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malawi
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48 total results foundAuthor: Clacherty & Associates Title: Hard Work, Long Hours and Little Pay: Research with Children Working on Tobacco Farms in Malawi Summary: This research on tobacco farms in Malawi reveals that child labourers, some as young as 5, are suffering severe physical symptoms from absorbing up to the equivalent of 50 cigarettes a day through their skin. As the tobacco industry continues to shift its production to developing countries, more vulnerable children are being exposed to these hazardous working conditions. Details: Lilongwe, Malawi: Plan Malawi, 2009. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2011 at: http://plan-international.org/files/global/publications/protection/Plan%20Malawi%20child%20labour%20and%20tobacco%202009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Malawi Keywords: Child Labor (Malawi) Shelf Number: 122090 |
Author: Columbia, Richard H. Title: The Safe Schools Program: Student and Teacher Baseline Report on School-Related Gender-Based Violence in Machinga District, Malawa Summary: This report presents results from a baseline survey that was conducted among school children and teachers in the Machinga District in the Southern Region of Malawi in April 2006. The study was conducted at 40 schools participating in the Safe Schools Program. Selected from a random sample, 800 boys and girls enrolled in grades four to eight and 288 teachers were interviewed. Students and teachers were asked questions about: The type of violence, abuse and mistreatment that boys and girls experience at school; Who is responsible for this mistreatment; Where this mistreatment occurs; If there are other school practices or conditions that are inappropriate, place pupils at risk or potentially interfere with their schooling; and The effectiveness of reporting. In Malawi, gender-based violence is known to be a problem in primary schools, especially for girls. An initial participatory learning and action (PLA) exercise conducted by Safe Schools in 2005 mobilized communities and allowed the Safe Schools Program staff to hear the concerns and experiences of more than 2,000 teachers, parents, school children, community leaders and other stakeholders in the Machinga District. The results of the PLA were then used to design interventions including strengthening and disseminating the teachers' code of conduct, training teachers in non-violent classroom discipline approaches, providing opportunities for children to learn how to build healthy relationships, and training school staff to respond effectively to incidents of violence at school. The results from the PLA were also used to inform the development of the baseline study under discussion in this report. An endline survey will be conducted in 2008 and the results of the two surveys compared to measure project impact. Key findings are: Incidents of sexual, physical and psychological violence and abuse were found at every school. Violence and abuse occurs at schools (classroom and compound), on the way to and from school and in school dormitories. This violence is experienced by both girls and boys, although in most categories girls experience a higher rate of violence and abuse. The perpetrators are both school girls and boys and male and female teachers, although men and boys are most often identified as perpetrators in most categories of violence and abuse. These acts of violence and abuse are not often perceived as a violation of children's rights by school girls and boys, male and female teachers, parents and community members. Students awareness of and/or access to youth-friendly services within the school or community is limited when they experience violence or abuse. In the report that follows, the survey findings are presented and analyzed, followed by a brief discussion on each of the five research questions. Details: Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2007. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 13, 2011 at: http://www.devtechsys.com/assets/Uploads/docs/publications/safe-schools-student-teacher-baseline-report.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Malawi Keywords: Gender Shelf Number: 122731 |
Author: Centre for Educational Research and Trainingand DevTech Systems, Inc. Title: The Safe Schools Program: A Qualitative Study to Examine School-Related Gender-Based Violence in Malawi Summary: The Safe Schools Program (Safe Schools) is a five-year project under the U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, Office of Women in Development. The objective of Safe Schools is to create safe environments for both girls and boys that promote gender-equitable relationships and reduce school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) by working in partnership with children, youth, parents, teachers, schools and communities. This report summarizes the results of the participatory learning and action (PLA) research activity conducted in October and November 2005 to help raise awareness, involvement, and accountability at national, institutional, community and individual levels of SRGBV in the Machinga District in the Southern Region of Malawi. Altogether, 952 pupils participated in the PLA workshops. The focus group discussions included more than 2,000 participants. In addition, 370 key informants including traditional leaders, initiation counselors, members of school management committees and parent teacher associations, head teachers, government Primary Education Advisers, religious leaders, members of the school disciplinary committees (where these existed) and club patrons were interviewed. Details: Washington, DC: United STates Agency for International Development, 2008. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2011 at: http://www.devtechsys.com/assets/Uploads/docs/publications/safe-schools-malawi-qualitative-study.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Malawi Keywords: Gender Shelf Number: 122761 |
