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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:37 am
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Results for alcohol abuse
124 results foundAuthor: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University Title: Behind Bars II: Substance Abuse and America's Prison Population Summary: This new report constitutes the most exhaustive analysis ever undertaken to identify the extent to which alcohol and other drugs are implicated in the crimes and incarceration of America's prison population. This report, following more than a decade after CASA's initial analysis, finds that despite greater recognition of the problem and potential solutions, we have allowed the population of substance-involved inmates crowding our prisons and jails -- and the related costs and crimes -- to increase. Details: New York: The Center, 2010 Source: Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117674 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionInmates |
Author: Hudson, Nina Title: Wakefield Youth Alcohol Diversion Pilot Program: Final Evaluation Report Summary: This report presents findings of the evaluation of the Wakefield Youth Alcohol Diversion Pilot Program (YARN). YARN is a youth alcohol diversion and community education program to be piloted in regional South Australia from 1 February 2006 to January 2008. The evaluation of YARN was divided into two main components. A process component sought to monitor the process of project implementation, operation and coordination. An outcomes component sought to establish whether YARN 'works'. This report has a primary focus on the outcomes and impact of YARN and a secondary focus on process issues. Details: Adelaide: South Australian Department of Justice, Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2007. 299p. Source: Year: 2007 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116305 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Carpenter, Christopher Title: Alcohol Regulation and Crime Summary: This working paper provides a critical reviw of research in economics that has examined causal relationships between alcohol use and crime. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. 61p. Source: Internet Resource; NBER Working Paper Series; no. 15828 Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117807 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime |
Author: Nicholas, Roger Title: An Environmental Scan on Alcohol and Other Drug Issues Facing Law Enforcement in Australia 2010. Summary: Environmental scanning, as with any form of predicting the future, is not a purely scientific endeavor. It involves drawing together data from a large range of sources, ranging from refereed journals to the opinions of experts in a given field, in order to try and better understand current and future trends. This document contains the key findings of an environmental scan on alcohol and other drug issues facing law enforcement in Australia. Details: Hobart, Tasmania: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2008. 219o, Source: Year: 2008 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 118167 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug EnforcementLaw Enforcement |
Author: Freisthler, Bridget Title: Alcohol Use, Dinking Venue Utilization, and Child Physical Abuse: Results from a Pilot Study Summary: This paper examines how a parent's use of drinking locations is related to physical abuse. A convenience sample of 103 parents answered questions on physical abuse with the Conflict Tactics Scale - Parent Child version (CTS-PC), current drinking behavior, and the frequency with which they drank at different venues, including bars and parties. Probit models were used to assess relationships between parent demographics, drinking patterns, place of drinking and CTS-PC scores. Frequent drinking, frequent drinking in bars, parties in a parent's own home, and frequent drinking at friends' homes were positively related to child physical abuse. This suggests that time spent in these venues provides opportunities to mix with individuals that may share the same attitudes and norms towards acting violently. Details: Los Angeles: California Center for Population Research, University of California - Los Angeles, 2009. 22p. Source: On-Line Working Paper Series: CCPR-036-09; Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 118611 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseChild AbuseChild Maltreatment |
Author: Robertson, Robyn D. Title: Alcohol Interlocks: Planning for Success. Proceedings of the 9th International Alcohol Interlock Symposium Summary: This report presents the findings from a symposium which addressed the issue of alcohol interlock systems. The symposium and the subsequents from it are designed to assist jurisdictions that have implemented, that are implementing or that are considering implementing alcohol interlocks to plan for success by sharing with them how to build and develop the essential ingredients of a successful interlock strategy. The information in this report summarizes what is currently known in the field, what issues or challenges still need to be addressed, and what current thinking is regarding potential ways these issues can be resolved. Details: Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 2009. 64p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 119110 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Interlock DevicesDrinking and Traffic AccidentsDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Kirkwood, Louise Title: Evaluation of the Christchurch City One-way Door Intervention: Final Report Summary: The Christchurch Central Business District (CBD) Alcohol accord was implemented from October 2006 to March 2007 to reduce alcohol-related violence and crime in the Christchurch CBD. An evaluation of the one-way door strategy, a key component of the Alcohol Accord, was commissioned jointly by the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC) and the Accident Compensation Corporation to determine the efficacy of the one-way door intervention to reduce alcohol-related crime and associated harms within Christchurch city. Details: Wellington, NZ: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 2008. 178p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 119216 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Kirkwood, Louise Title: Evaluation of the Whanganui-a-Tara Courts and Health (WATCH) Project: Final Report Summary: The Whanganui-a-Tara Courts and Health (WATCH) Project was implemented from October 2006 to March 2007 to reduce repeat offending and improve health outcomes for young adult offenders with high and implicative addiction needs. The evaluation findings are based on a range of data including review of relevant documentation, client file review and interviews with WATCH participants and their family/whanau, interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of court data relating to number and types of charges faced. Details: Wellington, NZ: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 2008. 77p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 119265 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, AbuseDrug Addiction and CrimeDrug OffendersJuvenile OffendersSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Currie, Fergus Title: Message in a Bottle: A Joint Inspection of Youth Alcohol Misuse and Offending Summary: This report re-emphasizes the known link between alcohol misuse and health problems, underachievement in schools and offending behaviour and considers whether youth offending and health services are sufficiently engaged and involved in efforts to reduce the impact of alcohol misuse by children and young people who offend. Details: London: HM Inspectorate of Probation, 2010. 55p. Source: Internet Resource; Criminal Justice Joint Inspection Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119371 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime and DisorderJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Smith, Veronica M. Title: Persistent Offender Project: Pilot Project Evaluation, November 2006 - March 2008 Summary: The overarching aim of the project was to establish joint partnership working to improve health and social well being for offenders with drug and alcohol problems and their communities. The Persistent Offender Project sought to achieve this based on partnership working between Strathclyde Police and Glasgow Addiction Services (GAS) who were jointly responsible for the operational and strategic management of this innovative service. This pilot project has provided a forum for evaluation on the capacity and achievability of such a service and, included in the evaluation, there are specific objectives that allow the impact of this project to be measured. The key objectives of the service were initially identified as: 1) Reducing drug / alcohol offending; 2) Reducing anti-social behaviour; 3) Promoting community safety and well-being; 4) Reducing drug related deaths; 5)Reducing the fear of crime; and 6) Promoting training and employment opportunities and encourage offenders to become involved in work initiatives. Beyond this, a further aim of the project was to contribute towards a healthy and a safe Glasgow at ground level in local communities. This was specifically directed at the day-to-day lives of the most persistent offenders within the Glasgow city area (areas included in the SIMD 2006 as being the 15% most deprived localities). These are individuals whose crimes are committed in order to sustain their dependency on alcohol and / or drugs. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Addition Services, 2008. 74p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119441 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug TretmentHabitual OffendersPersistent Offenders (Glasgow) |
Author: Idriss, Manar Title: International Report 2010 Crime Prevention and Community Safety: Trends and Perspectives Summary: This report examines the impact of migration, organized crime and substance abuse on community safety. It highlights the importance of good governance frameworks for prevention and safety, training and capacity building for different sectors of the community, and the evaluation of programmes and strategies. It also emphasizes social and education approaches to crime prevention among vulnerable populations. Providing a large panorama of prevention in the world, the Report 2010 examines in particular the impact of migration, organized crime and substance abuse on community safety. It highlights the importance of good governance frameworks for prevention and safety, training and capacity building for different sectors of the community, and the evaluation of programmes and strategies. It also emphasizes social and education approaches to crime prevention among vulnerable populations. Details: Montreal: International Centre for the Prevention of Crime, 2010. 223p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 119293 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCrime PreventionMigrationOrganized CrimeSubstance Abuse |
Author: North East Public Health Observatory Title: A Review of Alcohol Services for Offenders in the North East Region Summary: This report presents a review of current provision for alcohol users within the criminal justice system in the North East region of the UK. The aim of the review was to map and explore the provision that is currently in place for offenders within the 12 localities. The mapping exercise also explored the pathways and partnership working between agencies, which are a key aspect of delivering a seamless journey for the offender and delivering a continuum of care. This report provides a snapshot of the work currently being undertaken within the region and also provides an overview of some of the work that is currently in development. The overarching aims of the review included developing an understanding of the key strengths of the provision available and its situation within the overall care pathway. In addition consideration was given to those areas of weaknesses, which if strengthened would improve the outcomes for service users. Details: Stockton on Tees, UK: NEPHO, 2010. 64p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119452 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime and DisorderOffender Treatment |
Author: Robertson, Robyn D. Title: The Implementation of Alcohol Interlocks for First Offenders: A Case Study Summary: Alcohol ignition interlocks are a proven tool to effectively monitor impaired driving offenders and reduce recidivism. Today, almost all U.S. jurisdictions have implemented an alcohol interlock law targeting repeat and even high-BAC offenders. More recently, at least 12 jurisdictions have moved to also include some or all first offenders in alcohol interlock legislation and several others are considering such laws. In order to learn from those states that have already implemented a first offender alcohol interlock law, the Traffic Injury Research Foundation conducted a case study to examine the experience of Illinois and compare it to the experiences of four other jurisdictions. The purpose of this case study was to gain insight into how legislation is translated into operational practices, and to provide guidance to other jurisdictions using the knowledge that has been gained to inform decision-making. The report summarizes research relevant to the use of alcohol interlocks for first offenders. It also documents the process employed by and the tasks completed in Illinois to implement their first offender alcohol interlock law. The report contains an overview of the resources that were allocated to the process and compares the results in Illinois with experiences in Colorado, Nebraska, New York and Washington, representing the diverse nature of alcohol interlock programs. Recommendations to assist other jurisdictions are formulated and discussed. Details: Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 2010. 58p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119511 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Interlock DevicesDrinking and Traffic AccidentsDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: U.S. Department of Transporation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Title: A Summary Report of Six Demonstration Projects To Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Among 21- to 34-Year-Old Drivers Summary: This report summarizes six projects designed to address impaired driving among 21- to 34-year-olds. The report is organized into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the background and initiation of the projects. The second chapter provides a summary of each project’s purpose, underlying theory or model, setting, intervention, and evaluation techniques. The strategies were implemented in a variety of settings, using a number of innovative techniques for addressing and evaluating impaired driving interventions. The third chapter describes the characteristics of the interventions and promising practices. The fourth chapter discusses the process evaluation techniques that were applied and describes steps taken to develop, implement, and modify the impaired driving interventions. The fifth chapter is a summary of the document and provides explanation of the projects implications and utility for program planners. Details: Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2008. 35p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119516 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Burnet Institute Title: Situational Analysis of Drug and Alcohol Issues and Responses in the Pacific 2008-09 Summary: This situational analysis focuses on the Pacific region, including both licit and illicit drug use. The assessment recognises the risks for drug-related crime as identified by international and regional law enforcement agencies for more than a decade. Information collected by enforcement organisations and networks suggests that illicit drugs are becoming an increasing concern in the region. More importantly, health and other community services have begun to highlight the social and economic costs of high levels of alcohol use as an area of increasing concern. The report provides considers recommendations for framing appropriate responses coordinated at the regional level, via regional and international coordinating mechanisms and donors. Details: Canberra: Australian National Council on Drugs, 2010. 275p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 119557 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug AbuseDrug ControlDrug TraffickingDrugs (Pacific Area) |
Author: Forsyth, Alasdair J.M. Title: Assessing the Relationships Between Late Night Drinks Marketing and Alcohol-Related Disorder in Public Space Summary: In recent years there has been growing concern voiced about an apparent rise in alcohol-related public disorder or ‘binge drinking’ within the weekend night-time economy in the UK. This research takes the barroom participant observation method into the UK nightclub sector, that is late night (post-midnight) drinking venues. This is a sector of the night-time economy where alcohol-related disorder is already evident and where such problems seem likely to become more salient with the current trend towards later licensing. In doing so it is intended to develop the observational method in order to advance its usefulness as part of a disorder risk tool kit for appropriate agencies such as the police, licensing boards, researchers and the drinks industry itself, indeed to all those with a vested interest in reducing alcohol-related harm. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Centre for the Study of Violence, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2010 at: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0031.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0031.pdf Shelf Number: 110738 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. HM Inspectorate of Prisons Title: Alcohol Services in Prisons: An Unmet Need Summary: "This report draws on inspection surveys of 13,000 prisoners between 2004 and 2009, 72 inspection reports between 2006 and 2009, and surveys of drug coordinators in 68 prisons in 2009. The data cover all kinds of prisons holding those over 18. The survey results, particularly for the most recent year, are startling. Within the whole sample, 13% of prisoners surveyed reported having an alcohol problem when they entered their prison. In the most recent year, 2008-09, this rose to 19%, nearly one in five. It was even higher among young adults (30%) and women (29%). These figures almost certainly underestimate the scale of the problem, as many of those with alcohol problems will fail to recognise or acknowledge them. While most alcohol users, particularly women, reported concurrent use of illegal drugs, there was a significant proportion of male substance misusers for whom alcohol was the only problematic substance. This was true for half of the men in local prisons who reported having an alcohol problem. Among young adults, only a minority reported having drug problems, but no alcohol problem. Prisoners with alcohol problems are likely to be more problematic in general and to need greater support. More are high risk offenders and more had been in prison before. They were more likely than other prisoners to come into prison with pre-existing difficulties, such as housing needs and health, particularly mental health, issues. Alcohol use is accepted as a key risk factor in predicting violent reoffending. Yet this report shows that at every stage in prison, their needs are less likely to be either assessed or met than those with illicit drug problems. On entry to prison, alcohol problems are not consistently or reliably identified, nor is the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Some establishment drug coordinators’ estimates of the extent of the problem in their prison appeared to be considerably at odds with our survey findings. Few prisons had an alcohol strategy based on a current needs analysis, and even where analyses had been carried out, some were likely to underestimate need. Services for alcohol users were very limited, particularly for those who did not also use illicit drugs. There was a shortage of healthcare staff with training in alcohol misuse, or dual diagnosis (mental health and substance use). Interventions so far have largely consisted of Alcoholics Anonymous, an abstinence-based self-help approach which is not suitable for all those with alcohol problems. CARATs (counselling, assessment, referral, advice and throughcare service) teams are not resourced to work with those who have only an alcohol problem. Most drug coordinators identified the lack of specific funding as a major barrier to providing adequate services, even when new interventions became available – whereas there has been ring-fenced funding for illicit drug users." Details: London: HM Inspectorate of Prisons, 2010. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2010 at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/inspectorates/hmi-prisons/docs/Alcohol_2010_rps.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.justice.gov.uk/inspectorates/hmi-prisons/docs/Alcohol_2010_rps.pdf Shelf Number: 119213 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCorrectional ProgramsPrisoners, Health CareRecidivism |
Author: Paulin, Judy Title: Evaluation of the Mental Health/Alcohol and Other Drug Watch-house Nurse Pilot Initiative Summary: The Watch-house Nurse (WHN) initiative began operating at the Christchurch Central and Counties Manukau Police station watch-houses on 1 July 2008 and 1 August 2008 respectively. The initiative is intended to run as a pilot project until 30 June 2010. The initiative places appropriately qualified nurses within these two watch-houses to assist the police to better manage the risks of those in their custody who have mental health, alcohol or other drug (AOD) problems. Where appropriate, the nurses also make referrals for detainees to treatment providers. This final evaluation report presents the findings about the WHN initiative during its first 18 months of operation. In doing so, it addresses the main objectives of the pilot, and intended outcomes of these objectives in turn. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2010. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2010-08-03%20WHN_evaluation_FINAL_ELECTRONIC.pdf Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2010-08-03%20WHN_evaluation_FINAL_ELECTRONIC.pdf Shelf Number: 119665 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug OffendersMedical CareMental Health ServicesMentally Ill OffendersNursesPolicing |
Author: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Title: Polydrug Use: Patterns and Responses Summary: In this report, individual data from the surveys carried out in 2003 by the European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs (ESPAD) are used to examine the characteristics of polydrug use among over 70,000 15- to 16-year-old students from 22 European countries. Details: Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2010 at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_93217_EN_EMCDDA_SI09_polydrug%20use.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Europe URL: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_93217_EN_EMCDDA_SI09_polydrug%20use.pdf Shelf Number: 119886 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug OffendersNarcotics |
Author: Fitzgerald, Jacqueline Title: The Nature of Assaults Recorded on Licensed Premises Summary: Nearly ten percent of assaults recorded by police in NSW occur on licensed premises. This paper considers where these incidents occur in relation to the licensed premises and who is involved. In a sample of 352 assault incidents recorded by police in 2007/08, we found 76 percent occurred on the licensed premise; either inside a building on the premises (57%) or on an outdoor location within the grounds of the premises such as in the beer garden or carpark (19%). Another 21 percent of incidents were indirectly linked to the premises; occurring near the premise (such as on the footpath) and involving either premises staff, patrons or people refused entry. Three percent of assaults recorded as occurring on licensed premises could not be clearly connected to the premises. Patrons committed the majority of assaults (57%) followed by evicted patrons (15%), security and other staff (12%) and people refused entry to the premises (5%). Most victims were also patrons (62%) followed by security guards and other staff (22%), evicted patrons (6%) and police (5%). Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2010. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper No. 43: Accessed October 11, 2010 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB43.pdf/$file/BB43.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB43.pdf/$file/BB43.pdf Shelf Number: 118553 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Relates Crime, DisorderAssaultsLicensed Premises |
Author: Moffatt, Steve Title: Liquor Licensing Enforcement and Assaults on Licensed Premises Summary: On October 30 2008, the New South Wales Premier announced the imposition of licence restrictions on 48 of the licensed premises previously identified as sites where violence frequently occurred. The restrictions included mandatory 2 a.m. lock outs, cessation of alcohol service 30 minutes before closing time, drink purchase limits after midnight and ten minute alcohol sale ‘time outs’ every hour after midnight. The present report details the results of an evaluation of the effect of these restrictions. The report finds that the incidence of assault on the 48 licensed premises upon which restrictions were imposed has declined, but the decline was not restricted to these premises. A general decline in the number of assaults on licensed premises occurred across the top 100 licensed premises listed on the BOCSAR website. The precise cause of the decline is unclear but likely influences include adverse publicity and increased enforcement activity by NSW Police and the Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing (OLGR). Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2009. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper No. 40: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb40.pdf/$file/bb40.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb40.pdf/$file/bb40.pdf Shelf Number: 118554 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsPublicity |
Author: Jones, Craig Title: The Impact of Restricted Alcohol Availability on Alcohol-Related Violence in Newcastle, NSW Summary: In March 2008, the New South Wales Liquor Administration Board (LAB) introduced significant restrictions on hotel trading hours for a number of licensed premises in the Newcastle CBD. We sought to determine whether this reduced the incidence of assault in the vicinity of these premises. Three sources of police data were employed to address this research question: recorded crime data, last-place-of-consumption data from the Alcohol Linking Program and police call-out data. Recorded crime and Linking data revealed a significant reduction in alcohol-related assaults in the intervention site but not the comparison site. These two data sources revealed no evidence of any geographic displacement of assaults to other licensed premises or neighbouring areas. There was no evidence of any decrease in the total number of calls for service in either the intervention or comparison sites but this is most likely due to limitations inherent in the call-out data. All three data sources revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of assaults occurring after 3 a.m. in the intervention site but not in the comparison sites. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence that the restricted availability of alcohol reduced the incidence of assault in the Newcastle CBD. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2009. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, No. 137: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB137.pdf/$file/CJB137.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB137.pdf/$file/CJB137.pdf Shelf Number: 118549 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsCrime DisplacementViolence |
Author: Victoria (Australia). Parliament. Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee Title: Inquiry Into Strategies to Reduce Assaults in Public Places in Victoria Summary: This report attempts to address some of the issues surrounding the increase in assaults in public places over the last few years. It provides a comprehensive survey of the current situation - particularly between the level of crime and the reporting of crime- and provides some evidence of comdmunity an government activities in this area. It proposes a series of recommendations to further address the problem. Details: Melbourne: Government Printer for State of Victoria, 2010. 340p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2010 at: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/assaults/Final_assault_report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/assaults/Final_assault_report.pdf Shelf Number: 119987 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Totten, Mark Title: Investigating the Linkages between FASD, Gangs, Sexual Exploitation and Women Abuse in the Canadian Aboriginal Population: A Preliminary Study Summary: Over the last decade there has been an increase in the reporting of Aboriginal gangs and the impact on individuals, communities and youth in Canada. Some reports have described youth involvement in these gangs as reaching crisis proportions, particularly in prairie provinces, since the social impacts of gangs are directly linked to the drug trade, violence, weapons trade, sexual exploitation and the trafficking of women and girls. The impact on Aboriginal women and girls is particularly worrisome, as their involvement in gang activity is increasing, which may be directly related to their vulnerability and marginalization in Canadian society. This link is surmised by the fact that Aboriginal girls and women are significantly more likely than any other group in the country to die at a young age from suicide, homicide or serious illness; they suffer disproportionately elevated rates of sexual and physical abuse as children and adults; rates of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) appear to be elevated in the Aboriginal (particularly the First Nations) population, which is directly linked to higher rates of drug and alcohol use and addictions at a young age; and, they make up the large majority of all individuals in Canada who are involved in the sex trade and sexual trafficking. In addition to these indicators, there is increasing evidence that suggests gangs are responsible for the sexual exploitation and sexual slavery of Aboriginal women and girls. While there is an increasing awareness of the involvement of Aboriginal girls in gangs, there is little published evidence to determine concrete linkages between gangs, sexual exploitation and violence. One factor that has not yet been explored, as both a cause, consequence and compounding factor of the exploitation of Aboriginal women and girls and gang involvement is FASD. The purpose of this research report for the Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) is to provide an exploratory investigation into the linkages between many of the abovementioned phenomena - to begin a journey into making the connection between FASD, sexual exploitation, gangs, and extreme violence in the lives of Aboriginal young women. In so doing, we hope to develop a plan to prevent Aboriginal young women from using alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy. Details: Ottawa: Native Women's Association of Canada, 2009. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 28, 2010 at: http://www.nwac.ca/sites/default/files/imce/NWAC%20FASD%20SexExplGangs%202009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: http://www.nwac.ca/sites/default/files/imce/NWAC%20FASD%20SexExplGangs%202009.pdf Shelf Number: 120115 Keywords: AboriginalsAlcohol AbuseFemale VictimsFetal Alcohol Spectrum DisorderGangsHuman TraffickingSexual Exploitation |
Author: Robertson, Robyn D. Title: The Implementation of Alcohol Interlocks for Offenders: A Roadmap Summary: Alcohol ignition interlocks are a proven tool to effectively monitor impaired driving offenders and reduce recidivism. Today, almost all U.S. jurisdictions have implemented an alcohol interlock law targeting repeat and even high-BAC offenders. More recently, at least 12 jurisdictions have moved to also include some or all first offenders in alcohol interlock legislation and several others are considering such laws. The Roadmap was designed to help administrators and staff plan, develop and implement improvements to alcohol interlock strategies to ensure that the goals and objectives of legislation are achieved. It contains practical steps to guide the implementation of alcohol interlock devices as part of a strategy targeting either repeat, high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or first offenders. Critical steps in the process ranging from the drafting of legislation and the development of an implementation, to the organization of staff education and public awareness through to the creation of an evaluation plan for the strategy are discussed. Important considerations and caveats that impact decision-making at each stage of the process are also highlighted. The Roadmap was created with input from seasoned professionals who have played a leadership role in these initiatives or who have been intimately involved in interlock delivery. Input was sought from representatives of driver licensing, criminal justice, and hybrid (licensing and justice combined) interlock initiatives to achieve a balanced and inclusive perspective on effective strategies to apply these tools to supervise drunk drivers. Details: Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 2010. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2010 at: http://www.tirf.ca/publications/publications_show.php?pub_id=254 Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.tirf.ca/publications/publications_show.php?pub_id=254 Shelf Number: 120192 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Freisthler, Bridget Title: Exploring the Relationship Between Levels of Alcohol Use and Child Physical Abuse Summary: This study examined how different levels of drinking were related to the perpetration of child physical abuse in California. Methods. A general population telephone survey of 3,023 parents or legal guardians 18 years or older was conducted across 50 cities in California during March 2009 through October 2009. The telephone survey included items data on physically abusive parenting practices, drinking behaviors, and socio-demographic characteristics. Results. Ordered probit models found that heavier moderate drinkers, infrequent heavy drinkers, occasional heavy drinkers, and frequent heavy drinkers were all more likely to report engaging in physically abusive behaviors over the past year than were lifetime abstainers. The marginal effects for some demographic variables were statistically significant for participants who reported no and minor physical abuse. Conclusion. Parents who drink heavily infrequently or occasionally are not likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Children of these parents may be overlooked by both the substance abuse treatment and child welfare systems, meaning that without intervention or services they are at greater risk for future problems. Details: Los Angeles: California Center for Population Research, University of California - Los Angeles, 2010. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: PWP-CCPR-2010-017: Accessed December 3, 2010 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-CCPR-2010-017/PWP-CCPR-2010-017.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-CCPR-2010-017/PWP-CCPR-2010-017.pdf Shelf Number: 120370 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseChild Abuse and NeglectChild Maltreatment |
