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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:27 pm
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Results for alcohol law enforcement
52 results foundAuthor: Ramirez, Rebecca Title: A Campaign to Reduce Impaired Driving Through Retail-Oriented Enforcement in Washington State Summary: The Washington State Liquor Control Board (WSLCB) launched its DUI Reduction Program in 2002 with the immediate goal of reducing sales to intoxicated people through enforcement directed at bars and restaurants. The program targets those establishments that produce high levels of DUI arrests. The ultimate and long-term program goal is to reduce DUI arrests and alcohol-related traffic crashes. The DUI Reduction Program showed great promise, with anecdotal reports suggesting that it reduced sales to intoxicated people at the targeted retail establishments. To assess the impact of the program, WSLCB joined with the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation to conduct the Washington Enforcement and DUI Reduction demonstration project with funding from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The demonstration project was designed to assess the feasibility of implementing the DUI reduction program in a more standardized manner and of assessing the effects of the program on three outcome measures: retailer willingness to sell alcohol to apparently intoxicated people, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels of drivers arrested for DUI, and DUI arrestees naming establishments exposed to the program as their place of last drink. The results of this demonstration project are mixed. The evaluation detected no change in retail practices; however, it did produce two promising findings: reductions in the average number of monthly DUI arrests in intervention sites and reductions in average BAC levels among DUI arrestees. Several factors limit the potency of findings: small sample size, variation in the protocol for the delivery of education material, retailers’ level of exposure to responsible beverage server training, possible erosion of effects, and the level of enforcement activity in comparison sites. The evaluation suggests that a stronger intervention involving enforcement of sales to intoxicated persons laws and related educational outreach may produce all desired results but that further evaluations will be needed. This report concludes with suggestions for how future tests of similar interventions could be improved. Details: Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2008. 16p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117339 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the Influence (DUI)Drunk Driving |
Author: Syner, Joey Title: Strategic Evaluation States Initiative - Case STudies of Alaska, Georgia, and West Virginia Summary: In 2002, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration undertook a new approach that focused strategically on reducing alcohol-related crashes, injuries, and deaths in States with especially high numbers or rates of alcohol-related fatalities. The agency identified 13 States to participate in the Strategic Evaluation States (SES) initiative: Alaska, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and West Virginia. In 2005, NHTSA invited Missouri and South Carolina to join the program bringing the total number of States participating to 15. These 15 States accounted for more than half of the alcohol-related fatalities in the United States. Four common threads surfaced in the SES with successful sustained impaired driving enforcement programs: 1. High-visibility, multi-agency enforcement operations on a monthly basis and year round with a focus on areas that accounted for 65 percent of the alcohol fatality problem, 2. Charismatic leadership that secured commitments from law enforcement agencies and provided clear guidance on the direction of the DWI enforcement program, 3. Law enforcement training, and 4. Targeted messaging through earned and paid media along with outreach efforts. This document provides a summary of the impaired driving enforcement and communication activities of three States (Alaska, Georgia, and West Virginia) that participated in the SES program between 2002 and 2005. The case studies illustrate how each State adopted the sustained DWI enforcement strategy and tailored its approach to respond to the needs, resources, and political environment of its law enforcement agencies. These case studies do not represent a formal, scientific evaluation of the overall SES initiative nor should the approaches be viewed as “one size fits all.” NHTSA hopes the case studies will be useful as an implementation guide for planning and conducting effective, highly visible impaired driving DWI enforcement efforts using a variety of approaches. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2008. 41p. Source: Internet Resource; Accessed August 2010 at http://www.nhtsa.gov Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://www.nhtsa.gov Shelf Number: 117640 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Zwicker, T.J. Title: West Virginia's Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign, 2003-2005 Summary: In 2002, West Virginia became a Strategic Evaluation State for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement campaign. The State implemented NHTSA’s model publicity and enforcement program in targeted counties to reduce impaired driving and alcohol-related fatalities. The State spent nearly $3.4 million on the campaign from 2003 through 2005, or an average of about 62 cents per resident each year. The campaign began during the July 4th holiday period in 2003 and was sustained for the next 27 months, running through September 2005. Statewide DMV surveys in targeted counties indicated that drivers reported significantly more often after the campaign that they had heard about impaired driving in West Virginia and had been through a sobriety checkpoint. Roadside surveys of driver blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) indicated a significant decrease in the proportion of drivers with a positive BAC at the end of the campaign compared to the same period the previous year. In addition, autoregressive integrated moving average analysis performed on the alcohol-related fatality trend for the targeted counties indicated a significant decrease by an estimated 1 fewer fatality each month. The total fatalities saved in the targeted counties totaled about 18 in the year and a half of data available following the July 2003 start of the campaign. