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Date: April 18, 2024 Thu
Time: 5:28 pm
morocco
Time: 5:28 pm
morocco
Results for morocco
28 total results foundAuthor: Doctors Without Borders Title: Violence, Vulnerability and Migration: Trapped at the Gates of Europe. A report on the situation of sub-Saharan migrants in an irregular situation in Morocco Summary: Over the last ten years, as the European Union (EU) has tightened its border controls and increasingly externalised its migration policies, Morocco has changed from being just a transit country for migrants en route to Europe to being both a transit and destination country by default. MSF’s experience demonstrates that the longer sub-Saharan migrants stay in Morocco the more vulnerable they become. This preexisting vulnerability, related to factors such as age and gender, as well as traumas experienced during the migration process, accumulates as they are trapped in Morocco and subjected to policies and practices that neglect, exclude and discriminate against them. MSF’s data demonstrates that the precarious living conditions that the majority of sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco are forced to live in and the wide-spread institutional and criminal violence that they are exposed to continue to be the main factors influencing medical and psychological needs. MSF teams have repeatedly highlighted and denounced this situation, yet violence remains a daily reality for the majority of sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco. In fact, as this report demonstrates, the period since December 2011 has seen a sharp increase in abuse, degrading treatment and violence against sub-Saharan migrants by Moroccan and Spanish security forces. This report also reveals the widespread violence carried out by criminal gangs, including bandits and human smuggling and human trafficking networks. It provides a glimpse into the shocking levels of sexual violence that migrants are exposed to throughout the migration process and demands better assistance and protection for those affected. These unacceptable levels of violence should not overshadow the achievements that have been made in recognition and respect for sub-Saharan migrants’ right to health over the last ten years. Progress has been made, however considerable challenges remain, particularly with regard to non-emergency, secondary care, care for people with mental health problems and protection and assistance for survivors of sexual violence. Further investment and reform of the healthcare system is needed, however the impact of the progress made to date and any future reforms will be limited unless concrete action is taken to address the discrepancy between European and Moroccan policies which view migration through a security prism and criminalise, marginalise and discriminate against sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco and those which protect and uphold their fundamental human rights. This report highlights the medical and psychological consequences of this approach and the cumulative vulnerability of the significant numbers of sub-Saharan migrants who are trapped in Morocco. In doing so it calls, once again, on the Moroccan authorities to respect their international and national commitments to human rights, develop and implement protection mechanisms and ensure that sub- Saharan migrants are treated in a humane and dignified manner, no matter what their legal status. Details: Geneva, SWIT: Doctors Without Borders, 2013. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2013 at: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2013/Trapped_at_the_Gates_of_Europe.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Morocco Keywords: Border Patrol Shelf Number: 128194 |
Author: van Uhm, Daan Title: The illegal trade in Barbary macaques Summary: While Morocco is well known as the main port between Africa and the EU for the illegal drugs trade and migration, the illegal trade in wildlife is flourishing as well. Next to the illegal large-scale trafficking of tortoises and birds, it is estimated that as few as 5,000 Barbary macaques remain in Morocco, partly as a result of the illegal trade. Moreover, the Barbary macaque is the most seized CITES mammal in the EU, accounting for almost 25% of live mammal-related seizures. Of all the confiscations of illegal shipments with Barbary macaques, 90% originate from Morocco and are confiscated in Spain due to a lack of CITES documentation. Although it was believed that the trade was loosely based on the tourist industry, a high degree of (criminal) organization has been found in this study on the illegal trade in Barbary macaques. Sophisticated methods combined with high profits and large ordered numbers of Barbary macaques, coordinated by well-organised, semi-loose networks characterize this type of crime. Details: Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, 2014. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2016 at: http://www.lav.it/cpanelav/js/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/files/files/Report-_Illegal_trade_in_Barbary_macaques.%20pdf.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Morocco Keywords: Illegal Wildlife Trade Shelf Number: 139118 |
Author: van Lavieren, Els Title: The illegal trade in the Moroccan Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) and the impact on the wild population Summary: An increase in the numbers of young wild caught Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) being smuggled from Morocco to Europe has been noticed in the last decade by organisations involved in the seizure and shelter of this specific species. Little is known on the extent of this trade and its impact on the wild population. Research was conducted on the profile of the consumers, the reasons for buying a macaque, the numbers of macaques coming into Europe and on issues related to the shelter of seized macaques. Market surveys and field surveys in the Middle Atlas mountains were conducted in Morocco, to find out factual information on trade routes, prices and sex of macaques, the profile of the consumers and vendors, the quantity of the demand, the capture methods and the smuggle routes and practices. An estimated 300 or more macaques are annually captured and smuggled to Europe. The impact on the population was calculated using a model