Author: Freisthler, Bridget Title: Alcohol Use, Drinking Venue Utilization, and Child Physical Abuse: Results from a Pilot Study Summary: A positive relationship between parents’ drinking and child physical abuse has been established. This paper examines how a parent’s use of drinking locations is related to physical abuse. A convenience sample of 103 parents was answered questions on physical abuse with the Conflict Tactics Scale – Parent Child version (CTS-PC), current drinking behavior, and the frequency with which they drank at different venues, including bars and parties. Probit models were used to assess relationships between parent demographics, drinking patterns, places of drinking and CTS-PC scores. Frequent drinking, frequent drinking in bars, parties in a parent’s own home, and frequent drinking at friends’ homes were positively related to child physical abuse. Drinking locations are related to child physical abuse. This suggests that time spent in these venues provides opportunities to mix with individuals that may share the same attitudes and norms towards acting violently. Details: Los Angeles: California Center for Population Research, University of California - Los Angeles, 2009. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: On-Line Working Paper Series, CCPR-036-09: Accessed December 6, 2010 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-CCPR-2009-036/PWP-CCPR-2009-036.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-CCPR-2009-036/PWP-CCPR-2009-036.pdf Shelf Number: 120390 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related CrimeChild Abuse and Neglect |
Author: World Health Organization Title: Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol Summary: Harmful use of alcohol results in the death of 2.5 million people annually, causes illness and injury to many more, and increasingly affects younger generations and drinkers in developing countries. Alcohol use is the third leading risk factor for poor health globally. A wide variety of alcohol-related problems can have devastating impacts on individuals and their families and can seriously affect community life. The harmful use of alcohol is one of the four most common modifiable and preventable risk factors for major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). There is also emerging evidence that the harmful use of alcohol contributes to the health burden caused by communicable diseases such as, for example, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. This report includes a number of policy options and interventions available for national action which can be grouped into 10 recommended target areas. These 10 areas are: (a) leadership, awareness and commitment (b) health services’ response (c) community action (d) drink-driving policies and countermeasures (e) availability of alcohol (f) marketing of alcoholic beverages (g) pricing policies (h) reducing the negative consequences of drinking and alcohol intoxication (i) reducing the public health impact of illicit alcohol and informally produced alcohol1 (j) monitoring and surveillance. Details: Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2011 at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/msbalcstragegy.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/msbalcstragegy.pdf Shelf Number: 120850 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Wood, Darryl S. Title: A Review of Research on Alcohol and Drug Use, Criminal Behavior, and the Criminal Justice System Response in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities Summary: This report considers research on the problem of crime resulting from alcohol and other drug abuse in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. It provides a review of published research from a variety of disciplines and it includes re-analyses of a number of secondary data sources. Overall, our understanding of alcohol and other drug related crime in AI/AN communities is mixed: the degree to which AI/AN substance use – especially alcohol abuse – accompanies violent crime is fairly well established, while our knowledge about the criminal justice response and legal remedies to the problem is sorely deficient. Details: Vancouver, WA: Washington State University Vancouver, Program in Public Affairs, 2009. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 28, 2011 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231348.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231348.pdf Shelf Number: 120879 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAmerican IndiansDrug AbuseDrug Abuse and Crime |
Author: Lyons, Suzi Title: Close to Home: A Study on the Misuse of Drugs and Alcohol in the Midland Region Summary: The Midlands Regional Drugs Task Force (MRDTF) commissioned this study in order to establish an evidence base for drug-related issues in the Midlands region to inform the development of appropriate strategies and to respond to these issues in four selected communities. A rapid situation assessment technique was used, bringing together information from several different sources as well as interviews and focus groups with key informants in four selected communities. The key findings include the following. The MRDTF area covers four counties with a population of approximately one-quarter of a million people, and has seen a rise in its population and a change of ethnic mix over the past years. Overall it has marginally lower educational levels and housing occupancy than the national levels. One in five of the population in the MRDTF area has used an illegal drug at least once in their lifetime. Younger adults, especially men used illegal drugs, however it is shown that a proportion of women have used legal drugs. The majority of alcohol and drug use appears to start before the age of 18. The serious impact of this is clear: two out of every five drug-related deaths in the MRDTF area was a person aged 20 to 29 years of age. Alcohol use is also very prevalent among the population and was the main problem substance treated in the region (2004 – 2007). It was also implicated as an additional substance in many cases treated for polysubstance use. Alcohol (in conjunction with another drug or substance) was implicated in over onequarter of drug-related deaths in the region. Cannabis was the most commonly used drug in the general population, but the data indicated that ecstasy, cocaine and heroin was also available in the region, along with a range of other illegal and legal drugs. Cocaine use emerged as a newer trend. An opiate (mainly heroin) was the main problem drug treated in the region. Heroin and other opiates were implicated in over one-third of all deaths due to poisonings reported in the MRDTF area between 1999 and 2005. While the number of people who sought treatment for benzodiazepine addiction was very small, there was evidence that it was being abused in the MRDTF area and has been implicated in more drug-related deaths in the area than any other substance. Benzodiazepines were used by opiate and alcohol users. Polysubstance use among drug users in the region was evident. The upward trend in prosecutions for heroin in the two Garda Divisions comprising the MRDTF area indicated that the heroin market has spread to these four counties. Although the number of prosecutions for cocaine was lower it follows a similar upward trend. Details: Offaly, Ireland: Midlands Regional Drugs Task Force, 2010. 111p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2011 at: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/13108/1/MRDTF_Report_Close_to_home.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/13108/1/MRDTF_Report_Close_to_home.pdf Shelf Number: 121060 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Abuse and Crime (Ireland)Drug OffendersDrug Offenses |
Author: Jones, Lisa Title: Reducing Harm in Drinking Environments: A Systematic Review of Effective Approaches Summary: Techniques used to reduce harm in drinking environments range from rigorous police enforcement of licensing and other legislation to co-operative approaches that seek to train staff in licensed premises and engage nightlife industries in socially responsible operating. With authorities often stretched to manage intoxication and related problems in busy drinking environments, understanding which interventions can have most effects on reducing alcohol-related harm is critical. This report provides the findings from a systematic literature review that aimed to explore the effects of interventions implemented in drinking environments on a range of harms, including alcohol consumption, under-age alcohol sales, violence and road traffic crashes. The review was based on a literature search of 10 databases including Medline, PsycINFO, ASSIA and other sources. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion against the following criteria: published since 1990, and examined an intervention with the aim of reducing harm associated with alcohol consumption, which was delivered in a drinking environment and targeted individuals, licensed alcohol serving outlets, or the sale and supply of alcohol via the off trade. Intervention studies of any design were eligible for inclusion. The literature search identified 47 studies that examined interventions designed to reduce harm in drinking environments. Seven studies examined the effectiveness of training programmes for servers and managers, five examined specific interventions delivered in pubs and bars, eight examined the enforcement of laws related to alcohol consumption, seven examined interventions aimed at reducing underage sales and 20 examined multi-component community-based programmes. Nine of the included studies were conducted in European countries including five in Sweden and four in the UK. The remaining studies were conducted in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable according to the study design used, and in general the methodological quality of the included studies was weak. The clearest indication of effectiveness resulted from multi-component programmes. In particular, across three well-designed and implemented programmes, which combined community mobilisation, RBS training, house policies and stricter enforcement of licensing laws, there was evidence that these programmes were effective in reducing assaults, traffic crashes, and underage sales. In particular, the Swedish STAD project, a multi-agency partnership between the police, licensing authorities, health services, the council and representatives of licensed premises, demonstrated success was based on a rigorous evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness of other intervention approaches was limited. Studies of server and bar management training programmes highlighted an overall low frequency of intervention and their effects on patrons’ alcohol consumption appeared to be minimal, except where training was mandated. A training and risk management programme had a modest effect on aggression. Patron targeted interventions, which included brief intervention and promotion of responsible drinking, had a limited impact on patron behaviours. Police campaigns and other approaches to the enforcement of alcohol sales laws were shown to be largely ineffective or short lived. The effectiveness of police intervention or increased enforcement of licensing laws in reducing alcohol-related incidents was not clear, but overall, targeted police intervention in high-risk premises appeared to be a more effective strategy than ‘low level’ policing. There is growing evidence that effective delivery of multi-component programmes in drinking environments can reduce alcohol-related harm, however, further research is required to assess the transferability of evidence about multi-component programmes in drinking environments to other settings. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 28, 2011 at: http://www.stap.nl/content/bestanden/literature-study-drinking-environments_1.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.stap.nl/content/bestanden/literature-study-drinking-environments_1.pdf Shelf Number: 121140 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Alcohol Arrest Referral: A Guide to Setting Up Schemes Summary: This document has been produced to assist commissioners of services e.g. Drug and Alcohol Action teams (DAATs) and project teams who are considering establishing or further developing Alcohol Arrest Referral (AAR) schemes. Arrest referral is a term generally used to describe the process of engaging in terms of a brief intervention with a detained person in a police custody suite and facilitating their referral into treatment or some other diversionary channel. This is typically done by conducting a brief intervention with the offender. Alcohol Arrest Referral schemes specifically look at individuals committing alcohol related offending and so are quite different from interventions designed to improve the health of an individual. This guidance provides a summary of some of the issues that have been identified in the Home Office Alcohol Arrest Referral pilot schemes that have been established primarily to examine the effectiveness of brief interventions in a criminal justice setting. Equally, and no less importantly, it also includes some of the experiences drawn from other locally funded projects that try to deliver a broader range of intervention. Details: London: Home Office, 2009. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2011 at: http://ranzetta.typepad.com/files/arr-ho-guidance-09.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://ranzetta.typepad.com/files/arr-ho-guidance-09.pdf Shelf Number: 121403 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.) |
Author: Oklahoma. Department of Corrections Title: Using Substances to Treat Alcoholism Summary: Despite years of continuing research and development of pharmaceutical approaches to reduce, control, and perhaps eliminate alcoholism and its impact on criminal justice, a gap remains between the science and the implementation. This paper reviews the highly positive cost-benefit of the approaches, some of the more recent advances and findings in pharmaceuticals and genetics, new ideas on supplying, monitoring, and delivering the remedies, and the ethical considerations that must be weighed in their application. Details: Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Department of Corrections, 2009. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: DOC White Paper: Accessed April 27, 2011 at: http://www.doc.state.ok.us/adminservices/ea/Alcoholism_White_Paper.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.doc.state.ok.us/adminservices/ea/Alcoholism_White_Paper.pdf Shelf Number: 121540 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCost-Benefit Analysis |
Author: Sweeney, Josh Title: Alcohol and Assault on Friday and Saturday Nights: Findings from the DUMA Program Summary: The Australian Institute of Criminology’s DUMA program presents a unique opportunity to examine the prevalence and nature of alcohol consumption by a sample of offenders detained by the police during times consistent with those targeted through Operation Unite. The findings provide valuable insight into the alcohol consumption patterns of assault offenders, illustrating not only that the majority of assault offenders had been drinking prior to their arrest, but that the quantities of alcohol they had consumed were likely to result in high levels of intoxication. Key findings: The AIC interviewed 170 assault offenders detained on Friday and Saturday nights as part of the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program. Analysis of questions about alcohol use provides valuable information to support a range of alcohol harm reduction strategies, including Operation Unite; Those charged with assault on Friday and Saturday nights were more likely than those charged at other times to have consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and attribute alcohol as a factor in their offending; Detainees who had consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and been charged with assault on a Friday and Saturday night were nearly twice as likely as those charged at other times to have been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank. This was particularly the case for young males aged 18 to 25 years (48%); Assault offenders consumed substantial amounts of alcohol in the lead up to their arrest. The median number of standard drinks consumed by assault offenders was 14, although this was higher for young males who had been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank (22 standard drinks); and Of those who had been drinking, half of all assault offenders consumed their last drink at a residential location. Thirty percent had been drinking at licensed premises. Younger males aged 18–25 years were more likely to have been drinking at a licensed premise. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: DUMA Quarterly Report: Research in Practice No. 14: Accessed May 4, 2011 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/6/D/F/%7B6DFDDF7C-7948-4786-AB77-3CA21CF0443B%7Drip14.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/6/D/F/%7B6DFDDF7C-7948-4786-AB77-3CA21CF0443B%7Drip14.pdf Shelf Number: 121611 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaults (Australia) |
Author: Uda, Terry Title: Drug and Alcohol Related Offenses and Arrests 2005-2009 Summary: Thie report addresses the numbers of alcohol and drug related offense and arrests between 2005 through 2009. The first section of the report gives an overall summary of drug and alcohol arrests. The report then presents arrestee demographic information; including race, ethnicity, gender and age. Also addressed are drug seizures and incidents that involved an offender or offenders suspected of using drugs and/or alcohol. The report concludes with a comparison of Idaho counties by alcohol arrests, drug arrests and drug seizures. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, 2011. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 9, 2011 at: Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 121684 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderArrest and ApprehensionDrug Offenders (Idaho)Drug Offenses |
Author: Morrish, Dawn Title: A Health Needs Assessment of the Hertfordshire Probation Trust Caseload Summary: There is much literature about the health, particularly mental health of prisoners, but very little about the health needs of offenders in the community. Offender Health Care Strategies concluded that offenders in the community would have similar needs to prisoners, mainly physical health, mental health and substance misuse needs. Whereas, at the end of March 2010 there were 85,184 people (80,894 males and 4,290 females) in custody in England and Wales a rise of 2,200 from March 2009. Amongst the remand population, the largest change since March 2009 by offence group was for drugs offences, which were up by 10%. One of the biggest requirements for community orders and suspended sentence orders from Q4 2008-Q4 2009 was for alcohol treatment, up by 13%. Compared to sentenced offenders there were 241,504 offenders being managed in the community by the National Probation Service as at end December, 2009. For Hertfordshire Probation Trust this figure was 3,487 compared to a prison population of 768 at HMP The Mount, Hertfordshire’s Category C male prison. If offender health is to be effectively addressed, the focus needs to widen to address offender health needs rather than emphasis on health care for prisoners. In the community many offenders seem to have difficulty accessing mainstream health services, and tend to overuse Accident and Emergency centres, but have very little provision of preventive health care or health promotion. The physical and mental health care needs of offenders in the criminal justice system have long been subject to calls for reform. Improving outcomes for this group is important both in terms of re-offending rates and successful rehabilitation. Offenders are subject to considerable health inequalities. They are much more likely to experience mental health problems or have a learning difficulty and are more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. Details: Hertfordshire, UK: Hertfordshire Probation Trust and National Health Service Hertfordshire, 2011. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 10, 2011 at: http://www.ohrn.nhs.uk/resource/policy/NeedsassessmentHertfordshireProbation.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ohrn.nhs.uk/resource/policy/NeedsassessmentHertfordshireProbation.pdf Shelf Number: 121693 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCommunity-based CorrectionsDrug Abuse TreatmentHealth CareMental Health ServicesProbationers (U.K.)RehabilitationSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Harvin, Judith Title: The Family Drug & Alcohol Court (FDAC) Evaluation Project Final Report Summary: This report presents the findings from the evaluation of the first pilot Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) in Britain. FDAC is a new approach to care proceedings, in cases where parental substance misuse is a key element in the local authority decision to bring proceedings. It is being piloted at the Inner London Family Proceedings Court in Wells Street. Initially the pilot was to run for three years, to the end of December 2010, but is now to continue until March 2012. FDAC is a specialist court for a problem that is anything but special. Its potential to help break the inter-generational cycle of harm associated with parental substance misuse goes straight to the heart of public policy and professional practice. Parental substance misuse is a formidable social problem and a factor in up to two-thirds of care cases. It is a major risk factor for child maltreatment, family separation and offending in adults, and for poor educational performance and substance misuse by children and young people. The parents’ many difficulties create serious problems for their children and place major demands on health, welfare and criminal justice services. For these reasons, parental substance misuse is a cross-cutting government agenda. FDAC is distinctive because it is a court-based family intervention which aims to improve children’s outcomes by addressing the entrenched difficulties of their parents. It has been adapted to English law and practice from a model of family treatment drug courts that is used widely in the USA and is showing promising results with a higher number of cases where parents and children were able to remain together safely, and with swifter alternative placement decisions for children if parents were unable to address their substance misuse successfully. The catalysts for the FDAC pilot were the encouraging evidence from the USA and concerns about the response to parental substance misuse through ordinary care proceedings in England: poor child and parent outcomes; insufficient co-ordination between adult and children’s services; late intervention to protect children; delay in reaching decisions; and the soaring costs of proceedings, linked to the cost of expert evidence. The aim of the evaluation was to describe the FDAC pilot and estimate its costs, identify set-up and implementation lessons, compare FDAC with ordinary care proceedings including a comparison of costs, and indicate whether this new approach might lead to better outcomes for children and parents. Details: London: Brunel University, 2011. 197p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2011 at: http://www.brunel.ac.uk/7067/FDAC/FDACEVALUATIONFINALREPORTMay2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.brunel.ac.uk/7067/FDAC/FDACEVALUATIONFINALREPORTMay2011.pdf Shelf Number: 121776 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol CourtsChild Abuse and NeglectChild ProtectionDrug Courts (U.K.) |
Author: Burgess, Melissa Title: The Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Assaults On and Around Licensed Premises Summary: The aim of this research was to estimate the proportion of assaults occurring on or around licensed premises, determine whether assaults are more likely to happen around licensed premises than elsewhere and estimate the effect of additional alcohol outlets (outlet density) on the incidence of assault. Clusters of licensed premises in the Sydney Local Government Area (LGA) were identified. The proportion of recorded assault incidents within 20, 50, 100 and 200 metre buffer zones around the licensed premises was calculated and compared with the proportion of land area covered by the buffer. The incidence of recorded assaults as a function of increasing counts of alcohol outlets was also examined. Assaults were found to be highly concentrated around licensed premises. Assaults tend to cluster around George Street in the central business district (CBD), Darlinghurst Road in Kings Cross, Oxford Street in Darlinghurst, King Street in Newtown and Glebe Point Road in Glebe. The highest concentrations of assault are in Kings Cross, Oxford Street in Darlinghurst and along George Street in the CBD. More than half of the assaults recorded by police in the Sydney CBD occur within 50 metres of a liquor outlet. Only 3 per cent of the Sydney LGA is within 20 metres of a liquor outlet, yet 37 per cent of assaults in Sydney LGA occurred in this space. The results suggest that each additional alcohol outlet per hectare in the Sydney LGA will result, on average, in 4.5 additional assaults per annum. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2011. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, No. 147: Accessed June 30, 2011 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB147.pdf/$file/CJB147.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB147.pdf/$file/CJB147.pdf Shelf Number: 121930 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)AssaultsLiquor Outlets |
Author: Sykes, Wendy Title: A Qualitative Study of Drinking and Driving: Report of Findings Summary: The Department for Transport commissioned qualitative research to provide in-depth understanding of the experiences, behaviour and attitudes of people who mix drinking and driving. The findings were to inform Department for Transport policy on drinking and driving, drink-drive campaigns, and quantitative surveys of drink driving. Fifty respondents were interviewed in-depth in June 2009, in six areas of England, which varied in terms of region and urban/rural location. Respondents included 20 drivers stopped over the limit within the previous three months, as well as 30 people who had driven after drinking at least once in the preceding six weeks – 18 who thought they were probably over the limit and 12 who thought they were probably under. The sample was skewed in favour of men and younger drivers under 30, but women and older drivers were well represented. Details: London: Department for Transport, 2010. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Road Safety Research Report No. 114: Accessed July 8, 2011 at: http://www2.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/research/rsrr/theme3/report14review.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www2.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/research/rsrr/theme3/report14review.pdf Shelf Number: 122008 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the Influence (U.K.)Drunk Driving |
Author: Harkins, Corinne Title: Evaluation of the Use of Alcohol Treatment Requirements and Alcohol Activity Requirements for Offenders in Cheshire Summary: Alcohol misuse is strongly related to crime and disorder including domestic abuse, anti-social behaviour, public disorder, sexual assault and road traffic accidents. Reducing alcohol-related offending and re-offending is a national government priority. In order to address such issues, Alcohol Activity Requirements (AARs) and Alcohol Treatment Requirements (ATRs) were introduced by Cheshire Probation Trust. AARs are aimed at those whose alcohol use is linked to their offending and are drinking above the recommended weekly limits. They form a structured package of extended brief interventions to provide offenders with a better understanding of alcohol, and to help them develop strategies to reduce consumption. The intervention is delivered by trained probation staff over a period of up to two months. Offenders are eligible for an AAR if they score 16-19 on AUDIT and their level of drinking is presenting a risk to their health or behaviour. The ATR provides a tailored treatment programme. It can consist of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling, education and preparation for medical detoxification. It is usually delivered by local treatment services such as Alcohol and Drug Services over six months to two years. Offenders would be eligible for an ATR if they scored 20 or more on AUDIT and were either moderately or severely dependent on alcohol. Cheshire Probation Trust commissioned the Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, to evaluate the impact of AARs and ATRs on offenders in Cheshire. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 6, 2011 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=721 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=721 Shelf Number: 122664 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.) |
Author: Derby Community Safety Partnership Title: Derbyshire's Alcohol Diversion Scheme Evaluation: Tackling the Binge Drinking Culture, March 2010 - April 2011 Summary: The Alcohol Diversion Scheme was created to deliver an effective brief intervention within a prevention model achieving behaviour and attitude change towards alcohol consumption with binge drinkers. The primary target group is young people 18-25. Derbyshire Constabulary have to be congratulated on their vision in developing a multi layered approach to their alcohol strategy. This scheme has demonstrated significant success in engaging this group. Arrest referral in Derbyshire predominantly delivers brief interventions to no-chronic drinkers. Only 180 of the 1500 clients they see are referred to treatment. The ADS achieves success in engaging the young binge drinking population. The success is built on the premise that binge drinkers are able to exercise relative control over their consumption and believe harm is related only to chronic drinking problems. Where this scheme demonstrates success it further evidences innovative thinking, complex integrated working practices with Derbyshire Constabulary result in a simple route to engage binge drinkers with an educational programme achieving behaviour and attitude change. The scheme is unique with its engagement technique; individuals issued with a fixed penalty notice £80 are enticed onto an educational programme for half the price £40. Their motivation for engagement is to save £40; it has nothing to do with seeking advice or information on alcohol use, however once engaged the educational programme built on a cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) foundation achieves the aims and objectives. Behaviour and attitude change has repeatedly been proven. Where this scheme again demonstrates innovation is the financing. The scheme requires only set up costs. Once established Druglink assertively market the scheme to all individuals issued with a PND, their attendance finances the cost of embedding the intervention. The scheme is not dependent on an annual grant. Druglink manage the data transfer, marketing ,booking and delivery, it has a robust performance management and quality assessment framework. It is this internal driving mechanism which pre dates the Government’s current thinking around social engagement and payment on success; in this case the offender is paying, not the Public Purse, success provides a self sustainable intervention accessing a significant population at high levels of risk associated with health and offending. The cost of alcohol misuse to the Public purse is damaging , NHS is in excess of £2.5 billion, crime and public disorder £7.3 billion, £6.4 billion in the workplace and an unquantifiable amount to social and family networks. The Derbyshire Alcohol Diversion scheme was launched in March 2010, during the past year 97 individuals completed 13 courses, 82% were male, 55% were under 25 of which 37% were aged 18-21. 78% had been a victim of alcohol related violence, 88% had been involved in an alcohol related physical altercation. One of the learning outcomes of the course is the significance of receiving an alcohol related PND and potential consequences. Following the course 98% believed they would receive a conviction possibly resulting in a custodial sentence for a subsequent alcohol related offence. Prior to attending the course they viewed their PND as inconsequential as a parking ticket. 96% stated they now understood the link between alcohol and their offending, 39% reported they had previously knowingly driven a car whilst under the influence of alcohol; post course no such incidents were reported. Other learning outcomes include the physical and psychological harms of alcohol—98% reported the course had significantly increased their knowledge of the harms and dangers associated with binge drinking. Experimentation with alcohol occurred most commonly 59% between 13-15 years old with 53% of this age group experiencing alcohol intoxication for the first time. The average alcohol consumption pre course was 36 units per week, this was reduced to 15 post course, well within the Government’s safe drinking guidelines (21 units weekly for a man and 14 units weekly for a woman). Frequency of drinking pre course was 4 days a week; this was halved post course to two days a week. There was a total of 84 alcohol related admissions to A&E pre course; post course there were zero admissions. 66% had an alcohol related sexual encounter one night stand, 38% had accessed the GUM clinic and 13% has been treated for an STI. Post course there were no reported one night stands. The scheme compliments local alcohol strategies, effectively engaging binge drinkers and delivering meaningful behaviour and attitude change, resulting in significant health and offending improvements. Currently this is the only effective model for engaging young binge drinkers that evidences reduction on consumption and frequency in consumption it provides an innovative technique employing sophisticated learning tools. During the last decade we are seeing chronic drinkers in their thirties and late twenties , a decade previous they were in their forties. If we are to redress this deeply concerning trend we must engage young binge drinkers with a prevention model. The Alcohol Diversion Scheme achieves this objective. The scheme appears simple on the surface, however there are sophisticated monitoring and data transfer processes which maintain the consistency of the learning process ensuring careful management of PNDs within the CJS. Details: Hemel Hempstead, Herts, UK: Druglink, 2011. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 12, 2011 at: http://www.druglink.co.uk/Uploads/Editor/Shared%20Folders/file/Download%20PDF%20Evaluation%20of%20Derbyshire%20Alcohol%20Diversion%20Scheme.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.druglink.co.uk/Uploads/Editor/Shared%20Folders/file/Download%20PDF%20Evaluation%20of%20Derbyshire%20Alcohol%20Diversion%20Scheme.pdf Shelf Number: 122723 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Alcohol Treatment ProgramsBinge Drinking |
