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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
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argentina
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argentina
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127 total results foundAuthor: Kaye, Mike Title: Contemporary Forms of Slavery in Argentina Summary: This report provides information and anlaysis in relation to slavery practices in Argentina, with a particular focus on trafficking of people for both labor and sexual exploitaton and commercial sexual exploitation of children. Details: London: Anti-Slavery International, 2006. 17p. Source: Year: 2006 Country: Argentina Keywords: Child Labor Shelf Number: 118400 |
Author: Touze, Graciela Title: Argentina: Reform on the Way? Summary: In August 2009, the Argentina Supreme Court declared legislation criminalizing drug possession for personal consumption as unconstitutional. This briefing discusses the background of that decision, the small steps taken since, but argues that there is still much to do before a genuine reform agenda can be implemented. Details: Amsterdam: Transnational Institute; Washington, DC: Washington Office on Latin America, 2010. 12p. Source: Internet Resource; Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies, No. 6 Year: 2010 Country: Argentina Keywords: Drug Offenders Shelf Number: 119436 |
Author: De Tella, Rafael Title: Happiness, Ideology and Crime in Argentine Cities Summary: This paper uses self-reported data on victimization, subjective well being and ideology for a panel of individuals living in six Argentine cities. While no relationship is found between happiness and victimization experiences, a correlation is documented, however, between victimization experience and changes in ideological positions. Specifically, individuals who are the victims of crime are subsequently more likely than non-victims to state that inequality is high in Argentina and that the appropriate measure to reduce crime is to become less punitive (demanding lower penalties for the same crime). Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: IDB WORKING PAPER SERIES No. IDB-WP-112; Accessed October 23, 2010 at: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=35004726 Year: 2009 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Analysis Shelf Number: 120059 |
Author: Argentina. Chief National Cabinet of Ministers Title: Public Policies for Health Care in Prison Settings Summary: The Argentine Republic throughout the 1994 reform of the National Constitution has incorporated with constitutional hierarchy by the article 75, clause 22, international instruments of Human Rights, which are part of the constitutional body. The National Government takes as an essential axis in its policies the promotion and assurance of Human Rights in prison settings and guarantees the dignity of persons deprived of their freedom and other rights that act as their support, such as the right of life, of physical integrity and of health care. In this constitutional frame, it has been a concern not only the protection of health, but also the support of a policy that insures the highest possible level of physical and mental health (art. 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), which would provide, in a prison setting, the same quality of health that the rest of the community have (principle of universality and equivalence). At first stage, it was crucial to consider health in prisons as a public policy and necessary for the Ministry responsible for the Public Health to assume the responsibility and dictate the protocols by which prevention and assistance in prisons must be guided. Moreover, coordination must exist among the different government agencies to guarantee the right to health care, as well as social inclusion of inmates. Therefore, on the 29th.July 2008, the Ministries of Justice, Security and Human Rights, Health and the Scientific Consultant Committee for Control of Illegal Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Complex Crimes (nowadays depends on the Chief of Cabinet of Ministers), they signed the framework agreement of cooperation in order to coordinate and improve the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, throughout the implementation of programs, activities and plans on integral policies for health care and social inclusion (education, work and social development). On the one hand, in order to modify the health penitentiary paradigm and guarantee health post-penitentiary mechanisms for the people deprived of their freedom, the creation of "Inter-Ministerial Office for the Social Inclusion of People on Freedom Situation" has been proposed, which coordinates the different Ministries involved. On the other hand, being Argentina a federal country, on 29th December 2009, it was signed an Agreement for Cooperation and Assistance in Prisons, of which the Chief of the Cabinet Ministers, the Ministry of Justice, Security and Human Rights, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Social Development and the Provinces of Salta, Mendoza, Tierra del Fuego and Buenos Aires; the Committee on Public Policies for Prevention and Control of Transnational Illegal Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime and Corruption was the technical consultant. Finally, this change of state policies, that is that Ministry of Health is the one who establishes the strategies for assistance and prevention in prisons, through coordinated actions with the Ministries of Justice, Social Development, Work and Education, enabling the access of persons deprived of their freedom to health, in accordance with the obligations assumed by our country by the International Covenants of Human Rights. Details: Buenos Aires, Argentina: Chief National Cabinet of Ministers, 2010. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 23, 2011 at: www.jgm.gov.ar/archivos/jgm/public_policies_health_prison_en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Argentina Keywords: Correctional Management Shelf Number: 121113 |