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2007. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2010 at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/WVAImpairedDrivingLow.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/WVAImpairedDrivingLow.pdf Shelf Number: 119636 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingImpaired Driving CountermeasuresMedia CampaignsPublicity CampaignsSobriety Checkpoints |
Author: Robertson, Robyn D. Title: The Implementation of Alcohol Interlocks for Offenders: A Roadmap Summary: Alcohol ignition interlocks are a proven tool to effectively monitor impaired driving offenders and reduce recidivism. Today, almost all U.S. jurisdictions have implemented an alcohol interlock law targeting repeat and even high-BAC offenders. More recently, at least 12 jurisdictions have moved to also include some or all first offenders in alcohol interlock legislation and several others are considering such laws. The Roadmap was designed to help administrators and staff plan, develop and implement improvements to alcohol interlock strategies to ensure that the goals and objectives of legislation are achieved. It contains practical steps to guide the implementation of alcohol interlock devices as part of a strategy targeting either repeat, high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or first offenders. Critical steps in the process ranging from the drafting of legislation and the development of an implementation, to the organization of staff education and public awareness through to the creation of an evaluation plan for the strategy are discussed. Important considerations and caveats that impact decision-making at each stage of the process are also highlighted. The Roadmap was created with input from seasoned professionals who have played a leadership role in these initiatives or who have been intimately involved in interlock delivery. Input was sought from representatives of driver licensing, criminal justice, and hybrid (licensing and justice combined) interlock initiatives to achieve a balanced and inclusive perspective on effective strategies to apply these tools to supervise drunk drivers. Details: Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 2010. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2010 at: http://www.tirf.ca/publications/publications_show.php?pub_id=254 Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.tirf.ca/publications/publications_show.php?pub_id=254 Shelf Number: 120192 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Hughes, Karen Title: Reducing Harm in Drinking Environment: Evidence and Practice in Europe Summary: Preventing alcohol-related harm in drinking environments is critical in meeting the key priorities of the European Union’s Alcohol Strategy (see Box). Much risky alcohol consumption and related-harm, particularly in young people, occurs in and around drinking venues, including pubs, bars and nightclubs. In addition to damage to individual health and communities, alcohol-related harm places large burdens on business and public services, for example through absenteeism, medical treatment, criminal justice sanctions and street cleaning after a night’s entertainment. Drinking environments are also workplaces for millions of individuals across Europe, who can be the victims of other people’s drinking through, for example, violence. Thus drinking environments are critical locations for addressing harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption and the harm it causes to society. However, to date there has been very little information available across Europe on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce harm in these settings. To address this gap in knowledge, the FASE (Focus on Alcohol Safe Environments) project was co-funded by the European Commission to develop a better understanding of measures that can be effective in reducing alcohol-related harm in drinking environments. The project has focused on interventions that can be implemented at local level, and has involved a systematic literature review to identify studies that have measured the effectiveness of interventions to reduce harm in drinking environment, and the collation of examples of practice in Europe. It focused on five key areas: Responsible server/staff training interventions; Interventions to reduce underage access to alcohol; Policing and enforcement approaches; Interventions delivered in drinking establishments' and Multi-component community interventions. This report combines the findings from both sections of the FASE project. For each intervention type, it summarises the findings of the literature review and provides examples of practice in Europe. It then provides recommendations for the development of policy to reduce harm in European drinking environments. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 9, 2010 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=692 Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=692 Shelf Number: 119131 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Loudenburg, Roland Title: South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program Evaluation Findings Report Summary: The South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program was developed in direct response to the overwhelming need to address repeat impaired driving offenses in South Dakota. The 24/7 Sobriety Program addresses the problem in a nontraditional manner. An external evaluation firm was engaged to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. This report is the first to evaluate the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program's effect on DUI recidivism. This report evaluates the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program’s overall effectiveness in reducing DUI recidivism among PBTx2 participants through data review and statistical analysis. The report is prepared in conjunction with the South Dakota Attorney General's Office and the South Dakota Department of Public Safety. This report utilizes participant data maintained on the Attorney General’s Office 24/7 Sobriety Program web based database (24/7 Database) and offender data maintained by the Unified Judicial System (UJS). Initial sections of the report provide a general description of the 24/7 Sobriety Program, participants, and a summary of test results for twice a day PBT testing (PBTx2). Later sections of the report focus on recidivism analysis of DUI offenders participating in PBTx2. In those later sections, DUI recidivism rates for program participants are compared to nonparticipants using three approaches. Details: Salem, SD: Mountain Plains Evaluation, LLC, 2010. 36p. Source: Internet Resoruce: Accessed March 17, 2011 at: http://atg.sd.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=yDN959bSoXE%3D&tabid=442 Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://atg.sd.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=yDN959bSoXE%3D&tabid=442 Shelf Number: 121055 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholismDriving Under the Influence (South Dakota)Drunk DrivingRecidivism |
Author: Jones, Lisa Title: Reducing Harm in Drinking Environments: A Systematic Review of Effective Approaches Summary: Techniques used to reduce harm in drinking environments range from rigorous police enforcement of licensing and other legislation to co-operative approaches that seek to train staff in licensed premises and engage nightlife industries in socially responsible operating. With authorities often stretched to manage intoxication and related problems in busy drinking environments, understanding which interventions can have most effects on reducing alcohol-related harm is critical. This report provides the findings from a systematic literature review that aimed to explore the effects of interventions implemented in drinking environments on a range of harms, including alcohol consumption, under-age alcohol sales, violence and road traffic crashes. The review was based on a literature search of 10 databases including Medline, PsycINFO, ASSIA and other sources. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion against the following criteria: published since 1990, and examined an intervention with the aim of reducing harm associated with alcohol consumption, which was delivered in a drinking environment and targeted individuals, licensed alcohol serving outlets, or the sale and supply of alcohol via the off trade. Intervention studies of any design were eligible for inclusion. The literature search identified 47 studies that examined interventions designed to reduce harm in drinking environments. Seven studies examined the effectiveness of training programmes for servers and managers, five examined specific interventions delivered in pubs and bars, eight examined the enforcement of laws related to alcohol consumption, seven examined interventions aimed at reducing underage sales and 20 examined multi-component community-based programmes. Nine of the included studies were conducted in European countries including five in Sweden and four in the UK. The remaining studies were conducted in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable according to the study design used, and in general the methodological quality of the included studies was weak. The clearest indication of effectiveness resulted from multi-component programmes. In particular, across three well-designed and implemented programmes, which combined community mobilisation, RBS training, house policies and stricter enforcement of licensing laws, there was evidence that these programmes were effective in reducing assaults, traffic crashes, and underage sales. In particular, the Swedish STAD project, a multi-agency partnership between the police, licensing authorities, health services, the council and representatives of licensed premises, demonstrated success was based on a rigorous evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness of other intervention approaches was limited. Studies of server and bar management training programmes highlighted an overall low frequency of intervention and their effects on patrons’ alcohol consumption appeared to be minimal, except where training was mandated. A training and risk management programme had a modest effect on aggression. Patron targeted interventions, which included brief intervention and promotion of responsible drinking, had a limited impact on patron behaviours. Police campaigns and other approaches to the enforcement of alcohol sales laws were shown to be largely ineffective or short lived. The effectiveness of police intervention or increased enforcement of licensing laws in reducing alcohol-related incidents was not clear, but overall, targeted police intervention in high-risk premises appeared to be a more effective strategy than ‘low level’ policing. There is growing evidence that effective delivery of multi-component programmes in drinking environments can reduce alcohol-related harm, however, further research is required to assess the transferability of evidence about multi-component programmes in drinking environments to other settings. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 28, 2011 at: http://www.stap.nl/content/bestanden/literature-study-drinking-environments_1.