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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
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armenia
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armenia
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45 total results foundAuthor: Dallakyan, Ani Title: Report on Nationwide Survey Findings: Domestic Violence and Abuse of Women in Armenia Summary: This document reports on a survey undertaken by the Turpanjian Center for Policy Analysis in order to provide information for the development of the activities of the Women's Rights Center in the prevention of domestic violence against women. The purpose of the nationwide Armenian study is to determine women's attitudes towards domestic violence against women and understanding about its causes and solutions, and to assess the extent of domestic violence and abuse of women in Armenia. It is also aimed at revealing the recent incidents of physical abuse of women at home. Details: Yerevan, Armenia: Women's Rights Center, 2007 Source: Year: 2007 Country: Armenia Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 117380 |
Author: Poghosyan, G. Title: Trafficking and Labour Exploitation of Armenian Migrants: A Sociological Survey Summary: This survey assesses the level of awareness among different social groups in Armenian society about the phenomenon of trafficking in persons, to understand how widespread it is in Armenia and to establish which social groups are likely to become potential victims of trafficking. Details: Yerevan: Armenian Sociological Association, 2005. 59p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2005 Country: Armenia Keywords: Forced Labor Shelf Number: 119153 |
Author: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Title: Final Report: Public Opinion Poll on Evaluation of Police-Public Partnership in the Marzes of the Republic of Armenia Summary: The document covers the findings of the Public Opinion Poll for Evaluation of Police-Public Partnership in the Marzes of the Republic of Armenia. The main objectives of the opinion poll were as follows: evaluate the public opinion about the police; evaluate possible formats of police-public partnership; evaluate public attitude towards the police; identify public perception of the efficiency of the police work; identify the areas of policing that are positively perceived by the public; identify the areas of policing that are negatively perceived by the public; identify the role of the mass media in shaping the police-public partnership; and define the possible changes that should urgently take place in the police service. Details: Yerevan, Armenia: OSCE,2010. 138p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: Armenia Keywords: Codmmunity Policing Shelf Number: 118827 |
Author: United Nations Children's Fund Title: Assessment of Juvenile Justice Reform Achievements in Armenia Summary: Offending by juveniles appears to have increased in Armenia during the years after its independence from the USSR and those following the conflict with neighbouring Azerbaijan, but began to fall in 199823 and seems to have now reached levels lower than the years before independence. Correspondingly, the number of juveniles serving sentences and the number of juveniles in pretrial detention have decreased by more than two thirds since 1998. At the time of the assessment mission, there were 18 juveniles serving sentences (including four or five over age 18) and 24 juveniles in the pretrial detention facility in the entire country. The structure of the Armenian juvenile justice system has changed little since independence. There are still a Juvenile Police Unit; two 'special schools' whose students include an unknown number of underage offenders and children at risk; one Children's Support Centre in the capital; one correctional facility for convicted juveniles and one centre for juveniles awaiting trial and sentencing; and judges appointed to handle juvenile cases, but no specialized juvenile court. Many of these institutions have undergone extensive reforms, however. The Police have entrusted management of the reception and distribution centre - renamed 'Children's Support Centre' - to an NGO that has converted it into a model centre for children at risk. The Juvenile Police participate in innovative programmes on community-based prevention and treatment, in cooperation with NGOs. Policies and programmes in the juvenile correctional facility have improved, although a coherent approach to rehabilitation is lacking. Some new programmes and institutions have been established. In cooperation with the Police of RA and the NGO Project Harmony, a successful community-based prevention and rehabilitation programme was launched, which is operational in six cities and is included in the National Plan of Action for the Protection of the Rights of the Child 2004-2015. The Public Defender's Office is providing legal services to accused juveniles and the Monitoring Groups are making valuable contributions to the transformation of juvenile justice. There is no framework law on juvenile justice; as in Soviet times, cases involving juvenile suspects and defendants, convicted juveniles and juvenile prisoners are governed by the Criminal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Executive Criminal Code and other laws and regulations. Most of the relevant legislation has been amended, and some of the amendments bring the law into greater conformity with international standards. Juvenile suspects have a right to legal assistance as from the moment of detention, and accused juveniles from the moment charges are filed. Representation by a defence attorney is mandatory. Once a juvenile is accused of an offence, only a court may order detention. Those accused of minor offences may not be detained. Prison