Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: April 26, 2024 Fri
Time: 5:11 pm
spain
Time: 5:11 pm
spain
Results for spain
95 total results foundAuthor: Marmolejo, Isabel Iborra Title: Elder Abuse in the Family in Spain Summary: All societies have problems that are completely or partially hidden from view, either because no one pays sufficient attention, or because other, equally important problems receive more immediate attention from the media and, thus, from the public. This phenomenon occurs more frequently in places that are economically well developed and have a big population concentrated in large urban centers, where people hardly know each other. One such problem is, without a doubt, elder abuse in the family, an issue that affects many elderly people and had not, until now, been subjected to the kind of in-depth analysis its seriousness warrants. This study, conducted by the Queen Sofía Center’s scientific coordinator, Isabel Iborra Marmolejo, and published and promoted by this same institution, was sponsored and supported by Bancaja. It presents a very precise picture of the scope of this problem in Spain, using data obtained from a wide survey. In addition, it reviews similar studies conducted in other countries that make it possible to contextualize the problem in Spain, and it analyzes Spanish legislation on this matter. For our institution, contributing to the diffusion of the results obtained in the report Elder Abuse in the Family in Spain is part of our unwavering commitment to society: to improve the quality of life of all its members, especially those who require extra care and solidarity. We, therefore, wish to thank the author of this report and the institution that promoted it for their invaluable scientific contribution that is not only highly worthy of praise, but should, especially, be as widely disseminated as possible. Details: Vancouver: International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse, 2008. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2012 at http://www.inpea.net/images/Spain_Report_2008_Elder.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Spain Keywords: Elder Abuse (Spain) Shelf Number: 124535 |
Author: Bodelon, Encarna Title: Gender-based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime: Country Report Spain Summary: Due to their age and lifestyle, female students as a group are especially at risk from various forms of sexual violence – the aim of the three-year European-wide research project “Gender-based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime” (2009-2011) is to verify this hypothesis and to collect, analyse and compare relevant data in five European countries. By analysing the qualitative and quantitative data in a comparative survey it aims to rising awareness for the victimisation of female students. In the consequence this will support universities in their efforts to decrease sexual violence at universities, to help victims and to implement adequate instruments of prevention and intervention. The EU project, which has been funded through the programme “Prevention of and Fight Against Crime” initiated by the EU Commission on General Justice, Freedom And Security, is being coordinated at the Department of Criminology at Ruhr University Bochum in Germany. Besides the German university the consortium covers the University of Bologna, Jagiellonian University in Cracow/Poland, Universitát Autonoma de Barcelona/Spain and Keele University/U.K.. Most of the recommendations and proposals derived from the research in the Spanish case were obtained from the qualitative fieldwork. Many similar proposals were made in the discussion groups and in-depth interviews with the students and interviews with the agents. However, in the case of the students, there was a high degree of consensus that university authorities, and those outside the university, had a responsibility and obligation to implement preventive and response measures against gender-based violence in general, and sexual violence in particular. However, in the case of those stakeholders interviewed, their ignorance of the phenomenon and its incidence and causes, means that many are not able to clearly see this responsibility, or to propose measures to prevent it or act upon it in the university. Details: Bochum, Germany: Ruhr-University Bochum, 2012. 38p. Source: EU-Project 2009-2011: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2012 at http://vmrz0183.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/gendercrime/pdf/gendercrime_country_report_spain_english.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Spain Keywords: Colleges and Universities Shelf Number: 124576 |
Author: Alonso, Martin Barriuso Title: Cannabis Social Clubs in Spain: A Normalizing Alternative Underway Summary: Cannabis social clubs (CSC) are noncommercial organisations of users who get together to cultivate and distribute enough cannabis to meet their personal needs without having to turn to the black market. They are based on the fact that the consumption of illegal drugs has never been considered a crime under Spanish legislation. Taking advantage of this grey area, private clubs that produce cannabis for non-profit distribution solely to a closed group of adult members have existed for years. Since their appearance in 2002, CSCs have enabled several thousand people to stop financing the black market and to know the quality and origin of what they are consuming, whilst creating jobs and tax revenue. All of this has happened without having to withdraw from existing UN drug treaties. This article outlines the nature and functioning of these clubs. It also proposes a better route for legalisation of drugs: rejecting the creation of an open trade system, similar to that of alcohol or tobacco and opting instead for a consumer-focused, non-profit model that avoids many of the risks inherent in a market dominated by the pursuit of economic profit. Details: Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 2011. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies Nr. 9: Accessed May 2, 2012 at: http://www.druglawreform.info/images/stories/documents/dlr9.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Spain Keywords: Cannabis Shelf Number: 125118 |