Author: Clacherty, Glynis Title: Hard Work, Long Hours and Little Pay: Research with Children Working on Tobacco Farms in Malawi Summary: Malawi has the highest incidence of child labour in southern Africa. 88.9% of the children in the age group 5-14 work in the agricultural sector, where tobacco estates are highly represented. The number of children working on tobacco farms in Malawi has been estimated at 78,000 although the actual number is thought to be much higher. Previous research gives some information on the different activities children are engaged in on tobacco farms, some information about the hazards children face and some understanding of why children are involved in this work. But very little work has been done with children themselves to find out how they experience and understand the work they do or to find out what children see as the best form of intervention. For this reason Plan Malawi decided to undertake this participatory study. The research will be used to inform the work Plan and its partners in Malawi are doing to raise awareness of child labour on tobacco farms, to advocate for changed conditions and to develop interventions for the affected children. The research approach was a participatory one in which 44 children (aged 12-18) from three districts across Malawi (Lilongwe, Kasungu and Mzimba) took part in a series of workshops. All of the children had worked full-time on tobacco farms during the 2007/2008 season. 16 were working full-time on tobacco farms at the time of the research and 18 part-time. The children worked on a range of different farms from large estates to small family farms. All worked outside their own families. Parents and para-civic educators were also consulted. The workshops, which were carefully constructed to take into account ethical issues, included drawing, mapping, storytelling and discussion. All of the discussion was recorded and transcribed and this formed the data which was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings are presented under the set of themes that emerged from the analysis. Details: Lilongwe, Malawi: Plan Malawi, 2009. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 5, 2012 at: http://www.planusa.org/docs/HardWorkLittlePay.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Malawi Keywords: Child Labor (Malawi) Shelf Number: 124848 |
Author: KidsRights Title: Innocence Last: Child Marriage in a Global Context, with a Focus on Malawi Summary: Child marriage, according to international human rights authorities, is defined as any marriage below the age of 18 years. Sometimes involving boys, but mostly girls, it is a global issue which affects children before they are physically or emotionally mature enough to deal with the consequences. The practice violates a host of children's rights including the right to an education and the right to protection from sexual abuse. 14 million girls under 18 get married every year, in some poorest countries of the world. Marriage is seen as the only option for most of these girls, whose families often struggle to pay for their upkeep, and receive a bride wealth on the occasion of their marriage. Young wives must leave school, and often become pregnant, facing the increased risks of mortality and complication that early pregnancy brings. Worldwide, 70,000 girls under 19 die every year in pregnancy or childbirth, and infants born to mothers under 18 are 60% more likely to die in their first year. Malawi has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with one in 36 women dying in pregnancy or childbirth. Malawi has the eighth highest rate of child marriage in the world, with over half of girls marrying under the age of 18. It is one of the world's poorest countries, with 61% of the population living below the poverty line. Despite the Malawian government's efforts to eradicate child marriage through national legislation, the practice continues to be accepted within communities, reinforced by customary laws. Child marriage is almost twice as prevalent in rural areas of the country. The legal minimum age of marriage in Malawi is 18; or 15 with the consent of parents. It is illegal to force any child into marriage, but not technically criminal (just "discouraged") for a child younger than 15 to marry. Children have been known to marry as young as 12 years old. The government of Malawi is currently reviewing its minimum age legislation, and a national debate is taking place about whether the minimum age with parental consent should be raised to 18. Gender inequality is part of the problem in Malawi; girls are at a