Author: Dewey, Matias Title: Fragile States, Robust Structures: Illegal Police Protection in Buenos Aires Summary: Weakness is a quality frequently ascribed to Latin American states. This diagnosis proves faulty since it is possible to find resistant structures inside those states that perpetuate such weaknesses. This article shows that this is the case in regards to the police force of the province of Buenos Aires. Here, I will demonstrate that the police have specialized in selling a service available to criminals and criminal organizations: illegal protection. With information taken from in‐depth interviews and official documents, I will show that this protection – contrary to the views of Charles Tilly and Diego Gambetta – is characterized by a temporary suspension of the rule of law. Details: Hamburg, Germany: German Institute of Global and Area Studies, 2011. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: GIGA Working Papers, No. 169: Accessed August 5, 2011 at: http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/wp169_dewey.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Argentina Keywords: Police Corruption Shelf Number: 122307 |
Author: Frischtak, Claudio Title: Crime, House Prices, and Inequality: The Effect of UPPs in Rio Summary: We use a recent policy experiment in Rio de Janeiro, the installation of permanent police stations in low-income communities (or favelas), to quantify the relationship between a reduction in crime and the change in the prices of nearby residential real estate. Using a novel data set of detailed property prices from an online classifi eds website, we fi nd that the new police stations (called UPPs) had a substantial effect on the trajectory of property values and certain crime statistics since the beginning of the program in late 2008. We also fi nd that the extent of inequality among residential prices decreased as a result of the policy. Both of these empirical observations are consistent with a dynamic model of property value in which historical crime rates have persistent effects on the price of real estate. Details: New York: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2012. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Staff Report No. 542: Accessed December 3, 2012 at: http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/staff_reports/sr542.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Prevention Shelf Number: 127112 |
Author: Lenis, David Title: The Effect of the Argentine Gun Buy-Back Program on Crime and Violence Summary: The effect of policies and regulations affecting the availability of guns in the population is an unsettled and controversial issue. In this paper, we contribute to this debate by analyzing the effect of PEVAF, a large national gun buy-back program implemented in Argentina, on crime and violence. The empirical evidence suggests that the program has been successful in reducing the number of deaths from firearm accidents, but has not achieved a reduction in suicides, homicides and car theft. Details: Unpublished paper, 2010. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 1, 2013 at: http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~raphael/IGERT/Workshop/PEVAF_September_27_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Argentina Keywords: Gun Control Programs Shelf Number: 128902 |
Author: Cerro, Ana Maria Title: Sources of Regional Crime Persistence Argentina 1980-2008 Summary: Crime rates vary considerably by region and these differences are found to be persistent over time. The persistence of differences in regional crime rates over time may be explained by two factors. First, differences in the regional institutional and socio-economic conditions that determine crime equilibrium levels are persistent over time. Second, the effects of shocks affecting the crime rate are persistent over time. The aim of this paper is to disentangle these two sources of regional crime persistence in Argentinean regions over 1980-2008 and subperiods for different typologies of crime. Controlling for socio-economic and deterrence effect variables, we specify an econometric model to test the persistence of shocks to crime. Results support high persistence of the effects of shocks to crime. Details: Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2012. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: MPRA Paper No. 44482: Accessed July 13, 2013 at: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44482/ Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Rates (Argentina) Shelf Number: 129389 |
Author: Cornell Law School’s Avon Global Center for Women and Justice and International Human Rights Clinic Title: Women in Prison in Argentina: Causes, Conditions, and Consequences Summary: In many countries around the world, including Argentina, the number of women who are deprived of their liberty has risen over time and has increased disproportionately in comparison to male prisoners. In Argentina, the number of female prisoners within the federal system increased 193%, while the male population rose 111% from 1990 to 2012. Nonetheless, little research has been done to understand why there has been such a dramatic increase in women's incarceration. At the same time, international and domestic laws governing prisons and prison policies and practices have traditionally been designed for men. In 2010, however, the United Nations adopted the first international standards relating specifically to women prisoners - the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Female Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders (Bangkok Rules). The Bangkok Rules specifically call for research to be conducted on (among other things) the causes of women's imprisonment, the characteristics of women in prison, and the impact on children. This Report focuses particularly on the causes and conditions of women's imprisonment, and consequences for children of incarcerated mothers in Argentina. In undertaking research for this Report, the authors developed two surveys, a General Prison Population Survey that was administered to nearly 30% of all women prisoners (246 women) in Argentina's federal prison system (attached as Annex 1) and a Co-Residence Program Survey which received responses from 26 women residing with their children in prison (attached as Annex 2); conducted site visits to two women's prisons in Buenos Aires, Argentina; and interviewed women prisoners, judges, academics and civil society members. Justice Elena Highton de Nolasco, the Vice President of the Supreme Court of Argentina, invited us to conduct this study and provided us with full and open access and cooperation. This Report focuses solely on the federal prison system in Argentina, known as the Servicio Penitenciaro Federal (SPF), while the vast majority of the people deprived of their liberty are held in provincial jails across the country. As of April 2012, the SPF detained 9,693 prisoners in 34 federal prisons. Of these, 9% (or approximately 872 SPF prisoners) were women. Details: Chicago: University of Chicago Law School, 2013. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2013 at: http://www.law.uchicago.edu/files/files/Argentina_report_final_web.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Argentina Keywords: Female Inmates (Argentina) Shelf Number: 129458 |
Author: Derghougassian, Khatchik Title: Under (Loose) Control: Drug Trafficking in Argentina Summary: Since the emergence of drug trafficking as a major concern on the international security agenda in early 1980s, Argentina generally has remained peripheral in the global illicit market, and was seldom characterized as a country for transit and money laundering. This situation, however, changed by the end of the 20th century when the levels of drug consumption rose dramatically in Argentine society and several official reports revealed the important role that the national industry played in providing the chemical products for cocaine and other synthetic drugs processing. Yet, despite some disturbing episodes of drug-related violence that seem involving Colombian and Mexican cartels, the structure of the local drug market, both distribution and consumption, remains under control. The main reason for this loose control that avoids the outburst of violence on a major scale is decades-old symbiosis of delinquents, police and political interests commonly labeled as the “Triple P” -standing for thugs, police and politicians (Pandillas, Policía, Políticos). Based on this hypothetical argument, this paper provides a historical perspective of the inclusion of Argentina as a peripheral market in global drug trafficking to focus on the structural evolution of the phenomenon since the 1980s up to the actuality. We are mainly concerned in explaining the shift of Argentina from a country for transit to a consumers market, as well as identifying the incoming and outgoing flows of global trafficking of the illicit drug industry, to analyze its implications for predictable changes within the Triple P structure. Details: Buenos Aires;Universidad de San Andrés, 2012. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://www.udesa.edu.ar/files/UAHumanidades/DT/DT%20Ciencias%20Sociales/DT15_Khatchik_DerGhougassian.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Drug Trafficking (Argentina) Shelf Number: 129519 |
Author: Abduca, Ricardo Title: Working Towards a Legal Coca Market: The case of coca leaf chewing in Argentina Summary: Modern use of the coca leaf in Argentina provides a series of examples that could contribute to dispelling many of the myths that have polarized debate about the subject over the last few years. Argentine coca consumption does not fit commonly held preconceptions on the subject. Furthermore, the social acceptance and legitimacy of the habit has created an absurd situation in which the sale and possession of coca leaf for consumption is legal, but the supply and wholesale purchase of it are prohibited, and therefore part of an illegal circuit. Key points • Argentine coca leaf consumption is definitely traditional but not entirely indigenous. It is rooted in the Northwest of Argentine in every social class, and not only in the poorer sectors. Argentine consumption of coca is legal and very widespread. • The Northwest of Argentina is a choice destination for a significant proportion of the Bolivian crop. This fact was never taken into account by international narcotics control bodies, nor did it ever influence the design of public policy in Argentina. • Attention must be drawn to the sheer scale of Argentine coca imports, and to the border rent which appears to remain forever in the hands of the ‘backyard’ of security forces, and other networks of a similar kind. • It is high time that a new bilateral agreement be established between the two countries with the aim of regulating legal imports of the coca leaf. Details: Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 2013. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies No. 23: Accessed August 8, 2013 at: http://www.druglawreform.info/images/stories/DLR_23_eng_def-1.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Argentina Keywords: Coca Leaf Shelf Number: 129587 |
Author: Meloni, Osvaldo Title: Does Poverty Relief Spending Reduce Crime? Evidence from Argentina Summary: A large body of empirical research suggests that welfare spending reduces crime. Contrary to this dominant finding, a few recent studies conclude that there is no relationship between several measures of welfare spending and serious crime. This paper contributes to the debate using data from the largest poverty alleviation program launched by the Argentinean government to cope with the deleterious effects of the 2002 crisis featuring double-digit unemployment and half of the population below the poverty line. Province - level dynamic panel data reveals that the cash transfers program had a negative impact total crime although the effect was rather weak. The analyses of various types of crime show that the influence of the Argentine poverty relief spending was greater in Property Crimes than Crime against Persons, with the highest effect on larceny Details: Tucuman, Argentina: National University of Tucuman, 2012. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2013 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2128351 Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Poverty Shelf Number: 131622 |
