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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:07 pm
guinea
Time: 8:07 pm
guinea
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34 total results foundAuthor: Environmental Justice Foundation Title: Party to Plunder: Illegal Fishing in Guinea and its Links to the EU Summary: In addition to a plethora of earlier international commitments, in November 2005, the UN General Assembly called on States to prohibit their vessels to engage in fishing on the high seas or in areas under the national jurisdiction of other States unless authorized by those States and to deter their nationals from reflagging their ships. The Assembly also called on flag and port States to prevent the operation of substandard vessels and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities and ensure that vessels flying their flags did not engage in transshipping fish caught illegally (www.un.org). Illegal fishing by foreign trawlers in Guinea’s coastal zone is widespread and increasing, despite the attention that has been focussed on illegal fishing by the international community in recent years. Marine resources and the coastal communities that depend upon them are suffering from unsustainable fishing activities, including massive bycatch and discards, problems that are being significantly compounded by the presence of illegal fishing vessels. Illegal fishing is aided by the widespread use of flags of convenience that are used to conceal the identity of the true beneficial vessel owners. Various tactics are used to confuse the identity of fishing vessels, including multiple vessel names and frequent changes in name and registry. Penalising wrongdoers can therefore be very difficult, and penalties do not in many cases serve as sufficient deterrent given the lucrative gains to be made from illegal fishing. Some of the vessels arrested by Guinean authorities have been seen in Las Palmas, Spain, suggesting that illegal fish is being marketed in the European Community. Once the fish has been landed in Las Palmas, it is extremely difficult to track it to its final market destination. There are significant problems in the traceability of fish within the EU to ensure that illegally-caught fish does not enter the marketplace. Guinea has serious problems in keeping these illegally operating vessels at bay, given their lack of logistical and financial resources. A unique and novel experimental method has been tried in recent years by integrating artisanal fishermen in the surveillance system. Despite its promising beginning, the programme is currently facing difficulties and international support is decreasing. Regional efforts and cooperation need to be enhanced in order to ensure that enforcement efforts in one area do not result in displacement of illegal activity to more remote areas where surveillance is lacking. The European Union, as a major market for Guinean fish and an important partner though its bilateral fisheries agreement, has an important role to play. Crucially, the EU must take steps to ensure that it does not facilitate or promote IUU fishing in Guinea, by examining traceability from the sea to the marketplace; ensuring that fishing agreements promote sustainable and legal fisheries; remedying the role of Las Palmas in IUU fishing; and the involvement of EU nationals and associated companies in undertaking IUU fishing in Guinea and elsewhere in the region. Details: London: Environmental Justice Foundation, 2005. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 22, 2013 at: http://www.imcsnet.org/imcs/docs/party_to_the_plunder_guinea.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Guinea Keywords: Illegal Fishing (Guinea) Shelf Number: 128074 |
Author: Anyimadu, Adjoa Title: Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea: Lessons Learned from the Indian Ocean Summary: As rates of piracy emanating from Somalia's coast fall, international attention is shifting towards insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea - the waters off Africa's west coast. Maritime crimes including oil-bunkering, drug-trafficking and illegal fishing are of economic and security concern to the wider international community as well as to local states. There are a number of critical differences between maritime insecurity off Africa's east and west coasts, but the Gulf of Guinea's littoral states and stakeholders further afield can draw valuable lessons from the experience of combating Somali piracy to help shape their responses to West Africa's maritime threats. Early action by policy-makers - regionally and further afield - could do much to ensure that criminality does not evolve and increase to an unmanageable extent. Those who commit illegal acts at sea are highly adaptable, increasingly sophisticated in their methods and often well informed, and so local, regional and global efforts must be flexible and proactive. Timing is especially important, as a number of West African states will go to the polls in 2015, presenting an unprecedented challenge to the region's security and stability and risking maritime security slipping down the agenda. Details: London: Chatham House, 2013. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Africa 2013/02: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Africa/0713pp_maritimesecurity_0.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Guinea Keywords: Drug Trafficking Shelf Number: 129892 |