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Title: Vital Signs: Alcohol-Impaired Driving Among Adults --- United States, 2010 Summary: Background: Alcohol-impaired driving crashes account for nearly 11,000 crash fatalities, or about one third of all crash fatalities in the United States. Methods: CDC analyzed data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey to obtain the prevalence, episodes, and rates of alcohol-impaired driving (defined as driving "when you've had perhaps too much to drink" in the past 30 days) among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years who responded to the survey by landline telephone. Results: In 2010, an estimated 4 million U.S. adult respondents reported at least one episode of alcohol-impaired driving, for an estimated total of approximately 112 million alcohol-impaired driving episodes or 479 episodes per 1,000 adult population. From a peak in 2006, such episodes decreased 30% through 2010. Men accounted for 81% of all episodes with young men aged 21--34 years accounting for 32% of all episodes. Additionally, 85% of alcohol-impaired driving episodes were reported by persons who also reported binge drinking, and the 4.5% of the adult population who reported binge drinking at least four times per month accounted for 55% of all alcohol-impaired driving episodes. Episode rates were nearly four times higher among persons who reported not always wearing seatbelts compared with persons who reported always wearing seatbelts. Conclusions: Rates of self-reported alcohol-impaired driving have declined substantially in recent years. However, rates remain disproportionally high among young men, binge drinkers, and those who do not always wear a seat belt. Implications for Public Health: States and communities should continue current evidence-based strategies, such as sobriety checkpoints and enforcement of 0.08 g/dL blood alcohol concentration laws to deter the public from driving while impaired. Additionally, all states should consider requiring ignition interlocks on the vehicles of all persons convicted of alcohol-impaired driving. States without primary seatbelt laws should consider enacting them to reduce fatalities in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. Details: Washington, DC: CDC, 2011. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Oct. 4, 2011: Accessed October 26, 2011 at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6039a4.htm?s_cid=mm6039a4_w Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6039a4.htm?s_cid=mm6039a4_w Shelf Number: 123156 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the Influence (U.S.)Drunk Driving |
Author: Gronqvist, Hans Title: Alcohol Availability and Crime: Lessons from Liberalized Weekend Sales Restrictions Summary: In February 2000, the Swedish state monopoly alcohol retail company launched a large scale experiment in which all stores in selected counties were allowed to keep open on Saturdays. We assess the effects on crime of this expansion in access to alcohol. To isolate the impact of the experiment from other factors, we compare conviction rates in age cohorts above and below the national drinking age restriction in counties where the experiment had been implemented, and contrast these differences to those in counties that still prohibited weekend alcohol commerce. Our analysis relies on extensive individual conviction data that have been merged to population registers. After demonstrating that Saturday opening of alcohol shops significantly raised alcohol sales, we show that it also increased crime. The increase is confined to crimes committed on Saturdays and is driven by illegal activity among individuals with low ability and among persons with fathers that have completed at least some secondary education. Although the increases in crime and alcohol sales were slightly higher during the initial phase of the experiment, our evidence suggests that both effects persist over time. Our analysis reveals that the social costs linked to the experiment exceed the monetary benefits. Details: Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, 2011. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper 9/2011: Accessed November 7, 2011 at: http://www.sofi.su.se/content/1/c6/03/09/74/WP11no9.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Sweden URL: http://www.sofi.su.se/content/1/c6/03/09/74/WP11no9.pdf Shelf Number: 123257 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Sweden) |
Author: Palk, Gavan Rogert Mark Title: Parliamentary Inquiry into Alcohol-Related Violence Summary: Alcohol consumption has been a popular leisure activity among Australian since European Settlement. Australians currently consume 7.2 litres per capita pure alcohol and Australia in regards to alcohol consumption is ranked as the 22nd highest country of 58 countries. Although the alcohol industry has provided leisure, employment and government taxes, alcohol use has also become associated with chronic health problems, crime, public disorder and violence. Drunken and disorderly behaviour is commonly associated with Pubs, Clubs and Hotels, particularly in the late night entertainment areas. Historically, drunkenness and disorderly behaviour has been managed by measures such as floggings, jail and treatment in asylums. Alcohol has also been banned in specific areas and restrictions have applied to hours and days of operation. In more recent times alcohol policies have included extended trading hours, restricted trading hours and bans in some Aboriginal communities in order to reduce alcohol-related violence. Community and business partnerships in and around licensed premises have also developed in order to address the noise, violence and disorderly behaviour that often occurs in the evenings and early mornings. There is an urgent need for the government to be more robust about implementing effective alcohol control policies in order to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of alcohol. Details: Brisbane: Law, Justice and Safety Committee, Queensland Parliament, 2009. 160p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/41651/ Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/41651/ Shelf Number: 123350 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Breen, Courtney Title: Alcohol-Related Crime: Finding a Suitable Measure for Community-Level Analyses Using Routinely Collected Date Summary: Alcohol misuse causes substantial public health harm. Strategies have been proposed to reduce alcohol-related harm at the community-level, which requires suitable community-level measures to monitor changes over time and between communities. For alcohol-related crime, certain offences occurring at certain times that often involve alcohol have been used as a proxy measure. There is currently no adequate empirical rationale for identifying the most reliable proxy measure of alcohol-related crime. This report examines the suitability of three measures of alcohol-related crime. Police records of reported incidents from twenty communities in NSW, Australia, that were involved in a community-wide randomised controlled trial to reduce alcohol-related harm were examined. Three measures were derived; i) serious assaults only, ii) a broader range of assaults and iii) assaults and public nuisance offences. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) account for various sources of variability and correlation of longitudinal data and were used to determine reliability estimates for model parameters and in the calculation of the intraclass correlations (ICC). The broadest measure of alcohol-related crime (assaults and public nuisance offences) was found to have the highest reliability estimates between communities at a given time point and over time. This measure also had the highest ICC, indicating relatively more variability in the measure can be attributed to differences between towns rather than changes over time. The HLM approach gives more accurate reliability estimates than could be assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA. For the communities from where these data derive, the broadest measure is the most reliable for comparing rates of alcohol-related crime between them, and for assessing intervention effects over time. Details: Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2011. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical Report No. 317: Accessed November 23, 2011 at: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/shared_files/ndarc/resources/TR.317.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/shared_files/ndarc/resources/TR.317.pdf Shelf Number: 123433 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)AssaultsDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Cook, Philip J. Title: The Virtuous Tax: Lifesaving and Crime-Prevention Effects of the 1991 Federal Alcohol-Tax Increase Summary: On January 1, 1991, the federal excise tax on beer doubled, and the tax rates on wine and liquor increased as well. These changes are larger than the typical state-level changes that have been used to study the effect of price on alcohol abuse and its consequences. In this paper, we develop a method to estimate some important effects of those large 1991 changes, exploiting the interstate differences in alcohol consumption. We demonstrate that the relative importance of drinking in traffic fatalities is closely tied to per capita alcohol consumption across states. As a result, we expect that the proportional effects of the federal tax increase on traffic fatalities would be positively correlated with per capita consumption. We demonstrate that this is indeed the case, and infer estimates of the price elasticity and lives saved in each state. We repeat this exercise for other injury-fatality rates, and for nine categories of crime. For each outcome, the estimated effect of the tax increase is negatively related to average consumption, and that relationship is highly significant for the overall injury death rate, the violent crime rate, and the property crime rate. A conservative estimate is that the federal tax reduced injury deaths by 4.7%, or almost 7,000, in 1991. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper No. 17709: Accessed January 12, 2012 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17709 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17709 Shelf Number: 123564 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunk DrivingFederal TaxationTraffic Fatalities |
Author: Anderson, D. Mark Title: Medical Marijuana Laws, Traffic Fatalities, and Alcohol Consumption Summary: To date, 16 states have passed medical marijuana laws, yet very little is known about their effects. Using state-level data, we examine the relationship between medical marijuana laws and a variety of outcomes. Legalization of medical marijuana is associated with increased use of marijuana among adults, but not among minors. In addition, legalization is associated with a nearly 9 percent decrease in traffic fatalities, most likely to due to its impact on alcohol consumption. Our estimates provide strong evidence that marijuana and alcohol are substitutes. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor, 2011. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA DP No. 6112: Accessed January 18, 2012 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp6112.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp6112.pdf Shelf Number: 123651 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the InfluenceMedical MarijuanaTraffic Fatalities |
Author: Haire, E.R. Title: Use of Warrants to Reduce Breath Test Refusals: Experiences From North Carolina Summary: Many States experience high rates of breath test refusals among DWI suspects. The objective of this study was to examine one possible strategy to decrease refusals rates—the use of a search warrant to obtain blood samples from a driver who refuses to provide a breath sample. Three counties in North Carolina established the use of warrants in cases of breath test refusals and were research sites. This report presents case study information on their experiences with the implementation and use of warrants. The program evaluation examined whether the use of warrants reduced refusal rates in the participating counties. However, many of the counties were unable to implement a program during the timeframe of the study, and others did not achieve much program strength. This report includes data from the evaluation effort. However, given the various methodological issues that occurred during this study, it is not possible to determine whether observed decreases in refusal rates were a result of the warrants program. In general, police officers in these participating counties report that the 15 to 60 minutes of added processing time needed to obtain a warrant and draw blood was time well spent, and that the chemical evidence obtained from blood was of great value. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Behavioral Safety Research, 2011. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: DOT HS 811 461: Accessed January 19, 2012 at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811461.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811461.pdf Shelf Number: 123666 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Impaired Driving (U.S.)Breat TestDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingSearch Warrant |
Author: Crowe, Ann H. Title: Underage Drinking: Intervention Principles and Practice Guidelines for Community Correction Summary: For more than two decades, the people of the United States have benefited from a uniform minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) of 21. This has been one of the most successful public health regulations ever implemented (Voas, 2006). Many thousands of lives have been saved and tragedies averted. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the MLDA law has saved almost 24,000 lives in traffic crashes alone since 1975, when states began raising the drinking age. This figure does not include the many thousands of other types of injury and death that can result from alcohol use and that have been prevented since the law was changed (Jones, Pieper, & Robertson, 1992). These laws are highly effective, but they do require continued commitment and effort for enforcement. Underage drinking is both a public safety and a public health challenge in the United States. More notably, however, as is brought forth in the Surgeon General’s Call to Action To Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007), underage drinking is an issue that our society continues to grapple with and work to overcome for the betterment of our nation’s youth. Many of the strategies to reduce underage drinking have focused on decreasing the availability of alcohol to underage drinkers, reducing opportunities and occasions for underage drinking, and diminishing the demand for alcohol among youth. These strategies have proved to be successful, but young people do continue to engage in illegal alcohol consumption and to be exposed to the many risks it entails. A thoughtful and comprehensive approach to dealing with underage drinkers is clearly needed. Only in recent years has our society begun to truly grapple with this issue, particularly at the federal level. One of the most prominent agencies within the federal government that has taken action to address underage drinking is the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Since its inception in 1974, OJJDP has supported local and state efforts to prevent delinquency and improve the juvenile justice system. In 1998, Congress gave OJJDP the authority to administer the Enforcement of Underage Drinking Laws (EUDL) program. The EUDL program supports and enhances efforts by states and local jurisdictions to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors and to prevent underage drinking by minors. Close partnerships between law enforcement agencies and communitybased groups involved in preventing and intervening in underage drinking are strongly encouraged by the program. As the only federal program devoted exclusively to preventing alcohol consumption by minors, OJJDP offers states and local jurisdictions funding, comprehensive training, and technical assistance to guide them in their efforts (see OJJDP, 2009). The community corrections field, specifically probation and diversion, performs an important role in the EUDL program in both prevention and intervention when dealing with underage drinking offenders.1 Community corrections professionals can work closely with judges, attorneys, and other justice professionals to handle each underage drinking case in the most effective and appropriate fashion. Community corrections professionals can also work with community-based groups in efforts to prevent underage drinking through community-wide initiatives that reach both parents and youth. Appendix A provides some examples of local and state EUDL coalitions in which community corrections agencies have partnered. Details: Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association, 2011. 111p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 6, 2012 at: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/appa/pubs/UDIPPGCC.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/appa/pubs/UDIPPGCC.pdf Shelf Number: 123996 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCommunity CorrectionsDrunk and DisorderlyDrunk DrivingUnderage Drinking |
Author: Barton, Adrian Title: Screening and Brief Intervention in the Charles Cross Custody Suite - Final Report Summary: Inappropriate and problematic use of alcohol by sections of the population which leads to alcohol related crime and disorder is acknowledged as being a major and growing problem in the UK. In response, the government has launched two sets of initiatives each with different aims. One set are aimed at the drinkers themselves and seek to change behaviour and the other set are criminal justice led and aimed at using the criminal justice agencies to address alcohol related crime and disorder. One such example is the Alcohol Misuse Enforcement Campaigns (AMEC). Whilst police led campaigns have delivered some success they tend to prioritize a situational approach to the problem and ignore the individual and motivational aspect of the hazardous and harmful use of alcohol. This is to be expected as very few police forces or police officers are trained or equipped to offer advice about harmful or hazardous drinking to individuals. Moreover, in the context in which schemes such as AMEC are delivered there is little scope for the officers to meaningfully engage with problem drinkers at a level which they can address motivation – indeed it is often the case that police officers and hazardous and harmful drinkers will be in conflict when they meet. However, as the Drug Interventions Programme (DIP) has demonstrated the criminal justice system can be a very effective vehicle through which substance mis-users can access information and treatment and this, in part, led to the development of the Screening and Brief Intervention programme (SBI) being piloted in Plymouth. Details: Plymouth, UK: University of Plymouth, 2008. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2012 at http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/SSB/Alchohol%20Intervention%20final%20report.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/SSB/Alchohol%20Intervention%20final%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 124151 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Police Behavior |
Author: Carpenter, Christopher Title: The Drinking Age, Alcohol Consumption, and Crime Summary: We use exogenous variation in alcohol consumption induced by the Minimum Legal Drinking Age to estimate the causal effect of alcohol consumption on crime. Individuals just over age 21 are 31 percent more likely to report having recently consumed alcohol and report drinking on 57 percent more days than individuals just under 21. This increase in alcohol consumption results in a 6 percent increase in arrests mostly due to robberies, assaults, alcohol-related offenses, and nuisance crimes. The results imply an elasticity of about .10, which suggests that policies that affect the alcohol consumption of young adults can substantially affect crime. Details: Irvine, CA: University of California Irvine, 2010. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 28, 2012 at http://web.gsm.uci.edu/~kittc/Carpenter_Dobkin_Crime_website_01192011.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://web.gsm.uci.edu/~kittc/Carpenter_Dobkin_Crime_website_01192011.pdf Shelf Number: 125080 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Baldwin, Helen Title: Evaluation of Liverpool's Criminal Justice Alcohol Treatment Pilot: Final Report Summary: The Centre for Public Health at Liverpool John Moores University undertook an evaluation of Liverpool's Criminal Justice Alcohol Treatment Pilot, commissioned by Liverpool DAAT. The pilot encompassed the Alcohol Treatment Requirement (ATR), a court mandated requirement to attend alcohol treatment for a six-month period and the Alcohol Treatment Programme (ATP), a voluntary programme for offenders contacted through arrest referral or on non-ATR Probation supervision. The Lighthouse Project was responsible for the provision of alcohol treatment to offenders who accessed the scheme via these two referral pathways. The pilot aimed to engage offenders who had committed an alcohol-related offence, and who were identified as alcohol dependent, in treatment specifically designed to tackle their alcohol misuse and in turn reduce the likelihood of them re-offending. Measures of clients' drinking, offending, health and related behaviours were recorded at initial assessment, at three-month review and upon completion at six months. Comparison of measures between these stages revealed desirable outcomes for the client group, including a statistically significant reduction in AUDIT scores. Improvements were largely attributable to the relationships built between clients and their alcohol treatment workers and in many cases, their Probation offender managers. One-to-one discussions were fundamental in promoting positive changes in clients' attitudes and behaviours. The consistency and dependability of workers were also important factors. A stakeholder consultation gave insight into the processes and running of the scheme. Communication between Probation and Lighthouse staff was effective although role boundaries appeared to overlap. While clients were confident and optimistic about their ability to tackle their alcohol problems beyond the treatment period, a formal framework for aftercare needed to be established in order to ensure continued support was available to those who required it, to minimise risks of relapse and further conviction. The short time period for the pilot limited numbers and therefore made conclusions around the potential success of the scheme on a wider scale difficult to draw. Assessment of re-conviction over a substantially larger period would be necessary in order to form any concrete conclusions on the schemes effectiveness in tackling offending. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Health and Applied Social Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Research Directorate: Liverpool John Moores University, 2009. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2012 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=637 Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=637 Shelf Number: 125112 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Liverpool)Alcohol Treatment Programs |
Author: Pompidou Group Title: Policy Paper Providing Guidance to Policy Makers for Developing Coherent Policies for Licit and Illicit Drugs Summary: Drug policies fall within states’ responsibility, leading to a variety of national action plans and strategies reflecting the diversity of situations in the different countries. To make the most of this diversity, other countries’ experiences are widely discussed and taken into account. While there is a wish to learn about different policies and strategies in Europe, language continues to be a barrier since many of the relevant documents are not translated. An ever-increasing amount of documentation on evidence-related research, guidelines, manuals and good practice inventories is now available. At the same time, a significant number of international legal and political instruments need to be taken into account when developing and implementing action plans and strategies. In addition, there are various tools developed by international governmental and non-governmental bodies. However, qualified overviews allowing policy makers quickly to identify instruments and tools relevant to their work are rare, or even non-existent. The sheer quantity of available resources has grown to the point where giving them adequate consideration is becoming impossible. Furthermore, much of the material available is targeted at professionals and rarely at those involved in policy decisions. This policy paper aims to provide decision makers and policy managers with an overview of the basic principles, instruments and tools that will support them in developing, reviewing and implementing drug policies, strategies and action plans. It summarises key elements for coherent drug policies and effective strategies in the form of a series of guiding principles. It also lists a selection of relevant instruments, tools and resources proposed by European and international organisations (Appendix 1) and sets out a number of key observations by policy makers on existing practice (Appendix 2). Details: Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2012. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2012 at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/default_en.asp Year: 2012 Country: Europe URL: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/default_en.asp Shelf Number: 125133 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Policy (Europe)Drug Use and AbuseIllicit Drugs |
Author: Lindsay, V.L. Title: Characteristics of Alcohol Impaired Road Users Involved in Casualty Crashes Summary: This report links data from multiple sources to present a more comprehensive profile of the person, crash and licensing characteristics of a group of road users involved in a casualty crash as a result of alcohol impairment. Participants were drawn from data collected for those active road users who were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital as a result of crash involvement over the three year period between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010. An objective alcohol reading was known for 1204 of the 1490 cases in the study. Acute alcohol intoxication was found to be a contributing factor to crash causation in 274 of these 1204 cases, constituting 22.76% of this group. Impairment as the result of alcohol was found across all road user types but was particularly noted amongst pedestrians (55.8% of pedestrians that were tested) and drivers (24.3% of drivers that were tested). An established diagnosis of alcohol dependence at the time of crash involvement was identified for 146 of the 1490 participants in this study, constituting 9.8% of all participants. Indigenous Australians were identified as a vulnerable group found to be at an increased risk of being involved in a crash as the result of alcohol impairment. More than 40 per cent of those participants identified as being alcohol impaired in this study were found to have incurred at least one previous infringement that involved driving with an alcohol level above 0.05gm/100ml and were twice as likely to have had at least one period of licence disqualification when compared with those road users who were not found to be impaired. Details: Adelaide: Centre for Automotive Safety Research, The University of Adelaide, 2012. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 10, 2012 at: http://casr.adelaide.edu.au/casrpubfile/1200/CASR105.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://casr.adelaide.edu.au/casrpubfile/1200/CASR105.pdf Shelf Number: 125237 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the Influence(Australia)Drunk DrivingLicense SuspensionRecidivism |
Author: DeMichele, Matthew Title: Predicting Repeat DWI: Chronic Offending, Risk Assessment, and Community Supervision Summary: Between 1981 and 2008, nearly 550,000 individuals were killed in alcohol-related traffic accidents. To put this in perspective, the state of Wyoming has approximately 540,000 residents. Several major U.S. cities, such as Tuscon, Az., Atlanta, Ga; Kansas City, Mo., and Long Beach, Calif., are home to fewer residents. While such a high number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities is staggering, there is reason to believe the policy changes emphasizing different practices to control drunk driving have, in fact, reduced the number of drunk driving deaths. Consider that between 1982 and 1988, 171,681 alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred. In comparison, between 2002 and 2008, 113,403 alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred – a reduction of 33.9 percent. In comparing year by year reductions, the number of drunk driving fatalities decreased by nearly 50 percent when comparing the number of fatalities in 1982 (26,173) to the number of fatalities in 2008 (13,846). The reduction in the number of alcohol-related traffic deaths can be attributed to a number of different factors, most of which center around changes in policies and practices related to the legislative control of drunk driving. In particular, increases in the minimum drinking age, lowered illegal thresholds for blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), increased use of monetary sanctions such as fines, increased use of incarceration for drunk drivers, more focused use of substance abuse treatment, expanded use of electronic monitoring, and stricter community-based supervision practices carried out by probation and parole officers have played a role in reducing the number of drunk driving deaths. Despite the reduction in the number of drunk driving deaths, additional changes in policies and practices are needed in order to further reduce the extent of drunk driving. Using principles of evidence-based practices, in this project the American Probation and Parole Association conducted a risk assessment study to develop a pilot risk assessment instrument that can be used to identify convicted offenders who are at an increased risk for future drunk driving. This process entailed reviewing prior research on drunk driving, addressing the way that criminological theory explains drunk driving, developing a methodology to study drunk driving, conducting a study on a sample of 3,884 convicted drunk drivers, statistically analyzing factors that seemed to predict levels of repeat drunk driving, and developing a pilot instrument from these findings. Six assumptions have guided this process: Risk for drunk driving can be predicted. Efforts to predict risk should be guided by research and evidence-based practices. Policies and practices developed from risk assessment research will further reduce the extent of future drunk driving. Predicting risk will not eliminate drunk driving completely, but it will help to reduce it. Community-based corrections professionals are in a prime position to reduce drunk driving. Policy makers will continue to play an important role in controlling drunk driving. The next stage of this project will entail the application of the risk assessment instrument to a sample of drunk-driving offenders convicted in various states. By identifying which offenders are most at risk for future drunk driving, policy makers and criminal justice officials will be in a position to develop control strategies that target those offenders most at risk for re-offending. This will make our highways safer and reduce the number of alcohol-related accidents. Details: Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association, 2012. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 27, 2012 at: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/PRDWI-DRAFT.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/PRDWI-DRAFT.pdf Shelf Number: 125416 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk Driving (U.S.)Risk Assessment |
Author: Losel, Friedrich A. Title: Strengthening Transnational Approaches to Reducing Reoffending: Final Report Summary: The STARR Cambridge Team has produced six research products, comprising three systematic reviews and three questionnaire surveys. These products have focused on interventions to reduce reoffending among three offence categories, respectively: young offenders, domestic violence perpetrators, and substance abusing offenders. The questionnaire survey also gathered additional information on interventions to reduce reoffending among alcohol abusing offenders. The three systematic reviews investigated the current state of European evidence on programmes to reduce reoffending in each of the three primary offence categories under STARR’s purview. The questionnaire surveys clarified our understanding of what is currently practiced throughout Europe in reoffending programmes. We summarise the key conclusions from each of our primary research outputs below. Readers seeking further elaboration of the methods, processes, and outcomes are referred to the corresponding Appendices. In addition to conducting primary research, the Cambridge Team has made various other contributions to the STARR project: 1. support of the project partners in the design and execution of a series of focus groups on obstacles to programme evaluation; 2. provision of research guidance and expertise in the execution of the STARR project partners’ pilot projects in Bulgaria, Hungary, and France; 3. assistance in the organisation of the STARR seminars and conferences; 4. lectures at all STARR conferences; and 5. facilitation of group workshops at three STARR conferences and seminars. Furthermore, we have bolstered STARR’s international presence by disseminating selected findings in invited plenary lectures at a number of conferences; e.g., at the International Prisons and Corrections Conference at Ghent, Belgium (2010), International Conference of Psychology and Law at Miami, USA (2011), and the Summit of the Chinese Criminological Society at Hangzhou, China (2011). Details: Cambridge, UK: Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, 2012(?). 158p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2012 at: http://www.cepprobation.org/uploaded_files/Rep%20STARR%20ENG.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.cepprobation.org/uploaded_files/Rep%20STARR%20ENG.pdf Shelf Number: 125369 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCorrectional TreatmentDomestic ViolenceDrug Offenders, TreatmentJuvenile Offenders, TreatmentRecidivismReoffending |
Author: Victoria. Auditor-General Title: Effectiveness of Justice Strategies in Preventing and Reducing Alcohol-Related Harm Summary: The audit assessed the effectiveness of the Department of Justice, Victoria Police and the Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation in preventing and reducing the impact of alcohol-related harm on the community. Alcohol-related harm costs Victoria an estimated $4.3 billion per year. Despite the implementation of various strategies and initiatives, the level of reported alcohol-related harm has increased significantly over the past 10 years. Harm minimisation efforts have been hampered by the lack of a whole-of-government policy position on the role of alcohol in society, by poorly chosen, implemented and evaluated initiatives, by inconsistent and cumbersome liquor licensing processes and legislation, and by a lack of coordinated, intelligence-led and targeted enforcement. The Department of Justice's initiatives to prevent and reduce alcohol-related harm were fragmented, superficial and reactive instead of targeted, evidence-based, complementary and well coordinated. The liquor licensing regime is not effectively minimising alcohol-related harm. This is due to a lack of transparency in decision-making, insufficient guidance on regulatory processes, administrative errors, poor quality data and a lack of engagement from councils. There is no overarching whole-of-government enforcement strategy to comprehensively address unlawful supply, particularly service to intoxicated patrons and minors, which is the cause of much alcohol-related harm. Inaccurate and incomplete data is further hampering enforcement efforts. A fundamental change in approach to strategy development, licensing and enforcement is required before any noticeable impact on reducing harm is likely. Details: Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer, 2012. 100p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2012 at: http://www.audit.vic.gov.au/reports_and_publications/latest_reports/2011-12/20120620-alcohol.aspx Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.audit.vic.gov.au/reports_and_publications/latest_reports/2011-12/20120620-alcohol.aspx Shelf Number: 125546 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Drunk and Disorderly |