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.stap.nl/content/bestanden/literature-study-drinking-environments_1.pdf Shelf Number: 121140 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Wolfson, Mark Title: National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Randomized Community Trial Summary: This is the final report of the National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program Randomized Community Trial, covering the entire project period (2003-2009). The report describes the goals and objectives of the study, outlines the design and methods used in the evaluation, and summarizes the results. In addition, it provides a discussion of challenges and accomplishments of the study, as well as recommendations for future research and practice. The report is divided into eight major sections. Section 1: Executive Summary Section 2: Overview and Methods Section 3: Grant Requirements Section 4: Impact Evaluation Results Section 5: Process Evaluation Results Section 6: Sustainability Section 7: Late Breaking Crash Analyses Section 8: Conclusions and Recommendations Section 9: Appendices Details: Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, 2011. 196p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/236176.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/236176.pdf Shelf Number: 123320 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingUnderage Drinking (U.S.) |
Author: Palk, Gavan Rogert Mark Title: Parliamentary Inquiry into Alcohol-Related Violence Summary: Alcohol consumption has been a popular leisure activity among Australian since European Settlement. Australians currently consume 7.2 litres per capita pure alcohol and Australia in regards to alcohol consumption is ranked as the 22nd highest country of 58 countries. Although the alcohol industry has provided leisure, employment and government taxes, alcohol use has also become associated with chronic health problems, crime, public disorder and violence. Drunken and disorderly behaviour is commonly associated with Pubs, Clubs and Hotels, particularly in the late night entertainment areas. Historically, drunkenness and disorderly behaviour has been managed by measures such as floggings, jail and treatment in asylums. Alcohol has also been banned in specific areas and restrictions have applied to hours and days of operation. In more recent times alcohol policies have included extended trading hours, restricted trading hours and bans in some Aboriginal communities in order to reduce alcohol-related violence. Community and business partnerships in and around licensed premises have also developed in order to address the noise, violence and disorderly behaviour that often occurs in the evenings and early mornings. There is an urgent need for the government to be more robust about implementing effective alcohol control policies in order to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of alcohol. Details: Brisbane: Law, Justice and Safety Committee, Queensland Parliament, 2009. 160p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/41651/ Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/41651/ Shelf Number: 123350 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Hadfield, Phil Title: Lost Orders?: Law Enforcement and Alcohol in England and Wales Summary: Alcohol misuse is generally recognised as being a significant problem in the UK and is associated with various types of social and health harms. Laws are in place to discourage alcohol misuse and thus minimise these harms. These include, for example, laws designed to prevent drunkenness and drinking by under-18s. The laws in question may apply to the drinker or to those that supply the alcohol. In respect of one form of alcohol misuse, drink-driving, effective law enforcement combined with sustained educational campaigning is believed to have been responsible for a positive transformation in attitudes and behaviour during the late 20th century. This suggests that effective enforcement of relevant laws may be a necessary requirement if UK society is to achieve positive attitudes and behaviour concerning alcohol consumption more generally. The question is whether those laws, particularly in relation to drunkenness and drinking among under-18s, are being enforced effectively and, if not, how this might be achieved. This research examines whether the laws in the UK relating to the sale and consumption of alcohol are 'fit for purpose' and are being effectively enforced. If not, what is preventing their effective enforcement? Details: London: Portman Group, 2011. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: http://www.portmangroup.org.uk/assets/documents/Law%20Enforcement%20and%20Alcohol%20in%20England%20and%20Wales,%20Measham%20and%20Hadfield%202011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.portmangroup.org.uk/assets/documents/Law%20Enforcement%20and%20Alcohol%20in%20England%20and%20Wales,%20Measham%20and%20Hadfield%202011.pdf Shelf Number: 123358 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.)Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunkenness |
Author: Costello, D. Title: Drink or Drunk: Why Do Staff at Licensed Premises Continut to Serve Patrons to Intoxication Despirte Current Laws and Interventions? Final Report Summary: Addressing drinking behaviours, intoxication and the resultant behaviours from intoxication in Australia is influenced by several issues—the social acceptability of intoxication, the acceptance of licensed venues as places where intoxication happens and a general belief that violence and aggression at licensed venues is inevitable. Over the past 20 years, Australia has made significant moves to address issues of alcohol-related harm and violence through server regulations such as RSA training, State and Territory liquor controls, security legislation and through localised liquor management plans and accords. Despite such interventions and media attention around the risks associated with unsafe drinking habits, intoxicated people continue to be able to easily access alcohol and be served in licensed venues. The aim of the current study was to gain an understanding of why staff at licensed premises continue to serve patrons to intoxication and the factors that increase this, despite current laws and interventions. Motivating factors for continuing alcohol service and the different perspectives of both bar staff and venue owners and managers are investigated in this project. Details: Canberra: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2011. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Monography Series No. 38: Accessed January 17, 2012 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/pub/Monograph_38.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/pub/Monograph_38.pdf Shelf Number: 123646 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Australia)Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, AggressionDrunk and DisorderlyIntoxication |