disadvantage not just at home but also in wider society, where their economic alternatives are extremely limited. Often married to older men, in exchange for a sum of money, young wives are very vulnerable to domestic violence. Education is seen as the most powerful tool in the fight against child marriage. Those girls who stay longer at school improve their economic potential, and are statistically far less likely to marry young. At the moment, only 5% of girls in Malawi complete their secondary education. For child marriage to end, the practice must be kept high on the global human rights agenda. In Malawi, local perceptions of the practice need to change. Girls, their families and their communities must be informed of the risks of early pregnancy, the benefits of an extended education, and the human rights to which all children are entitled. Details: Amsterdam: KidsRights Foundation, 2014. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2014 at: http://www.kidsrights.org/Portals/1/About%20us/KidsRights%20Report%20Malawi%20DEF.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Malawi Keywords: Child Marriage (Malawi) Shelf Number: 133085 |
Author: Waterland, Shelley Title: Illegal Wildlife Trade Review, Malawi Summary: An exponential increase in the scale and nature of the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) globally has left governments, policy makers and conservationists lagging far behind the perpetrators of the crime. In many countries, criminals are shipping enormous quantities of high value products such as ivory, rhino horn and pangolin scales largely untouched by ineffective enforcement efforts. Given significant black market prices for wildlife products, and woeful detection and prosecution rates for wildlife offences, it is not surprising that organised crime networks have turned their attention to IWT. The rewards for wildlife crime, in most cases, far exceed the risks. This situation is true in Malawi, as with several other countries. However, Malawi for a long time has remained largely under the radar of those trying to combat IWT, due to its small size and relatively small numbers of wildlife. This Review of Illegal Wildlife Trade in Malawi used the ICCWC Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit to analyse wildlife crime data, wildlife legislation, enforcement capacity and agencies, judiciary and prosecution services and the drivers of wildlife crime. The findings are comprehensive and show that although Malawi is setting some excellent examples and making some crucial progressive steps - e.g. being signatory to several wildlife conservation Agreements and Declarations and establishing an Inter-Agency Committee on Combating Wildlife Crime (IACCWC) - there is still a long way to go and a lot of work to be done if Malawi is to effectively combat IWT and rid itself of wildlife criminals. Details: Lilongwe, Malawi: Lilongwe Wildlife Trust, 2015. 251p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 1, 2016 at: http://www.lilongwewildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/IWT-Review-Malawi.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Malawi Keywords: Animal Poaching Shelf Number: 139271 |
Author: Mellish, Madison Title: Gender-Based Violence in Malawi: A Literature Review to Inform the National Response Summary: The government of Malawi has taken important actions to address gender-based violence (GBV), recognizing its detrimental impact on the people of Malawi and the progress of the country. The Department of Gender Affairs of the Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare (MoGCDSW) coordinates the national GBV response and is working to strengthen GBV data systems and improve the use of data for GBV policy development and program implementation. In support of this effort, the USAID- and PEPFAR-funded Health Policy Project (HPP) conducted a literature review to identify and synthesize existing studies and key government documents on GBV in Malawi. The literature review focused on the following questions: • What are the various forms of GBV that exist in Malawi, and how prevalent are they? What are the trends? • What is known about GBV among specific populations or in specific settings? • What factors are associated with GBV? • What is the impact of GBV? • What interventions have been undertaken to address GBV and how effective have they been? • What key government documents on GBV exist and what do they say? This literature review provides answers to these questions by compiling information from available published and unpublished sources and presenting it in a succinct format so that researchers and policymakers can familiarize themselves with existing research and key documents, use it to inform policy and program decision making, and build a research agenda and portfolio that targets knowledge strengths and gaps. The review includes 74 documents related to GBV in Malawi. Most focus on various forms of violence experienced by women, including domestic or intimate partner violence (IPV). Several large nationally representative surveys have been conducted, notably the Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys 2004 and 2010, as well as a national GBV study that focused on IPV (Pelser et al., 2005). These provide prevalence estimates for GBV and a wealth of other