Author: Amnesty International Title: Spain: The Right to Protest Under Threat Summary: In Spain, the economic crisis, austerity measures and cuts in basic social services have led thousands of people to take to the streets in recent years. Despite the peaceful nature of the overwhelming majority of demonstrations, there were reports of excessive use of force and ill-treatment by police, an increase in the number of fines being issued for participating in protests and abuses by law enforcement officials against journalists reporting on the rallies. The Spanish authorities have also expressed their intention to impose further restrictions on the holding of demonstrations, proposing amendments to the legislation directly affecting the exercise of this right. This report lays out Amnesty International's concerns in relation to the restrictions imposed on freedom of expression and peaceful assembly in the context of demonstrations in Spain. It concludes that police used excessive force both through the misuse of anti-riot equipment during demonstrations and while detaining protestors. The report documents cases of ill-treatment of individuals under police custody, and highlights a number of concerns about the inadequate investigations being carried out by the authorities into alleged human rights violations committed by law enforcement officials. Details: London: Amnesty International, 2014. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 6, 2014 at: http://www.amnesty.ch/de/laender/europa-zentralasien/spanien/dok/2014/demonstrationsfreiheit-unter-druck/bericht-spain-the-right-to-protest-under-threat-.-april-2014.-84-seiten Year: 2014 Country: Spain Keywords: Demonstrations and Protests Shelf Number: 132256 |
Author: Montolio, Daniel Title: When Police Patrols Matter. The Effect of Police Proximity on Citizens' Crime Risk Perception Summary: Crime risk perception is known to be an important determinant of individual well-being. It is therefore crucial that we understand the factors affecting this perception so that governments can identify the (public) policies that might reduce it. Among such policies, public resources devoted to policing emerge as a key instrument not only for tackling criminal activity but also for impacting on citizens' crime risk perception. In this framework, the aim of this study is to analyze both the individual and neighbourhood determinants of citizens' crime risk perception in the City of Barcelona (Spain) focusing on the effect of police proximity and taking into account the spatial aspects of neighbourhood characteristics. After controlling for the possible problems of the endogeneity of police forces and crime risk perception and the potential sorting of individuals across neighbourhoods, the results indicate that crime risk perception is reduced when non-victims exogenously interact with police forces. Moreover, neighbourhood variables, such as proxies of social capital and the level of incivilities, together with individual characteristics have an impact on citizens' crime risk perception. Details: Barcelona: University of Barcelona, 2014. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: IEB Working Paper N. 2014/1: Accessed May 8, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2410365 Year: 2014 Country: Spain Keywords: Community Policing Shelf Number: 132302 |
Author: Echazarra, Alfonso Title: Social disorganisation, immigration and perceived crime in Spanish neighbourhoods Summary: This dissertation adopts a quantitative approach to investigate the determinants of residents' perceptions of neighbourhood crime, focusing specifically on a series of structural factors at the community level, in accordance with the social disorganisation model. Using different statistical models, including correlations, linear regression, multilevel models and spatial regression analyses, and several Spanish data sources, in particular the 2001 Population and Housing Census and a nationally representative survey conducted in 2006, the research confirms the relevance of its exogenous sources in explaining perceived neighbourhood crime. These include classical variables, such as neighbourhoods' socioeconomic status, residential stability, ethnic diversity, family disruption and degree of urbanisation, but also other features related to the time, skills and resources deployed by residents in their residential areas such as commuting time to work, the number of working hours and the availability of a second home. For its part, other local conditions traditionally associated specifically with perceived neighbourhood crime, such as social incivilities and physical decay, act as mediators of other contextual effects, in particular of the number of retail shops and offices.The research also demonstrates the urban nature of the social disorganisation theory. That is, that the local conditions typically associated with social disorganisation, urban unease and the various social problems that can affect neighbourhoods, are better predictors of residents' perceptions of crime in town