Author: Eventon, Ross Title: Eyes Wide Shut: Corruption and Drug-Related Violence in Rosario Summary: Drug trafficking is not a new phenomenon in the Argentinian city of Rosario. Since the 1990s, and largely under the public radar, the distribution of illicit drugs in the poor, peripheral neighbourhoods of the city has been managed by family-run gangs and small-time dealers; poverty and social marginalisation have facilitated the trade; young gang members, known as soldados, have fought over territory; local demand for illegal drugs has provided the engine; illicit profits have been laundered in collaboration with local lawyers and financial advisors; and corruption among the police and local officials has ensured that the main traffickers, while their identities are widely known, can operate with few concerns other than threats from rivals. This last element appears to explain why, until the issue was forced into the public domain, there had been a conspicuous lack of political concern with drug trafficking in the city. The change came on New Year's Day 2012. That day, three community activists were shot and killed in the Villa Moreno neighbourhood by gang members who mistook them for rivals. The killings were not unique, but the victims were: unlike the usual casualties, the activists had a movement behind them. Their deaths led to local demonstrations and calls for action. The press and local officials were suddenly impelled to pay attention to drug trafficking and related violence. Since then, a spate of official investigations has deepened public understanding of the nature of the drug trade in the city. They have also provided further evidence of the complicity of the security forces and the negligence of the state that have long been known to facilitate trafficking. Recommendations - Maintain the focus on the leadership of the most powerful and violent gangs, including following the money trail, and reverse the trend where simply increasing the number of security forces in violent areas is considered a sufficient policy response. - Re-focus the judiciary away from a two-tiered approach: recognize underage gang members as a vulnerable population, and that confronting the culture of violence will require special initiatives. - Root out corruption in the local and provincial security forces, recognise the way the state's approach facilitates this complicity, and produce more reliable statistics to better inform policymakers. Details: Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 2013. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing Series on Drug Markets and Violence, Nr 1: Accessed May 10, 2014 at: http://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/files/download/dmv1.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Argentina Keywords: Corruption Shelf Number: 132314 |
Author: Cerro, Ana Maria Title: Typologies of Crime in the Argentine Provinces. A Panel STudy 2000-2008 Summary: This study examines the socioeconomic and deterrence determinants of crime in Argentina for different typologies of property crimes and crimes against person. We employ a panel of Argentinean regions over the years 2000-2008. Our econometric methodology follows GMM estimator commonly applied for dynamic panel data model. The results give evidence that unemployment has a positive and significant effect on total and property crimes but its impact depends on the typology of the offense. However it has no effect on crimes against person. The importance and the sign of Income per capita depend on the typology of the crime. Income inequality proved to be less important when explaining property crimes and crimes against person. The deterrence effects proxied by the arrest and sentence rates are always negative and very significant. Details: Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA), 2011. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: MPRA Paper No. 44460: Accessed at: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44460/1/MPRA_paper_44460.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Argentina Keywords: Property Crimes Shelf Number: 132521 |
Author: Cerro, Ana Maria Title: The Effect of Crime on the Job Market: An ARDL approach to Argentina Summary: This paper provides further evidence on the impact of crime on the job market using the time series data over the period 1980-2007 for Argentina. We also address methodological flaws by earlier crime studies by employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration advocated by Pesaran et al (2001). The results show that unemployment has a statistically positive effect on the crime rate, depending on the model used. Details: Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2010. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2014 at: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44457/1/MPRA_paper_44457.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Rates Shelf Number: 132692 |
Author: Farah, Douglas Title: Back to the Future: Argentina Unravels Summary: Argentina's flamboyant president, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, was indignant when, during a U.S. tour last year, a student at Harvard asked her how her personal wealth had grown more than 900 percent in less than a decade. "I don't know where you get those figures, but that is not how it is," the president responded. Such is Argentina in the time of Fernandez de Kirchner, where official obfuscation and denial of facts are routine, unexplained acquisition of wealth is the norm, official accountability is rapidly disappearing, the rule of law is eroding, and political enemies are publicly attacked as traitors. During her time in office, Fernandez de Kirchner has built a massive patronage system, consistently rewarding close political allies with lucrative business opportunities, often at the expense of foreign investors whose properties have been expropriated in violation of international agreements. Details: Alexandria, VA: International Assessment and Strategy Center, 2013. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.303/pub_detail.asp Year: 2013 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Shelf Number: 129927 |