Author: Ghosh, P.K. Title: Waiting to Explode: Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea Summary: Till the early 1980s, piracy was often dismissed as being "archaic Tand folklore of the past", rarely entering the main maritime discourse. But true to its nature, 'modern' piracy has emerged with a vengeance in many hotspots of the world. Modern piracy is an extremely complex problem that is often the manifestation of various socio-political dynamics of a particular area. Each area has its own unique methodology of piracy that is often different from other regions. In an attempt to fully understand the intricacies of piracy, different methodologies can be adopted. While some experts follow the geographic classification, others prefer categorising according to the intensity of attacks or the differing rationale behind such attacks. The most commonly accepted method is geographic classification, i.e. where the attacks take place. It has been noticed that pirates operating in a particular area naturally fellow certain ethos and a distinct methodology. Thus, there is the overarching 'Asian Piracy', which has various subtypes depending on the precise area of operation. This includes Malaccan piracy, once rife in the Strait of Malacca, which has now waned due to combined multi-pronged response strategies by the bordering States of Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. Piracy in the South China Sea is similar to Malaccan piracy in many ways. The Bangladeshi variety, occurring mainly off Chittagong, and the Indian variety, off the eastern and the western coasts, are similar and often amount to petty theft. They can be termed as armed robbery occurring near the coast. While media hype has riveted global attention on piracy emanating from the failed state of Somalia (and the semi-autonomous state of Puntland), piracy elsewhere has not received the attention it deserves. Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, on the western side of Africa, has often been glossed over by the world at large even though it is rising exponentially and is considered more violent and complex than piracy in the Indian Ocean. The reason for this lack of focus could be that, unlike in the Gulf of Guinea, Somalian piracy affects a larger number of shipping companies and their merchant ships. The keen interest of affected countries is evident from the large military presence in the Horn of Africa coupled with a demand for greater synergy between the myriad task forces and respective navies. No such intense international effort is visible in the Gulf of Guinea although the situation is equally grave with oil supplies being affected and heightened chances of attacks taking place. This paper aims to analyse the reasons for the rise of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, its characteristics, the primary drivers for the growing menace and international responses; it also compares the differences in modus operandi between Gulf of Guinea and Somalian piracy. Finally, the paper suggests a set of recommendations on how to overcome the problem given the constraints of the prevailing atmospherics. Details: New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation, 2013. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 16, 2017 at: http://cf.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/OccasionalPaper_46.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Guinea Keywords: Maritime Crime Shelf Number: 146976 |
Author: Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) Title: Party to the Plunder: Illegal Fishing in Guinea and its links to the EU Summary: - Illegal fishing by foreign trawlers in Guinea's coastal zone is widespread and increasing, despite the attention that has been focussed on illegal fishing by the international community in recent years. - Marine resources and the coastal communities that depend upon them are suffering from unsustainable fishing activities, including massive bycatch and discards, problems that are being significantly compounded by the presence of illegal fishing vessels. - Illegal fishing is aided by the widespread use of flags of convenience that are used to conceal the identity of the true beneficial vessel owners. Various tactics are used to confuse the identity of fishing vessels, including multiple vessel names and frequent changes in name and registry. Penalising wrongdoers can therefore be very difficult, and penalties do not in many cases serve as sufficient deterrent given the lucrative gains to be made from illegal fishing. - Some of the vessels arrested by Guinean authorities have been seen in Las Palmas, Spain, suggesting that illegal fish is being marketed in the European Community. Once the fish has been landed in Las Palmas, it is extremely difficult to track it to its final market destination. There are significant problems in the traceability of fish within the EU to ensure that illegally-caught fish does not enter the marketplace. - Guinea has serious problems in keeping these illegally operating vessels at bay, given their lack of logistical and financial resources. A unique and novel experimental method has been tried in recent years by integrating artisanal fishermen in the surveillance system. Despite its promising beginning, the programme is currently facing difficulties and international support is decreasing. - Regional efforts and cooperation need to be enhanced in order to ensure that enforcement efforts in one area do not result in displacement of illegal activity to more remote areas where surveillance is lacking. - The European Union, as a major market for Guinean fish and an important partner though its bilateral fisheries agreement, has an important role to play. Crucially, the EU must take steps to ensure that it does not facilitate or promote IUU fishing in Guinea, by examining traceability from the sea to the marketplace; ensuring that fishing agreements promote sustainable and legal fisheries; remedying the role of Las Palmas in IUU fishing; and the involvement of EU nationals and associated companies in undertaking IUU fishing in Guinea and elsewhere in the region. Details: London: EJF, 2005. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2018 at: https://ejfoundation.org/resources/downloads/party-to-the-plunder.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Guinea Keywords: Fishing Industry Shelf Number: 149416 |
Author: Ukeje, Charles Title: African Approaches to Maritime Security - The Gulf of Guinea Summary: This study evaluates the relevance and impacts of country-level, regional, and trans-regional initiatives already undertaken to tackle maritime security in the GGG, given that insecurity on the seas increasingly portend grave danger to stability and prosperity for countries in the regions. Details: Abuja, Nigeria: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2013. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed Dec. 11, 2018 at: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/nigeria/10398.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Guinea Keywords: Maritime Crime Shelf Number: 153957 |