Author: Carragher, Natacha Title: What are the Options? Pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in Australia Summary: Increasing community and political concern about excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in Australia has prompted calls for the introduction of tighter regulatory controls. From an evidence-based, research perspective, measures which increase alcohol prices and taxes, in particular, are considered most effective for reducing alcohol consumption and related harms. Accordingly, this report presents a review of pricing and taxation policy levers that have been considered and/or implemented nationally and internationally. These policies include: alcohol taxation and differential price by beverage; special/additional taxation on alcopops; minimum pricing; and bans on price discounts and promotions. Industry response to these policy initiatives is discussed, in addition to the role of public opinion in policy-making, and the issue of substitution and complementarity with other drugs. This review is designed to inform policymakers of useful taxation and pricing policy levers to redress alcohol-related harm in the Australian community. We conclude that each policy holds some promise, and it appears that they would be more successful when used in combination than as individual uncoordinated strategies. Details: Sydney, Australia: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Attorney General's Department, 2011. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 11, 2012 at http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/R59a.pdf/$file/R59a.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/R59a.pdf/$file/R59a.pdf Shelf Number: 124089 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Australia)Alcohol Law EnforcementIntoxicationTaxation |
Author: Markowitz, Sara Title: Estimating the Relationship Between Alcohol Policies and Criminal Violence and Victimization Summary: Violence is one of the leading social problems in the United States. The development of appropriate public policies to curtail violence is confounded by the relationship between alcohol and violence. In this paper, we estimate the propensity of alcohol control policies to reduce the perpetration and victimization of criminal violence. We measure violence with data on individual level victimizations from the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey. We examine the effects of a number of different alcohol control policies in reducing violent crime. These policies include the retail price of beer, drunk driving laws and penalties, keg laws, and serving and selling laws. We find some evidence of a negative relationship between alcohol prices and the probability of alcohol or drug related assault victimizations. However, we find no strong evidence that other alcohol policies are effective in reducing violent crimes. These results provide policy makers with guidance on potential approaches for reducing violence through alcohol beverage control. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. 39p. Source: NBER Working Paper Series 17918: Internet Resource: Accessed March 24, 2012 at http://www.nber.org/papers/w17918.pdf?new_window=1 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17918.pdf?new_window=1 Shelf Number: 124730 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementVictimizationViolent Crime |
Author: DeMichele, Matthew Title: Predicting Repeat DWI: Chronic Offending, Risk Assessment, and Community Supervision Summary: Between 1981 and 2008, nearly 550,000 individuals were killed in alcohol-related traffic accidents. To put this in perspective, the state of Wyoming has approximately 540,000 residents. Several major U.S. cities, such as Tuscon, Az., Atlanta, Ga; Kansas City, Mo., and Long Beach, Calif., are home to fewer residents. While such a high number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities is staggering, there is reason to believe the policy changes emphasizing different practices to control drunk driving have, in fact, reduced the number of drunk driving deaths. Consider that between 1982 and 1988, 171,681 alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred. In comparison, between 2002 and 2008, 113,403 alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred – a reduction of 33.9 percent. In comparing year by year reductions, the number of drunk driving fatalities decreased by nearly 50 percent when comparing the number of fatalities in 1982 (26,173) to the number of fatalities in 2008 (13,846). The reduction in the number of alcohol-related traffic deaths can be attributed to a number of different factors, most of which center around changes in policies and practices related to the legislative control of drunk driving. In particular, increases in the minimum drinking age, lowered illegal thresholds for blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), increased use of monetary sanctions such as fines, increased use of incarceration for drunk drivers, more focused use of substance abuse treatment, expanded use of electronic monitoring, and stricter community-based supervision practices carried out by probation and parole officers have played a role in reducing the number of drunk driving deaths. Despite