Author: Dewey, Matias Title: Crisis and the Emergence of Illicit Markets: A Pragmatist View on Economic Action outside the Law Summary: Although illicit exchange has also been an organized, silent, and ever-present response to harsh economic crisis, only protest and social movements have captured scholars' attention. In order to fill this void, this paper analyzes the emergence of illegal markets under situations of social breakdown. I claim that an illicit market emerging under socio-economic crisis conditions might be understood as the result of a constant valuation process and the intervention of what Herbert Mead called "generalized others." In the new arena of exchange, individuals are able to anticipate the reactions of others, inhibit undesirable impulses, and guide their conduct accordingly by visualizing their own line of action from a generalized standpoint. This approach to illicit markets is based on a critical reading of two other approaches: the anomie theory and the field of organized-crime studies. Both perspectives, according to the argument, operate with a model of action characterized by fixed ends and means, a priori assumptions that hinder the ability to perceive the gradual and transforming dynamics of a crisis situation. The paper also offers empirical evidence on the process of the emergence of an illicit market under a crisis situation. By referring to La Salada market, an arena of exchange which emerged during the 1990s in Argentina, I describe a process characterized by an intensification of communicative activities, the adjustment of mutual expectations, the search for definitions that legitimate expectations, and role-taking in the market. Details: Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, 2014. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: MPIfG Discussion Paper 14 /6: http://www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp14-6.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Argentina Keywords: Economics and Crime Shelf Number: 133334 |
Author: Pombo, Gabriela Title: Migrant Women and Gender Violence: Strategies and Perspectives for Interventions Summary: IOM Argentina has launched the English version of a manual originally produced in Spanish, Las Mujeres Migrantes y la Violencia de Genero - Aportes para la Reflexion y la Intervencion (Migrant Women and Gender Violence - Strategies and Perspectives for Interventions). The manual was developed under the framework of the project Promoting Human Rights of Migrants from a Gender Perspective, implemented by IOM Argentina in partnership with the Under-Secretariat of Social Advancement (Subsecretaria de Promocion Social, SPS) from the Ministry for Social Development of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, with the support of the IOM Development Fund. The manual was produced as a training tool aimed at the teams of this agency regarding the social interventions with migrant women in the field of gender violence. Based on this experience, the distribution of the material at several governmental bodies and civil society organizations sought to further promote sensitization and awareness-raising among the community at large. Along these lines, the adaptation and translation of this product into English is intended to facilitate the dissemination of the matter globally, since it can be utilized by any public servant, civil society employee, or the staff of other organizations concerned with or providing assistance to migrant women undergoing situations of violence. It is the expectation of IOM Argentina that the material will be a valuable contribution in different contexts and geographical spaces. Details: Buenos Aires: International Organized for Migration; Buenos Aires Ciudad, 2015. 135p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 8, 2016 at: http://argentina.iom.int/co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/Manual_OIM-ENG-web-23-11.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Argentina Keywords: Gender-Related Violence Shelf Number: 137439 |
Author: Alzua, Maria Laura Title: The Quality of Life in Prisons: Do Educational Programs Reduce In-Prison Conflicts? Summary: The harshness of punishment society chooses to impose on crime offenders is mandated by law. However, the quality of life in prison can make this punishment harsher. This creates a variation in the severity of punishment which is not legislated and may differ from society's taste for penalties. Indicators of in prison violence and conflicts seem to be appropriate proxy variables for prison conditions. Using indicators of in prison violent behavior, we use an exogenous source in education participation in educational programs in order to asses the effect of education on such measures of conflict. Applying instrumental variables techniques to census data for Argentine prisons, we find that educational programs significantly reduce indicators of property damages in prison. Such reductions amounts to a 60 percent decrease relative to the mean level of property damages. Details: Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2009. Source: Internet Resource: Documento de Trabajo Nro. 91: Accessed March 28, 2016 at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/dls/wpaper/0091.html Year: 2009 Country: Argentina Keywords: Correctional Programs Shelf Number: 138444 |