information on factors associated with GBV experienced by women. Also, a large portion of the reviewed studies and policy documents examined GBV among children. One nationally representative study looked at the prevalence of several forms of violence experienced by school-aged children, both inside and outside the school environment (Burton, 2005). Another looked at experiences of GBV among girls and young women, and focused on educational impact (Bisika et al., 2009). A third nationally representative survey examined prevalence of coerced first sex in Malawi and three other African countries (Moore et al., 2007). About one-third of the reviewed research studies addressed GBV among specific populations, including people living in specific geographic locations, school children, employees, female domestic workers, female university students, prisoners, street children, people living with HIV, women with disabilities, and refugees. A slightly larger number of studies examined knowledge and attitudes related to GBV and other associated factors, including demographics, harmful traditional practices, the school environment, controlling behaviors, and substance use. Several of the reviewed studies examined the impact of GBV in Malawi, focusing on individuals’ health and education, as well as Malawi’s economy. Only a few studies were found that evaluated GBV interventions, despite the fact that many GBV interventions are occurring in Malawi. Summaries of findings from all reviewed studies are included in this report. Details: Washington, DC: Futures Group, Health Policy Project, 2015. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2016 at: http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/436_FINALHPPMalawiGBVLiteratureReview.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Malawi Keywords: Domestic Workers Shelf Number: 144998 |
Author: Southern Africa Litigation Centre Title: No Justice for the Poor: A Preliminary Study of the Law and Practice Relating to Arrests for Nuisance-Related Offences in Blantyre, Malawi Summary: The use of outdated Penal Code provisions and abuses by police against poor persons and sex workers specifically has caused some concern among many working on legal and human rights issues in Malawi. This research emanates from concerns by the Southern African Litigation Centre (SALC) and Centre for Human Rights Education, Advice and Assistance (CHREAA) specifically regarding the use of the Penal Code provisions relating to idle and disorderly persons and rogues and vagabonds in Malawi: 1. The provisions relating to idle and disorderly persons and rogues and vagabonds in the Penal Code are dated and vague in formulation. To apply such offences in their current form is unfair and constitutes an abuse of the rights of those arrested on such charges. 2. Arrests for offences relating to idle and disorderly persons and rogues and vagabonds often violate the requirements for a lawful arrest. In addition, such arrests contribute to overcrowding in police cells and are often used without any consideration of alternatives to an arrest. 3. The arrest of persons for minor nuisance-related offences is often applied disproportionately to the poor in society, who are more likely to be assumed to violate such offences, and are more likely to be found in circumstances that could lead to such arrests and who are less able to assert their rights and access legal support to dispute unlawful arrests. Despite the existence of laws and constitutional provisions which seek to protect rights, little has been done to ascertain the actual experiences of community members, especially of vulnerable groups, when confronted with police enforcement of idle and disorderly and rogue and vagabond offences. As such this research is original, but also shows that further enquiry is needed to determine the impact of these laws on the poor in Malawi. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the extent of police's enforcement of offences relating to idle and disorderly persons and rogues and vagabonds. Research was conducted in Blantyre, Malawi and focused on the arrest practices of Blantyre and Limbe police stations. Over a four month period, the researchers collected information on the number of arrests effected at these police stations for nuisance-related offences. Researchers interviewed ten police officers and five magistrates to understand the reasons for such arrests and the courts' approach to persons who appeared before them on nuisance-related charges. The researchers were aware that sex workers were often targeted by police through the use of offences relating to idle and disorderly persons and rogues and vagabonds. However, the data obtained from police stations did not shed light on the number of such arrests made by police officers. For this reason, the researchers also interviewed fifteen sex workers to better understand their experiences with the police. Details: Johannesburg: The Centre, 2013. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 9, 2017 at: http://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/salc_nojustice_report_proof_05.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Malawi Keywords: Nuisance Behaviors and Disorder Shelf Number: 131175 |