and large cities than in rural areas, operationalized as municipalities of less than 5,000 inhabitants. Small municipalities seem particularly successful in controlling their younger residents for neither the proportion of adolescents and young adults, nor the number of children per family exert an important effect on residents' perceptions of neighbourhood crime. Among these local conditions, special attention has been devoted to measures of diversity and immigration demonstrating that their effect on residents' perceptions of neighbourhood crime, except for the positive impact of Asians, is not necessarily robust to different model specifications and statistical methods. This erratic immigrant effect is surprising given how consistent the belief in a crime-immigration nexus is among Spaniards. Precisely on this point, the dissertation has investigated why the belief in a crime-immigration nexus varies significantly between individuals and across communities. Three variables have been identified as determining factors: contextual parochialism, right-wing ideology and the media. In rural areas with high residential stability, a significant presence of elderly population and a low socioeconomic status, residents are more likely to unconsciously associate immigration and crime, even when individual attributes are adjusted for and, more importantly, even if few migrants live in the surroundings. Not surprisingly, right-wing residents are more likely to associate both phenomena yet, in contrast to many statements by scholars and pundits, the media in Spain seems to exert a moderator effect. Details: Manchester, UK: University of Manchester, School of Social Sciences, 2012. 255p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 1, 2014 at: https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:183476&datastreamId=FULL-TEXT.PDF Year: 2012 Country: Spain Keywords: Immigrants and Crime Shelf Number: 127611 |
Author: Franquero, Oscar Pares Title: Innovation Born of Necessity: Pioneering Drug Policy in Catalonia Summary: In the 1970s, in the midst of a major political and economic transition, Spain suddenly faced unprecedented levels of heroin consumption, which soon evolved into an epidemic of fatal drug overdoses and HIV and hepatitis infections. Despite the inertia and limitations of national policies, Catalonia created a comprehensive approach to drug treatment and harm reduction. From the start, the Catalan response was motivated by families of youth who were affected by drug consumption and neighborhood movements that denounced the lack of resources. With broad political consensus, they created the Catalonian Drug Dependency Care Network that offered a multidisciplinary response to drug treatment, harm reduction, and social integration. Innovation Born of Necessity: Pioneering Drug Policy in Catalonia follows the evolution of two of the region's drug policy solutions: its health- and rights-based approach to drug treatment and harm reduction, and its model for safely legalizing the market for cannabis. Catalonia's long held values of collaborative grassroots action and political autonomy have forged many other unique social policies and mechanisms, the most well known of which is the cannabis social club. Offering a new, collective-based model for the legal growth, sale, and use of cannabis, the promise of the cannabis social club goes well beyond the significant benefits to cannabis users. After tracing their social and legal evolution, Innovation Born of Necessity shows how the cannabis social clubs reinforce civil society, protect public health, and shrink the black market while boosting the formal economy, thus contributing to a more democratic society Details: New York: Open Society Foundations, 2015. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Lessons for Drug Policy Series, 2015: Accessed May 1, 2015 at: http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/20150428-innovation-born-necessity-pioneering-drug-policy-catalonia.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Spain Keywords: Drug Abuse and Addiction Shelf Number: 135447 |
Author: Melendez Pereto, Anna Title: Restorative justice and desistance. The impact of victim-offender mediation on desistance from crime Summary: This research aims to examine the capacity of restorative justice to have an influence on desistance from crime, by focusing on mediation processes in order to identify whether there is a relationship between participating in a mediation process and taking the decision to desist from crime as well as to study the offenders' stability in a pro-social life, desisting from deviant behaviour. A particular aim of the research is to explore whether the victims' participation in the process, restoration and the process itself can promote positive changes in the offenders' behaviour after completion of the mediation programme dealt with in this research. First, to examine to what extent the offender can reduce the use of some neutralisation techniques. Specifically, the aim is to analyse whether the offender is able to recognise that there has been a victim, to admit having injured someone and to admit rather than deny responsibility for it. Second, the aim is to analyse whether mediation enables offenders to express guilt, remorse and shame and thus lead them to change their offending behaviour. And finally, to analyse whether the process has an impact on the offender's ability to reflect on what happened and its consequence. The empirical study has two main parts divided in four different moments. The first part of the study has three stages. The first is at the beginning of the process and offenders