Author: Alzua, Maria Laura Title: Workfare and Crime: Evidence for Argentina Summary: This paper investigates the effect of introducing a massive workfare program on property crimes. In order to circumvent the endogeneity problem common to joint factors determining crime and demand for workfare we make use of instrumental variables. We exploit two special features. First, the program was assigned according to political criteria which were trying to attract provinces and/or counties who were aligned with the national government. Second, the program was grant in mid-2002 and closed afterwards, so there were no new-comers to the program. We use political affiliation of different level of governments as instrument for the number of workfare programs per capita and find that the program reduced property crime but had no effect on other kinds of crime. The paper represents a contribution to the crime literature, since this issue has not been explored. If workfare programs have an effect on crime, then the welfare effect is different from the one often calculated in the literature. Details: Caracas, Venezuela: CAF DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO CAF WORKING PAPERS, 2011. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: CAF WORKING PAPERS N 2011/05 : Accessed September 8, 2016 at: https://www.caf.com/media/3894/201105Alzua.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Argentina Keywords: Economics and Crime Shelf Number: 140253 |
Author: Amodio, Francesco Title: Crime Protection Investment Spillovers: Theory and Evidence from the City of Buenos Aires Summary: This paper studies spillover effects among potential crime victims from investment in observable protection technologies. Criminals and potential victims interact in a frictional market for offenses. Externalities within the two market sides arise as trading externalities, and their sign and size depend on the equilibrium changes in victimization probabilities. I explore the issue empirically using household-level geo-referenced data from the City of Buenos Aires. The City exhibits a significant level of spatial clustering of burglary protection investment. More importantly, investment by neighbors is shown to significantly affect individual households' investment decisions. In order to achieve identification, I exploit within-neighborhood variation in close neighbors' protection investment status as induced by their knowledge of crimes suffered by friends, relatives, acquaintances or others, occurred sufficiently far away. Indeed, information about others' victimization experiences is found to significantly increase the protection investment of neighbors, and can thus be used as a source of exogenous variation for the latter under relatively weak assumptions. Instrumental variable estimates show neighbors' investment in CCTV cameras and alarms to significantly increase a given household's propensity to invest in the same technology. No effect is found instead for special door locks, bars or outdoor lighting. Taken all together, results implicitly suggest the supply of criminals in the city to be relatively inelastic with respect to the intensity of protection in the average location, or perceived to be so by potential victims. Details: Caracas, Venezuela: CAF DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO, 2013. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper No. 2013/06: Accessed September 17, 2016 at: https://www.caf.com/media/1871013/crime-protection-investment-spillover-evidence-buenos-aires.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Argentina Keywords: Burglary Shelf Number: 140331 |
Author: Cutrona, Sebastian Antonino Title: Challenging the U.S.-Led War on Drugs: Argentina in Comparative Perspective Summary: This dissertation analyzes the cases that have resisted the U.S. pressure to adopt the standard security model (SSM) to fight against drug-trafficking in Latin America and the Caribbean. Since more can be learned by examining phenomenon that deviate from the modal pattern, this dissertation focuses on Argentina. Existing research, by contrast, has revolved around Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, and the Caribbean; countries where the U.S. securitized drug-trafficking by presenting it as an existential threat, justifying the militarization of counter-narcotics policies. In seeking to fill this theoretical and empirical vacuum, this dissertation answers three main research questions: Why have some countries succumbed to the U.S. pressure for a SSM while others resisted? What specific factors explain the different trajectories followed by these countries? And, finally, what alternative policies, if any, have these countries chosen to replace the SSM. Details: Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami, 2016. 237p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2675&context=oa_dissertations Year: 2016 Country: Argentina Keywords: Drug Control Policy Shelf Number: 140774 |
Author: Yarfitz, Mir Title: Polacos, White Slaves, and Stille Chuppahs: Organized Prostitution and the Jews of Buenos Aires, 1890-1939 Summary: This dissertation explores the particularly prominent role of Jews in coercive sex trafficking, then called white slavery in Buenos Aires when it was considered to be the world capital. The project aims to de-exoticize the subject by comparing Jewish pimps and prostitutes to other immigrants, grounding them in the neighborhoods they lived in, exploring the concrete concerns of their opponents, and connecting the broader discourses around these issues to transnational conversations about migration, sexuality, and the significance of race, ethnicity, and nationhood - the establishment of the boundaries of whiteness - in the furor around white slavery. I introduce new evidence about the Zwi Migdal Society (also called the Varsovia Society), a powerful mutual aid and burial association of Jewish pimps based in the Argentine capital. Ostracized by the nascent Argentine Jewish community, the Zwi Migdal Society nonetheless developed the same communal structures as those found in conventional voluntary immigrant associations: a burial society, a synagogue, health benefits, and peer recognition. My archival discoveries underline the significance of this battle to the local Jewish community's centralization and the shifting international articulation of norms around morality, marriage, family, and labor, and develop a history that opens into larger issues of migration, identity, women's agency and transatlantic politics. Based on archival research in Buenos Aires, Geneva, New York, London, and Southampton, this project builds upon previous scholarship through new archival discoveries and close analysis of local and international press. Details: Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 2012. 345p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 20, 2016 at: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bx304mn Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Prostitutes Shelf Number: 140818 |