Author: May, Victoria Title: A Review of Wildlife Crime Court Cases in Malawi 2010-2017 Summary: Between 10,000 and 100,000 species are estimated to be going extinct each year, which is around 1,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate . Africa's elephants are declining at catastrophic rates. In 2014, the National Academy of Science in the United States published data showing that c. 40,000 Savannah elephants were poached each year in Africa between 2009 and 2013. At this rate of decline, this iconic species could be extinct in the wild by 2025. In Malawi over 50% of elephants have been lost in the last 25 years, and Kasungu National Park now supports c. 50 elephants down from c. 2,000 in the late 1980s. The illegal trade in ivory is driving the killing of our elephants, and armed criminal gangs now pose a real and immediate threat to our rangers and local communities. The volume of illicit ivory trafficked globally tripled between 1998 and 2011, and more than doubled between 2007 and 2011 . Between 2009 and 2014 there were over 90 seizures of ivory that weighed more than 500 kg, with a total weight of more than 170 tonnes. This included an ivory seizure in my own country in May 2013 of c. 2.6 tonnes. Unfortunately, the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Flora and Fauna (CITES) recently listed Malawi as a country of "primary concern" in terms of elephant ivory trafficking. The same report proclaimed Malawi to be the principal transit hub for illicit ivory in Southern Africa. This is something that we Malawians are fully committed to rectify and we have made some significant steps forwards, including amending and strengthening our principle wildlife legislation and increasing our wildlife crime investigation capacity. However, wildlife poaching and trafficking is no longer solely a wildlife conservation issue and wildlife authorities cannot succeed if they attempt to tackle wildlife crime alone. The illicit ivory trade is a multi-million-dollar criminal enterprise. It spans continents and contributes to the degradation not only of natural environments, but also our communities, rule of law, and security. It is evident that, in terms of crime profits, IWT now ranks alongside trafficking in drugs, arms and humans. So, whilst wildlife poaching and trafficking remain urgent conservation issues, they must also be seen as serious organised crimes that threaten states. A strong response is required, and by all arms of government. This includes wildlife authorities, but also wider law enforcement agencies, legislators and the judiciary. This project is evidence that here in Malawi we are adopting a collaborative inter-agency approach to tackling these serious crime, including the critical engagement of our Judiciary. This report presents legal analysis of all available elephant and rhino crime court cases concluded in Malawi since 2010. It also appraises the impact of courtroom monitoring and public-private prosecution on wildlife crime court outcomes, both of which were introduced in Malawi in July 2016. The purpose of this analysis was to develop a series of recommendations on the management and reporting of wildlife crime. All findings are based on data collected from courts across the country. Details: Lilongwe, Malawi: Lilongwe Wildlife Trust, 2017. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 2, 2018 at: https://www.lilongwewildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/Wildlife-Justice-Report-Final.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Malawi Keywords: Animal Poaching Shelf Number: 148975 |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: "Let Posterity Judge": Violence and Discrimination against LGBT people in Malawi Summary: Criminalization of consensual same-sex conduct in Malawi contributes to an environment in which lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals in Malawi face routine violence and discrimination in almost all aspects of their lives. The government pledged in 2012 to decriminalize same-sex conduct, but has not yet done so. The challenges facing LGBT people in the country have been further exacerbated by the lack of clarity and divergent opinions regarding the legality of a moratorium on arrests and prosecutions for consensual homosexual acts, issued in 2012 by the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs. Based on interviews with 45 LGBT individuals in Lilongwe and Blantyre, "Let Posterity Judge," documents the human rights impact of criminalization of adult consensual same-sex conduct on the lives of LGBT people in Malawi and finds that police often arbitrarily arrest and detain transgender people, and in some cases, physically assault them. Private individuals take advantage of the uncertain legal status of LGBT people to attack them with impunity, while health care providers frequently discriminate against them on the grounds of sexual orientation. Human Rights Watch calls on the government of Malawi to abide by its 2012 commitment to decriminalize consensual same-sex conduct, and on parliament to repeal all the anti-homosexuality provisions in the penal code. Details: New York: HRW, 2018. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2018 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/malawi1018_lgbt_web2.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Malawi Keywords: Bias Shelf Number: 153239 |