have to complete a self-administered pre-test questionnaire -at the end of the first individual mediation session- in order to know their expectations of the process. The second takes place immediately after the mediation, and offenders complete a self-administered pot-test questionnaire. During direct mediation -when victim and offender met together with a mediator- non-participant observation is carried out to observe the interaction between parties. In indirect mediation the last session with the mediator is observed. The second part of the study, which takes place 6 months later, consists of a final narrative interview with the offenders who had been observed during mediation in order to learn more about the offenders' life course, their experience in mediation and its possible impact on their lives in the future. Details: Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciencia Politica i de Dret Public, 2015. 343p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 19, 2015 at: http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/309139 Year: 2015 Country: Spain Keywords: Desistance Shelf Number: 136997 |
Author: Montolio, Daniel Title: The Unintended Consequences on Crime of "Pennies from Heaven" Summary: This paper examines how an infrastructure investment policy, implemented nationwide at the local level, has affected local crime rates. This policy, developed in the wake of the global recession of 2008-09, was designed to boost local economies through job creation. Using monthly figures from the Spanish region of Catalonia's more than 900 municipalities, the paper exploits geographic and time variation in the Spanish Ministry of Public Administration's random approvals of local investment policies, to estimate their impact on both (un)employment and crime. The combination of difference-in-differences and IV estimates makes it possible to precisely assess both the size and timing of the policy's impact on the local labor market and on municipal-level crime rates. While the policy apparently did not tackle the economic recession over the long run, local public finances did experience a boost over the short term, resulting in a temporary reduction in local unemployment rates (as legally required by the policy), as well as a significant drop in crime rates. Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: IDB WORKING PAPER SERIES N IDB-WP-666: Accessed February 24, 2016 at: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7431/The-Unintended-Consequences-on-Crime-of-Pennies-from-Heaven.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2016 Country: Spain Keywords: Crime Rates Shelf Number: 137954 |
Author: Defence for Children International Spain Title: Twelve. Children's Right to participation and the juvenile justice systems. National report: Spain Summary: In accordance with the main international and EU standards on children's rights and with the Child Friendly Justice Guidelines (CFJG) of the Council of Europe, children should have access to an adequate treatment in justice. Listening to children, hearing their views and recommendations, understanding their aspirations and concerns and taking them into account for decision making processes is key for policy and practice to become more appropriate and effective. It is also a human rights imperative under article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and a prerequisite for achieving compliance with international standards. TWELVE is a collaborative initiative that involves DCI-Italy, DCI-Spain and DCI-Belgium, and aims at facilitating the implementation of Article 12 of the Child's Rights Convention in the juvenile justice systems of Europe. In November 2015, DCI sections in Italy, Belgium and Spain presented their research and monitoring report on the situation of children's right to participation in the juvenile justice system of their respective countries. Details: Lisbon: Defence for Children International, 2015. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2016 at: http://www.defenceforchildren.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Twelve_Spain.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Spain Keywords: Juvenile Justice Reform Shelf Number: 138463 |
Author: Fajardo Del Castillo, Teresa Title: Wildlife Crime in Spain. In-depth Analysis for the ENVI Committee Summary: Spain is a relevant entry point to Europe as well as a country of origin and transit of wildlife crime with trade routes introducing illegal timber from Latin American and Barbary Macaques and elephants and rhino trophies from African countries as well as trade routes of eels, raptors and ivory to the Middle East and Asia. Recent police operations point to the existence of criminal groups, with organized crime infrastructures and their modus operandi. The internet is increasingly used for selling rare species outside the legal market. As examples of good practice, the Spanish Environmental Police, (SEPRONA), is one of the few specialized forces in Europe fighting environmental crime as well as its CITES Management Authorities which implement CITES and EU legislation. SEPRONA has developed and implemented day-to-day strategies against wildlife crime. Its agents have engaged in significant major wildlife crime operations, some of which have been perpetrated by organized criminal groups, however, the examined case law shows a limited number of convictions and lenient punishments due to difficulties in providing the required evidence and the resistance of judges to consider environmental crime as serious. Spain also has a specialized Prosecutor's Office that cooperates closely with CITES Management