Author: Jones, Lisa Title: The Economic and Social Costs of Alcohol-Related Harm in Leeds 2008-09 Summary: Alcohol plays an important role in society, being consumed by the majority of adults and making an important contribution to the economy. However, the consumption of alcohol has health and social consequences borne both by individuals and their families, and by the wider community - the cost of alcohol in Leeds to the NHS alone has been estimated to be in excess of £20 million per year. The purpose of this report is to present estimates of the wider economic and social costs of alcohol-related harm in Leeds. Identifying the costs of alcohol-related harm is essential in informing decision-making across government and multi-agency partners regarding alcohol policy, investment in and commissioning of alcohol interventions at a regional and local level, and at an individual level, influencing lifestyle behaviour. Using cost of illness methodology this report attempts to identify and quantify, in economic terms, the impact of alcohol-related harm in Leeds through expenditure on: • The costs of health and social care for people with alcohol-related ill health, including services provided by NHS Leeds and Leeds City Council; • Criminal justice system costs for alcohol-specific and alcohol-related crimes; • The costs of productivity losses in the workplace due to absenteeism, reduced productivity and premature mortality; and • An estimate of the intangible or human costs, representing the wider impacts of premature death. Alcohol also makes an important contribution to the economy, for example through the key role it plays within the leisure and tourist industry, and the report considers the contribution that the production, distribution and sale of alcohol makes to the Leeds economy. The methods used to estimate the economic and social costs of alcohol-related harm in Leeds were based on approaches used in other costing studies, in particular those related to alcohol misuse. These methods aim to identify and measure all costs related to alcohol misuse, including the direct costs, indirect costs in the form of production losses, and intangible or ‘human’ costs. Estimates of the economic and social costs of alcohol-related harm in Leeds in 2008/09 totalled £438.0 million across the four categories as follows: Health and social care; Criminal justice system; Workplace and lost productivity; and Wider social and economic costs. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=713 Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=713 Shelf Number: 125985 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Costs of CrimeCosts of Criminal Justice |
Author: Moore, Simon Title: A Multi-Agency Community-Based Intervention to Reduce Excessive Drinking in Cardiff City Centre Summary: This project’s purpose was the reduction of alcohol-related harm in Cardiff city centre through a sustainable community-based intervention. The project developed existing methodologies (Holder 2000) to examine levels of intoxication in Cardiff city centre, audit hotspot city centre locations and individual drinkers for binge drinking and disorder and to share this information with key partners. The project used three strategies to reduce alcohol-related problems in Cardiff city centre: Development and implementation of city centre and individual risk assessments (including an alcometer survey). Improvement of the regulation of licensed premises and reduction of alcohol miss-selling through feedback of risk assessments to licensees and the Cardiff Community Safety Partnership (CCSP: including the licensing committee). Provision of funded licensed premises server training to staff. Drinker and environmental surveys were carried out between the hours of 11 pm and 3am on one Friday and one Saturday each month for twelve months. Surveyors questioned and breathalysed respondents, and audited the immediate environment for evidence of disorder and risk. The project brought together licensees, South Wales Police, Cardiff Substance Misuse Action Team and Cardiff University to tackle alcohol misuse and disorder in Cardiff city centre in the context of existing, well-developed partnership activity. The project successfully engaged the local community, including bar staff, through a positive media campaign and targeted server training. The public campaign emphasised the positive aspects of Cardiff and how disorder and alcohol misuse were being successfully targeted through this and other community interventions. Details: London: Alcohol Education and Research Council, UK: 2006. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0036.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0036.pdf Shelf Number: 125990 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Alcoholism |
Author: Shakeshaft, Anthony Title: Alcohol Related Crime in City of Sydney Local Government Area: An Analysis for the Council of the City of Sydney Summary: There has been considerable recent concern about escalating rates of alcohol-related harm in inner Sydney from both the City of Sydney Council and residents. NDARC was approached to provide an empirical description of whether rates of alcohol-related crime in the inner city areas of Kings Cross and Darlinghurst have been increasing over time. The aim of this project is to apply a surrogate measure of alcohol-related crime to Sydney LGA to determine whether rates of crime have increased over time. This report has three broad aims: 1. To identify evidence-based strategies in the literature that local governments might reasonably implement to reduce the impact of alcohol-related harm on their communities. 2. To quantify the cumulative impacts of alcohol-related crime on Kings Cross and Darlinghurst areas in Sydney. 3. To examine whether a saturation, or tipping point, has been reached. Details: Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2011. 63p. Source: Internet Resource: NDARC Monograph No. 63: Accessed September 10, 2012 at: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/ndarc.cms.med.unsw.edu.au/files/ndarc/resources/NDARC%20monograph%2063.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/ndarc.cms.med.unsw.edu.au/files/ndarc/resources/NDARC%20monograph%2063.pdf Shelf Number: 126291 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Sydney, AustraliaDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Wybron, Deb Title: ACT Women and Prisons - Invisible Bars: The Stories behind the Stats Summary: Australia’s culture of institutionalisation remains today, in the form of prisons, remand centres, youth detention centres, mental health facilities and immigration detention centres to name a few. While this paper focuses mainly on women with lived experience of prison, it argues that prisons cannot be considered in isolation from other institutions and outside the greater context of Australia’s history. The reality is that the majority of Australians in prison today have experienced some form of institutional or out-of-home ‘care’ as young people. There is significant evidence to suggest that institutionalisation has a profoundly negative impact on people’s health and well-being, which continues long after they return to the community. Unsurprisingly, the status of Australian women with lived prison experience is frighteningly poor, with research showing that they are more likely to have mental health issues, drug and alcohol problems and to have experienced physical, emotional and sexual violence than women in the broader community. This paper presents the stories of six ACT (Australian Capital Territory) women with a variety of lived prison experiences. While these courageous women told their stories as part of this project, it is acknowledged that there are many more women, who for a variety of reasons have not yet had the opportunity to do so. Information was also gathered from eight ACT women’s service providers who regularly support women with lived experience of prison and institutionalisation. The experiences of all of these women were recorded, and the content analysed using a technique known as ‘thematic analysis.’ Through this analysis, 12 core themes and 10 sub-themes were identified in the women’s conversations. These themes are discussed and a variety of literature is presented to support and validate the women’s experiences. Following this discussion, a section is dedicated to understanding Australia’s history of institutionalisation and the impacts it has had on women with lived prison experience. The paper concludes with a statement of commitment from the agencies involved, which details how they will work together to move forward in addressing the unmet needs of these women. The information gathered in this paper provides significant insight into the impact that imprisonment and institutionalisation has had on these women’s lives. The Women’s Centre for Health Matters (WCHM) and the ACT Women and Prisons Group (WAP) hope that this information will assist counselors, social workers, case managers and other professionals who support women with lived prison experience to better meet their needs. The paper will also be a useful resource for community groups who want to undertake similar activities that allow other marginalised group to have their stories listened to. Details: Mawson, Australia: Women's Centre for Health Matters, Inc., 2009. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 13, 2012 at http://www.wchm.org.au/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=35769 Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.wchm.org.au/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=35769 Shelf Number: 126342 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDemographic TrendsFemale Inmates (Australia)Female Prisoners (Australia)Inmates, Mental HealthRecidivismSubstance Abuse |
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Title: Teen Drinking and Driving: A Dangerous Mix Summary: The percentage of teens in high school who drink and drive has decreased by more than half since 1991, but more can be done. Nearly one million high school teens drank alcohol and got behind the wheel in 2011. Teen drivers are 3 times more likely than more experienced drivers to be in a fatal crash. Drinking any alcohol greatly increases this risk for teens. Research has shown that factors that help to keep teens safe include parental involvement, minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws, and graduated driver licensing systems. These proven steps can protect the lives of more young drivers and everyone who shares the road with them. Details: Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012. 4p. Source: CDC Vitalsigns: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2012 at http://www.cdc.gov/VitalSigns/pdf/2012-10-vitalsigns.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.cdc.gov/VitalSigns/pdf/2012-10-vitalsigns.pdf Shelf Number: 126581 Keywords: AdolescentsAlcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Lowe, Kevin Title: Sharing the Learning: The Drug and Alcohol Transitions Project for Young Adults Derby City 2009-12 Summary: The aim of this report is to tell the story of the Addaction Drug and Alcohol Transitions Project for Young Adults in Derby City. This project carried out successful, innovative work, helping young adults aged 17-24 to end, or substantially reduce, their substance misuse. The approach was highly cost effective and makes a powerful case for age-appropriate services for young adults. This report is designed for a diverse audience. It will enable practitioners, commissioners and policy-makers working in the substance misuse field to learn the lessons from the project’s work and will also be valuable for all agencies concerned about how best to meet the needs of vulnerable young adults.1 The report has been written by external consultants who interviewed the project staff and some of the young adult clients. Information has also been drawn from the project’s records. It covers: • an overview of the project • a timeline of the project’s activities • the community outreach work and individual treatment in detail • what the focus on young adults meant in practice • finance and value for money • The main messages from the project’s work. There are also several appendices which cover the project’s clients, information about the changing nature of young adulthood, and national data on the use of drugs and alcohol by young adults. The interview material provides the kind of detail that is necessary to bring the work alive. It shows what the staff actually did and contains their reflections on what worked and what was less successful. The young people also tell about what made a difference to them at a crucial stage in their lives. This report is not a formal evaluation of the outcomes of the project’s work; however, it paints a picture of a very effective project that broke new ground in work with young adults. Details: London: Addaction, 2012. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2012 at: http://www.addaction.org.uk/news.asp?section=408§ionTitle=Addaction+in+the+media Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.addaction.org.uk/news.asp?section=408§ionTitle=Addaction+in+the+media Shelf Number: 126730 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Abuse PreventionYouth Adults |
Author: Heung, Carly Title: Alcohol and Community-based Violence: A Systematic Review Summary: Alcohol is one of the most widely available psychoactive drugs. Both alcohol use and violence share some common physiological, social, and economic variables. While the link between alcohol consumption and violent behaviour has been well established, the mechanisms – social and environmental influences – by which this occurs, are not fully understood. This association highlights the need to gain a better understanding of the contributing factors associated with alcohol-related violence. Purpose: To identify the associated effects of alcohol sales on community-based violence as explained in the existing literature. Methodology: A systematic review of recent literature published from 1999 to 2009 was completed. The search strategy included only articles published in English, with a specific focus on alcohol sales and community-based violence. Electronic databases, grey literature, reference lists of relevant studies and previously published reviews on similar topics were searched using seventeen keywords representing ‘alcohol use’ and ‘community-based violence’. Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified that addressed alcohol outlet density, hours and days of alcohol retail sale, price of alcohol, alcohol sales, characteristics of violent bars, and alcohol-related violent injuries from Emergency Room data. The general finding is that alcohol-related violence is perpetuated by the availability and harmful use of alcohol. Recommendations and Conclusion: These research findings provided ample basis for providing direction and recommendations for informing public health policies to reduce alcohol’s contribution to community-based violence. Eight strategies and 21 commendations are proposed which follow a coordinated, comprehensive health promotion approach incorporating healthy public policy and community action along with the ‘four pillars’: prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and enforcement. Details: Toronto: Alcohol Policy Network, Ontario Public Health Association, 2010. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2012 at: http://www.apolnet.ca/resources/pubs/rpt_Alcohol_and_Violence-2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.apolnet.ca/resources/pubs/rpt_Alcohol_and_Violence-2010.pdf Shelf Number: 126879 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Nicholas, Roger Title: Breaking the Silence: Addressing Family and Domestic Violence Problems in Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Practice in Australia Summary: This literature review examines the relationships between alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and “family and domestic violence” (FDV) in the context of AOD treatment settings. It focuses on strategies that may be developed to enhance the responses of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment providers to FDV issues affecting clients and their children. Details: Adelaide, South Australia: National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, 2012. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 24, 2012 at: http://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/6513/5285/7437/EN469_Nicholas_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/6513/5285/7437/EN469_Nicholas_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 126989 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Treatment ProgramsChild Abuse and NeglectDomestic ViolenceDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug TreatmentFamily Violence (Australia) |
Author: Braaf, Rochelle Title: Elephant in the Room: Responding to Alcohol Misuse and Domestic Violence Summary: International research shows a strong association between alcohol misuse and perpetration of domestic violence. In turn, victimisation has been shown to often lead to drinking problems. Many in the domestic violence sector have been reluctant to fully engage with this association due to concerns about misconstruing alcohol as a cause of partner abuse, thereby reducing perpetrator responsibility for their violence and failing to target its real causes. Among key theories about this association, one that best aligns with our knowledge of relationship violence proposes that where alcohol misuse co-occurs with attitudes and behaviours supportive of violence against women, abuse is more likely and is more likely to escalate. Responses to this issue are urgently needed and interventions targeting both alcohol misuse and attitudes and behaviours supportive of violence will be more effective than those aimed at single problems. Interventions need to be guided by goals of victim safety, provision of support and services, the prevention of abuse and making perpetrators accountable for their behaviour. Interventions fall into two broad camps: (i) community wide primary prevention mechanisms mainly targeting alcohol misuse and (ii) individualised tertiary prevention mechanisms targeting either or both alcohol misuse and domestic violence. Prevention mechanisms show good potential to reduce alcohol related domestic violence, although their effectiveness would be enhanced by companion efforts to challenge attitudes and behaviours that support violence towards women. Greater collaboration between alcohol and domestic violence sectors could substantially advance the development, implementation and evaluation of interventions. Details: Sydney: Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2012. 23p. Source: Issues Paper 24: Internet Resource: Accessed December 2, 2012 at http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/IssuesPaper_24.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/IssuesPaper_24.pdf Shelf Number: 127102 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDomestic Violence (Australia)Family Violence |
Author: Seekings, Jeremy Title: Socio-Economic Conditions, Young Men and Violence in Cape Town Summary: People in violent neighbourhoods attribute violence in public spaces to, especially, poverty and unemployment, but agree that social disintegration, disrespect, drinking and drugs and the weaknesses of the criminal justice system also contribute substantially. However, data from a panel of young men in Cape Town provide little support for the hypothesis that unemployment and poverty are direct causes of violence against strangers. Growing up in a home where someone drank heavily or took drugs is, however, a strong predictor of violence against strangers in early adulthood. A history of drinking (or taking drugs) correlates with perpetration of violence, and might also serve as a mechanism through which conditions during childhood have indirect effects. Living in a bad neighbourhood and immediate poverty are associated with violence against strangers, but being unemployed is not. Overall, heavy drinking – whether by adults in the childhood home or by young men themselves – seems to be a more important predictor of violence than economic circumstances in childhood or the recent past. Heavy drinking seems to play an important part in explaining why some young men have been more violent than others in circumstances that seem to have been generally conducive to rising violence, for reasons that remain unclear. It seems likely that few young people in South Africa in the early 2000s come from backgrounds that strongly predispose them against the use of violence. Details: Brighton, UK: MICROCON, University of Sussex, 2011. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: MICROCON Research Working Paper 49: Accessed December 4, 2012 at: http://www.microconflict.eu/publications/RWP49_JS_KT.pdf Year: 2011 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.microconflict.eu/publications/RWP49_JS_KT.pdf Shelf Number: 127121 Keywords: Alcohol AbusePovertySocio-Economic Conditions and CrimeUnemployment and CrimeUrban NeighborhoodsViolent Crime (Cape Town, South Africa)Youth Violence |
Author: Furby, Brett Title: Evaluation of Community Offender Services Programs Drug and Alcohol Addiction and Relapse Prevention - Three Years Out Summary: Community Offender Services (COS), within Corrective Services NSW (CSNSW) is responsible for the management of offenders serving community-based sentences across 60 NSW district offices. The Drug and Alcohol Addiction Program (DAAP) and Relapse Prevention Program (RPP) were designed to be delivered by Probation and Parole Officers (PPOs) who supervise the participating offenders. These programs formed part of a drug and alcohol intervention strategy aimed to enhance the range of options that PPOs may use to assist community-based offenders under supervision in breaking the cycle of drug dependency and crime. CSNSW received funding from the NSW Drug Summit Initiative to develop, implement and evaluate these programs. The first year of the programs has previously been reported. This report details findings from the second and third years of program delivery to end September, 2008. Trends are examined on program activity data, participant characteristics and re-offending rates since program inception. At three years out, program effects remain positive with offenders showing marked improvements in levels of drug dependency, stage of change in problem resolution and legal outcomes. Details: ydney: Corporate Research, Evaluation & Statistics, NSW Department of Corrective Services, 2011. 30p. Source: Research Bulletin No. 33: Internet Resource: Accessed January 13, 2013 at http://143.119.253.176/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/447299/RB33-Evaluation-of-Community-Offender-Services-Programs-Drug-and-Alcohol-Addiction-and-Relapse-Prevention-Three-Years-Out.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 127279 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCommunity-based CorrectionsDrug Abuse and AddictionEvaluative StudiesIntervention Programs |
Author: Graham, Lesley Title: Alcohol Problems in the Criminal Justice System: An Opportunity for Intervention Summary: Alcohol is linked with crime, especially violent crime. Many people are incarcerated because of alcohol-related crime. Alcohol is not permitted in prisons except in a very few cases, and illicit use of alcohol in prison is not a major problem. Nevertheless, imprisonment gives an opportunity to tackle alcohol problems in prisoners, with the potential for positive effects on their families and friends and a reduction in the risk of re-offending, the costs to society and health inequalities. This publication describes an integrated model of care for alcohol problems in prisoners, with elements for best practice. The model starts with assessment of the seriousness of prisoners’ alcohol problems, using a validated screening tool, the WHO Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and calls for interventions tailored to prisoners’ specific needs. Details: Copenhagen: World Health Organization for Europe, 2012. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/181068/e96751-ver-2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/181068/e96751-ver-2.pdf Shelf Number: 127361 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsPrisoners |
Author: Corman, Hope Title: Alcohol Consumption, Deterrence and Crime in New York City Summary: This paper investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption, deterrence, and crime for New York City. We examine high-frequency time-series data from 1983 to 2001 for one specific location to examine the impacts of variations in both alcohol consumption and deterrence on seven “index” crimes. We tackle the endogeneity of arrests and the police force by exploiting the temporal independence of crime and deterrence in these high-frequency data, and we address the endogeneity of alcohol by using instrumental variables where alcohol sales are instrumented with city and state alcohol taxes and minimum drinking age. We find that alcohol consumption is positively related to assault, rape, and larceny crimes but not murder, robbery, burglary, or motor vehicle theft. We find strong deterrence for all crimes except assault and rape. Generally, deterrence effects are stronger than alcohol effects. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper No. 18731: Accessed January 29, 2013 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18731 Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18731 Shelf Number: 127412 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (New York City) |
Author: Bieler, Sam Title: Addressing Violence and Disorder around Alcohol Outlets Summary: There is a substantial literature around violence and alcohol outlets. Roman et al. (2008) studied block groups in Washington, DC and found that increased densities of on-and off-premise liquor outlets increase disorder and violence, but that each type of outlet affects only a specific kind of violence: the presence of on-premise alcohol outlets predict increases in aggravated assault, while off-premise outlets predict increases in domestic violence. In response to violence and disorder, particularly around on-premise alcohol outlets, effective programs have been developed to address this problem by combining several strategies. The common thread between these policies is that each addresses at least one of the five key factors contributing to assault, social disorder, and domestic violence in or closely linked to entertainment districts: the availability of alcohol, the time of day at which drinking takes place, the protective or risk-creating physical factors of the area, the social and legal fabric of the neighborhood, and the presence of motivated offenders. This report summarizes the literature on the effectiveness of interventions targeting these five key factors. Details: Washington, DC: District of Columbia Crime Policy Institute, Urban Institute, 2013. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 21, 2013 at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412735-Addressing-Violence-and-Disorder-around-Alcohol-Outlets.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412735-Addressing-Violence-and-Disorder-around-Alcohol-Outlets.pdf Shelf Number: 127654 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderLiquor Outlets and Violence |
Author: Landale, Sarah A. Title: Trajectories, Transitions and Turning Points: Sports, Substance Misuse and Desistance Summary: Despite well-established health benefits of physical exercise (Department of Health 2004; 2010; Pang et al., 2008), sport has played relatively little part in adult alcohol and drug treatment programmes. Limited research examines the contribution sporting programmes may make to people in their recovery from addiction. However, natural recovery research (overcoming addiction without formal treatment) identifies that meaningful activities are a key part of resolving alcohol and drug problems. At six-month intervals, this study conducted three individual, in-depth interviews with 19 male adults with substance misuse problems. They were engaging regularly on Second Chance, a sports programme for socially excluded groups, as part of their recovery from addiction. The study identified two patterns of behaviour. One group were desisting. In addition to Second Chance they had occupations which provided them with networks of support, and their narratives reflected hope and self-efficacy. The second group had few occupations, low self-efficacy, and high levels of anxiety, and their time was spent with other similarly situated people. Employing a developmental, life course theory of informal social controls (Laub and Sampson 2003), this study prospectively examined desistance from substance misuse in the context of Second Chance. The theory suggests that desistance and persistence from crime can be meaningfully understood by examining individuals’ routine activities, informal social controls and agency. Turning points are a key concept in life course theories, defined as change in the long term pathway which was initiated at an earlier point in time (Elder 1998). This study suggested that Second Chance was a “window of opportunity for change” (Groshkova and Best 2011:33), within which a turning point was being experienced by some of the interviewees. The turning point was an identity transformation, and this was facilitated through a confluence of meaningful routine activities, informal social controls, and, personal agency. Details: Durham, UK: Durham University, School of Applied Social Sciences, 2011. 277p. Source: Internet Resource: Theses: Accessed March 1, 2013 at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3623/1/Thesis_-_landale,_s..pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3623/1/Thesis_-_landale,_s..pdf Shelf Number: 127746 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDesistance (U.K.)Rehabilitation ProgramsSportsSubstance AbuseTreatment Programs |
Author: de Mello, Joao M. P. Title: The Pharmacological Channel Revisited: Alcohol Sales Restrictions and Crime in Bogota Summary: Our goal in this paper is twofold: First, evaluate the impact on crime of the restriction of late-night alcohol sales in Bogota; and second, quantify the causal effect of problematic alcohol consumption on different crime categories. Using a control group strategy, we explore time-series and cross-block variation in the restriction to measure its causal effects on several crime categories. We find that the restriction reduced deaths and injuries in car accidents and batteries, compatible with the pharmacological impact of alcohol consumption on crime (Goldstein, 1985). Our results are stronger in areas where the restriction was actually binding (e.g., in blocks with presence of liquor stores) and are highly heterogeneous depending on the number of liquor stores that were restricted at the block level. Finally, we measure the impact of the restriction on alcohol consumption (the first-stage, or mechanism), and quantify the causal pharmacological impact of alcohol consumption on crime using the restriction as an instrument for problematic alcohol consumption (the second stage). We find that alcohol consumption causes deaths and injuries in car accidents and batteries. More precisely, our results indicate that a one standard deviation (s.d.) increase in problematic alcohol consumption increases deaths in car accidents by 0.51 s.d., injuries in car accidents by 0.82 s.d., and batteries by 1.27 s.d. Details: Bogota, Colombia: Universidad de los Andes-Facultad de Economia-CEDE, 2013. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Documentos CEDE No. 20: Accessed October 30, 2013 at: http://economia.uniandes.edu.co/investigaciones_y_publicaciones/CEDE/Publicaciones/documentos_cede/2013/The_Pharmacological_Channel_Revisited_Alcohol_Sales_Restrictions_and_Crime_in_Bogota Year: 2013 Country: Colombia URL: http://economia.uniandes.edu.co/investigaciones_y_publicaciones/CEDE/Publicaciones/documentos_cede/2013/The_Pharmacological_Channel_Revisited_Alcohol_Sales_Restrictions_and_Crime_in_Bogota Shelf Number: 131510 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Bogota, Colombia)Drunk and Disorderly |