for maximum sustainable off-take. It is clear that the numbers of animals captured exceed sustainability. Mainly European Moroccans buy macaques to be held as pets, to be used as guard animals or take part in animal fights. Some macaques are used to smuggle drugs into Europe. In France, the problem is the most severe. Taking a macaque through customs into Europe is relatively easy. Once in Europe, many macaques are euthanized due to lack of shelter. In Morocco, the trade in macaques is common practice, and many people are aware of or take part in the trade. The Moroccan Forestry department claims that the macaques are responsible for the destruction of the cedar forests and believe that their numbers have increased over the last decade. Scientists however claim that the wild population is decreasing rapidly, and that the cedar forest destruction is mainly due to uncontrolled grazing of livestock. As a result of this research, recommendations are made for future action to tackle the trade. Details: Oxford, UK: Oxford Brookes University, 2004. 63p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 20, 2016 at: http://mpcfoundation.nl/site/wp-content/uploads/Thesis-Illegal-trade-in-Barbary-macaques-2004-EvL.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Morocco Keywords: Illegal Wildlife Trade Shelf Number: 139119 |
Author: Blickman, Tom Title: Morocco and Cannabis: Reduction, containment or acceptance Summary: This policy briefing discusses whether or not the aim of reducing cannabis cultivation is realistic or beneficial for Morocco, what it would actually mean for the major production area the Rif - one of the poorest, most densely populated and environmentally fragile regions in the country - and what that could imply for meaningful sustainable development. The briefing will give some historical background, discuss developments in the cannabis market, and highlight environmental and social consequences as well as the recent debate about regulation in Morocco and about European policies. KEY POINTS - Morocco continues to be the world's largest producer of cannabis resin (hashish). Over the past 50 years, the Moroccan cannabis growers shown a remarkable resilience to government attempts to eradicate or reduce cannabis cultivation as well as a noteworthy ability to adapt to changing international market conditions. - Since Morocco's independence the government has practiced a policy of containment regarding cannabis cultivation, allowing no new areas but tacitly allowing those already in production to be maintained. - The rapid increase in illicit cannabis cultivation in the Rif during the last decades, as well as poor soil conservation practices, have taken a heavy toll on the Rif's already threatened forests and fragile ecosystems. - The unregulated cannabis market in Morocco has negative social consequences. Some 48,000 growers have arrest warrants hanging over their heads, which is a source of corruption and repression. An amnesty and decriminalization could be effective measures to diminish negative social consequences and open the debate about regulation. - Cannabis farmers in Morocco should have access to emerging legally regulated cannabis markets that are gaining ground worldwide. The challenge is to find a sustainable development model that includes cannabis cultivation in Morocco, instead of excluding cannabis and ignoring the realities of more than 50 years of failed attempts to eradicate the only viable economic option in the region. Details: Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 2017. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Drug Policy Briefing, no. 49: Accessed April 6, 2017 at: https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/dpb_49_eng_web.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Morocco Keywords: Cannabis Shelf Number: 144730 |
Author: Lahlou, Mehdi Title: Migration Dynamics in Play in Morocco: Trafficking and Political Relationships and Their Implications at the Regional Level Summary: In 2018, Morocco became the first country of departure for migrants from Africa, as Spain became, simultaneously, the most important gateway to Europe during the same year. For Spain, this development revived fears generated by the events of autumn 2005, when hundreds of migrants breached, for the first time, the security fences between its cities in the North of Africa (Ceuta and Melilla) and the rest of Morocco. It also recalled the arrival of 32,000 migrants, primarily from Mauritania and Senegal, in the Canary Islands from May to September 2006. In that sense, the history of irregular migration between Africa and Europe seems to have been repeated since the beginning of the current century. Thus, the recent migration trends in the western Mediterranean indicate that, even if Morocco does everything it can and collaborates fully with European migration policy, as is the case today, these actions will not reduce irregular migration to the northern shores of the Mediterranean - and stop all the trafficking it induces - unless a new approach to security, economic and social conditions is adopted in the countries of departure. The management of migration from Africa needs to be conducted as part of a global, coherent and multilateral approach. Migration policies led by the European Union as well as the Maghreb countries must be implemented in close partnership with sub-Saharan countries of departure. Such cooperation must include not only the signing of readmission agreements with every African country from which the migrants depart, but also smart development plans to reduce the level of emigration. Moreover, in regard to migration via the southern coast of Spain, it seems clear that without effective Moroccan-Algerian cooperation, Morocco's eastern border will continue to experience high migratory pressure, even if the two countries complete the "walls of protection" they started building years ago between their respective territories. And that pressure will necessarily be borne by Spain and the rest of Europe. Details: Florence, Italy: Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture, 2018. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 20, 2019 at: https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/menara_wp_26.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Morocco Keywords: Border Security Shelf Number: 156531 |