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burundi

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Author: Pezard, Stephanie

Title: Insecurity is Also a War: An Assessment of Armed Violence in Burundi

Summary: The various forms of armed violence encountered in Burundi are not uncommon in post-conflict countries that have not yet completed the transition to peace. In Burundi, the most frequently observed type of armed violence is linked to banditry. Of those interviewed for this report, 88.4 percent cited armed robbery and burglary as the most common acts of armed violence in their neighborhood.

Details: Geneva: Geneva Declaration Secretariat, 2009. 184p.

Source:

Year: 2009

Country: Burundi

Keywords: Armed Robbery

Shelf Number: 118292


Author: Ball, Nicole

Title: From Quick Wins to Long-Term Profits? Developing Better Approaches to Support Security and Justice Engagements in Fragile States: Burundi Case Study

Summary: As part of its ongoing work on developing better approaches to support security and justice engagements in fragile states, INCAF commissioned a study of security and justice programming in Burundi. The overall program of work seeks to develop operational advice on how four key challenges can be addressed by incorporating key elements of process into programming: 1) getting to grips with the politics of ownership, 2) identifying results that matter, 3) establishing monitoring mechanisms that drive real-time program development and resource allocation and 4) ensuring that suitable management structures drive programs. The program also seeks to demonstrate to senior international decision makers how “domestic” imperatives (political and organizational) can be combined with the requirements for effective engagement in long and uncertain transformational security and justice change processes.

Details: Washington, DC: Center for International Policy, 2012. 76p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2012 at: http://www.ciponline.org/images/uploads/publications/290312_Report_SJ_Burundi_final.pdf

Year: 2012

Country: Burundi

Keywords: Criminal Justice Reform

Shelf Number: 126735


Author: Matthysen, Ken

Title: Review of the Burundian Artisanal Gold Mining Sector

Summary: BGR commissioned PAC in partnership with IPIS to implement the assignment 'Outreach & Research on Responsible Engagement in the Burundian Gold Sector'. The assignment's overarching objective was to constructively engage relevant stakeholders associated with the Burundian mining sector including, in particular, the gold sector, as well as the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) on the subject of due diligence and responsible mining and sourcing practices in support of the implementation of the Regional Initiative against the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources (RINR) and the recommendations of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance. To meet the overall project objectives, three sets of services were rendered from July 2014 to April 2015: The facilitation and organization of training and discussion workshops on supply chain due diligence as applicable in the Burundian context and including a national stakeholder analysis1; research and analysis of the Burundian gold sector; and, research on contraband gold (in-region cross-border and out-region); this report has been developed as the second deliverable listed above. It aims to review the context of the gold sector (mines and supply chains) in Burundi with a special focus on the artisanal nature of the sector. While it is known to host significant undeveloped Nickel resources possibly amenable to industrial mining, Burundi does not hold a deeply rooted tradition of mining, as opposed to its neighbours. Nevertheless, already during colonial times artisanal mining was practised in the country, supported by small Belgian mining enterprises. Gold, cassiterite, coltan and rare earths were the main products of these mining activities. The magnitude of Burundi's mining sector is minor compared to that of neighbouring countries. Just a simple comparison of the estimated number of artisanal miners illustrates the difference: While Burundi holds an estimated 10,000 artisanal miners working in gold and the 3T sector, there are an estimated 35,000 Rwandan 3T miners, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Tanzania hundreds of thousands of people are digging for various minerals, in particular gold, 3Ts and diamonds. Nevertheless, Burundi's geographical position does allocate it an important role with regards to regional gold trade and smuggling, and it is located in a geologically favourable metallogenic zone. In 2013, the country officially exported 2.8 tons of gold, which are believed to originate to a large extent from eastern DRC, but include a subordinate national production component of ca. 0.5 tons. Corresponding gold export values at USD 106 million in 2012 and USD 120 million in 2013 make gold the most significant Burundian export for these years. However, the relevance of the mining sector to the national economy is still rather limited. Mining accounted for less than 1% of Burundis Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2012, while subsistence agriculture accounts for more than 40% of the country's GDP and employs more than 90% of its population. On top of that, despite the considerable export values, fiscal revenues from the mining sector represent a mere 0.3% of the country's fiscal revenues. Nevertheless, over the last decade, Burundi's government has recognised that the artisanal mining sector is an important employer to many people and offers alternative livelihood options. It therefore considers the sector as a potentially important instrument for economic growth, poverty reduction and local development. As such, Burundi's artisanal mining and trading sector, dominated by gold, represents both a national development opportunity as well as a regionally relevant area to employ adequate supply chain due diligence in order to mitigate conflict risks through artisanal gold supply chains originating in the eastern DRC. This report represents a baseline review of the sector and its governance, largely based on literature research, including reports from international organisations, Burundian government sources, national and international civil society actors, and academics. A detailed list of all the sources used for the development of this report can be found in the bibliography at the end of this paper. Furthermore, a range of interviews were carried out in September 2014 in Bujumbura. To contextualize this review, the report draws on the experience of IPIS in neighbouring countries of the region, notably its multi-year efforts in mapping the eastern DRC's artisanal mining sector. Following on the introduction, Chapter 2 analyses the regulatory framework that is currently in place to manage Burundi' (gold) mining sector. Next, Chapter 3 analyses artisanal mining governance in the country. Several aspects will be discussed, including the institutional framework, the issue of decentralisation, formalisation efforts, taxation and mineral traceability efforts, and these are put into the regional perspective as well. Chapter 4 discusses the private actors that are involved in Burundi's gold mining sector. Subsequently, Chapter 5 deals with Burundi's artisanal gold supply chain in more detail. It will discuss, in turn, artisanal gold exploitation, selected environmental and socio-economic issues, and the gold trade. Finally, Chapter 6 provides concluding remarks based on the findings of the previous four chapters.

Details: Antwerpen: International Peace Information Services (IPIS), 2015. 61p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2016 at: http://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2015_04_Review-of-the-Burundian-Artisanal-Gold-Mining-Sector.pdf

Year: 2015

Country: Burundi

Keywords: Gold Mining

Shelf Number: 144804


Author: Bouka, Yolande

Title: Analysing post-transition violence in Burundi

Summary: The current crisis has turned out to be the most serious since the end of the transition, but its evolution is by no means unique in Burundian history, either in the scale of the violence or the mode of repression. In fact, since the end of the country’s political transition, Burundi's political and security trajectory has continued to exhibit the cyclical patterns of repression and political violence that have plagued the country since independence.

Details: Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2016. 16p.

Source: Internet Resource: Central Africa Report Issue 6: Accessed December 19, 2016 at: https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/CentralAfricaReportNo6.pdf

Year: 2016

Country: Burundi

Keywords: Conflict Violence

Shelf Number: 140525