Author: Cerro, Ana Maria Title: Business cycles and crime: The case of Argentina Summary: This study focus on the relationship between crime and business cycle in Argentina, at national and provincial level, using monthly time series for the period 1999-2008. For that end we examine the presence of common factors (interpreted as cyclical components) driving the dynamics of a set of types of crimes and monthly economic activity indicators (EMAE and ISAP). By means of Dynamic Factor Models we identify which type of crime is related to business cycle and if these crimes are leading, lagging or coincident. We find a strong counter-cyclical relationship between total and property crime rates and its typologies and business cycle. Additionally these series are slightly lagged with respect to business cycle. On the other hand, crimes against persons are found to be pro-cyclical and coincident. Details: Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2012. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: MPRA Paper No. 44515: Accessed December 14, 2016 at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44515/1/MPRA_paper_44515.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Rates Shelf Number: 144916 |
Author: Elsen, Jacob R. Title: Bad Cop, Bad Cop: Corruption in the Buenos Aires Provincial Police. Contemporary Discourse and Suggestions for Future Research Summary: This thesis comprehensively reviews literature pertaining to police corruption in the Buenos Aires Provincial Police. In doing so, it organizes and synthesizes contemporary discourse on this topic and suggests areas for future scholarly study in order to better understand corruption in this particular case. This thesis argues that the global police corruption literature provides an analytical framework for assessing the breadth of the police corruption literature specific to the Buenos Aires Provincial Police. In this way, this thesis reviews the global police corruption literature and finds that scholars have researched four principal areas of study: the definitions and typologies of police corruption, the causes of police corruption, the nature and organization of police corruption, and preventive strategies. These areas of research and their key findings are subsequently employed as an analytical framework for organizing discussion of the case-specific literature and suggesting areas in need of further scholarly study on this particular case. This review finds that each of these main areas of study present topics that have been widely researched in the context of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police, as well as others that have received little or no attention and therefore merit further study. Details: Washington, DC: Georgetown University, 2016. 178p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 7, 2017 at: https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1041840/Elsen_georgetown_0076M_13448.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2016 Country: Argentina Keywords: Police Shelf Number: 146026 |
Author: Dewey, Matias Title: Crisis and the Emergence of Illicit Markets: A Pragmatist View on Economic Action outside the Law Summary: Although illicit exchange has also been an organized, silent, and ever-present response to harsh economic crisis, only protest and social movements have captured scholars' attention. In order to fill this void, this paper analyzes the emergence of illegal markets under situations of social breakdown. I claim that an illicit market emerging under socio-economic crisis conditions might be understood as the result of a constant valuation process and the intervention of what Herbert Mead called "generalized others." In the new arena of exchange, individuals are able to anticipate the reactions of others, inhibit undesirable impulses, and guide their conduct accordingly by visualizing their own line of action from a generalized standpoint. This approach to illicit markets is based on a critical reading of two other approaches: the anomie theory and the field of organized-crime studies. Both perspectives, according to the argument, operate with a model of action characterized by fixed ends and means, a priori assumptions that hinder the ability to perceive the gradual and transforming dynamics of a crisis situation. The paper also offers empirical evidence on the process of the emergence of an illicit market under a crisis situation. By referring to La Salada market, an arena of exchange which emerged during the 1990s in Argentina, I describe a process characterized by an intensification of communicative activities, the adjustment of mutual expectations, the search for definitions that legitimate expectations, and role-taking in the market. Details: Cologne, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, 2014. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: MPIfG Discussion Paper 14/6: Accessed May 1, 2017 at: http://www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp14-6.pdf Year: 133334 Country: Argentina Keywords: Economics and Crime Shelf Number: 2014 |