Author: Palmer, Darren Title: ID Scanners in the Night-Time Economy: Social Sorting or Social Order? Summary: This project investigates the introduction of ID scanners in 'high risk' entertainment venues in Geelong (Vic) as part of an attempt to enhance community safety. Recently the inner city area of Geelong has been transformed into a significant 'night-time economy'. However, such developments come with potential harms, such as increases in crime and anti--social behaviour. Networked ID scanners are a unique innovation introduced to address these issues. The project documents what has been done, why, with what impact and what potential (or actual) harms exist to serve as a model for future policy and programme development. The research has identified the current interest in ID scanners across Australia and either planned or actual implementation of scanner networks in all jurisdictions. Such developments point to the need for immediate policy development in what is effectively an unregulated security practice, somewhat similar to the initial introduction of CCTV. Policy recommendations stemming from this research are summarised here and discussed in more detail under 'Conclusions and Recommendations' at the end of this report. Details: Criminology Research Council, 2011. 182p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 1, 2013 at: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1213/42-0809-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1213/42-0809-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 131579 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Night-Time EconomyNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: New South Wales. Audit Office Title: Cost of Alcohol Abuse to the NSW Government: Performance Audit Summary: While most people consume alcohol responsibly, there is a large group that consumes it at levels that present a risk of harm. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause physical, emotional and social problems. These include violence, liver disease, brain injury, and family and relationship problems. Government agencies devote much time and effort to reduce the harm caused by alcohol abuse. This ranges from proactive policing of alcohol hotspots to alcohol treatment services. The government has recently introduced specific initiatives to reduce the impact of alcohol abuse on the community. These include: - a new intoxicated and disorderly offence - 'three-strikes' laws for licensees or managers of licensed premises convicted of serious offences under the Liquor Act 2007 - management plans for problem areas like Kings Cross - a trial of sobering up centres. These activities and initiatives come at a considerable cost to the State. This audit assessed whether the NSW Government knows the costs incurred by State agencies as a result of alcohol abuse. We asked whether: - the NSW Government effectively monitors the cost of alcohol abuse so it can resource public services to address it - the NSW Government publicly reports the cost of alcohol abuse to inform the community of its impact on public services. For the purposes of this audit, 'alcohol abuse' means: - drinking at levels that are likely to cause significant injury or ill health, and - where drinking has led to a government intervention or response. A range of key performance indicators show that, in general, alcohol-related incidents are declining. For example, alcohol-related assaults have decreased 23 per cent since 2008. This is a good result which may be due to proactive policing, changes to licensing laws, public education campaigns, and a range of other government initiatives. Nevertheless, alcohol abuse remains a significant burden to both society and government. To design an effective response the government must know the extent of the problem and what it is costing to limit its harm. Therefore it is important for government to have good data on alcohol abuse including the cost to its services and to society. The community also has a right to know this information so it can inform public debate on drunkenness and the best ways to combat it. Details: Sydney: Audit Office of New South Wales, 2013. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2013 at: https://www.audit.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/281/01_Cost_of_alcohol_abuse_NSW_Government_Full_Report.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: https://www.audit.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/281/01_Cost_of_alcohol_abuse_NSW_Government_Full_Report.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y Shelf Number: 131630 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsCosts of CrimeDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Rivera, Marny Title: Youth Alcohol Access, Consumption, and Consequences in Anchorage, Alaska: 2012 Update Summary: In 2010, a comprehensive report identified indicators of youth alcohol access, consumption, and consequences, providing a baseline description of the problem of underage drinking in Anchorage and Alaska. This report seeks to document the current state of the problem in Anchorage and Alaska and assess changes to underage drinking following implementation of efforts by Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol (CMCA). Where possible, attempts have been made to compare trends that have taken place in Anchorage to those in Alaska and/or nationwide. It is difficult to get a clear picture of how the underage drinking problem has changed over time and the ways in which the problem is similar or different in Anchorage relative to Alaska statewide. The difficulty examining trends over time between Anchorage and Alaska stems from different timelines employed by the various sources of data compiled in this report, different ways of designating age groups, and in most cases the absence of available data specific to Anchorage. Details: Anchorage: University of Alaska Anchorage, Justice Center, 2012. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2013 at: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/research/2010/1010.voa/1010.04.youth_alcohol_access.update.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/research/2010/1010.voa/1010.04.youth_alcohol_access.update.pdf Shelf Number: 131679 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder Underage Drinking (Alaska, U.S.) |
Author: Birdwell, Jonathan Title: Sobering Up Summary: Britain has a complicated relationship with alcohol. Despite the tabloid hysteria, the evidence shows that overall we are drinking less than we were a decade ago. At the same time, it is clear that some communities suffer from severe problems related to underage drinking, the harms of binge drinking and dependent street drinkers. The Government has not brought forward a strong national policy and in its absence, local authorities and Health and Wellbeing Boards who hold responsibility for public health will now lead the way. Sobering Up investigates what is already happening in communities across the UK and highlights best practice in the hope it will become wider spread. The research looks particularly at the role of shops and incorporates the views of local councillors, council officers, public health representatives, police, trading standards, alcohol support charities and shop owners and workers. It also includes case study areas - Blackpool, Ipswich, Manchester, and Kent - chosen for their mix of alcohol-related problems, as well as their geographical and demographic range. The report argues that each problem, in each community, is different and should be treated as such. However, some examples of best practice stand out. It recommends tackling the growing problem of proxy-purchasing through greater community policing of the offence and tougher punishments for those caught, and that city centres troubled by binge-drinking should do more to restrict access to those already very drunk. It also advocates more local partnerships to ensure local authorities, police and retailers are joined up - and that real effort is made to engage small retailers as well as the large chain retailers. Each of these measures could make a real contribution to tackling the alcohol-related harms that Britain still faces. Details: London: Demos, 2013. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 4, 2013 at: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/DEMOS_sobering_up_report.pdf?1385061889 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/DEMOS_sobering_up_report.pdf?1385061889 Shelf Number: 131741 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderBinge Drinking |
Author: Reid, Mike Title: Drinking-related lifestyle influences on Victorians' alcohol consumption. Quantitative Research Report Summary: Alcohol is a major part of the cultural fabric of many western countries and often plays an integral role in many people's social lives. The significant impact of social and health problems associated with excessive alcohol consumption, both at a personal and societal level, have become a central focus of governments. Victorian culture has a high tolerance for alcohol consumption and an acceptance of heavy drinking across an extensive range of social contexts. Drinking is inextricably linked with the cultural and social life of Victorians; it is multifaceted and entrenched in nearly every area of our lives, with rituals and habits providing structure, comfort and a sense of belonging. While understanding single-act behaviours such as binge drinking is important, arguably more important is understanding the deeper lifestyle-related connections to alcohol consumption and how lifestyle and culture can shape problem drinking and associated behaviours. Similarly, there needs to be a focus on alcohol consumption and problem drinking amongst the broader population as well as an understanding of specific sub-cultures and population groups such as youth. This research adopts and implements a drinking-related lifestyle (DRL) framework to understand and determine how best to target and influence specific Victorian drinker segments through improved media- and message-based activities about reducing alcohol consumption. Overall, the aims of this report are to: 1. implement a DRL framework and profile drinker types based on a means-end chain approach incorporating values, lifestyle and behavioural similarities 2. examine identified segments and model each to understand the values and lifestyle drivers of drinking styles and behaviour that are similar and unique to particular segments 3. extend alcohol drinking segment profiles to include traditional, electronic and social media preferences to better target communications (channels and messages) including word-of-mouth strategies. 5 Details: Melbourne: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 2013. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 24, 2014 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/Drinking-Related-Lifestyles/RMIT-DRL_Quantitative%20Report.ashx Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 131793 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Reid, Mike Title: Drinking-related lifestyles: exploring the role of alcohol in Victorians' lives. Qualitative research report Summary: Australian culture has a high tolerance for alcohol consumption and an acceptance for heavy drinking across an extensive range of social contexts. Drinking is embedded in Australian culture; it is multifaceted and entrenched in many aspects of our lives, with rituals and habits providing structure, comfort and generating a sense of belonging. Our drinking culture is even manifest in established drinking language, in which those who drink to excess are celebrated and moderate or non-drinkers are negatively labelled. Our drinking behaviour is continually reinforced by our culture and, in turn, our culture is reinforced by our drinking behaviour. Whether we're celebrating, socialising, networking, relaxing, commiserating or rewarding ourselves, alcohol plays an integral role. Drinking is expected to be part of almost all social events, but more concerning is the acceptance of excessive drinking at many of these occasions. Both family and friends influence our drinking behaviour. It is when socialising with others that our drinking is most likely to become excessive. The encouragement and pressure (both subtle and overt) from others to 'join in the drinking' is powerful. To join in is to join the group, join the fun, join the ritual and join the tribe. The power of this pressure is extraordinary. While the risks of heavy drinking are readily recognised, few people are willing to accept that this drinking behaviour is problematic. There are few effective incentives to encourage a more moderate approach and even fewer socially acceptable 'excuses' to drink less. Social benefits of drinking (to excess) far outweigh any perceived likely negative outcomes. Given the highly positive, habitual and social nature of our attitudes, changing behaviours will be particularly challenging. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), 2013. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2014 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/Drinking-Related-Lifestyles/RMIT-DRL_Qualitative%20Report.ashx Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/Drinking-Related-Lifestyles/RMIT-DRL_Qualitative%20Report.ashx Shelf Number: 131792 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Mutch, Raewyn Title: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Knowledge, attitudes and practice within the Western Autralian justice system Summary: The aims of the project were to: assess justice professionals' awareness and knowledge of FASD; assess the perceived impact of FASD on practice within the justice system; and identify the information needs relating to FASD for the justice system in WA. A Reference Group was established to provide advice on study design and facilitate participant recruitment. A review of the literature was conducted to identify existing surveys or questionnaires that assessed FASD knowledge, attitudes and practice within justice systems that could be used as a basis for survey development. To enable the investigation of issues specific to each sector of the WA justice system, separate surveys were developed for people working in all four sectors of the justice system: judicial, legal, corrections and police. Each survey assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of FASD, sources of information about FASD, and information and training needs. Additional sector specific questionnaire items assessed participant experiences and practices using language particular to each sector. Surveys were pilot tested within each sector to ensure the questions were clear and easily understandable. The surveys were administered to 133 judicial officers, 90 lawyers, 650 Department of Corrective Services (DCS) staff and 1000 police officers. Results were summarised using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Response to the survey was low (23%) and relatively consistent across sectors. Over 90% of judicial officers, lawyers and DCS staff, and almost 75% of police officers were aware of FAS. Awareness of FASD was lower than for FAS across all sectors. Almost 80% of participants agreed that FASD is real, and that the negative effect of alcohol on fetal development has been proven. When participants were asked to describe their understanding of FASD, we found few differences in response between the judicial, legal and corrections sectors in the frequency of identification of the following four key aspects of FASD: identification of the cause as alcohol consumption during pregnancy, identification of potential impacts on physical and psychological development, and recognition that the damage is permanent. Across all four sectors of the justice system most participants reported only a basic understanding of FASD and how it affects individuals. Participants were most knowledgeable about the cause of FASD, and factors therefore important for prevention. Notably, some participants described FASD as caused by excessive alcohol use, alcohol abuse or dependence. More than 75% of judicial officers, 85% of lawyers and DCS staff, and almost 50% of police officers perceived FASD as relevant to their work. Consistent with the importance of formal training or professional development as a source of information on FASD among DCS staff, knowledge about FASD was highest among DCS staff, who were more likely to report a good understanding of how FASD affects children and adults (44%) than participants from the other sectors. Few DCS staff reported not being aware of how FASD affects children and adults (5%) compared with 30% or more among participants from other sectors. Participants across all sectors frequently reported recognition of suspected FASD among individuals they dealt with, and raised concerns about the management of these individuals within the justice system. Approximately 60% of participants from the judicial and legal sectors, 67% of staff from the corrections sector, and 43% from the police sector reported ever dealing with a person who may have been affected by FASD. Suspicion of FASD was most commonly based on identification of a poor attention span, low intelligence quotient (IQ), maternal history of alcoholism and physical appearance. We found widespread agreement among judicial officers (79%), lawyers (92%) and DCS staff (84%) that the assessment and diagnosis of FASD would improve the possibilities of appropriate consequences for unacceptable behaviour. Most participants (72%) also indicated a need for more information about FASD, including information to improve the identification of individuals in need of specialist assessment, and guidelines on how to deal with people with FASD. We also found strong support across all sectors for the development of appropriate alternative or diversionary sentencing options for people with FASD. Details: Perth: Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 2013. 118p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 6, 2014 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Report-FASD-Justice-System.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Report-FASD-Justice-System.pdf Shelf Number: 131844 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseCriminal Justice SystemFetal Alcohol Syndrome |
Author: World Health Organization. Region Office for Europe Title: Evidence for the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Alcohol-Related Harm Summary: There is a substantial evidence base on the effectiveness of different policies in reducing the harm done by alcohol. Policies that regulate the economic and physical availability of alcohol are effective in reducing alcohol-related harm. Enforced legislative measures to reduce drinking and driving and interventions individually directed to drinkers already at risk are also effective. The evidence shows that information and education programmes do not reduce alcohol-related harm; nevertheless, they have a role in providing information, reframing alcohol-related problems and increasing attention to alcohol on the political and public agendas. In all parts of the European Union, population-based interventions represent a highly cost- effective use of resources to reduce alcohol-related harm. Brief interventions for individual high-risk drinkers are also cost-effective, but are harder to scale up because of their associated training and manpower needs. Details: Copenhagen: World Health organization Regional Office for Europe, 2009. 134p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 11, 2014 at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/43319/E92823.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Europe URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/43319/E92823.pdf Shelf Number: 131847 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderCost-Benefit Analysis |
Author: Rabinovich, Lila Title: Reducing Alcohol Harm: International Benchmark Summary: The National Audit Office (NAO) of the United Kingdom commissioned RAND Europe to examine the structure and effectiveness of healthcare interventions aimed at preventing and reducing alcohol harm in a selected number of countries. The countries selected were Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and the United States. The objective of the research is to inform the work of the NAO in the area of the prevention and reduction of alcohol harm in healthcare interventions in England. Through this research, the NAO aims to understand the effectiveness of the interventions used in England and identify interesting and effective practices in other countries that could be transferable to the English context and inform the country's alcohol strategy. This report contains four main sections. In Chapter 2, this report sets out the main international statistics on alcohol harm, including comparative data on alcohol consumption, the prevalence of heavy and binge drinking, and data on alcohol-related mortality and morbidity. In Chapter 3, the study describes the main features of the healthcare systems and strategies of the selected countries. In Chapters 4 and 5, the report describes international evidence of the effectiveness of healthcare and non-healthcare interventions aimed at alcohol harm, respectively. In order to come to the conclusions in this report, we used a document review of the available information on the organization of the healthcare system and interventions aimed at alcohol harm in the selected countries; analysed the data on alcohol harm; and reviewed the international evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing alcohol harm. We also undertook telephone interviews and e-mail exchanges with a variety of experts in the area of alcohol harm in the selected countries. This report is likely to be of interest to other Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI), public health officials, and officials and academics involved in alcohol policy and strategy. Details: Cambridge, MA: RAND Europe, 2008. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2014 at: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2008/RAND_TR592.pdf Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2008/RAND_TR592.pdf Shelf Number: 131941 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsDrunk and DisorderlyHealth CareInterventions |
Author: Calafat, Amador Title: Tourism, Nightlife and Violence: A Cross Cultural Analysis and Preventive Recommendations Summary: At first glance, violence and tourism do not seem closely related. Holidays are that time in which we get away from our daily routines in search of fun and rest, somewhere different, spending leisure time with family and friends, or even alone. So peoples spirits and expectations should be high in anticipation of their trip. But why do we frequently hear news about young people dying in tourist resorts after falling from the balconies of their hotels? Why do we read about fights in discotheques, in which somebody can end up having a bottle smashed over their head? Why are the emergency services saturated in some resorts, especially in summer, attending to hundreds of cases of young people poisoned by alcohol or other substances? It would seem, indeed, that the panorama is not the idyllic one we might expect. A first response, simple and somewhat conjectural, is that the kinds of problems described above are caused by the typical behaviour of young tourists from central and northern Europe who visit Mediterranean resorts. But this cannot be the case: neither is it the majority who behave violently, nor do they normally behave like that in their countries of origin. What is it, then, that triggers such inappropriate, sometimes vandalistic, aggressive and frenzied behaviour? This is the question to which we try and respond in this report. Over a period of four years (2007-2010) we have collected data from young tourists visiting the Balearic Islands (Spain), as well as other destinations, such as Algarve (Portugal), Venice (Italy), Crete (Greece) or Cyprus. In these studies and in others there is a constant factor, which is the abusive consumption of alcohol. We know that alcohol is a powerful disinhibitor of executive control. This control is exercised in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, telling us what it is appropriate to do and what it is not, and helping us to weigh up the consequences and make decisions accordingly. In states of intoxication this control disappears. Thus, a large part of such inappropriate behaviours could be attributed to the abuse of alcohol and drunkenness. But this is only the first part of the explanation. The next step is to ask ourselves how these contexts facilitate such behaviours. In many tourist destinations alcoholic drinks are offered at giveaway prices. Indeed, it is sometimes as cheap (or as expensive) to buy a beer as it is to buy a bottle of water. The nightlife scene is frequently livened up with images and promotions with recreational-sexual content, creating an atmosphere of anything goes. This strategy can often be seen in offers from tour operators and local businesses targeting young holidaymakers in particular. It is hardly surprising, then, that tourists arrive with pre-programmed expectations of wild parties and a culture of excess, which act as facilitators of these inappropriate behaviours. But the health-risk behaviours associated with the abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs extend beyond violence to cover, for example, sex-related behaviours promiscuity, sex without condom, sexual harassment; moreover, being under the effects of alcohol or other substances makes it more likely for one to be the victim of theft, road accidents and accidents of other types (e.g., falls). We can see, then, a whole range of problems deriving from this holidaymaking style revolving around the nightlife context, though naturally it also involves positive aspects of socialization. Why do we not create the global conditions for this type of tourism to give way to a more high-quality kind of tourism, without involving financial losses for the sector? In the countries of origin of these young tourists, many companies in the nightlife leisure sector have opted to promote a high-quality type of nightlife recreational context, based on the latest criteria developed in the field. However, it is not common for such measures to be applied in holiday resorts. On the contrary, there seems to be a certain reluctance to adopt new measures for fear of losing markets; there is a view that some of the changes mooted would increase costs and lead to a loss of competitiveness; permissiveness has become a selling point. The tourist industry itself will not take the matter seriously until there is a global and synergic initiative that forces the different groups involved to seek consensus-based solutions. Such efforts should be supported by a law or by local regulations providing the conditions for achieving standards of quality in our tourism, and by the application of prevention programs of proven efficacy. Equally essential is the cooperation of the consulates and tourist ministries from the tourists country of origin. Without an awareness of the need for change at an international level and common goals in the medium and long term with benefits for all the parties involved, it will be difficult to produce a robust response to this problem. This report sets out, on the one hand, to offer a detailed analysis of the situation, but at the same time to serve as a resource of concrete and viable ideas and proposals for better practice in all those sectors involved in the tourist industry. Details: Palma de Mallorca: IREFREA, 2010. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2014 at: http://www.irefrea.org/uploads/PDF/Calafatetal_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.irefrea.org/uploads/PDF/Calafatetal_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 131950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyTourismVandalism |
Author: Calafat, Amador Title: Lifestyles and Drugs: Prevention Interventions in Recreational Settings Summary: The publication seeks to explore a range of possible drug misuse prevention activities that could be delivered to young people and families during their holidays as well as in the recreational settings, and provide examples of innovative drug misuse prevention activities in holiday and leisure time settings. There are many economic, social and cultural advantages of national and international tourism and the problems addressed in this publication are far outweighed by the benefits. Nevertheless, there is a need to pool together successful experience from different localities in order to tackle problems related to misuse of drugs during holidays and in leisure settings. Certainly, big differences exist in the possibilities for responses available to different localities and settings - depending on resources available, extent of control (for example, licensing of premises for serving alcohol), local laws and traditions (e.g. laws and customs relating to cannabis possession and consumption) and the national contexts. The present publication will attempt to provide the readers with detailed examples of practice to illustrate the general principles which could be applied in most settings including: - understanding the issue through research, data collection and analysis, - involving the local community in developing solutions, - intelligent policing, - creating safer environments through planning and design, - working with local businesses to discuss issues and find solutions, - transport development, - providing alternatives to substance misuse, - working with and by the country of tourists' origin. Details: Strasbourg: Pompidou Group, Council of Europe, 2010. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: P-PG/Prev (2010) 7: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/Source/Files/minconf/P-PG-PREV-2010-7-en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/Source/Files/minconf/P-PG-PREV-2010-7-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132016 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug AbuseDrug Abuse PreventionDrunk and DisorderlyNuisance Behaviors and DisordersTourists |
Author: DrugScope Title: State of the Sector 2013 Summary: The report, State of the Sector 2013 (1), contains the findings from a survey of nearly 170 drug and alcohol services, from across England's four Public Health England regions. It finds the drug and alcohol sector in a period of flux and facing a number of challenges: - Respondents highlighted significant problems in their ability to offer clients support to improve recovery capital, particularly employment, housing and mental and physical wellbeing; - The picture on engagement with Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs) and Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) is mixed, with positive examples, but other services reporting a lack of engagement; - 35 per cent of drug and alcohol services surveyed reported a decrease in funding, against 20 per cent reporting an increase and 33 per cent no change; - Just over half reported a large increase in caseloads in the last year, against 27 per cent reporting a decrease; - Almost half reported that they were employing fewer frontline staff and 6 out of 10 services reported an increase in the use of volunteers. The research comprised an online survey, a series of regional summits and telephone interviews with chief executives of treatment providers. It was carried out in the autumn of 2013, nearing the end of a pivotal year for drug and alcohol services in which many funding and commissioning structures were replaced with new and in some cases substantially different organisations. It is intended that further research will be carried out in 2014 to investigate how services are coping with these changes, using these findings as a baseline. Details: London: DrugScope, 2014. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2014 at: http://www.drugscope.org.uk/Resources/Drugscope/Documents/PDF/Policy/SOS2013_Main.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.drugscope.org.uk/Resources/Drugscope/Documents/PDF/Policy/SOS2013_Main.pdf Shelf Number: 132076 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Averett, Susan Title: Identitying the Causal Effect of Alcohol Abuse on the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence by Men Using a Natural Experiment Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is widespread among women, with substantial and long-lasting negative consequences. Researchers have documented a strong positive correlation between alcohol abuse and IPV. Yet prior researchers have struggled with the problem of the potential endogeneity of alcohol abuse.In this paper, we deal with this problem by exploring a unique instrumental variable - the September 11 terrorist attack (9/11) - in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. 9/11 was found in our data to lead to a significant increase in the frequency of alcohol abuse for respondents interviewed just after 9/11 compared to those interviewed before. Our OLS results indeed confirm earlier research of a strong positive correlation between alcohol abuse and IPV. However, the 2SLS results show no statistically significant effect of alcohol abuse on IPV. These results indicate that alcohol abuse might not have causal effects on IPV, and therefore have important policy implications. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2014. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 7996: Accessed April 21, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2403132 Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 132101 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderIntimate Partner Violence |
Author: Mathews, Rebecca Title: Risk-Based Licensing and Alcohol-Related Offences in the Australian Capital Territory Summary: Since December 2010, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has calculated and set liquor licensing fees according to venue type, occupancy, and trading hours, a practice known as risk-based licensing (RBL). RBL was introduced in the ACT amid growing concerns about the prevalence of alcohol-related problems at licensed premises, increases in the proportion of assaults involving alcohol and increases in hospitalisations for alcohol-related injury. RBL aims to recover some of the policing and regulatory costs of alcohol-related offences with higher risk licensees required to contribute proportionally more to these costs by paying higher licensing fees. In 2012, the Standing Committee on Justice and Community Safety Inquiry into Liquor Licensing Fees and Subordinate Legislation reported that one year after the introduction of RBL in the ACT, alcohol-related offences had declined. However it was not clear to what degree alcohol-related offences had declined at licensed premises in entertainment precincts after midnight. Also, concerns persisted, particularly among licensees, that RBL disadvantaged some licensees and failed to address the contribution of off-trade licensees and pre-loading to alcohol-related harms. This study investigated the impacts of RBL on patterns of alcohol-related offences in the ACT and stakeholders' perceptions of its efficacy and limitations. It is the first study to attempt to evaluate the impacts of RBL on alcohol-related offences and to seek input from key stakeholders as to its efficacy and limitations. Details: Deakin, AUS: Foundation for Alcohol Research & Education, 2013 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 17, 2014 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Risk-based-licensing-and-alcohol-related-offences-in-the-ACT-Final.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Risk-based-licensing-and-alcohol-related-offences-in-the-ACT-Final.pdf Shelf Number: 132381 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Brown, Laura Title: Cycles of Harm: Problematic Alcohol Use Amongst Women Involved in Prostitution Summary: Research by Eaves and London South Bank University, Breaking down the barriers (Bindel, Brown, Easton, Matthews and Reynolds, forthcoming), identified problematic drug and/or alcohol use as the most common barrier (obstacle) faced by women exiting prostitution. Following the completion of this study, Eaves obtained funding from Alcohol Research UK to explore this barrier with greater depth, focusing specifically on problematic alcohol use. This new research aimed to: - Look at why and when women involved in prostitution use alcohol problematically - Explore and compare the ways in which women involved in different aspects of the sex industry use alcohol - Explore the different ways in which women use alcohol and how this relates to their involvement in prostitution and impacts on exiting - Enable practitioners working with women involved in prostitution who have problematic alcohol use to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the two, thereby informing more effective interventions. Details: London: Alcohol Research UK, 2013. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 17, 2014 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0108.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0108.pdf Shelf Number: 132490 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseProstitutesSex Workers |
Author: Lindo, Jason M. Title: Breaking the Link Between Legal Access to Alcohol and Motor Vehicle Accidents: Evidence from New South Wales Summary: A large literature has documented significant public health benefits associated with the minimum legal drinking age in the United States, particularly because of the resulting effects on motor vehicle accidents. These benefits form the primary basis for continued efforts to restrict youth access to alcohol. It is important to keep in mind, though, that policymakers have a wide variety of alcohol-control options available to them, and understanding how these policies may complement or substitute for one another can improve policy making moving forward. Towards this end, we propose that investigating the causal effects of the minimum legal drinking age in New South Wales, Australia provides a particularly informative case study, because Australian states are among the world leaders in their efforts against drunk driving. Using an age-based regression-discontinuity design applied to restricted-use data from several sources, we find no evidence that legal access to alcohol has effects on motor vehicle accidents of any type in New South Wales, despite having large effects on drinking and on hospitalizations due to alcohol abuse. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2014. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 7930: Accessed June 19, 2014 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp7930.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp7930.pdf Shelf Number: 132505 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the Influence Drunk Driving |