the reduction in the number of drunk driving deaths, additional changes in policies and practices are needed in order to further reduce the extent of drunk driving. Using principles of evidence-based practices, in this project the American Probation and Parole Association conducted a risk assessment study to develop a pilot risk assessment instrument that can be used to identify convicted offenders who are at an increased risk for future drunk driving. This process entailed reviewing prior research on drunk driving, addressing the way that criminological theory explains drunk driving, developing a methodology to study drunk driving, conducting a study on a sample of 3,884 convicted drunk drivers, statistically analyzing factors that seemed to predict levels of repeat drunk driving, and developing a pilot instrument from these findings. Six assumptions have guided this process: Risk for drunk driving can be predicted. Efforts to predict risk should be guided by research and evidence-based practices. Policies and practices developed from risk assessment research will further reduce the extent of future drunk driving. Predicting risk will not eliminate drunk driving completely, but it will help to reduce it. Community-based corrections professionals are in a prime position to reduce drunk driving. Policy makers will continue to play an important role in controlling drunk driving. The next stage of this project will entail the application of the risk assessment instrument to a sample of drunk-driving offenders convicted in various states. By identifying which offenders are most at risk for future drunk driving, policy makers and criminal justice officials will be in a position to develop control strategies that target those offenders most at risk for re-offending. This will make our highways safer and reduce the number of alcohol-related accidents. Details: Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association, 2012. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 27, 2012 at: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/PRDWI-DRAFT.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/PRDWI-DRAFT.pdf Shelf Number: 125416 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk Driving (U.S.)Risk Assessment |
Author: Victoria. Auditor-General Title: Effectiveness of Justice Strategies in Preventing and Reducing Alcohol-Related Harm Summary: The audit assessed the effectiveness of the Department of Justice, Victoria Police and the Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation in preventing and reducing the impact of alcohol-related harm on the community. Alcohol-related harm costs Victoria an estimated $4.3 billion per year. Despite the implementation of various strategies and initiatives, the level of reported alcohol-related harm has increased significantly over the past 10 years. Harm minimisation efforts have been hampered by the lack of a whole-of-government policy position on the role of alcohol in society, by poorly chosen, implemented and evaluated initiatives, by inconsistent and cumbersome liquor licensing processes and legislation, and by a lack of coordinated, intelligence-led and targeted enforcement. The Department of Justice's initiatives to prevent and reduce alcohol-related harm were fragmented, superficial and reactive instead of targeted, evidence-based, complementary and well coordinated. The liquor licensing regime is not effectively minimising alcohol-related harm. This is due to a lack of transparency in decision-making, insufficient guidance on regulatory processes, administrative errors, poor quality data and a lack of engagement from councils. There is no overarching whole-of-government enforcement strategy to comprehensively address unlawful supply, particularly service to intoxicated patrons and minors, which is the cause of much alcohol-related harm. Inaccurate and incomplete data is further hampering enforcement efforts. A fundamental change in approach to strategy development, licensing and enforcement is required before any noticeable impact on reducing harm is likely. Details: Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer, 2012. 100p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2012 at: http://www.audit.vic.gov.au/reports_and_publications/latest_reports/2011-12/20120620-alcohol.aspx Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.audit.vic.gov.au/reports_and_publications/latest_reports/2011-12/20120620-alcohol.aspx Shelf Number: 125546 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Drunk and Disorderly |
Author: Johnson, Ernest L. Title: Alcohol and Crime in Wyoming: 2011 Summary: This report contains an analysis of alcohol-related arrest information collected in all twenty-three counties in Wyoming during a twelve-month time period (January 1, through December 31, 2011) by the Wyoming Association of Sheriffs and Chiefs of Police. Information was collected from a total of 19,003 persons who were arrested and subsequently detained in a county detention facility. The alcohol-related arrest data contained in this report provides a detailed, statistical picture of the impact of alcohol abuse on crime in Wyoming. The profile of the average person taken to jail in Wyoming continues to be relatively consistent with previous years. Eight out of ten times it was a male – average age 35. Ten percent of the time it was an out-ofstate visitor and 6% of the time it was an in-state visitor. Juvenile arrests that resulted in detention in a county detention facility accounted for less than 2% of the total custodial arrests. A review of the data collected from persons arrested and subsequently taken to jail indicates that Wyoming continues to be relatively safe from what is generally considered to be “serious” crime. The number of persons who are arrested for felonies are relatively low when compared to the number of persons arrested for minor crimes (misdemeanors). Felony arrests accounted for 7% of the total arrests statewide. Details: Gillette, WY: Wyoming Association of Sheriffs and Chiefs of police, 2012. 54p., supp. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2012 at: jandaconsulting.com Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 125629 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse and Crime (Wyoming)Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crimes, DisorderAlcoholism |
