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Date: April 20, 2024 Sat
Time: 1:14 am
slovenia
Time: 1:14 am
slovenia
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10 total results foundAuthor: Pajnik, Mojca Title: Prostitution and Human Trafficking: Gender, Labor and Migration Aspects Summary: Discussing prostitution and human trafficking today means confronting dominant perceptions. In western societies striving to enhance economic efficiency, these either perpetuate the neo-capitalist idea of free choice, or take over the victimization argument which presumably makes obvious the need for “fight and prevention policies” in prostitution or human trafficking. This book problematizes the dominant representations and ideologization of these phenomena, trying to offer new avenues of thought and action. We start from the thesis that one-sided definitions of prostitution, either as the selling of a body identical to any other service provided for money or as a priori violence against women, are inappropriate. While one-sided definitions indeed draw attention to particular dimensions of prostitution, by not taking into account the diversity or the contrasting character of prostitution, they also help create the onesided social construction of prostitution. In this book we argue beyond binary logic and take into account many realities of women and men involved in prostitution and human trafficking. We argue that a dualist understanding is inappropriate because, among other things, it excludes marginalized phenomena in prostitution, for example, male prostitution with women as clients , same-sex and transgender prostitution. Above all, it does not encompass the heterogeneity of experiences and, as the historical comparisons show, it does not introduce any novelty into the public arena. In our analysis we regard prostitution as a form of work which may involve exploitation based on gender differences, or master-slave relations in the case of human trafficking . At the same time, we take into account the possibility that women and men in prostitution are not a priori victims of human trafficking and that a woman is not necessarily an object of sexual consumption. Starting from these premises, we study prostitution by thematizing its various aspects, including work, non-work, women’s work and the sex industry . In so doing, we also identify relational links between prostitution and human trafficking. In this book, gender is not absolutized, nor is sexual orientation presupposed. When thematizing gender we avoid essentialism, while concluding that both prostitution and human trafficking are characterized by unequal relationships and discrimination based on gender differences, and that they are also a consequence of hetero-normativism. Since throughout this text prostitution and human trafficking are considered with gender differences in mind, we mainly refer to female prostitutes or women in prostitution. When we want to refer to male prostitution , or homosexual and heterosexual prostitution, we use the appropriate gender attribute. This form is most frequently used in the chapter on sex work and self-organization of persons in prostitution. In conducting this study, we were also interested in how “outside” observers who do not have direct experience with prostitution or human trafficking perceive the two phenomena. We employed a public opinion survey to find out what men in Slovenia thought about human trafficking and prostitution. According to the rare studies which examined the demand, the clients for sexual services are mainly men. Taking this into account, we conceptualized our study in such a way that it describes in detail the attitude of men towards prostitution. In focusing on male clients for sexual services and male respondents in our public opinion survey we do not wish to prejudice the readers that women do not buy sexual services, nor do we want to suggest that their opinions are less important. Details: Ljubljana, Slovenia: Mirovni Institut, Institute for Contemporary Social and Political Studies, 2008. 154p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 21, 2012 at http://www.mirovni-institut.si/data/tinymce/Publikacije/Prostitucija/MI_politike_prostitution_ENG_final_lowres.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Slovenia Keywords: Human Trafficking Shelf Number: 124215 |
Author: Zimic, Simona Zavratnik Title: Where in the Puzzle : Trafficking from, to and through Slovenia : Assesment Study Summary: Slovenia is mostly a transit country for victims of trafficking but is becoming more frequently a destination country, and in some cases also a country of origin. The aim of this research is to reflect a real picture of the scope of trafficking in Slovenia, to identify gaps in knowledge and counter-trafficking activities, and to establish how these gaps should be filled. Details: Ljubljana : International Organization for Migration, 2003. 90p. Source: Year: 2003 Country: Slovenia Keywords: Human Trafficking (Slovenia) Shelf Number: 105816 |
Author: Mavcic, Arne Marjan Title: Thematic Study on Child Trafficking: Slovenia Summary: Slovenian legislation fully complies with the international obligations against trafficking in children. Trafficking in human beings was introduced into the Kazenski zakonik [Penal Code] as a newly-defined criminal offence in 2004. Other provisions which directly or indirectly relate to trafficking in human beings, and children more specifically, include Article 387 Placing in a condition of slavery, Article 185 Abuse of prostitution, Article 187 Presentation and manufacturing of pornographic materials and Article 311 Prohibited crossing of state borders. There is no difference in the criminalisation of trafficking between countries or within a country. The principle of the child’s best interest is well established. Article 16 of the Zakon o mednarodni zašctit [International Protection Act] explicitly requires the authorities which decide on international protection (asylum, refugee status etc.) for a minor to respect the principle of the child’s best interests. The principle is set out or implemented in a number of statutory provisions. Since 2004 Slovenia has had a National Action Plan against trafficking in human beings in general, i.e. without a special focus on children. Its objective is to define key counter-trafficking activities to be implemented within a period of two consecutive years. It comprises the following elements: legislation on the investigation and prosecution of criminal offences related to trafficking in human beings, prevention, i.e. awareness-raising and research activity, assistance to and protection of trafficked victims, training and international cooperation. The total budget for combating trafficking in human beings for the years 2008 and 2009 is €190,000. By its decision no. 240-05/2003-1 of 18.12.2003, the government of the Republic of Slovenia appointed an Medresorska delovna skupina za boj proti trgovini z ljudmi [Interdepartmental Working Group for the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons] (hereinafter the IWG). Its mandate covers trafficking in human beings in general, including children. The IWG comprises representatives of ministries and government bodies and members of domestic and international organisations (NGOs). A National Coordinator in this field was already appointed in February 2002. Training of professional actors involved in the identification, care and protection of trafficked children is a well-established part of the national preventive strategy against trafficking. It mainly involves training of the police in cooperation with NGOs and internal expert training and education for nongovernmental organisations. Victims of trafficking are not punished for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked. However, in the absence of de jure criminalisation, de facto criminalisation still persists. The authorities are tackling the problem in cooperation with NGOs through awareness-raising activities. Details: Vienna: FRA - European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2009. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 21, 2012 at: http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/Child-trafficking-09-country-sl.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Slovenia Keywords: Child Sexual Exploitation Shelf Number: 125713 |