Authorities and SEPRONA. Both SEPRONA and the Spanish CITES Management Authorities cooperate with authorities of other Member States and third countries on a regular basis as well as in coordinated operations that show the importance of institutional contacts of the CITES Authorities as well as the institutional networks and agencies, such as EUROPOL and INTERPOL. This cooperation contributes to overcoming the limits of the CITES Convention and EU Regulation that in the opinion of the experts interviewed are fragmented and lack clarity. Moreover, the legal instruments at domestic and European level to fight against organized crime do not envisage environmental crime or wildlife crime, and can hardly be applied to fight them since they are destined to fight serious crimes. It is the opinion of the Spanish Management Authorities as well as the Prosecution Office that a specific legal instrument to fight wildlife crime would be most useful to overcome these problems. Details: Brussels: European Parliament, 2016. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 22, 2016 at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/578962/IPOL_IDA%282016%29578962_EN.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Spain Keywords: Illegal Wildlife Trade Shelf Number: 138727 |
Author: Daniele, Gianmarco Title: Strike One to Educate One Hundred: Organized Crime, Political Selection and Politicians' Ability Summary: A central question in terms of political (self-)selection relates to the incentives leading high ability individuals to enter - or abstain from entering - into politics. In this article, we use data from Italian municipalities over the period 1985-2012 to empirically assess how changes in individuals' expected payoffs affect political (self-)selection. Identification derives from murders of local politicians by the mafia, and indicates that such a negative shock to politicians' expected payoffs induces a strong decrease in first-time elected politicians' human capital. The effect is not limited to the municipality where a political murder takes place, but also extends to nearby municipalities. Details: Barcelona: Institut d'Economia de Barcelona Facultat d'Economia i Empresa Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: IEB Working Paper N. 2015/37 : Accessed July 25, 2016 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2706594 Year: 2015 Country: Spain Keywords: Homicides Shelf Number: 139823 |
Author: Bodega Zugasti, D. de la (ed.) Title: Illegal Use of Poisoned-Baits. Legal Analysis and Investigation Summary: Poisoned-baits have traditionally been used in Spain's countryside as predator control method. Initially used by livestock farmers to protect their animals from attack during their seasonal movements of short- or long-range transhumance, it has over the years been taken up mainly by the hunting community. Poisoning nowadays is commonest on improperly run hunting grounds, although there has also been another upsurge in the use of poisoned-baits in livestock farming. Recent convictions in criminal proceedings show that it has also spread into other activities like beekeeping and pigeon racing. The environmental effects of poison have been devastating and it has now become one of the main threats to biodiversity. Figures recorded from 2005 to 2010 show that poisoning is still a habitual practice, with grave consequences for both wildlife and domesticated animals. Its indiscriminate use against certain species considered until the eighties of last century to be "vermin" has led many of these species, even after the banning of the use of poisoned-baits, to be classified as in danger of extinction or vulnerable. Witness the Iberian lynx, Spanish Imperial Eagle, Red Kite or Cinereous Vulture. After centuries of indiscriminate use, Spanish Criminal Code categorised the use of poison for fishing or hunting purposes as a wildlife crime in 1995 on the grounds precisely of its environmental impact and non-selective nature. Practically all Spanish Regional Governments (hence- forth CCAA), moreover, have passed legislation to forbid and punish the illegal use of poison. This legal framework has been fleshed out by plans and strategies drawn up at regional and national level with varying degrees of participation, measures and actions for the prevention, investigation and prosecution of this crime. Pulling together all these strands, this text plans to work from the legal acquis and accumulated practice built up by various organisations and groups during years of concerted efforts to wipe out the illegal use of poison in Spain's countryside. Some of the chapters of this manual have been written by legal professionals and experts in the investigation of a crime that is often extremely difficult to clear up. It has also been favoured by effective impunity due to the sheer complexity of this investigation and the lack of forthright legal response. Details: Madrid: SEO BirdLife, 2016. 150p, Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2016 at: http://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/uploads/meetings/MIKT1/mikt-page-docs/ILLEGAL-USE-OF-POISONED-BAITS_SEO_BirdLife_March2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Spain Keywords: Illegal Hunting Shelf Number: 139973 |