Author: Bieler, Sam Title: Addressing Violence and Disorder around Alcohol Outlets Summary: There is a substantial literature around violence and alcohol outlets. Roman et al. (2008) studied block groups in Washington, DC and found that increased densities of on-and off-premise liquor outlets increase disorder and violence, but that each type of outlet affects only a specific kind of violence: the presence of on-premise alcohol outlets predict increases in aggravated assault, while off-premise outlets predict increases in domestic violence. In response to violence and disorder, particularly around on-premise alcohol outlets, effective programs have been developed to address this problem by combining several strategies. The common thread between these policies is that each addresses at least one of the five key factors contributing to assault, social disorder, and domestic violence in or closely linked to entertainment districts: the availability of alcohol, the time of day at which drinking takes place, the protective or risk-creating physical factors of the area, the social and legal fabric of the neighborhood, and the presence of motivated offenders. This report summarizes the literature on the effectiveness of interventions targeting these five key factors. Details: Washington, DC: District of Columbia Crime Policy Institute, Urban Institute, 2013. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 21, 2013 at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412735-Addressing-Violence-and-Disorder-around-Alcohol-Outlets.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412735-Addressing-Violence-and-Disorder-around-Alcohol-Outlets.pdf Shelf Number: 127654 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderLiquor Outlets and Violence |
Author: Trifonoff, A., Andrew, R., Steenson, T., Nicholas, R. and Roche, A.M. Title: Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: Police Expectations and Experiences. Summary: This publication is part of a larger project initiated under the former Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (MCDS) Cost Shared Funding Model, now administered under the Intergovernmental Committee on Drugs, National Drug Strategy, Cost Shared Funding Model. In April 2009 the MCDS approved South Australia Police as the lead agency to oversee a project to review liquor licensing legislation in each Australian jurisdiction. South Australia Police contracted the National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction at Flinders University in South Australia to undertake the project. The project, undertaken between March 2010 and February 2011, involved an extensive literature review, a comprehensive examination of each Australian state and territory’s liquor licensing legislation, data collection systems and interviews with key informants. Three publications have been developed from this project1. Part 1: Trifonoff, A., Andrew, R., Steenson, T., Nicholas, R., and Roche, A.M. (2011). Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: An Overview. National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, SA. Part 2: Trifonoff, A., Andrew, R., Steenson, T., Nicholas, R. and Roche, A.M. (2011). Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: A Jurisdictional Breakdown. National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA). Flinders University, Adelaide, SA. Part 3: Trifonoff, A., Andrew, R., Steenson, T., Nicholas, R., and Roche, A.M. (2011). Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: Police Expectations and Experiences. National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, SA. This document, Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: Police Expectations and Experiences, examines the major findings from the consultations with police personnel. Part 1 presents the background and introduction to the project, the methodology, findings of the literature review, and a summary of the legislation and associated structures in each Australian jurisdiction. Part 2 outlines the liquor licensing legislation and arrangements that are in place in all Australian jurisdictions. The aim of the project was to review the enforcement provisions in the liquor licensing legislation of all Australian states and territories. A national review was undertaken to identify the key features of Australia’s diverse liquor licensing legislation. In addition, these issues were examined from a law enforcement perspective. The objectives of the project were to: • identify the key features of liquor licensing legislation in each state and territory • identify examples of good practice in relation to the drafting and operation of liquor licensing legislation • identify the perspectives and needs of law enforcement personnel in relation to liquor legislation to ensure that they are able to adequately perform their role in preventing and reducing alcohol-related crime and associated harms • examine and recommend improvements to liquor licensing legislation across all Australian jurisdictions. The project was designed to provide insight into the perspectives of a range of stakeholders, especially police, concerning the capacity of existing liquor licensing legislation and associated administrative and judicial structures to reduce acute harms associated with alcohol consumption in Australia. Details: Adelaide: National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA). Flinders University, 2011. 200p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 26, 2013 at: http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/66CFE1ED3DAA02CBCA257AB1001C9182/$File/LLL%20part%203.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/66CFE1ED3DAA02CBCA257AB1001C9182/$File/LLL%20part%203.pdf Shelf Number: 127716 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Relates Crime, Disorder (Australia)Liquor Licensing Legislation |