sentences may not be imposed for minor offences. The maximum sentence for convicted juveniles is ten years, but few receive sentences of more than five years. Training in the rights of the child has had significant positive impact on the Juvenile Police, and the courts. Although many improvements have been made, further progress is required. Some advances are urgent. Police have authority to detain juvenile suspects for 72 hours; cases of abuse and even torture have been reported; and commitment to eradicating these practices is insufficient. Renovation of the physical infrastructure of the facility for convicted juveniles is urgently needed. While physical conditions in the pretrial detention centre have improved, restrictions on activities and movement incompatible with the rights to education, recreation and humane treatment are applied. Further amendments to legislation also are required. Prison regulations still allow solitary confinement as a punishment, in violation of international standards. Legal standards on pretrial detention are too vague, and the maximum period of detention before and during trial should be reduced to comply with the recommendation of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Similarly, the maximum period of police custody without a court order should be reduced to 24 hours. If one or more special schools remain open, norms governing them, which consist mainly of regulations, should be replaced by legislation compatible with international standards. Other recommendations made by the assessment team include: - The effectiveness of existing institutions and programmes for the prevention of offending and re-offending should be assessed to obtain the information needed in order to take decisions regarding the future of the Community Justice Centres, the Legal Socialization Project and the special schools. - The possibility of designating certain investigators to become specialized in criminal cases involving juveniles should be considered. - The need for a specialized children's court should be assessed, inter alia, by an evaluation of the way specialized judges carry out their duties. - Data on the impact (positive and negative) of custodial and non-custodial sentences on convicted juveniles should be collected and analysed to shed light on the effectiveness of existing sentencing policies and practice. - Consideration should be given to the adoption of a framework law specifically on juvenile justice to eliminate the gaps in existing legislation and norms applicable to both juveniles and adults that are incompatible with the rights of children. - Training should be conducted in the psychology of offenders, the prevention of offending and re-offending (rehabilitation of offenders), the treatment of child victims and the skills necessary to conduct criminological research. - Existing inter-agency coordination mechanisms should be strengthened. - A specialized child rights unit should be created by the Human Rights Defender. - Relevant indicators concerning juvenile justice should be identified and the corresponding data published annually. Details: Geneva: UNICEF, 2020. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 17, 2019 at: https://www.un.am/up/library/Juvenile%20Justice%20Reform%20Achievements_eng.pdf Year: 2020 Country: Armenia Keywords: At-risk Youth Shelf Number: 119433 |
Author: Aalders, Rachel Title: Children and Young People at Risk of Social Exclusion: Links between homelessness, child protection and juvenile justice Summary: Current research demonstrates relationships between child abuse and neglect, homelessness and criminal activity. This report presents key findings from analysis of a data set linking three community-sector data collections: Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP), juvenile justice supervision, and child protection notifications and substantiations in Victoria and Tasmania. While this project demonstrated that linking these collections is both feasible and worthwhile, the results are limited by data availability (this project used 3 years of SAAP data, 10 years of juvenile justice data, 18 years of Victorian child protection data and 3 years of Tasmanian child protection data). The accumulation of data over multiple years for all sectors would enable the flows between services over the long term to be identified, but despite the data limitations, the results highlight the possibilities for data linkage in these sectors although caution must be used in generalising these findings. People with involvement in one of the three sectors are more likely to be involved in another of the sectors than the general population Almost 15% of young people under juvenile justice supervision had received SAAP support in the year before their most recent supervision and 8% received support in the year after their most recent supervision. For those with a substantiated child protection notification, 6% received support in the year before and 7% in the year after their most recent substantiated notification. In contrast, about 1% of those aged 10 and older in the general population receive SAAP services as a client in a year and about 2% receive services as an accompanying child (AIHW 2010). More than 10% of those who received SAAP support as an adult had a history of juvenile justice supervision— by comparison, about 1% of those aged 16 or 17 (the peak age for juvenile justice supervision) are under supervision in any given year (AIHW 2011c). (National figures on the proportion of the adult population with a history of juvenile justice supervision are not available.) Young people with a child protection history enter juvenile justice supervision at a younger age Of those under juvenile justice supervision who had one or more substantiated child protection notifications, 21% first entered supervision aged 10–13 compared with 6% of those with no substantiated notifications. Young people without substantiated notifications were more likely to have entered supervision when they were older, with 33% doing so at age 17 compared with 11% of those who had one or more substantiated notifications. Young people, particularly young women, completing a detention sentence are at greater risk of homelessness Within 1 month after the end of a period of sentenced detention, 3% of periods were followed by a period of SAAP support—this increased to 9% within 6 months. Young women were twice as likely as young men to receive SAAP support in the month after the end of a sentenced detention period. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012. Source: Internet Resource: Data Linkage Series, Number 13: Accessed November 24, 2012 at: www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129542237 Year: 2012 Country: Armenia Keywords: At-risk Youth Shelf Number: 126995 |
Author: Penal Reform International Title: Who are Women Prisoners? Survey Results from Armenia and Georgia Summary: Women and girls comprise the minority of prisoners around the world, constituting an estimated two to nine per cent of national prison populations. Given their small number, women offenders find themselves in criminal justice systems that are designed for men and do not address their specific needs. The little attention dedicated to women prisoners to date also means there is a lack of research and data available on their backgrounds and characteristics. While some research and statistical data on women in prison have been published in a few countries, information is relatively scarce about women who come into contact with the criminal justice system in the large majority of jurisdictions, especially in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. Who are the women held on remand or imprisoned following conviction? What offences have they been charged with or convicted of? What triggered their confrontation with the criminal justice system? What is their background? Do they have dependent children? Were they employed prior to arrest and what is their level of education? Have they experienced violence or do they have a history of drug or alcohol dependency? What are the consequences for them of conviction and imprisonment? And perhaps most importantly: what kind of support do these women feel would help them most in building new, self‑supporting lives following release? Answers to these questions are of more than just academic interest. Increasing the knowledge about the background, characteristics and social reintegration needs of female offenders is an important first step for policy‑makers and practitioners to review and adjust legislation and policies in a gender‑sensitive way. With financial support from the UK Government, Penal Reform International is undertaking a multi‑regional research project which aims to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge about female offenders. This first paper focuses on South Caucasus (Armenia and Georgia) and two other reports cover Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and the Middle East and North Africa (Jordan and Tunisia). While this research project does not assess how far states have progressed towards implementing the UN Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non‑custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), its objective is to support the implementation of the international standards set by the Bangkok Rules. By providing facts and figures, the report seeks to illustrate the need for gender‑specific policies that respond to the needs of women in prison, and to enable countries to identify the key areas which need to be addressed as a matter of priority. Details: London: Penal Reform International, 2013. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2014 at: http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PRI-Research-report_Armenia-and-Georgia_Reprint-2014_ENG.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Armenia Keywords: Female Inmates Shelf Number: 131945 |
Author: Stefes, Christoph H. Title: Environmental Crime in Armenia: A Case Study on Mining Summary: Despite the European Union's efforts to promote good governance in Armenia, economic resources and political power have become interwoven in often illicit ways. Corruption is widespread at all levels of the state apparatus. Against this background, this case study, co-authored by Christoph Stefes and Katherine Weingartner of Ecologic Institute, looks at the causes of environmental crime in Armenia-taking the mining sector as an example-and describes measures that the European Union could take to contribute to preventing future environmental crime in the country. The case study is available for download. Although the Republic of Armenia (RA) is signatory to several international environmental treaties and conventions, this study finds that environmental laws are weak, contradictory, and rarely enforced. There exists a double gap in the RA mining sector which fuels environmental crime in this area. There is a gap between national law and international commitments and a gap between national law and its enforcement and adjudication. The cause identified in the case study is an often illicit collusion of political power and economic interests that prevents the passing of more stringent environmental regulations and the allocation of sufficient administrative resources to those government agencies which are formally tasked with the protection of the environment. The authors of the case study argue that the often illegal activities that prevent the passing of stringent environmental legislation should already be considered environmental crime. In order to mitigate environmental crime in RA, the EU needs to address these dimensions. This case study proposes several ways in which the EU can help deter environmental crime in RA. The EU can use its civilian and normative power to convince the RA to enforce national and international law as a term of doing business, simultaneously empowering local movements and NGOs, the most important environmental actors in the country. Support in the development of legislation that is compliant with international agreements as well as continued technical and financial support can also contribute to mitigating environmental crime in RA. Other suggestions include having the EU provide incentives to EU owned companies working in RA’s mining sector to operate in environmentally responsible and transparent ways. Details: Berlin: European Union Action to Fight Environmental Crime (EFFACE), 2015. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 22, 2016 at: http://ecologic.eu/sites/files/publication/2015/stefes-15-efface_environmental_crime_in_armenia.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Armenia Keywords: Environmental Crimes Shelf Number: 138729 |
Author: Council of Europe. Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Measures and the Financing of Terrorism (MONEYVAL) Title: Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures: Armenia Summary: This report provides a summary of the AML/CFT measures in place in Armenia as at the date of the on-site visit (25 May to 6 June 2015). It analyses the level of compliance with the FATF 40 Recommendations and the level of effectiveness of Armenia's AML/CFT system, and provides recommendations on how the system could be strengthened. Key Findings - Armenia has a broadly sound legal and institutional framework to combat money laundering (ML) and financing of terrorism (FT). Armenia's level of technical compliance is generally high with respect to a large majority of FATF Recommendations. - Armenia is not an international or regional financial centre and is not believed to be at major risk of ML. The predicate offences which were identified by the 2014 national risk assessment (NRA) as posing the biggest threat are fraud (including cybercrime), tax evasion, theft and embezzlement. The findings of this assessment indicate that corruption and smuggling also constitute a ML threat. The real estate sector, the shadow economy and the use of cash all constitute significant ML vulnerabilities. Competent authorities have assessed and demonstrated an understanding of some, but not all, ML risks in Armenia. - The NRA concludes that the risk of FT is very low. Although Armenia shares a border with Iran, which is considered by the FATF to pose a higher risk of FT, the evaluation team found no concrete indications that the Armenian's private sector and non-profit organisations (NPOs) are misused for FT purposes. There have never been any investigations, prosecutions and convictions for FT. There is an effective mechanism for the implementation of Targeted Financial Sanctions (TFS). No terrorist-related funds have been frozen under the relevant United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs). - The financial intelligence unit (FIU) has access to a wide range of information sources and is very effective in generating intelligence for onward dissemination to LEAs. Law enforcement access to information is somewhat restricted by a combination of issues connected with the legislation dealing with law enforcement powers to obtain information held by financial institutions and law enforcement ability to successfully convert intelligence into evidence. Law enforcement authorities (LEAs) did not demonstrate that they make effective use of FIU notifications to develop evidence and trace criminal proceeds related to ML. - The number of ML investigations and prosecutions has increased in the period under review. However, it appears that LEAs target the comparatively easy self-laundering cases mainly involving domestic predicate offences. One ML conviction (described as autonomous) was secured, although the judiciary appears to have based its ruling on the admission that the predicate offence had been committed. Overall, law enforcement efforts to pursue ML are not fully commensurate with the ML risks faced by the country. - Seizure and confiscation of criminal proceeds, instrumentalities and property of equivalent value are not pursued as a policy objective. It is doubtful whether LEAs are in a position to effectively identify, trace and seize assets at the earliest stages of an investigation, since proactive parallel financial investigations for ML and predicate offences are not conducted on a regular basis. - The banking sector is the most important sector in terms of materiality. Banks understand the risks that apply to them according to the FATF Standards and the AML/CFT Law. However, they have not demonstrated that they have incorporated the risks identified in the NRA into their internal policies. The real estate sector, notaries and casinos pose a relatively higher risk compared to other DNFBPs. Their understanding of risk - The application of customer due diligence (CDD), record-keeping and reporting measures by financial institutions is adequate. Major improvements are needed by the DNFBP sector with respect to preventive measures. - The approach of the Central Bank of Armenia (CBA) to anti-money laundering/counter financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) supervision is to some extent based on risk. Developments in this area are on-going. Adequate procedures for the imposition of sanctions are in place. However, the level of fines could be improved. The supervision of the DNFBP sector was found to be in need of improvement relative to casinos and notaries, and inadequate relative to real estate agents, dealers in precious metals and stones, lawyers and accountants. - Most basic information on legal persons is publicly available through the State Register. All legal persons in Armenia are required to disclose the identity of their beneficial owners to the State Register upon registration and, inter alia, whenever there is a change in shareholding. Information on beneficial ownership of legal entities is also ensured through the application of CDD measures by banks. - While all the banks understand that they have to apply freezing of funds to proliferation financing and there is an innovative system in place in financial institutions to ensure that matches are detected, there is a concern that the legal framework based on the AML/CFT Law could be open to legal challenge. Coordination between the different competent authorities involved in this area needs to be further developed. Details: Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2015. 