Author: Balogun, Wasiu Abiodun Title: Crude oil theft, petrol-piracy and illegal trade in fuel:an enterprise-value chain perspective of energy-maritime crime in the Gulf of Guinea Summary: he Gulf of Guinea (GoG) has developed into a global energy-maritime crime hotspot, with Nigeria being the epicentre of illegal oil-related maritime activities in the region. For several decades, scholars have sought to justify crude oil theft, petro-piracy and illegal fuel trade especially in the waters of Nigeria, in the context of greed-grievance. While that approach provides a basis for understanding the realities of illegal energy-maritime activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, it does little to explain how the illicit activities have evolved into a global enterprise it is today, the dynamics of the business and the infrastructure that sustain the criminality. Against the backdrop of this limitation in existing theoretical underpinning of illegal energy-maritime activities in the GoG, this study adopts an enterprise-value chain model which, moving beyond the greed-grievance narrative, emphasises the primacy of both the enterprise and the marketplace (not players in the market) in explaining, and understanding the dynamics, complexities and persistence of crude oil theft, petro-piracy and illegal fuel trade in the GoG. The enterprise-value chain approach as adopted in the study, offers an advantage of interdisciplinary perspective, combining Smith's enterprise theory of crime and Porter's business management concept of value chain to understanding energy-maritime criminality in the GoG. The enterprise-value chain model sees the tripod of crude oil theft, petro-piracy and illegal trade in fuel as an organised crime; a well-structured economic activity whose business philosophy hinges on the provision of illegal goods and services. Such activities exist because the legitimate marketplace has limited capacity to meet the needs of potential customers. Within the enterprise-value chain framework, the study identifies, and analyses the dynamics of overlap, cooperation and conflict among the different players in the illegal energy-maritime industry as well as mutually beneficial relationships between formal and informal energy-maritime economies. Such an overlap is critical to understanding both the nature of the business and its sustaining value chain. The study concludes that current energy-maritime security architecture in the Gulf of Guinea does not capture the organised, enterprise nature of illicit offshore and onshore activities and its sustaining value chain, which highlights its inherent limitation viz-a-viz the region-s quest for energy-maritime security. There is therefore an urgent need to address this seeming gap as it determines significantly how the phenomenon is considered both for academic purposes and public policy. It is this obvious gap in both academic literature and policy on maritime security in the GoG that this study intends to fill. The study, in the context of its theoretical framework, develops a business approach to enhancing energy-maritime security in the GoG. Details: Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University, 2018. 313p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed February 19, 2019 at: http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/129813/ Year: 2018 Country: Guinea Keywords: Crime Hotspots Shelf Number: 154670 |
Author: Lopez-Lucia, Elisa Title: Fragility, Conflict and Violence in the Gulf of Guinea Summary: The Gulf of Guinea is rich in oil and gas, and a major international trade route. While oil wealth in the context of weak governance and under-development is creating tensions leading to criminality and violence, high geostrategic stakes provide the incentives for national, regional and international actors to seek solutions. This rapid literature review analyses the causes, dynamics and responses to maritime security issues in three concentrated areas: the Niger Delta, the Bakassi peninsula and along the West African coast between Nigeria and Cote d’Ivoire. It shows that the many actors who are either directly involved in or enabling criminality in the region maintain complex relationships. The main structural causes driving maritime insecurity are closely linked to the fragility of GoG states: oil wealth in the context of weak governance and under-development creates tensions that lead to criminality and violence. These factors interact with proximate causes such as weak law enforcement and transnational trafficking, creating a self-reinforcing nexus among state fragility, criminality and violence. The Niger Delta appears to be the epicentre of violence, from which criminality and violence is radiating to Nigeria’s neighbours. National, regional and international responses tend to focus on the symptoms of maritime security with initiatives building the weak law enforcement capacities of GoG states and developing regional cooperation and coordination. These do not address the root causes that create incentives for people to get involved in criminal activities. It is suggested that these responses are driven by international partners protecting their oil and economic interests in the region, rather than national agendas focused on the challenges and needs of coastal communities. Recommendations from the literature: - Continue to improve the law enforcement capacities of GoG states - Continue to develop regional cooperation between the Economic Community of West African States, the Gulf of Guinea Commission, and the Economic Community of Central African States - Address root causes - on-shore governance and development problems - with greater involvement from private actors, particularly CSOs - Enable the agenda on maritime security issues to be driven by locally defined priorities and needs. Details: Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 21, 2019 at: https://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/FragilityGulfGuinea.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Guinea Keywords: Africa Shelf Number: 155130 |