Author: Duffy, John C. Title: Punishing the Majority: The Flawed Theory Behind Alcohol Control Policies Summary: Alcohol policy in Britain and many other countries aims to reduce per capita alcohol consumption in the belief that this will inevitably reduce heavy and harmful drinking. The cornerstone policies of this approach are advertising bans, licensing restrictions and higher taxes. - Campaigners cite the 'Total Consumption Model' as justification for implementing policies that affect all drinkers, rather than just the heavy drinking minority. The theory was devised in the 1950s based on a statistical correlation between average alcohol consumption and rates of harmful drinking. - As researchers have long recognised, this theory is deeply flawed and has little predictive power. Per capita alcohol consumption largely depends on the amount of heavy drinking in a population, not vice versa. The mathematical model is simply wrong. Numerous real world examples, including the UK in recent years, show that alcohol-related harm does not necessarily correlate with overall alcohol consumption. - Empirical evidence supports neither the Total Consumption Model nor the policies upon which it is based. These policies bear costs on moderate drinkers while being largely ignored by at-risk drinkers. - Alcohol policy would be more effective and equitable if it targeted excessive drinkers, alcoholics and those who require help, rather than the whole population. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2014. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: IEA Current Controversies Paper no. 49: Accessed June 20, 2014 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Punishing%20the%20majority%20EMBARGOED.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Punishing%20the%20majority%20EMBARGOED.pdf Shelf Number: 132533 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Jordan, Paul Title: Tackling Alcohol Misuse Through Screening and Brief Interventions: A Knowledge Transfer Partnership Summary: This report sets out the work undertaken through a Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) between Cardiff University and the Welsh Government (WG) in collaboration with Public Health Wales to develop and deliver an alcohol screening and brief intervention (ABI) programme in Wales. The recommendations in this report are for the WG, Public Health Wales, Cardiff University and other universities, and for other groups outside Wales wishing to establish a screening and ABI programme. They are based on a review of this partnership and formal evaluation of the programme delivered. The burden of alcohol misuse in Wales Alcohol misuse is a major preventable threat to public health. In Wales in 2009 there were nearly 13,000 alcohol-related hospital admissions and one in 30 deaths was alcohol attributable. Alcohol misuse cost the NHS in Wales $85 million in 2009. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Public Health Wales; Cardiff University, 2013. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 25, 2014 at: http://www.vrg.cf.ac.uk/Files/20140107_KTP_finalreport.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.vrg.cf.ac.uk/Files/20140107_KTP_finalreport.pdf Shelf Number: 132769 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment Programs |
Author: Parkes, Tessa Title: An Evaluation to Assess the Implementation of NHS Delivered Alcohol Brief Interventions: Final Report Summary: Alcohol Brief Interventions (ABIs) have been identified as an effective strategy for treating people whose alcohol consumption is posing a risk to their health. As part of its Alcohol Strategy the Scottish Government established a health improvement target for NHS health boards, supported by additional funding. This required NHS Health Scotland to deliver 149,449 ABIs across three priority settings of primary care, Accident & Emergency (A&E) and antenatal care, between April 2008 and March 2011. A subsequent one year extension target was introduced. The evaluation aimed to assess the process of implementation of ABIs using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The focus was mainly on primary care but also includes some findings relating to A&E and antenatal settings. The evaluation found a considerable degree of variation across Scotland in organisational structures and models of delivery. However, a number of common features were also identified. Those which appeared to support implementation included: the availability of funding; nationally co-ordinated and locally supported training opportunities; and national, health board and setting level 'leaders' able to support and encourage implementation. Perceived barriers included: the lack of 'lead in' time to set up organisational structures; competing priorities; an initial lack of adequately trained staff and difficulties maintaining trained staff levels; and problems associated with the mechanisms for recording delivery. These within-setting and across-board differences and difficulties in recording ABI delivery made it difficult to accurately determine or compare who the programme was reaching. Nonetheless, by March 2011 most boards had met, if not exceeded, the three-year target. Details: Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland, 2011. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 28, 2014 at: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/16707-ABI%20Implementation%20Evaluation%20Report%20Sept11.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/16707-ABI%20Implementation%20Evaluation%20Report%20Sept11.pdf Shelf Number: 132782 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Treatment Programs |
Author: Campbell, Annemarie Title: The Ripple Effect: How Does Alcohol Affect Communities in the City of Glasgow? Summary: This research sought to examine through direct community consultation, whether citizens of Glasgow City felt alcohol affected their community, and if so, to identify and examine these effects. Like the ripple effect created by a pebble in a pond the 'ripple effect' of alcohol is thought to go far beyond the individual and their immediate family. But does a ripple effect resulting from alcohol use occur in Glasgow City's communities? And if so, what are the effects and how widely are they felt? In order to examine this effectively, volunteers were recruited from within Glasgow City's communities to become community researchers. The community members were identified through the various alcohol and drug fora across the city which are affiliated to the Communities Sub-group of the Glasgow City Addictions Planning and Implementation Group. Key Findings The researchers consulted with 4697 people from a variety of age groups from all areas of the city: - 99% of people felt alcohol affected their area to at least some degree - 79% felt the effect to be medium to large or large Groups of people felt to be more affected: - Young People - using alcohol/or being victims of person related crime (e.g. rape, assault) - Elderly- intimidation/fear of going out at certain times - Younger children - unable to play outside or in parks safely How were communities affected? People were asked to give examples of positive ('good') effects and negative ('bad') effects of alcohol use. Overwhelmingly people offered examples of negative effects felt in their communities: - Positive effects accounted for only 5% of all example effects given and were largely said only to be true if alcohol was used in moderation - Negative effects accounted for 95% of example effects given Twenty three separate negative effects were identified from within example statements. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow City Addictions Planning and Implementation Group, Glasgow Community and Safety Services, 2013? 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 6, 2014 at: http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2582&p=0 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2582&p=0 Shelf Number: 126305 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderVandalism |
Author: Martyn, Michelle Title: Drug and Alcohol Misuse Among Adult Offenders on Probation Supervision in Ireland. Findings from the Drugs and Alcohol Survey 2011 Summary: This report presents the findings from the Drugs and Alcohol Survey 2011 conducted by the Probation Service. The report and its findings are based on the first large-scale, nationwide survey conducted by the Service in Ireland on drug and alcohol misuse among the adult offender population on probation supervision. The overall report comprises four separate sub-reports which are detailed in section 3. The survey involved a representative sample of 2,963 adult offenders on Probation Officers' caseloads on the 1st April 2011. A questionnaire was developed specifically for the purpose of the study. The questionnaires were completed by the supervising Probation Officers based on their knowledge of the offenders on their caseloads. The main objectives of the study were as follows: - Ascertain the number of adult offenders on probation supervision who misused drugs and/or alcohol - Examine the nature and frequency of drug and alcohol misuse - Establish if there is a correlation between drug and/or alcohol misuse and offending and offending behaviour - Identify the level and nature of engagement with drug and alcohol treatment services The report provides the key findings of the survey. The sub-reports in chapters 3-6 present specific findings in detail. The report concludes with a discussion of issues arising in the study which merit particular attention and consideration in the management of drug and alcohol misuse policy and practice in the Probation Service. Key Findings - 89% of the adult offender population on probation supervision had misused drugs or alcohol either 'currently' (at the time of the survey) or in the 'past'. - Of the 89% of those who misused either alcohol/drugs, 27% misused drugs only, 20% misused alcohol only and 42% misused both drugs and alcohol. - While females comprised only 12% of the adult offender population both male and female adult offenders exhibit similar drug and alcohol misuse levels. - The Dublin probation regions exhibited the highest levels of overall misuse among their offender populations at 91%. - Almost 21% of offenders were currently misusing two or more substances and over 9% were misusing at least 3 substances. This includes misuse of alcohol. - This study identified a considerable link between drug misuse and the current index offence committed. Based on the Probation Officers' professional judgment, for 74% of drug-misusing offenders on supervision misuse was linked to their current offending. - In previous research carried out by the Probation Service in the Dublin Metropolitan Area in 1998, 55-60% of offenders were drug abusers. This research highlights that drug misuse is prevalent among more than 75% of offenders on supervision nationwide. - Almost 36% of offenders in the 35+ age group misused drugs only. - The majority of current opiate misusers were male and between the ages of 18-34 at 63.8%. The majority of misusers of prescribed drugs were also males in the 18-34 age-group at 72.6%. However, notably 10% of the misusers were female in the 25-34 age-group. - The Dublin regions are proportionally highest for current opiate misuse, current prescription drugs and also current stimulant misuse. - Alcohol is the individual substance that is most commonly misused by offenders on probation supervision nationally. The misuse of 'alcohol only' is highest in the South West and the West, North West and Westmeath regions. - 33.5% of offenders identified as alcohol misusers were described as problematic at the time the survey was conducted. 79.7% were described as misusers in the past only. 27.1% were described as problematic misusers both currently and in the past. - 71% of alcohol-misusing offenders had their misuse linked to the current offence committed. - Drug-misuse linked to the offence is more pronounced in the younger age categories in this survey. Each of the age categories 18-24, 25-34 and 35-44 have in excess of 70% link to offending while the 45-54 and 55-64 age groups have a 50% or less link to offending. - The majority of drug-related offences were either for Drug Offences (31.8%) or acquisitive crimes such as Theft (32.8%). - The majority of alcohol related offences were crimes against the person and public order offences at almost 40%. - 41.7% of the total drug-misusing population was currently engaged in drug treatment services. - Half of the offenders within this survey had undergone drug treatment, in its various forms, in the past. - 72% of drug misusers were on methadone maintenance programmes Details: Meath: Irish Probation Service, 2012. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Probation Service Research Report: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18746/1/Drug%2Band%2BAlcohol%2BMisuse%2Bamong%2BAdult%2BOffenders%2Bon%2BProbation%2BSupervision%2Bin%2BIreland.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18746/1/Drug%2Band%2BAlcohol%2BMisuse%2Bamong%2BAdult%2BOffenders%2Bon%2BProbation%2BSupervision%2Bin%2BIreland.pdf Shelf Number: 133054 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug AbuseDrug OffendersOffender SupervisionProbationers (Ireland) |
Author: Horgan, John Title: Drug and Alcohol Misuse Among Young Offenders on Probation Supervision in Ireland: Findings from the Drugs and Alcohol Survey 2012 Summary: This research report presents the findings from a national survey on: "Drug and Alcohol Misuse among Young Offenders on Probation Supervision in Ireland". Undertaken by the Probation Service, the survey included all young offenders, aged 20 years or less who were subject to statutory supervision on the 3rd December 2012. For the purposes of the survey, the following interventions by the Probation Service were not included under the definition of supervision: - Offenders in custody - Offenders only subject to community service orders - Offenders only referred for an assessment report - Offenders aged 21 years and over (i.e. born on or after Dec. 5th 1991) From the Probation Service data base (Case Tracking System) it was expected that the total population meeting the criteria would be 808. Questionnaires were in fact returned on 721 offenders. This 88% rate of return is comparatively high for mailed questionnaires. Of the 721 offenders on whom questionnaires were returned, 628 were identified by the Probation Officer as having misused at least one substance. This report describes the key findings from the survey and consists of four main chapters, reflecting the key objectives which were, to: - Determine the number of young offenders under probation supervision who had misused drugs and/or alcohol (Chapter 3) - Investigate the nature and frequency of drug and alcohol misuse (Chapter 3) - To examine the context within which drug and alcohol misuse occurred (Chapter 4) - To ascertain whether a relationship exists between drug misuse and offending behaviour and alcohol misuse and offending behaviour (Chapter 5) - To identify the range and nature of engagement with drug and alcohol treatment services (Chapter 6) The report concludes with a discussion of the survey's findings. The discussion explores options for more effective engagement with young offenders to promote desistance and divert young people from the criminal justice system. Details: Dublin: Ireland Probation Service, 2013. Source: Internet Resource: Probation Service Research Report 3: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.probation.ie/website/probationservice/websitepublishingdec09.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Drug+and+alcohol+misuse+among+young+offenders++October+2013/$FILE/Drug+and+alcohol+misuse+among+young+offenders++October+2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.probation.ie/website/probationservice/websitepublishingdec09.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Drug+and+alcohol+misuse+among+young+offenders++October+2013/$FILE/Drug+and+alcohol+misuse+among+young+offenders++October+2013.pdf Shelf Number: 133060 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug OffendersJuvenile Offender SupervisionJuvenile OffendersJuvenile Probation (Ireland)Substance Abuse |
Author: Harvey, Shannon Title: Case by Case: Refuge provision in London for survivors of domestic violence who use alcohol and other drugs or have mental health problems Summary: Not long after the inception of the Stella Project in 2002, a survey of Women's Aid refuges found that just 13% would always accept women with mental health or drug or alcohol needs, while another 48% said that they would sometimes take these women, depending on other factors (Barron, 2004). Over the intervening decade, we have witnessed greater recognition of the intersections between the issues and seen many examples of increased partnership working across the domestic violence, substance use and mental health sectors. Despite the many positive changes, however, one of the most persistent concerns raised by practitioners is the lack of refuge space for women who are affected by substance use and/or mental ill-health. This study aimed to provide an updated picture of access to refuge services for this group of survivors. This was achieved through: - Telephone or face-to-face interviews with London-based refuge service providers (n=30) about their policies on accommodating women with drug and alcohol and/or mental health problems. - Freedom of information requests to all London boroughs (excluding the City of Westminster) in April 2012 and August 2013 about the number of women with drug and alcohol and/or mental health problems accommodated in refuges in the borough in the previous twelve months. The key findings were: - Most boroughs (n=18) include some level of requirement to support women with drug and alcohol and/or mental health problems within service specifications for refuge provision. This sometimes a specific requirement or a more generic 'expectation' that all survivors would be supported and that problematic substance use or mental ill-health would not constitute an absolute exclusion criteria. - Only two boroughs actively exclude women with drug and alcohol and/or mental health problems from the refuges they fund. - Most refuges fulfil the requirements in their service specification by operating a 'case by case' basis for assessing the needs and risks of potential service users. - Many refuges do, however, operate a partial blanket policy relating to certain types of substance use and/or mental health problems, most commonly women using opiates (including methadone) and those who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder or dementia. - Only seventeen (53.1%) of 32 local authorities were able to provide full or partial information on the number of domestic violence survivors accommodated by their refuge providers in the past year who had identified problems with drugs and/or alcohol and mental health needs. - In 2012 and 2013 these 17 boroughs accommodated, at most, 239 women with identified problems in relation to alcohol or drug use or mental health. - Only 14 boroughs could provide information about the number of women with drug and alcohol and/or mental health problems were refused access to refuge accommodation in their borough. Details: London: AVA (Against Violence & Abuse) and Solace Women's Aid, 2014. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2014 at: http://www.avaproject.org.uk/media/148039/case%20by%20case%20-%20london%20refuge%20provision%20-%20final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.avaproject.org.uk/media/148039/case%20by%20case%20-%20london%20refuge%20provision%20-%20final.pdf Shelf Number: 132029 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDomestic Violence (U.K.)Drug AbuseMental Health ServicesVictim ServicesViolence Against Women |
Author: Centre for Social Justice Title: No Quick Fix: Exposing the depth of Britain's drugs and alcohol problem Summary: This report lays bare the reality of substance abuse and addiction in Britain today. This ongoing challenge affects millions of people and has huge costs. Alcohol abuse costs taxpayers $21 billion a year and drugs $15 billion. While costs matter, it is the human consequences that present the real tragedy. The abuse of substances is a pathway to poverty and can lead to family breakdown and child neglect, homelessness, crime, debt, and long-term worklessness. From its impact on children to its consequences for those in later life, addiction destroys lives, wrecks families and blights communities. The scale of the problem is shocking. 1.6 million people are dependent on alcohol in England alone. One in seven children under the age of one live with a substance-abusing parent, and more than one in five (2.6 million) live with a parent who drinks hazardously. 335,000 (one in 37) children live with a parent who is addicted to drugs. The Centre for Social Justice (CSJ) has been encouraged by some of the commitments contained within the Drug Strategy 2010 and by the efforts of some reformers within government. The move to a recovery-oriented system is an important step to ensuring that harm reduction is only the first step along a path to abstinence and full recovery. Challenges persist, however, as many vested interests remain entrenched within the treatment system. Supporters of substitute treatment remain unconvinced by the possibilities of full- and long-term recovery, and are resistant to reform. Alarmingly, some commissioners are withdrawing support for effective services. The CSJ has learned that 55 per cent of local authorities have cut funding to residential rehabilitation centres whilst harm reduction services that maintain people in their addiction have been preserved under the NHS ring-fence. These rehabilitation centres, which the Prime Minister has rightly backed in the past, have proved time and again to be an effective way of breaking the cycle of addiction and must be supported. In this report, we also highlight the system's lack of ambition to tackle alcohol abuse, despite its rising cost. While two-thirds of the 300,000 drug addicts in England get treatment, only a small minority (approximately seven per cent) alcohol dependants get similar help. Furthermore, by withdrawing its plans for a minimum unit price, the Government has missed an opportunity to tackle the increased availability of super cheap, strong alcohol. Parents and children, together with addicts and taxpayers, are calling for action. In this report we outline the challenges; in the coming year the CSJ will publish policy recommendations to help solve Britain's drug and alcohol crisis. Details: London: Centre for Social Justice, 2013. 107p. Source: Internet Resource: Breakthrough Britain II: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/addict.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/addict.pdf Shelf Number: 129896 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism (U.K.)Drug Abuse and AddictionDrug PolicySubstance Abuse |
Author: Cobb, Kimberly Title: Going Beyond Compliance Monitoring of Drug/Alcohol-Involved Tribal Probationers Summary: It is no secret that alcohol and substance abuse are common problems in Indian Country. While official data on crime in Indian Country is hard to come by, anecdotal data alludes to the fact that many tribal communities face overwhelming numbers of crimes either directly related to or associated with drugs/alcohol. Alcohol abuse has been associated with numerous negative consequences including crime, domestic violence, sexual assault and rape, suicide, morbidity, and ultimately mortality (Aguirre & Watts, 2010; Kovas, McFarland, Landen, Lopez, & May, 2008). However, alcohol is far from the only substance abused on tribal land. Marijuana, methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and various pharmaceutical drugs are also regularly abused (NDIC, 2008). Although there has been great emphasis lately on the building or renovation of detention facilities in Indian Country, many tribal communities hold fast to the belief that they do not want to imprison their members. In fact, alternatives to incarceration, which includes probation and community supervision programs, are professed as a more "culturally compatible approach to punishment for crime" in Indian Country (Luna-Firebaugh, 2003, p. 63). Therefore, unless something tragic has occurred, those charged with drug/alcohol-related offenses will more than likely be placed on community supervision. That is where you come in as the tribal probation officer. Working with probationers is more than just identifying and controlling their risk to re-offend. As a tribal probation officer, you are "charged with ensuring public safety; holding offenders accountable for their actions; and, facilitating behavioral change in offenders" (The Century Council, 2010, pg. 8). In order to fulfill this charge, you often have to take on many roles associated with law enforcement, social work, counselor and court servant - which, at times, can have conflicting goals (Cobb, Mowatt, Matz, & Mullins, 2011). To be effective, you have to blend your duties of being an officer of the court (focused on compliance) and a probationer motivator (focused on facilitating behavior change) - both of which are necessary to fulfill the mandate of protecting public safety. In order to be effective and protect public safety over the long-term, as a tribal probation officer, you must move beyond compliance monitoring of the probation conditions ordered by the court to working with individuals on your caseload to identifying the root cause of the issues behind their drug/alcohol-related problems and intervene as necessary to put them on a better path. Details: Lexington, KY: American Probation & Parole Association, 2014. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 25, 2014 at: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/pubs/GBAITP.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/pubs/GBCMDAITP.pdf Shelf Number: 133133 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlternatives To IncarcerationCommunity Based CorrectionsCommunity SupervisionDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug OffendersIndians of North AmericaProbation Officers (U.S.)ProbationersRisk AssessmentSubstance Abuse |
Author: Fox, Anne Title: Understanding behaviour in the Australian and New Zealand night-time economies. An anthropological study Summary: Drinking and drunkenness are nothing new. The world's oldest written recipe is for beer. Both praise and admonishment for drunkenness can be found in the world's most ancient texts. In one ancient Egyptian text, a teacher at a school for scribes chastises his young student for his night-time carousing: "I have heard that you abandoned writing and that you whirl around in pleasures, that you go from street to street and it reeks of beer. Beer makes him cease being a man. It causes your soul to wander . . . Now you stumble and fall upon your belly, being anointed with dirt." Today, despite all we now know about the science of alcohol and its effects, each generation of young people seems doomed to repeat this ancient pattern of destructive and excessive consumption. In Australia and New Zealand, there is heightened concern that, once again, young people are falling prey to a culture of drink, depravity and violence. There is no escaping the fact that recent deaths recorded in the night-time economy (NTE) in New South Wales, Australia have been horrific. The names and photographs of the victims are etched in our memories and we owe it to them and their families to investigate the underlying drivers of this violence. Yet the public debate about alcohol-related anti-social behaviour in both countries has tended to look only at what has happened and where, rather than why. There is a notable absence of significant studies of the cultural drivers of misuse and anti-social behaviour or of the backgrounds, motives or characteristics of the perpetrators of such violence. It is unlikely that we will achieve real and positive change in the drinking culture until we have a better understanding of what is driving it. Most reports treat this phenomenon as if it were driven by exclusively modern social forces: television, advertising, 'youth culture' etc., or merely by the inevitable side-effect of the ingestion of ethanol. This paper will look at the influence of these factors in Australia and New Zealand, but also at the intersection of these modern influences with very ancient but ever-present human behaviours and needs. This paper will address the key question of what drives and influences drinking patterns, anti-social misbehaviour and violence in the night-time economy (NTE), by presenting an overview of the drinking culture in both countries and an anthropological perspective on the problem areas and potential solutions. Details: Silverwater, NSW: Lion, 2015. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.lionco.com/content/u12/Dr%20Anne%20Fox%20report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lionco.com/content/u12/Dr%20Anne%20Fox%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 135189 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyMasculinitiesNight-Time Economies |
Author: Roth, Lenny Title: Liquor licensing restrictions to address alcohol-related violence in NSW: 2008 to 2014 Summary: The issue of alcohol-related violence, and in particular violence occurring in and around licensed premises, has been at the forefront of debate in NSW for several years. A range of measures have been introduced to tackle this problem, including those announced by Premier O'Farrell on 21 January 2014. Restrictions imposed on licensed premises under existing and new provisions of the Liquor Act 2007 have been a major part of the reforms. This e-brief outlines the main liquor licensing restrictions that have been introduced since 2008. It also refers to studies that have been done on the effectiveness of certain restrictions, and it examines trends in alcohol-related assaults. Details: Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Research Service, 2014. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: e-brief 4/2014: Accessed April 25, 2015 at: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/Liquorlicensingrestrictionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinNSW:2008to2014/$File/Liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/Liquorlicensingrestrictionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinNSW:2008to2014/$File/Liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf Shelf Number: 135393 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Hussain, Qusai Title: Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment within the Context of the Criminal Justice System: A Review of the Literature Summary: This literature review is submitted to the Victorian Department of Human Services' Drugs Policy and Services Branch, as the first part of the Forensic Workforce Training Program project and has been written by the Research, Development and Projects division at Caraniche Pty Ltd. The purpose of the literature review is two-fold. First, it provides a critical review of current best practice in forensic alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment and secondly, it provides an analysis of the methodologies employed in developing and delivering effective training programs for AOD workers in the criminal justice system. These findings in combination with the Training Needs Analysis undertaken by the Youth Substance Abuse Service will provide the framework for the development of the Forensic Workforce Training Program. The literature review consisted of three phases, namely on-line database searches, web-based searches and specific website searches. The searches were guided by three content areas comprising: 1. current best practice principles in the provision of drug and alcohol treatment. 2. current best practice principles applied by AOD workers when working with forensic clients. 3. the nature, scope and efficacy of training programs developed for AOD workers working with forensic clients. Details: Melbourne: Victorian Department of Human Services' Drugs Policy and Services Branch, 2015. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2015 at: http://docs.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/49D540596D8A390CCA25789A007E9034/$FILE/fwt-litreview.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://docs.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/49D540596D8A390CCA25789A007E9034/$FILE/fwt-litreview.pdf Shelf Number: 135502 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol TreatmentDrug Abuse and AdditionDrug TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Gilchrist, Liz Title: Roles of Alcohol in Intimate Partner Abuse Summary: is little available evidence relating to the measurement of alcohol use in IPV relationships (McMurran & Gilchrist, 2008). This mixed-method, multi-phase project aimed to unpick some of the complicated roles that alcohol appears to have in intimate partner abuse. The study did not set out to focus on male to female abuse but the data available resulted in this being the focus. The mixed-method design comprised three phases: Phase 1 involved secondary data, incorporating statistical analysis of cases from Strathclyde Police's databases which provided details of almost a quarter of a million police call-outs to domestic incidents. Phase 2 involved 80 quantitative interviews with three groups who were termed as follows; the 'convicted' (male prisoners - including both those convicted of domestic offence and general offenders'), the 'conflicted' (mainly female clients of agencies dealing with domestic issues - comprising those who might be considered as 'victims'/survivors of domestic problems), and the 'contented'(male community football players - envisaged to be experiencing general population levels of relationship conflict). All three groups received the same questionnaire pack which included three validated screening tools that assess alcohol and/or violence risk, specifically The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), The Alcohol Related Aggression Questionnaire (ARAQ) The revised Conflict Tactics Inventory (CTS2) (Phase2); (Phase3). Phase 3 involved semi-structured one-to-one digitally recorded qualitative interviews with a subset of the prisoner group who had completed the questionnaire pack from Phase2. The police records phase indicated that most domestic call-outs involved alcohol use in some way (usually with the accused being recorded as 'under the influence'), with alcohol often being noted at more serious cases (those resulting in a crime being recorded, or physical violence). In the questionnaire phase, screening tool scores indicated high levels of risky alcohol use, alcohol-related aggression, and partner conflict among prisoners. Partner conflict, but not alcohol use, was also high amongst the agency clients. The qualitative interview phase indicated a high rate of problematic alcohol use in prisoners' family backgrounds, and conscious awareness of the effects of alcohol use in enabling violent behaviour and criminality. Also that participants considered alcohol to have a direct effect on their behaviour and did present alcohol as an exculpatory factor, sometimes. However multiple roles by which alcohol use may influence partner conflict were reported (not just intoxicated violence) including male entitlement to drink and alcohol spend harming limited family budgets. There were clear indications that cultural, sub-cultural, familial and contextual influences on gender and alcohol use were intertwined, for example that when women were drinking they were held more accountable for any relationship conflict (victim blaming), whilst if men were drinking they were held to be less accountable (accused excusing). We conclude that alcohol is a correlate of domestic abuse and thus does need to be addressed. The high levels of alcohol consumption in our convicted sample, and relationship conflict in our conflicted and convicted samples suggests that joint intervention might be appropriate for those experiencing relationship conflicts. However the strong beliefs in a direct causal effect of alcohol, and strong culturally shaped and gendered beliefs about men and women's drinking also demands that alcohol is addressed not as an individual risk factor but in terms of alcohol expectancies, related beliefs and as a gendered issue. Details: London: Alcohol Research UK,2014. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2015 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0117.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0117.pdf Shelf Number: 136087 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence |
Author: Turner, Alina Title: Alternatives to Criminalizing Public Intoxication: Case Study of a Sobering Centre in Calgary, AB Summary: Western society has for centuries treated public intoxication as a crime, based on the idea that those found drunk in public can be harmful - to themselves, to the people around them, and to the social values of the community. To this day, public intoxication is in many places still a criminal offence, including in Canada. But what happens when, instead of approaching public drunkenness as a crime, we think of it as a symptom of larger problems? And what if, instead of routinely arresting those found drunk in public, we gave them a place to sober up, where they also have the opportunity to get help for other issues that may be contributing to the situation that put them there in the first place? As it turns out, this approach may provide a greater reduction in possible harm to the individual, others around him or her, and the broader community. In Calgary, Alpha House's sobering centre facility takes this approach, welcoming clients who are not eligible for shelter in other, 'dry' facilities. Through its Downtown Outreach Addiction Partnership (DOAP), Alpha House actively works to divert publicly intoxicated people from law-enforcement responses by bringing them into the shelter, or finding other alternatives to incarceration. Once clients have been taken into Alpha House, workers are available and motivated to help clients address any addiction or mental-health issues they might be struggling with and, if appropriate, to assist them in finding secure housing. During a twelve-month assessment period, the results of Alpha House's approach appears to be having a dramatic effect in helping those who have turned up publicly intoxicated, with apparent benefits for the community. During the period measured, there was a 50.1 per cent annualized decrease in the average number of days that clients were hospitalized, compared to the 12-month average prior to their intake into facility programs. There was a 62.6 per cent decrease in the number of times clients were hospitalized, a 50 per cent decrease in the use of emergency medical services, and a 42.4 per cent decrease in the number of times using an emergency room. Most dramatically the study observed a 92.7 per cent decrease in the average number of days clients spent in jail compared to the year prior, and a 70.8 per cent decrease in the number of interactions with police. The number of times clients went to jail actually increased by 26.6 per cent, but that may have to do with Alpha House's staff encouraging clients to address outstanding warrants and charges during their program participation. Calgary Police Services, meanwhile, reports notable decreases in people being processed for public intoxication in its downtown unit facilitated by partnership with community-based organizations, such as Alpha House. This is the crux of the harm-reduction approach: that holding cells should be a last resort for those publicly intoxicated people who cannot safely or effectively be helped through a sobering centre. But for those who are suitable for Alpha House's program, the effects appear to be highly encouraging, providing an option to divert people facing the difficult personal circumstances that might cause them to be publicly intoxicated, into a program where they can access medical support, addiction and recovery programs. We may never eliminate public intoxication, but if our goal in criminalizing it has been to reduce harm to the individual and those around him or her, the sobering-centre approach appears to provide a much more effective response. Sobering centres will not and should not replace the need for medical intervention in some cases. They cannot replace the need for police custody as some clients cannot be safely assisted in such facilities. This means that the triage into sobering centres, health system and police custody will continue to be needed. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach to intoxication is necessary, one including sobering facilities along with a continuum of housing, health, and corrections responses that challenges the criminalization of addiction. Details: Calgary, AB: School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, 2015. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: SPP Research Papers: Accessed July 23, 2015 at: http://www.policyschool.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/research/public-intoxication-turner.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: http://www.policyschool.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/research/public-intoxication-turner.pdf Shelf Number: 136145 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrunk and DisorderlyIncivilities, Disorderly Conduct |
Author: Coghlan, Sarah Title: Drug use monitoring in Australia: 2013-14 report on drug use among police detainees Summary: Delivered by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC), the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program supports the National Drug Strategy through its timely provision of data on changes in alcohol and other drug consumption habits among Australian police detainees and through its monitoring and reporting of fluctuations in the illicit drug market. Since 1999, 51,748 detainees have been interviewed, of whom 37,398 also provided a urine sample that was analysed to identify licit and illicit drug use. The data gathered through DUMA has informed government policy and research, and contributed to the National Drug Strategy aims of improving health, social and economic outcomes by reducing supply, demand and harm. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2015. 132p. Source: Internet Resource: AIC Monitoring Reports 27: Accessed September 5, 2015 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/mr/mr27/mr27.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/mr/mr27/mr27.pdf Shelf Number: 136692 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and Addiction Drug Abuse and Crime Drug Offenders Illicit DrugsSubstance Abuse |
Author: Akesson, Grant Title: The Impact of Liquor Restrictions in Halls Creek. Quantitative Date -- Five Years Post-restriction Summary: On 11 May 2009, the Director of Liquor Licensing released his decision that, as of 18 May 2009, the following restrictions be imposed for an indefinite period of time, with a review of the effectiveness of the restrictions at regular intervals. Halls Creek Store - The sale of packaged liquor, exceeding a concentration of ethanol and liquor of 2.7 per cent at 200C, is prohibited to any person, other than a liquor merchant. Kimberley Store - The sale of packaged liquor, exceeding a concentration of ethanol and liquor of 2.7 per cent at 200C, is prohibited to any person, other than a lodger (as defined in section 3 of the Liquor Control Act 1988) or a liquor merchant. - The sale and supply of liquor for consumption on the premises is prohibited before 12:00 noon on any day, except when it is sold ancillary to a meal or to a lodger. - A dress code is to be displayed at each entrance to the premises. - Liquor products are not permitted to be displayed for sale within the area outlined blue on the plan dated 17 November 2008. This report provides a range of statistical information covering six time periods. - Pre-restriction - June 2008 to May 2009; - Post-restriction period 1 - June 2009 to May 2010; - Post-restriction period 2 - June 2010 to May 2011; - Post-restriction Period 3 - June 2011 to May 2012; - Post-restriction Period 4 - June 2012 to May 2013; - Post-restriction Period 5 - June 2013 to May 2014. Details: Western Australia : Drug and Alcohol Office, Government of Western Australia, 2015. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2015 at: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=1155&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=1155&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Shelf Number: 137191 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Western Australia. Drug and Alcohol Office Title: Transitional Housing and Support Program (THASP) Evaluation Summary: In March 2011, the Economic and Expenditure Reform Committee (EERC) approved a Combined Capital Bid (CCB) by the Minister for Mental Health; Disability Services, to provide capital funding for community based housing for people with mental illness, AOD problems and disabilities. The Transitional Housing and Support Program (THASP) Phase 1 was established as a pilot, jointly implemented by Department of Housing (DoH) and the Drug and Alcohol Office (DAO). THASP Program Scope In May 2011 THASP Phase 1 commenced providing community based, independent living for people exiting residential AOD treatment programs. A key feature of the THASP program is ongoing support for clients to help with personal recovery and relapse prevention. Clients are assisted with support worker visits; counselling; integration back into the community, education, training and employment; independent living skills; and identifying suitable long term housing. Support provided in each house can vary from harm minimisation, reduced use and ongoing abstinence (with the possible exception of prescription medication or tobacco). The houses are either sole use, shared with other participants or with the client's family. Houses can include mixed cohorts or programs for specific populations, such as mixed gender, women with children, youth or Aboriginal people and families. The houses are primarily available for 3-6 months however some cases may warrant longer term (up to 12 months). Clients can include those with severe and long-term problematic use of alcohol and other drugs, a history of unsuccessful treatment, home or social environment unsupportive of treatment and/or clients who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. It was expected that THASP would achieve the following: - positive outcomes for clients and their families accessing the services; - an increase in number of people exiting residential rehabilitation services and successfully transitioning into independent living; and - a reduction in the number of people exiting residential rehabilitation into homelessness. Evaluation Scope Data collection for the THASP evaluation commenced in March 2013 and was completed by 30 August 2013. Within scope were 15 THASP houses allocated to 8 residential treatment support providers. From commencement of THASP to 30 August 2013, 35 clients resided in a THASP house with an average length of stay of 6 months. The key evaluation objectives were to determine: - program outputs - short-term program outcomes - process issues and what could be improved, including: -- Impact on residential treatment services as support providers -- Impact on the local community and other external stakeholders Not within the initial scope was a review of efficiency, effectiveness and cost effectiveness. However, based on the data collection for the objectives listed above, a basic analysis was conducted and reported on in the Discussion section of this paper. Details: Mount Lawley, WA, AUS: Western Australian Drug and Alcohol Office, 2013. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 6, 2015 at: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?EntryId=951&Command=Core_Download&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?EntryId=951&Command=Core_Download&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Shelf Number: 137205 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug OffendersHomeless PersonsHousingMentally IllReentryTreatment Programs |
Author: Coghlan, Sarah Title: Findings from the DUMA program: Impact of reduced methamphetamine supply on consumption of illicit drugs and alcohol Summary: Changes in illicit drug availability have been shown to impact users' alcohol and other drug consumption. In late 2000 and early 2001, Australia experienced a sudden and dramatic reduction in the supply of heroin which has continued to the present date. This shortage has been attributed to, at least in part, supply-side reduction strategies undertaken by law enforcement (Weatherburn et al. 2003). However, the benefits associated with this shortage were to some degree offset by the unintended consequence of displacement in illicit drug use, reflected in an increase in the use of other drugs, such as cocaine (Weatherburn et al. 2003). Research into the impact of the heroin shortage on illicit drug users has resulted in an awareness of the need to understand potential unintended outcomes of supply-side drug law enforcement strategies. Recent media articles and government inquiries have highlighted methamphetamine as a drug of particular concern in Australia, with both the purity and availability of methamphetamine currently being very high (ACC 2014; LRDCPC 2014; Scott et al. 2014). It is not clear whether law enforcement efforts could produce a substantial methamphetamine shortage, such as that seen for heroin, as the methamphetamine supply is supported by both domestic production and importation (ACC 2014; LRDCPC 2014). However, as seizure rates continue to climb, there is some evidence that government policy and policing efforts are having an impact on supply. In 2012-13, the number and weight of border detections of amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) increased and were reported by the Australian Crime Commission to be the highest on record, with the 21,056 reported seizures accounting for 24.2 percent of national illicit drug seizures, second only to cannabis (ACC 2014). Further, the number of clandestine laboratories detected in Australia was the second highest on record, having more than doubled over the last 10 years, with the majority of clandestine laboratories detected domestically producing ATS (ACC 2014). Few studies have examined the likely impact of such seizures on methamphetamine users' drug usage habits. However, a recent examination of the impact of supply-side reduction strategies on drug use and harm in New South Wales conducted by Wan et al. (2014) reported that seizures and supplier arrests for ATS were either positively associated, or were not significantly associated, with drug use and harm measures. For example, an increase in the number of large-scale ATS seizures was positively associated with an increase in the number of arrests for use or possession of ATS (Wan et al. 2014). However, no significant associations were found between the number of ATS seizures or supplier arrests and emergency department admissions (Wan et al. 2014). Although subject to number of limitations including that the study measured the associations across a relatively short temporal period (ie drug use/possession arrests were examined monthly for 4 months after seizures occurred) and that some of the drug use and harm measures may not have been sensitive enough to detect changes in consumption, the findings suggested that increases in seizures and supplier arrests for ATS may be indicative of an increased supply in the short term (Wan et al. 2014). A study by Chalmers, Bradford and Jones (2010) examined responses to hypothetical changes in the price of methamphetamine among a sample of New South Wales residents between 18 and 58 years of age (n=101) who reported using methamphetamine in the past month. As the price of methamphetamine was manipulated, users reported that they would purchase less methamphetamine at higher price levels. It was estimated that a price increase of 10 percent would result in an 18 to 19 percent decrease in the quantity of methamphetamine purchased (Chalmers, Bradford & Jones 2010). However, a number of respondents anticipated switching to using pharmaceutical opioids, cocaine and to a lesser extent, heroin, if the price of methamphetamine were to rise (Chalmers, Bradford & Jones 2010). Despite this evidence of anticipated displacement, the authors concluded that there would be an overall reduction in drug consumption, as the level of substitution for other drugs was more than offset by the decrease in the quantity of methamphetamine purchased (Chalmers, Bradford & Jones 2010). However, this study suffered from a number of limitations. First, the findings represent methamphetamine users' intentions as reported to researchers, which may or may not correspond to actual behaviour during periods of reduced methamphetamine supply. It is important to examine the actual behaviour users demonstrate in response to changes in drug markets, rather than how they believe they would behave in a hypothetical situation. Second, the assumption that supply reduction through law enforcement leads to an increase in the price of an illicit drug may not be valid or may only occur when an extreme shortage is experienced. A study conducted in the United States reported that if a drug market is well-established, the expansion of drug law enforcement may yield little return in the way of increased prices (Caulkins & Reuter 2010). Consistent with this, a 2014 review of empirical studies into the impact of increased law enforcement efforts on drug prices concluded that there was insufficient evidence to link the escalation of law enforcement activity with the raising of drug prices (Pollack & Reuter 2014). Since 1999, the Australian Institute of Criminology has monitored drug use and crime trends across Australia through the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program. Each quarter, detainees held in watchhouses at various sites across Australia are asked to complete an interviewer-assisted self-report questionnaire. Twice a year, detainees are also asked to provide a voluntary urine sample, which is analysed for the presence of illicit drugs. These data allow monitoring of the availability of illicit substances, including methamphetamine, and examinations of crime and drug usage behaviours. Using DUMA data, an analysis is presented of retrospective self-reports from methamphetamine users (police detainees) on the impact that periods of reduced methamphetamine supply had on reported consumption of methamphetamine, alcohol and other illicit drugs. In order to collect more detailed data, in quarter three of 2013, detainees who had indicated methamphetamine use in the previous 12 months were presented with additional questions to assess whether they had previously experienced a period when methamphetamine was hard to get and if they had, how this had affected the quantity of methamphetamine, alcohol and other illicit drugs used at that time. The findings should be considered in the context of Australian drug markets where methamphetamine is currently readily available, with some localised differences in availability (LRDCPC 2014). Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2015. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: Research in Practice No. 36: Accessed January 25, 2016 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip36/rip36.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip36/rip36.pdf Shelf Number: 137649 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug MarketsIllegal DrugsMethamphetamine |
Author: Title: Drug use monitoring in Australia: an expansion into the Pilbara Summary: The link between the use of alcohol, other drugs and crime continues to be a concern in communities throughout Australia. In regional Western Australia, little is known about the patterns of substance use and crime. In an attempt to better understand a regional offending population and their alcohol and drug use, the Australian Institute of Criminology's Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) project was utilised to collect such data in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In South Hedland (regional Western Australia), 51 police detainees were interviewed and compared with a sample of 209 Perth (metropolitan Western Australia) detainees. The findings indicated that while illicit drug use among those interviewed in a regional setting was significantly lower across most drug types, alcohol use was higher. Of particular concern were the levels of risky drinking reported by South Hedland detainees and their assertion that alcohol contributed to their current detention. These findings are important in providing a better picture of alcohol and drug use in a regional population and will assist in shaping prevention and response strategies. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2016. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 504: Accessed February 11, 2016 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi504.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi504.pdf Shelf Number: 137843 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionSubstance Abuse |
Author: Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee Title: Special Report: The involvement of alcohol consumption in the deaths of children and young people in New Zealand during the years 2005-2007 Summary: While it is commonly accepted that alcohol misuse is harmful, very little is known about the effects of alcohol on the lives of children in New Zealand, particularly those under the age of 16. This special report was commissioned to investigate the role that alcohol consumption plays in the deaths of children and young people in New Zealand. This report examines 357 deaths of children and young people aged between 4 weeks and 24 years who died in New Zealand during the years 2005 to 2007. In 87 of these, the death was attributable to alcohol or alcohol clearly contributed to the death. Of these 87 deaths, 49 involved a motor vehicle, 16 involved assault and 11 were due to drowning. The majority of these deaths related to young people 15 to 24 years. The data shows a dramatic increase in death rates for injury from age 15 years onwards; much of this relates to adolescent risk-taking behaviour for which alcohol is a precipitating factor. This report also highlights that too many young people are victims of their own drinking or victims of the drinking of others. These issues represent different parts of the same problem but require different strategies for prevention. Victims of their own drinking typically drive while intoxicated, carry out risky behaviours (eg, being an intoxicated pedestrian) or drink to the point of poisoning and death. Most victims of others' drinking get into cars with, or are injured by, an intoxicated driver or are assaulted by people who are drunk. Details: Wellington, NZ: Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee, 2011. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2016 at: http://www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/CYMRC/Publications/Alcohol-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/CYMRC/Publications/Alcohol-report.pdf Shelf Number: 137866 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingYouth Mortality |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Licensing Act 2003: Its uses and abuses 10 years on Summary: In this research project the Institute of Alcohol Studies (IAS) set out to assess the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 (hereon referred to as 'the Act') on the wider public sector 10 years after its implementation. IAS has been involved with the Act from its very beginning; while there was undoubtedly a real need for reform, at the time we cautioned that the proposals seemed: Likely to undermine rather than protect the public welfare and described the White Paper as 'confused and ambiguous.' In partnership with the Civic Trust, IAS founded 'Open All Hours?', a network of local residents' and amenity groups, to ensure their voice was heard in the policy process. This group lobbied in particular for the cumulative impact provision that was finally included in the guidance. On starting this project there appeared to be wide disagreement as to what licensing could and should to, whether it is regulatory or permissive, and whether it is narrowly administrative or guided by a wider view of the public good. We hope that this project will stimulate debate on these issues and lead to greater clarity for all involved in licensing. IAS wants to see licensing support diverse, inclusive and sustainable communities, without undermining local areas and putting undue pressure onto the public sector. Alcohol is used and enjoyed by many, but it can also be the cause of significant social and personal problems; licensing should have a key role to play in addressing and preventing many of these problems. In many respects the Act has resulted in continuity rather than change, yet this research found common complaints from local authorities who felt that it has caused them significant problems, particularly in regard to the off-trade. This report puts forward the view that the Act has been interpreted to the advantage of the licenced trade and there is a need to address some of the myths that have developed around the Act's use. Details: London: Institute of Alcohol Studies, 2016. 241p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2016 at: http://www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/IAS%20reports/rp22032016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/IAS%20reports/rp22032016.pdf Shelf Number: 138526 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Snowdon, Christopher Title: Drinking, Fast and Slow: Ten years of the Licensing Act Summary: - Introduced in 2005, the Licensing Act allowed more flexibility in pub, bar and nightclub opening times and allowed for the possibility of '24 - It was widely predicted that the relaxation of licensing laws would lead to higher rates of alcohol consumption, more binge-drinking, more violent crime and more alcohol-related attendances to Accident and Emergency departments. In the event, none of this occurred. - Per capita alcohol consumption had been rising for many years, but peaked in 2004 and has fallen by 17 per cent since the Licensing Act was introduced. This is the largest reduction in UK drinking rates since the 1930s. - Rates of 'binge-drinking' have declined amongst all age groups since 2005, with the biggest fall occurring amongst the 16-24 age group. - Violent crime declined in the first year of the new licensing regime and has fallen in most years since. Since 2004/05, the rate of violent crime has fallen by 40 per cent, public order offences have fallen by 9 per cent, homicide has fallen by 44 per cent, domestic violence has fallen by 28 per cent and the number of incidents of criminal damage has fallen by 48 per cent. There has been a rise in violent crime between 3am and 6am, but this has been offset by a larger decline at the old closing times (11pm-midnight and 2am to 3am). - The weight of evidence from Accident and Emergency departments suggests that there was either no change or a slight decline in alcohol-related admissions after the Licensing Act was introduced. Alcohol-related hospital admissions have continued to rise, albeit at a slower pace than before the Act was introduced, but there has been no rise in the rate of alcohol-related mortality. There was also a statistically significant decline in late-night traffic accidents following the enactment of the Act. - The evidence from England and Wales contradicts the 'availability theory' of alcohol, which dictates that longer opening hours lead to more drinking, more drunkenness and more alcohol-related harm. The British experience since 2005 shows that longer opening hours do not necessarily create greater demand. - There is little evidence that the Licensing Act led to the creation of a continental cafe culture, as some proponents of liberalisation had hoped, but the primary objectives of diversifying the night-time economy, allowing greater freedom of choice and improving public order have largely been met. By relaxing the licensing laws, the government allowed consumers to pursue their preferences more effectively. In practice, this resulted in relatively modest extensions in opening hours, not '24 hour drinking'. By allowing a greater degree of self-regulation, the Licensing Act benefited consumers without creating the disastrous consequences that were widely predicted. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing 15:05: Accessed May 5, 2016 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Shelf Number: 138950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-social BehaviorBinge DrinkingDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Kevin, Maria Title: A Process Evaluation of the Intensive Drug and Alcohol Treatment Program (IDATP). Study One: Program Establishment, Design and Appropriateness Summary: NSW 2021 Priority Action Establish dedicated metropolitan drug treatment facilities focussed on treatment, rehabilitation and keeping drugs out of prisons Foreward The CSNSW Intensive Drug and Alcohol Treatment Program (IDATP), an initiative of the current NSW government which opened in February 2012, is the largest prison -based residential drug treatment program in the southern hemisphere. While drug treatment had been available in NSW prisons for more than 20 years, the NSW government identified the need to strengthen drug treatment for prisoners and provide a new approach to rehabilitation. At the time of writing, the IDATP was an intensive nine-month program, targeted at medium to high risk male prisoners with drug abuse pr oblems and related dynamic criminogenic needs. The program aimed to prevent relapse to drug use and reoffending. It also aimed to improve the social functioning, health and well-being and post-release prospects of participants. Aside from its large capacity, what distinguished the IDATP's design from the existing programs was an intensive structure combined with a greater emphasis on the integration of a range of interventions and techniques. It operated as a modified therapeutic community, which was deli neated into three explicit program stages - Orientation, Treatment and Maintenance. These treatment stages were designed to bring about incremental degrees of psychological and social learning. The primary modalities were the community living units, therapeutic groups , education, employment, pharmacotherapy and aftercare. As of July 2014, the program had been continually operational for 30 months. More than 300 male prisoners had participated in the program and the women's program - Yallul Kaliarna had recently opened. This preliminary study endeavoured to examine program establish ment, design and appropriateness. The next phase of the evaluation will examine how well the context of the program has been implemented. Details: Sydney: Corrective Services NSW, 2015. 92p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Publication No. 54: Accessed August 1, 2016 at: http://www.correctiveservices.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Related%20Links/publications-and-policies/cres/research-publications/idapt-process-study-one-report-2014.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.correctiveservices.