182p. Source: Internet Resource: Fifth Round Mutual Evaluation Report: Accessed April 26, 2016 at: https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/moneyval/Evaluations/round5/MONEYVAL(2015)34_5thR_MER_Armenia.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Armenia Keywords: Banks Shelf Number: 138814 |
Author: Coalition to Stop Violence Against Women Title: Femicide in Armenia: A Silent Epidemic Summary: Published by the Coalition to Stop Violence Against Women, this report records the death of women killed by intimate partners and family members and sheds light on the manifestations of gender-related killings and acts of violence that are uniquely experienced by women in Armenia. We choose to use the term femicide in this report as opposed to the more gender-neutral term homicide, which overlooks the unique systems of inequality and oppression that women face. Domestic homicides in Armenia are largely carried out by men, and in the rare instances that they are carried out by women against male intimate partners, it is often in self defense. Thus, the gendered context and impact of domestic abuse warrants its own unique category. Details: s.l.: Coalition to Stop Violence Against Women, 2016. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2016 at: http://coalitionagainstviolence.org/en/femicide-en/ Year: 2016 Country: Armenia Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 140109 |
Author: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Title: Final report: Public opinion poll on evaluation of police-public partnership in Yerevan Summary: Within the framework of the current assignment to the M-Info consultations were held with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Office in Yerevan regarding various aspects of the research methodology, survey, interviewing, data collection and entry, statistical analysis, analytical reports and data representation in tables, charts and diagrams. Taking into account the overall objective of the research, the following methodological approaches were considered: Direct interviewing: the public opinion survey among the population in all districts of Yerevan, with the sample of 1282 interviewees; Certain desk research at both preparatory and data analysis stages, in order to better structure and manage the survey and later compare with other data available on the research subject. Study of the available reports, statistical resources (both official and independent), as well as data and information available in the ArmInfo News Agency database. The M-Info applied direct face-to-face interviewing method among the sample of 1282 respondents. The main research instrument for the survey was a standardized questionnaire, which was jointly reviewed and approved by relevant counterparts of the OSCE Office in Yerevan and the Project Coordinator of the Minfo. The specific objectives of the Public opinion survey were: Evaluate the Public opinion about the Police; Identify the perceived shortcomings in the Police-Public relationship; Identify the Public attitude towards the Police; Reveal the efficiency of the Police work in Yerevan; Determine the strong aspects of the Police activities that form its positive reputation; Determine the weak points of the Police activities that form its negative reputation; Define the priorities for the further improvement of the activities and reputation etc. Details: Yerevan, Armenia: OSCE, 2010. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 12, 2016 at: http://www.osce.org/yerevan/68209?download=true Year: 2010 Country: Armenia Keywords: Police Integrity Shelf Number: 118823 |
Author: International Drug Policy Consortium Title: 10 Years of Drug Policy in Asia: How Far Have We Come? A Civil Society Shadow Report Summary: Countries in Asia implement some of the harshest drug policies in the world. As United Nations (UN) member states are set to meet in March 2019 to take stock of progress made since 2009 and delineate the next phase for global drug policy, '10 Years of Drug Policy in Asia: How Far Have We Come?' evaluates the impacts of drug policies in Asia over the past decade from a civil society perspective. The critical role of civil society in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of drug policies is acknowledged in the 2009 Political Declaration and Plan of Action, as well as in the Outcome Document of the 2016 United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs. Using data from the UN, academic literature and contributions from civil society, this report aims to provide a critical assessment of drug policy failures and successes across the region, with the aim of informing high-level discussions on the next decade of drug policy. Details: London: IDPC, 2019. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 5, 2019 at: https://idhdp.com/media/532117/10-year-review_asia.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Armenia Keywords: Drug Abuse and Addiction Shelf Number: 154811 |