Author: Heuvelink, Teun Title: Mobsters and hooligans: The identity construction of the barra brava of Boca Juniors in the Buenos Aires neighbourhood La Boca Summary: In the heart of the Buenos Aiores neighbourhood La Boca, resides football club Boca Juniors. This club has one of the most infamous and feared group of supporters in the world: La Doce. In Europe La Doce would be compared to a group of hooligans, but in reality they are very different from hooligans. It is an organized crime group that has its roots in the La Boca, but over the years the connection to the neighbourhood grew thin. They also have some things in common with latin American youth gangs. Although members of La Doce see themselves as hooligans, residents and non-residents of La Boca, a marginalized immigrant neighbourhood, identify La Doce as a mafia. Residents do not identify La Doce with La Boca anymore, because most members of La Doca do no longer live in the neighbourhood. Non residents do identify La Doce with La Boca because they have some characteristics thet they share. These characteristics are mainly based on prejudices coming from stigmatization, especially in the case of the neighbourhood. The self-image of La Doca differs from the way residents and non-residents identify them, but these differences are very relatable to each other Details: Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, 2011. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 9, 2017 at: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/198754 Year: 2011 Country: Argentina Keywords: Gang-Related Violence Shelf Number: 131385 |
Author: Meloni, Osvaldo Title: Is there an electoral-motivated crime rate cycle? Evidence from Argentina Summary: In the last three decades Argentina tripled its crime rate boosting safety at the top of mayor concerns of Argentineans which leaves open the question about the behavior of incumbent governors of the 23 provinces about anti-crime measures in the proximity of elections. How do incumbent governors react to escalating crime as elections come closer? This paper investigates electorally-motivated crime rate fluctuations in Argentina for the period 1984-2007. Districtlevel dynamic panel data reveals the existence of an electoral cycle in the total crime rate as well as in property crimes. Details: Munich: Munich Person RePEc Archive, 2012. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 4, 2017 at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40177/1/MPRA_paper_40177.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Argentina Keywords: Crime Rates Shelf Number: 146726 |
Author: Picasso, Emilio Title: Valuing the Public's Demand for Crime Prevention Programs: A Discrete Choice Experiment Summary: This study utilizes a state-of-the-art survey methodology previously employed in the environmental, health and safety economics literatures to estimate the cost of violent crime and homicide in Buenos Aires. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method for crime cost estimation and for using these surveys in developing countries. Through a random sample of 269 households from an online panel in Buenos Aires, respondents were asked to choose among three options with a factorial design varying homicide rate, violent crime rate, policy measures to reduce crime, and tax impact. Discrete choice modeling estimates the willingness-to-pay for reduction in risk of homicide and violent crime as well as independent values for two policy options. The cost of homicide in Buenos Aires is estimated to be approximately $1.5 million, whereas the cost of other violent crimes (including rape, robbery and aggravated assault) is estimated to be $2,000. In addition to extending intangible crime cost estimates to Latin America, we estimate the value of two comprehensive crime control policies, with values ranging from $600 to $700 million/year, about $12 per household per month each. The estimated costs in Buenos Ares are consistent with that found in developing countries once controlling for income differences. These subjective crime cost valuations are significantly higher than tangible crime costs, and thus provide a significant improvement in the ability of policy makers to conduct benefit-cost analysis. Details: Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management Research Paper, 2018. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2019 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3015649 Year: 2018 Country: Argentina Keywords: Argentina Shelf Number: 155003 |
Author: Carrington, Kerry Title: The role of Women's Police Stations in responding to and preventing Gender Violence: Stage 1 Report of ARC project Summary: This is the first report of a study into the role of women's police stations in Argentina in responding to and preventing gender violence. The study is funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and includes a multi-country team of researchers from Australia and Argentina. Violence against women and girls is a global policy issue with significant social, economic and personal consequences. A World Health Organization (2013) prevalence study found that 35 per cent of women in the world had experienced violence or sexual abuse by a partner or ex-partner, and that women who are murdered by a partner or ex-partner account for 38 per cent of all female homicides. However, the burden of violence against women and girls is distributed unequally, with rates of violence significantly higher in low to middle income countries of the Global South. Yet, the bulk of global research on gender violence is based on the experiences of urban communities in high-income English-speaking countries mainly from the Global North. Only 11 per cent of research on gender violence has been conducted in Africa and 7 per cent in South Asia (Arango et al. 2014, 19). This body of research also tends to promote policy interventions that are either unsustainable (such as specialised domestic violence courts) or mono-cultural (based on white women's experiences) and consequently of little assistance in designing interventions to eliminate gender violence in culturally diverse, low income and post-conflict, post-colonial or neo-colonial contexts in the Global South (Carrington et al. 2019). It is in this context that women's specialist police stations, which first emerged in Latin America over 30 years ago and have since grown exponentially in countries of the Global South, warrant serious consideration as a more effective method for responding to violence against women, than reliance on traditional models of policing. Details: Brisbane: School of Justice, Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2019 at: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127088/1/Report%20final%20Version%2028%20feb.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Argentina Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 155263 |