Author: Brandariz Garcia, Jose Angel Title: The 'Great Recession' and Criminal Justice: The value of scarcity? Summary: The paper takes a'Great Recession' signifies the beginning of a new phase, with significant implications for the field of crime and punishment. Over the last few decades, market rationale as an organising principle has penetrated criminal justice public policies. However, there has been a tendency to overlook the economic principle of resource scarcity, and the recent evolution of the penal system in many jurisdictions appears to be characterised by an expansion which took for granted the unlimited elasticity of public resources. The paper looks at the cases of Spain and the United States, both countries that have seen recent contractions in their penal systems, and suggests that the economic crisis has led to the penetration within the criminal justice system of the concept of scarcity. The paper concludes with a suggestion to examine in depth the reasons underlying the change of tendency in the US case, in order to encourage a similar reduction in other jurisdictions Details: London: Howard League for Penal Reform, 2014. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Howard League What is Justice? Working Papers 7/2014: Accessed November 11, 2016 at: http://socialwelfare.bl.uk/subject-areas/services-activity/criminal-justice/howardleagueforpenalreform/167076HLWP_7_2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Spain Keywords: Economic Conditions and Crime Shelf Number: 146684 |
Author: Ellis, Clare Title: On Tap Europe: Organised Crime and Illicit Trade in Spain: Country Report Summary: The criminal networks behind Spain's illicit trade are sophisticated, agile and often active in other areas of criminality. In contrast to other countries studied, there does not appear to be a decisive shift away from the established high-risk activities of organised crime (such as trafficking narcotics) towards illicit trade, which is considered comparatively low-risk both in terms of detection and potential sanctions. Instead, the flexibility of organised crime groups in Spain includes both forms of activity, with groups moving between different illicit commodities and between crime types as opportunities arise. While Spain has long acted as a transit hub, a substantial domestic market for illicit goods has also developed. There appears to be limited infiltration of legal supply chains, with stringent regulatory systems largely preventing illicit goods from being sold through registered retailers. However, such goods remain readily available from a variety of sources, suggesting that measures have displaced rather than suppressed the sale of illicit products. Production of illicit goods within Spain is also an emerging trend, with illegal tobacco, alcohol and pharmaceutical factories uncovered in recent years. This paper identifies four specific drivers that underpin this complex and evolving role: the significant price differentials with nearby countries and territories; the impact of the global financial crisis on the Spanish economy; a social acceptance of illicit goods and the perception among the public that illicit trade is not a serious criminal issue; and the application of relatively lenient sanctions against those convicted of crimes related to illicit trade. It is the combination of these factors that has simultaneously created demand for illicit products, fuelled their supply, and offered limited deterrence for participation in this form of criminality. Details: London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, 2017. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Occasional Paper; On Tap Europe Series No. 2: Accessed January 30, 2017 at: https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201701_op_on_tap_europe_spain_final.2.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Spain Keywords: Drug Trafficking Shelf Number: 145542 |
Author: Carrera, Sergio Title: Reflections on the Terrorism Attacks in Barcelona: Constructing a principled and trust-based EU approach to countering terrorism Summary: This Policy Insight examines EU counter-terrorism policies in the aftermath of the recent terrorist attacks of 18 August 2017 in Catalonia and explores what more the EU can do to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of those policies. To this end, it puts forward two policy recommendations: The EU should construct and progressively develop a principled and trust-based policy approach to countering terrorism. Such an approach would consist of an evaluation (fitness check) and regular reappraisal of the effectiveness and efficiency of current EU policies and their priorities - particularly those related to information exchange (and interoperability) and countering radicalisation. The authors argue that the EU's present policy is based on two long-standing (mis)conceptions, namely that existing priorities and instruments are effective in preventing, investigating and prosecuting terrorist crimes and that EU principles and fundamental rights act as obstacles to efficient law enforcement. They examine these two conceptions and call for them to be reconsidered in light of existing research and evidence, explaining how they have led to what may be called the "EU liberal paradox". This paradox relates not only to the deleterious impact that counter-terrorism policies have on the EU and national constitutional principles, which terrorism seeks to destroy, but also the questionable extent to which the objectives pursued in EU security policies and tools are efficiently met in their implementation and practical uses. If EU policies aimed at tackling terrorism are not properly informed and tested, and their societal impacts and ethical implications rigorously assessed, the result will be a lack of mutual confidence between EU and state law enforcement authorities and judicial practitioners, as well as social mistrust on the part of citizens and communities. The conclusions outline a set of recommendations for the next phases of the European Agenda on Security aimed at implementing a principled and trust-based EU approach in countering terrorism. Details: Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 2017. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Insights No. 2017-32: Accessed September 11, 2017 at: https://www.ceps.eu/publications/reflections-terrorist-attacks-barcelona-constructing-principled-and-trust-based-eu Year: 2017 Country: Spain Keywords: Counter-Terrorism Shelf Number: 147206 |