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Related%20Links/publications-and-policies/cres/research-publications/idapt-process-study-one-report-2014.pdf Shelf Number: 139911 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug TreatmentSubstance AbuseSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Schmitz, Stephanie J. Title: A Multiple Indicator Analysis of Drug and Alcohol Use in LaPorte County: 2008-2012 Summary: Overall Drug Treatment Trends Drug treatment trends show mostly stable cocaine and methamphetamine episodes, while the increase in heroin and other opiates has increased tremendously and alcohol treatments have dropped significantly. In spite of these changes, the most common substance for which LaPorte area residents entered treatment continues to be alcohol. In both 2008 and 2011, the most recent year data was available, alcohol treatment admissions compromised the largest percentage of admissions. - The most common illicit substance for which LaPorte County residents sought treatment in 2011 was for heroin, which increased by more than 560% over a three year period. - Combined, treatment admissions for opiate pills and heroin use represented 46% of all illicit drug treatment episodes in LaPorte County in 2011. This percentage was just 29% in 2008. - Opiate pill treatment admissions increased 250%, from 16 cases in 2008 to 56 in 2011. This represents a tripling in opiate pill treatment admissions. Alcohol Indicators: Treatment and Law Enforcement Data While alcohol treatment episodes still comprise nearly half of all admissions in LaPorte County in 2011, these numbers represent a significant decline from 2008 numbers, when alcohol made up nearly threefourths of all treatment admissions. - The number of individuals admitted for alcohol use disorder decreased by 17%, from 295 cases in 2008 to 244 cases in 2011. - Individuals under aged 30 made up slightly more than 40% of all alcohol treatment episodes, and this percentage remained relatively stable over time. - The majority of people entering treatment for alcohol in LaPorte County (75%) was white in both 2008 and 2011. - The most notable change in alcohol treatment admissions occurred among women, as their admissions for alcohol treatment increased 14% from 2008 to 2011. - Treatment admissions for males decreased 28% from 2008 to 2011. - Data from the Sherriffs Office demonstrated a 46% decrease in Operating While Intoxicated (OWI) arrests in four years, from 334 arrests in 2008 to 180 arrests in 2012. - Public drunkenness offenses also decreased by 45% during the years 2008 to 2012. - Michigan City Police also saw significant decreases in the numbers of individuals arrested for OWI offenses - nearly 60% in the four year period 2008 to 2012. - Among juvenile probationers, the number of ABC status offenses (underage alcohol use) decreased by 12%, from 196 in 2008 to 173 in 2012. - In 2012, only 5 of the 10 fatal car collisions that occurred in LaPorte County were the result of alcohol, down from 8 in 2008 and 10 in 2011. Heroin Indicators: Treatment and Law Enforcement Data Heroin treatment admissions exploded from 2008 to 2011, making heroin the most significant emergent drug threat to LaPorte County over the past several years. Treatment admissions for heroin increased by 560% in just three years, from 20 admissions in 2008 to 132 admissions in 2011. - The majority of people entering treatment for heroin -75% - were under age 30 in 2011. Age of first use is a significant concern because the trajectory of heroin use and dependency can result in considerable long-term health and financial consequences for the individual. - Heroin appears to be problem among only white individuals in LaPorte County. Of those entering treatment for heroin in 2011, all admissions excluding one multiracial individual, were for white LaPorte County residents. No African American individuals entered treatment for heroin in 2011. - Women and men were equally likely to enter treatment for heroin in 2011 (63 versus 69), invalidating the assumption that only males use hard drugs like heroin. Findings from the key informant interviews also verify that women are as likely to report heroin use as men. - LaPorte City Metro Operations data indicates that the largest increases in drug arrests were heroin-related offenses, which increased 290%, from 10 arrests in 2008 to 39 arrests in 2012. Marijuana Indicators: Treatment and Law Enforcement Data Marijuana treatment admissions in LaPorte County more than doubled during the 2008-2011 period. The number of LaPorte residents receiving treatment for marijuana increased by 126%, from 46 episodes in 2008 to 104 episodes in 2011. - The majority of people receiving treatment for marijuana were under age 30 in 2008 and 2011. In 2008, those under the age of 30 comprised 76% of marijuana treatment episodes, while in 2011, this number had dropped slightly to 69%. - The fastest growing treatment admissions occurred among the 30 to 39 year old age cohort. This cohort comprised only 15 percent of treatment episodes in 2008, but rose to nearly 25% in 2011. - Treatment admissions for African American individuals increased more rapidly than treatment episodes for whites during 2008-2011. However, white individuals made up the majority of treatment episodes in both 2008 and 2011. - Women made up about one-fourth of marijuana admissions in 2008, but made up about onethird of marijuana treatment admissions in 2011 - Michigan City Metro Operations data showed that marijuana arrests increased about 50%, from 142 arrests in 2008 to 192 arrests in 2012. - Among juveniles, Michigan City Metro Operations data demonstrated a 65% increase in marijuana possessions offenses, from 20 arrests in 2008 to 33 arrests in 2012. Opiate Pill Indicators: Treatment and Law Enforcement Data In addition to heroin, opiate pills such as Vicodin, oxycodone and others, represent a significant drug problem in LaPorte County. As has been noted in current research, approximately 75% of new heroin users transition to heroin following a period of opiate pill use. Once the pills become difficult or costly to acquire, it becomes easier and less expensive to use heroin. Key informants have suggested that this is happening in the LaPorte treatment population well. Therefore, the opiate pills users of today may become tomorrows heroin users. - Key informant interviews among hospital staff and law enforcement indicated that opiate pill use was an increasing and serious problem in the county. - Treatment admissions for other opiate pills increased significantly from 2008 to 2011. In just three years, these admissions rose 250%, from 16 individuals in 2008 to 56 individuals in 2011. - Patients treated for opiates tended to be significantly older than patients treated for heroin use. In 2011, about 51% of those treated for opiates, excluding heroin, were aged 30 and older. The most rapid growth in treatment episodes occurred among the 30 to 39 age cohort. Although the number of cases was small, the number of admissions among this cohort increased 700%, from 2 cases in 2008 to 16 cases in 2011 - The majority of those entering treatment for opiates other than heroin in 2011 were White, with just two cases reporting another race besides White and 6 cases unreported. No African Americans in LaPorte were admitted into treatment for opiates in 2011. - In 2011, the number of women entering treatment for opiates surpassed the number of men entering treatment for opiates (33% versus 23%). This differs from the gender profile in 2008, as males and females entered treatment for opiates at the same rate during that year. - Arrests for opioid pills reported by LaPorte City Metro Operations increased 480%, from 5 arrests in 2008 to 29 arrests in 2012. Cocaine Indicators: Treatment and Law Enforcement Data While cocaine treatment admissions increased slightly, they remained lower than treatment admissions for most other drugs except methamphetamine. The low number of cocaine treatment admissions in LaPorte County coincides with national treatment trends indicating a reduction in cocaine treatment admissions overall. As more individuals initiate to heroin and opiate use, the number of individuals seeking treatment for cocaine should continue to decrease over the next few years. - In 2011, nearly half of all individuals admitted to treatment were age 30 or older. This suggests that cocaine users in LaPorte County are an aging cohort overall, and key informant interview data with treatment providers support this hypothesis. However, there is a bimodal distribution among those admitted to treatment for cocaine in LaPorte County. The two largest cohorts were those in their 20s (12 cases) and those in their 40s (13 cases) in 2011. - Treatment admissions among white individuals increased during this time period, while treatment admissions among African American individuals remained stable. Overall, whites were much more likely to enter treatment for cocaine than were African Americans (26% versus 10%). - Females were more likely than males to be admitted to treatment for cocaine in both 2008 and 2011. Females comprised 60% of the LaPorte cocaine treatment admissions in 2008 and 2011 and males comprised 40% of the cocaine treatment admissions during those years. - LaPorte City Metro Operations data showed a dramatic 55% reduction in arrests for cocaine, from 62 arrests in 2008 to 28 arrests in 2012. - Michigan City Metro Operations data also showed a 45% decline in the number of arrests for cocaine possession, from 20 arrests in 2008 to just 11 in 2012. Methamphetamines: Treatment and Law Enforcement Data Methamphetamines are a decreasing problem in LaPorte County. Several years ago, the county was asked to prepare for the possibility of methamphetamine production and use among residents, particularly because the county does include some rural communities and these are the areas hardest hit by methamphetamine use. Since that time, the methamphetamine problem has remained very small and seemingly very contained. As of 2011, there were just 4 treatment episodes related to methamphetamine. Law enforcement indicators remain stable. We expect that methamphetamine use, arrests and production labs should continue to remain stable or decline over the next few years. Drugs and Mortality in LaPorte County Interview and data retrieved from the coroners office indicates that in 2012, 35 individuals died from an accidental drug overdose. Of these deaths, 57% included death from heroin alone (5 cases) or in combination with another drug (15). About 43% of deaths due to drugs in the county were unrelated to heroin use. These data suggest that heroin related mortality is a large and growing problem in LaPorte County. Further, the number of individuals who died from drug-induced causes was significantly greater than those killed by alcohol-related car collisions or from alcohol period. Details: Chicago: Roosevelt University, 2013. 128p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2016 at: https://www.roosevelt.edu/CAS/CentersAndInstitutes/IMA/Publications.aspx Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.roosevelt.edu/CAS/CentersAndInstitutes/IMA/Publications.aspx Shelf Number: 147890 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Abuse TreatmentSubstance AbuseSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Alcohol Concern Title: Domestic Abuse and Change Resistant Drinkers: Preventing and Reducing the Harm Summary: The relationship between alcohol and violence is well researched, although less so in the more complex context of domestic abuse. Whilst there is evidence that alcohol use by perpetrators, and to a lesser extent by victims, increases the frequency of violence and the seriousness of the outcomes , this does not mean that alcohol use causes domestic abuse. It is neither an excuse nor an explanation. Both Alcohol Concern's Embrace Project and AVA's Stella Project have previously produced guidance on how to address domestic abuse and alcohol use. This guidance builds on the existing literature and uses the learning from reviewing domestic homicide review (DHR) reports to further our understanding of how to deal with cases of alcohol related domestic abuse, particularly more complex cases that involve change resistant drinkers. The aim of this guidance is to create a baseline of good practice for those supporting clients that have been understood to be change resistant drinkers and who are perpetrating or experiencing domestic violence. Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2016. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2016 at: http://www.domesticabuseservices.org.uk/professionals/news/news-file/Domestic%20abuse%20and%20change%20resistant%20drinkers%20-%20learning%20lessons%20from%20domestic%20homicide%20reviews.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.domesticabuseservices.org.uk/professionals/news/news-file/Domestic%20abuse%20and%20change%20resistant%20drinkers%20-%20learning%20lessons%20from%20domestic%20homicide%20reviews.pdf Shelf Number: 146115 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Treatment ProgramsAlcoholismDomestic Violence |
Author: ORIMA Research Title: Cashless Debit Card Trial Evaluation. Wave 1 Interim Evaluation Report Summary: With support from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C), and developed in close consultation with local community leaders, local and state government agencies and other Australian Government agencies, the Department of Social Services (DSS) is conducting a 12-month trial of a Cashless Debit Card for income support payments (ISPs) in two regional communities. The Cashless Debit Card Trial (CDCT) aims to reduce the levels of harm associated with alcohol consumption, illicit drug use and gambling by limiting Trial participants' access to cash and by preventing the purchase of alcohol or gambling products (other than lottery tickets). Between 50% and 80% of CDCT participants' ISPs are directed to a restricted bank account, accessed by the debit card, with the remainder of these payments accessible through a normal (unrestricted) bank account. Participation in the Trial is mandatory for all working age ISP recipients in the selected Trial sites. Wage earners, Age Pensioners and Veterans' Affairs Pensioners who live in the Trial sites can opt in to the CDCT . To support the implementation of the Trial, DSS worked with the South Australian and Western Australian state governments, community agencies and local Indigenous leadership to supplement the support services being provided in the Trial areas with significant further investment. The Trial commenced in Ceduna and Surrounds (South Australia, SA) on 15 March 2016; and in the East Kimberley (EK) region (Western Australia, WA) on 26 April 2016. Three evaluation reports are planned across the period of the Trial, with this being the second of these. It is based on data collected during the first six months of the Trial (up to 4 October 2016). This is the Wave 1 Interim Evaluation Report of the Cashless Debit Card Trial (CDCT) being conducted in Ceduna and Surrounds (South Australia; SA) and in the East Kimberley (EK) region (Western Australia, WA). This report consists of several layers of information and data, suited to different readers and purposes. As these layers build on top of each other, some content is repeated across multiple layers as relevant. Readers are suggested to utilise the layer(s) most suited to their needs, and to seek more detailed data from deeper layers as and when required. The layers are: 1. Executive Summary. A brief narrative summary of the CDCT and its objectives, and the key findings from the Wave 1 Interim Evaluation Report (Part I). 2. Overview of Performance against the KPIs. A summary of key survey results, qualitative observations and administrative data which specifically relate to the Evaluation Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the CDCT, including an overview table of KPIs (Part III). 3. Response to Evaluation Questions. A discussion of the broader Evaluation Questions, drawing together and considering evidence from all data sources as they relate to these questions (Part IV). 4. Conclusions. A succinct statement of the conclusions as at the Wave 1 Interim Evaluation (Part V). 5. Quantitative Survey Results. The detailed survey results in chart and table form, with minimal commentary. These results are presented in two sections – those relating to KPIs (Appendix A) and those relating to other facets of the CDCT (Appendix B). 6. Qualitative Research Summary Reports. Detailed descriptive results from the qualitative research with stakeholders and community leaders in each of the Trial sites (Appendix C). Information on the evaluation methodology can be seen in Part II, and in Appendix D: Organisations Interviewed and Contacted in Qualitative Research. Details: Canberra: Australian Department of Social Services, 2017. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2017 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/cdc-wave1-interim-evaluation-report.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/cdc-wave1-interim-evaluation-report.pdf Shelf Number: 144679 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol and CrimeCashless Debit CardsCrime PreventionGamblingGambling and CrimeIllegal Drug Use |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere? Addressing physical availability of alcohol in Australia and the UK Summary: Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) have observed an enormous increase in the availability of alcohol since the 1980s. There has been huge growth in the number and types of places at which alcohol can be purchased, and in the times of the day and week transactions can take place. Over this period, there has also been a substantial increase in alcohol purchases for consumption off-premises, a shift partly driven by the increasing cost ratio of on- versus off-premise drinks. The on-premises trade has responded by shifting business models. Some adjustments, such as increased food offerings, are likely to place downward pressure on rates of harm. However, the greater competition can also push up rates of harm, as marginal operators compete with bulk and cheap promotions. The net result seems to have been relatively stable per capita consumption, but an increased awareness of harms associated with drinking. The political response to increasing public concern has focused predominantly on late-night violence and the broad notion of community amenity. Cracking down on drink driving was an earlier manifestation of this kind of response to visible problems involving a large number of ambulance attendances and emergency department presentations. Pressure on the political system has produced a variety of policies targeting the temporal availability of alcohol. The high profile of alcohol-related street violence in Australia in particular, has driven restrictions on the sale of particular products or in certain forms late at night. Both Australia and the UK have initiatives attempting to address the cumulative impact of licensed businesses to maintain community amenity. The UK has also produced schemes such as 'reducing the strength' to encourage voluntary restrictions on particular products. Political will for meaningful reform has regularly been limited by the enormous power and sophisticated lobby of the alcohol and hospitality industries. Much of the policy debate in Australia has surrounded the late night trade of alcohol. With debate focusing on events at 4am, it has remained peripheral to the great majority of Australians who are in bed at that time. Similarly, progress on cumulative and community impact has been largely ineffective. Policies have focused on whether and where further licences will be issued rather than reducing the number of licences, which has not been an issue which governments have been willing to consider. The breadth of harm associated with alcohol demands targeted measures and consideration of alcohol policy across a variety of domains. The multifaceted nature of domestic violence and chronic disease, for example, mean policies addressing alcohol's role in these issues are both challenging to develop and sometimes overlooked. A recurrent surprise has been that a relatively strong measure aimed at visible problems on the street - for instance, drink driving - unexpectedly has an effect in reducing rates of domestic violence. Details: London and Canberra: Institute of Alcohol Studies and the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2017. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2017 at: www.ias.org.uk/ Year: 2017 Country: International URL: www.ias.org.uk/ Shelf Number: 145902 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law Enforcement Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNight-Time Economy |
Author: Miller, Peter Title: Dealing with alcohol-related harm and the night-time economy (DANTE): final report Summary: The 'Dealing with alcohol-related harm and the night-time economy (DANTE)' study compared the effectiveness of alcohol-related crime prevention measures put in place between 2005 and 2010 through licensing regulation in Newcastle (NSW) and the voluntary programs run in Geelong (Victoria). The study reviewed hospital, police and ambulance records to evaluate the rates of alcohol-related harm. 4000 patron interviews and 129 unannounced venue observations were undertaken and community attitudes towards alcohol-related harm and the available policy options were also canvassed. Across this very large range of data, the key findings were that a substantial amount of harm was associated with pre-drinking and that measures that dealt directly with alcohol consumption employed in Newcastle, such as restricted trading hours, were the most effective in reducing alcohol-related crime. The study found such measures need to be implemented across all venues, rather than just a specific venues to ensure a level-playing field for business and act as a vehicle for culture change amongst patrons. A range of interventions analysed in the study were found ineffective, including: the introduction of ID scanners, improved communication between venues and police and education campaigns (which were voluntary in Geelong). Strong, consistent policing using substantial personal fines was also found effective, but requires policing levels which are seldom sustained. Illicit drug use is fairly low, but does predict greater experience of violence and harm. The community surveys revealed that most people believed alcohol was a problem in their entertainment precincts and that nine out of ten people believed licenced venues should shut by 3am. There was similar support for more police on the street. The study concluded that while night-time economies, such as nightclubs and bars, are an important part of our urban and regional centres they are also places where violence and injury occur at great cost to the community. Using policies based on the evidence of this and other independent research can help create safe and vibrant night-time entertainment districts. Details: Sydney: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2012. 214p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph: Series No. 43: Accessed October 20, 2017 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph43.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph43.pdf Shelf Number: 137616 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderNight-time Economy |
Author: Foundation for Alcohol Research Education Title: Policy options paper: Preventing alcohol-related family and domestic violence Summary: Family and domestic violence (FDV) often occurs in the home, where one should feel safest, perpetrated by a loved one, with whom one should feel safest. It is sometimes a one off event but is often a pattern of behaviour characterised by one person exerting power and control over another in the context of an intimate partnership or within a family situation. FDV may persist for years and sometimes involves multiple forms of abuse. In Australia at least one woman dies each week at the hands of her partner or ex-partner2 and a significant number of children die as a result of abuse and neglect, although exact figures are not known.3 FDV can happen to anyone regardless of gender, sexuality, class, culture or family type. Some communities are more likely to experience FDV and may find it difficult to access mainstream support that meets their needs. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women; culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people and families; women with a disability; and older and young women, all face significant barriers to identifying FDV, seeking help and accessing culturally appropriate support. The impacts of FDV include complex trauma, physical injuries, poor mental health and the development of behaviours that are harmful to health such as alcohol misuse.4 These impacts are cumulative, with the frequency and severity of abuse being associated with greater physical and mental health impacts on the victim.5 The impacts of trauma may also persist long after the abuse has stopped.6 The effects of violence and abuse also go beyond those directly involved. Witnesses are often traumatised. In many cases it is children who witness these events. This sometimes results in children themselves growing up to use violence. They are also more likely to experience domestic violence themselves. These children can also grow up to experience alcohol and other drug issues in their lives.7 FDV impacts on children whether or not they witness it. It is more difficult to estimate the impacts of FDV on other family members and communities, but again there is significant evidence to suggest that FDV has widespread immediate and intergenerational consequences. FDV, and particularly violence between intimate partners, is not a gender neutral issue. Domestic violence is overwhelmingly perpetrated by men against women.8 This is due to the unequal power dynamics between women and men, the gendered distribution of resources, and an "adherence to rigidly defined gender roles expressed institutionally, culturally, organisationally and individually."9 Child maltreatment is also more likely to be perpetrated by males than females.10 The interplay between alcohol and FDV is complex. Alcohol is a contributing factor to FDV, increasing both the likelihood of violence occurring and the severity of harms.11 Alcohol misuse can cause or exacerbate relationship stressors thereby increasing the probability of violence. Alcohol use can be both a consequence to and precursor of relationship stress and violence. Alcohol use also affects cognitive functioning and physical functioning, 12 affecting the likelihood of perpetration, and making those who are impacted by FDV more vulnerable. Some perpetrators of violence may try to blame the misuse of alcohol and/or drugs or use intoxication as an excuse. This is not the case. Alcohol use and intoxication are never an excuse for violence. Victims may use alcohol as a coping mechanism for dealing with trauma and pain. There are also intergenerational impacts, with children who witness domestic violence being more likely to have problems with alcohol later in life.13 Alcohol is involved in a significant proportion of reported domestic violence and child protection incidents. In 2010-11 there were 29,684 reported incidents of alcohol-related domestic violence to police across four Australian states; Victoria, New South Wales (NSW), Western Australia (WA) and the Northern Territory (NT).14 Due to challenges with data collection across all jurisdictions, as well as under-reporting of these crimes, these figures are likely to be significant underestimates. This equates to approximately half of domestic assaults reported to police involving alcohol. In addition, a carer's alcohol use is a factor for 10,166 children in the child protection system.15 Australia is committed to addressing FDV by being a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Declaration to End Violence Against Women and the Beijing Declaration. 16 The association between alcohol and FDV has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO), which has identified action on alcohol misuse as one of several strategies to reduce violence against women and children. 17 , 18 There is also recognition of the association between alcohol and FDV by Australian Governments. National, as well as some state and territory, strategies and frameworks have acknowledged the role of alcohol in FDV and have recognised the need to address alcohol as part of an overall strategy to reduce FDV. However, to date, there has been a lack of coordinated action to bring these strategies together to produce effective policies and programs. This Policy Options Paper draws on the following principles based on the literature of what is known about alcohol-related FDV in Australia and internationally. These principles are: x The consumption of alcohol is never an excuse for violence. x Policies that address gender inequalities and alcohol misuse are critical to reducing FDV. x The WHO socio-ecological model acknowledges that no single factor explains why people engage in violence, instead there are multiple factors, at the individual, relationship, community and societal levels. Responses to FDV need to be targeted at all levels. x No single response is likely to reduce alcohol-related FDV. Australia needs a comprehensive and coordinated approach to address alcohol-related FDV, as part of an overall strategy to reduce violence against women and children. x A public health approach is needed to reduce alcohol-related FDV, with a focus on prevention across the spectrum, including primordial prevention, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Details: Deakin, ACT: FARE, 2015. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 3, 2018 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/FARE-Policy-Options-Paper-Preventing-alcohol-related-FDV.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/FARE-Policy-Options-Paper-Preventing-alcohol-related-FDV.pdf Shelf Number: 149661 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolencePublic Health ApproachViolence Prevention |
Author: Patterson, Eileen Title: Drug use monitoring in Australia: 2015 and 2016 report on drug use among police detainees Summary: Established in 1999, the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program is funded by the Australian Government and is the nation's largest and longest-running ongoing survey of police detainees across the country. DUMA currently operates at five data collection sites and comprises two core components: a self-report survey including a range of criminal justice, demographic, drug use and drug market participation information; and voluntary urinalysis, which provides an objective measure for corroborating reported recent drug use (within 48 hours of arrest). This biennial report is part of the Australian Institute of Criminology's (AIC) Statistical Report series and aims to describe the DUMA data collected between January 2015 and December 2016 (herein referred to as 2015-16) at five sites: Adelaide (South Australia), Brisbane (Queensland), Perth (Western Australia) and Sydney (Bankstown and Surry Hills, New South Wales). Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2018. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Statistical Report 04: Accessed April 24, 2018 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/sr/sr4 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/sr/sr4 Shelf Number: 149873 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and Addiction Drug Abuse and Crime Drug Offenders Illicit DrugsSubstance Abuse |
Author: Hughes, Karen Title: Taking Measures: A Situational Analysis of Alcohol in the North West Summary: Alcohol has an important place in our society. Millions of people throughout the UK enjoy drinking alcohol to socialise and relax, the alcohol industry creates thousands of jobs, and pubs, clubs and restaurants have helped contribute to the regeneration of many town and city centres. At the same time, however, alcohol is placing a huge burden on health, criminal justice, and social and economic development. The acute effects of risky drinking, including accidents, violence, overdose and risky sexual behaviour, have devastating consequences for individuals and place an increasing strain on public services. At a wider level, alcohol-related diseases, mortality and crime are contributing to inequalities, reducing life expectancy, disrupting local communities and hampering efforts for economic growth. In response to increasing levels of alcohol-related harm, the government published the Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England in March 2004. This provided both local and regional agencies with greater guidance and support in addressing alcohol issues. The key aim of the Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England is to prevent any further increase in alcohol-related harm in England. However, the burden of alcohol-related harm that falls on the North West is disproportionately high. We have among the highest levels of alcohol consumption in the country and, correspondingly, among the highest rates of alcohol-related mortality (Chapter 2). Even within the North West, the distribution of alcohol-related harm varies widely between areas and population groups (Chapter 2, Appendix 2). Therefore, tackling alcohol in the North West requires a regional strategy that aims to reduce alcoholrelated harm as a whole and particularly in areas and amongst population groups that suffer most from the negative effects of alcohol use. Implementing effective interventions where they are needed most requires an understanding of the harms associated with alcohol use, and also identification of communities and geographies most affected and those interventions that are most effective at reducing the negative consequences of alcohol. This report has been prepared to assist regional and local agencies in addressing alcohol issues effectively. It provides local level data on alcohol consumption and related harms, outlines the evidence base for implementing effective alcohol interventions, and identifies how alcohol fits into existing regional and local policy. We hope that with this information, agencies at all levels in the North West are better prepared to develop and implement effective strategies to reduce the negative impacts of alcohol use across the region. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. 159p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 27, 2018 at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228708116_Taking_measures Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228708116_Taking_measures Shelf Number: 149931 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderPublic Health |
Author: Quilter, Julia Title: The significance of 'intoxication' in Australian criminal law Summary: Recent years have seen intense media scrutiny, concerted policy discussion and significant law reform on the relationship between the consumption of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) and the commission of criminal offences. These debates invite consideration of two related questions with which this paper is concerned. First, in what sorts of contexts and for what purposes. does the criminal law (including laws governing police powers) attach significance to a person's intoxication? Second, in the context of the criminal justice system, what does it mean to say that a person is 'intoxicated', and how is that term defined? These two questions became the foundation of a Criminology Research Grant-funded study. This paper summarises the main findings of the study. It: (i) maps and assesses the multiple purposes for which Australian criminal laws attach significance to 'intoxication'; (ii) analyses how 'intoxication' is defined for criminal law purposes; and (iii) investigates the relationship between the purpose for which significance is attached to intoxication and how intoxication is defined. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2018. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 546: Accessed May 14, 2018 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi546 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi546 Shelf Number: 150174 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug AbuseDrunkenness |
Author: Sullivan, Tom Title: Is alcohol and energy drink consumption associated with antisocial behaviour? Summary: The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has become popular in Australia, particularly among young people. AmED research suggests there are associations between AmED consumption and harmful behaviours, including criminal offences. This study investigated the behaviours of a group of AmED consumers known to engage in high-risk activities-police detainees. It found most detainees had recently consumed energy drinks, but consumption of AmED was less common than in community samples. The study also compared the behaviours of AmED consumers with alcohol consumers, and analysed how AmED consumers behaved in AmED sessions versus alcohol sessions. It found AmED consumers reported drinking more alcohol in a usual alcohol session than in a usual AmED session. AmED consumers were also significantly less likely to report being assaulted or committing a traffic offence in an AmED session, compared with an alcohol only session. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2019. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice, No. 573: Accessed March 14, 2019 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi573 Year: 2019 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi573 Shelf Number: 154963 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAntisocial BehaviorDrug AbusePolice Detainees |
Author: Fisher, Cate Title: Evaluation of the Jobcentre Plus Intensive Activity trial for substance misusing customers Summary: This report presents the findings of an evaluation of a small-scale Jobcentre Plus trial that was aimed at customers with drug and alcohol addiction. The Intensive Activity trial took place in 3 Jobcentres between May and July 2010. It offered an enhanced service to claimants with dependency issues, including the regular presence of a treatment provider in the Jobcentres. The trial was designed to help improve the service delivered to substance misusing customers, to further develop partnership working between treatment providers and Jobcentres and to increase the level of voluntarily referrals made by Jobcentre Plus to a treatment provider. The evaluation, carried out by social researchers at the Department for Work and Pensions, involved qualitative research with key stakeholders and the monitoring of management information. Details: London: Department for Work and Pensions, 2011. 82p. Source: Internet Resource; In-House Research No. 2: Accessed March 20, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/214356/ihr2.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/214356/ihr2.pdf Shelf Number: 155057 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and Addiction Drug Offenders Employment Programs Substance Abuse and Misuse |
Author: Mission Australia Title: Alternate approaches to reducing illicit drug use and its effects on the community 2018 Summary: Our submission to the Inquiry into alternative approaches to reducing illicit drug use and its effects on the community highlighted a range of services that are effective in supporting people with alcohol and drug issues in WA. We also highlighted Mission Australia service examples from other states and territories. The submission made a series of recommendations including providing additional support and funding for youth specific services and supports targeted to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Details: Aydney: Author, 2019. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 13, 2019 at: https://www.missionaustralia.com.au/publications/submissions-and-reports/alcohol-and-other-drugs Year: 2019 Country: Australia URL: https://www.missionaustralia.com.au/publications/submissions-and-reports/alcohol-and-other-drugs Shelf Number: 155751 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug Abuse and Addiction Drug Abuse Treatment Illicit Drugs Substance Abuse Treatment |