Author: Clark, James H. Title: Archaeological Site of Colonia Clunia Sulpicia Penalba de Castro, Burgos, Spain Summary: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The assessment team completed a case study, including a physical security assessment of Clunia and its surrounding environs, along with a review of other historic sites in the region. The objective of this assessment was to identify those conditions that could create security vulnerabilities for the site and its resources, including people, assets, and activities. It is the assessment teams view that a key factor in considering risk to the site is the Clunia communitys lack of understanding and appreciation of the value of the site and the potential economic boost it could bring to the region. The Cultural Administration (Directorate of Cultural Heritage of the Junta de Castilla y Leon and Directorate of Culture Diputacion Provincial de Burgos) certainly understands the value of the ruins, yet at a community level, Clunia may be seen more as a natural resource for community use. Nearby residents in Pealba de Castro and the countryside use the area for recreational pursuits such as mushroom picking and dog walking. Over time, nearby residents have removed artifacts to adorn homes and other buildings in the community. Looting remains the primary security threat to Clunia; there has been a history of looters using metal detectors and other tools that have been transported onto the site by paying visitors or others who have accessed the site surreptitiously after-hours. Additionally, the loss of a large stone with phallic symbols, which took much time and care to remove, suggest that commercial looters are also drawn to the site. Current security strategies, including the presence of an after-hours security officer, have been ineffective in deterring, detecting, or delaying these intruders, and losses have often been identified only after the fact. The limited application of security technology and physical security features, the gaps in security personnel coverage on site, and the lack of timely police response in this remote and sparsely populated region further exacerbate Clunias security challenges. The assessment team offers the following recommendations as detailed in the report to diminish the opportunities for looting and unwanted intrusion: - Begin the process of educating the public on the unique value that Clunia brings to the region and the community. - Install strategically placed thermal cameras to inform security when there is someone in proximity to the perimeter fence and elicit an on-site security response to that location. -Establish a more robust full-time security presence on-site during all hours that the site is closed to the public. - Provide security officers with better equipment, including two-way radios or cellular phones, to enable immediate communications with the proposed security control center and law enforcement. Further provide officers with an all-weather patrol vehicle for perimeter patrols and intrusion response. - Provide those officers with the requisite training to facilitate an effective and proactive security presence Details: Alexandria, VA: Asis International Foundation, 2018. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 16, 2019 at: https://www.asisonline.org/globalassets/foundation/documents/crisp-reports/archaeological-clunia_crisp-report.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Spain Keywords: Archaeological Ruins Shelf Number: 154174 |
Author: Reinares, Fernando Title: From Criminals to Terrorists and Back? Quarterly Report: Spain Summary: The From Criminals to Terrorists and Back? project team presents another in its series of Quarterly Reports, this time focused on Spain. Its authors are Fernando Reinares, Carola Garca-Calvo and lvaro Vicente. Fernando Reinares is Director of the Program on Global Terrorism at Elcano Royal Institute and Professor of Political Science and Security Studies at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, both in Madrid. He is also Adjunct Professor of Security Studies at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Carola Garca-Calvo is Senior Analyst in the Program on Global Terrorism at Elcano Royal Institute, as well as Associate Lecturer on Terrorism and Security Studies at Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, both in Madrid. lvaro Vicente is a Research Assistant in the Program on Global Terrorism at Elcano Royal Institute and Associate Lecturer at Rey Juan Carlos University, both in Madrid. In the case of Spain, a total of 62 individuals were arrested and brought before the judges of the Audiencia Nacional (National Court) for activities related to jihadist terrorism during 2015. Ten of these (that is, 16.1%) had prior criminal records unrelated to terrorism. For the more limited period covered in this report, that is, the first quarter of 2015, we have analysed 16 cases included in our Elcano Database on Jihadists in Spain (EDBJS). However, only two of them (12.5%) had prior criminal records. As such, the first quarter of the year is representative of the entire year in terms of the number of jihadist arrests. Over the five-year period, though, between 2013 and 2017, 16.3% of all the 239 individuals arrested had prior criminal records, with the annual percentages showing some variation. With respect to those arrested in Spain during the first quarter and for all of 2015, 12.5% and 16.1%, respectively, had previous criminal records. Therefore, the hypothesis that both types of criminality - ordinary delinquency and terrorism - draw upon the same social base find little empirical support in the Spanish case, at least during 2015. Focusing on the two individuals with prior criminal records referenced above, among all those jihadists arrested during in January - March 2015, a crime-terror link is visible in two of the ways already analysed in the context of incarceration, with prisons being the environment for radicalisation and a nexus for capacity and knowledge transfer (for instance, with respect to access to weapons or adoption of security measures). Details: Bratislava, Slovak Republic: GLOBSEC Policy Institute, 2018. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2019 at: https://www.globsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/From-Criminals-to-Terrorists-and-Back-Quarterly-Report-2018-Spain.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Spain Keywords: Counter-Terrorism Shelf Number: 155919 |
Author: Hidago, D. Title: A Novel Initiative for Recovery and Restoration of Illegal Dumps in Rural Areas Summary: In the whole territory of Castilla y Leon (Spain), there are currently more than 2000 waste dumps that will be restored through a novel programme in the period 2017-2019 with an investment of more than 10 ME. Castilla y Leon regional government is currently implementing this programme in the province of Valladolid for the environmental recovery of areas heavily degraded by the deposit of inert waste, which entails the restoration of illegal dumps in the province bigger than 1000 m2, a total of 133. The programme also includes the implementation of an alternative and legal system for the management of construction and demolition waste, amongst other waste streams. The sealing of landfills and tailings is encompassed within the actions that the regional government is developing in the field of integrated management of waste for their prevention, recovery, recycling and disposal in all the provinces of the community, framed within the line established in the 7th Environmental Action Programme of the European Union. The situation of illegal deposits must be corrected both through direct situations on the affected areas and through measures aimed at ensuring proper management of construction and demolition waste and pruning. This paper shows the first results obtained after the implementation of this regional initiative with the focus set on the description of the implemented waste management programme. The programme provided 2518 services in 2017 managing 6000 t of waste which, without the implementation of this programme, would probably have ended up in illegal dumps. These waste streams included debris (33%), discarded appliances (45%) and pruning (22%). The costs associated with the management of these streams were 25.53 E/t debris, 183.16 E/t appliances and 162.40 E/t pruning. Details: Valladolid, Spain: CARTIF Technology Centre, 2019. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 28, 2019 at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854620 Year: 2019 Country: Spain Keywords: Environmental Crime Shelf Number: 156044 |
Author: Kalir, Barak Title: "I do my Work but I don't Agree with the Law": Police Agents Managing Deportation in Madrid, Spain Summary: Based on a nonconsecutive fieldwork of 6 months among different police units responsible for deportation in Spain, I explore the practices and dilemmas of police agents who detain and deport illegalized migrants. Police agents seem to be particularly torn between two dominant tendencies in enforcing deportation policies: first, the need to apply ambiguous policies and unsatisfying laws that can be interpreted in different ways by superiors and colleagues; second, the need to justify potentially immoral situations that are produced in interactions with deportable subjects. In addition, the work of police agents who handle deportation is often coming under heavy public critique by the media, NGOs and other non-state actors. The paper aims to highlight the ways in which the police are caught up in an indecisive space of implementation that is constructed top-down by policies and laws that are unable, or unwilling, to sensibly regulate the deportation terrain, and bottom-up by the complex lived realities of illegalized migrants and deportable subjects. Police agents are having much discretion in interpreting and implementing state policies according to their views and by injecting meaning into their deportation practices. An ethnographic exploration of police practices divulges the wide gamut of views and approaches that different agents adopt. The picture that emerges from this exploration is thus not of well-disciplined police that work in a regimented and uniformed manner, but of agents who struggle to reconcile their own moral and sense of doing meaningful policing work with the need to enforce deportation policies that are being ethically and legally contested by different state and non-state actors. Details: Washington, DC: Proceedings of the 2018 American Anthropological Association (AAA) Annual Meeting, 2018. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 20, 2019 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3371417 Year: 2018 Country: Spain Keywords: Deportation Policies Shelf Number: 156544 |