Author: Hunter, Nichole, Kenneally, Brianna Title: Monitoring the Adelaide Dry Area - An Update Summary: This Evaluation Report is divided into two sections. The first section focusses on the six key objectives of the Adelaide Dry Area Trial and seeks to identify whether these objectives are being achieved. The second section outlines possible strategies for on-going monitoring. Details: Adelaide, SA: South Australia Department of Justice, Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2005. 193p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2013 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea2005.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea2005.pdf Shelf Number: 107695 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Alcoholism |
Author: Hunter, Nichole Title: Monitoring the Adelaide Dry Area Summary: A Dry area is a designated area where the consumption and possession of alcohol in unsealed containers is prohibited under the Liquor Licensing Act 1997. This report focuses on the effectiveness of the City of Adelaide Dry Area Tral. The first section of the report focuses on the six key objectives of the Area Trial and seeks to identify whether these objectives are being achieved. The second secion outlines possible strategies for on-going monitoring. Details: South Australia: Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2004. 238p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 30, 2013 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea.pdf Shelf Number: 128175 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Alcoholism |
Author: Robertson, Robyn D. Title: Alcohol Interlock Programs: Data Management System Implementation Summary: In December 2010, a two-day workshop was organized in Toronto to bring together program administrators and vendors to discuss the issues of vendor oversight and automated data management systems. Representatives from four interlock vendors (ACS, Draeger, Lifesafer, and Smart Start) were in attendance along with program administrators from Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Texas, and South Carolina. The focus of discussions included state and vendor experiences with data management and reporting, core steps to develop a data management system, and essential elements of a data management system. This report, along with a companion piece entitled Alcohol Interlock Programs: Vendor Oversight (released in 2011) was borne out of those discussions. This document provides an overview of some important issues to consider when transitioning from a paperbased system to an automated system. It is structured in four key sections: 1. Plan development; 2. System components; 3. Essential system requirements; 4. Vendor interactions. An automated data management system implementation checklist for agencies is also included in Appendix C. Details: Ottawa, ONT:Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 2013. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 8, 2013 at: http://www.tirf.ca/publications/PDF_publications/NHTSA_Tech_Assistance_DataManagement_9.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.tirf.ca/publications/PDF_publications/NHTSA_Tech_Assistance_DataManagement_9.pdf Shelf Number: 129269 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock Devices (Canada, U.S.)Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk Driving |
Author: de Mello, Joao M. P. Title: The Pharmacological Channel Revisited: Alcohol Sales Restrictions and Crime in Bogota Summary: Our goal in this paper is twofold: First, evaluate the impact on crime of the restriction of late-night alcohol sales in Bogota; and second, quantify the causal effect of problematic alcohol consumption on different crime categories. Using a control group strategy, we explore time-series and cross-block variation in the restriction to measure its causal effects on several crime categories. We find that the restriction reduced deaths and injuries in car accidents and batteries, compatible with the pharmacological impact of alcohol consumption on crime (Goldstein, 1985). Our results are stronger in areas where the restriction was actually binding (e.g., in blocks with presence of liquor stores) and are highly heterogeneous depending on the number of liquor stores that were restricted at the block level. Finally, we measure the impact of the restriction on alcohol consumption (the first-stage, or mechanism), and quantify the causal pharmacological impact of alcohol consumption on crime using the restriction as an instrument for problematic alcohol consumption (the second stage). We find that alcohol consumption causes deaths and injuries in car accidents and batteries. More precisely, our results indicate that a one standard deviation (s.d.) increase in problematic alcohol consumption increases deaths in car accidents by 0.51 s.d., injuries in car accidents by 0.82 s.d., and batteries by 1.27 s.d. Details: Bogota, Colombia: Universidad de los Andes-Facultad de Economia-CEDE, 2013. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Documentos CEDE No. 20: Accessed October 30, 2013 at: http://economia.uniandes.edu.co/investigaciones_y_publicaciones/CEDE/Publicaciones/documentos_cede/2013/The_Pharmacological_Channel_Revisited_Alcohol_Sales_Restrictions_and_Crime_in_Bogota Year: 2013 Country: Colombia URL: http://economia.uniandes.edu.co/investigaciones_y_publicaciones/CEDE/Publicaciones/documentos_cede/2013/The_Pharmacological_Channel_Revisited_Alcohol_Sales_Restrictions_and_Crime_in_Bogota Shelf Number: 131510 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Bogota, Colombia)Drunk and Disorderly |
Author: Birdwell, Jonathan Title: Sobering Up Summary: Britain has a complicated relationship with alcohol. Despite the tabloid hysteria, the evidence shows that overall we are drinking less than we were a decade ago. At the same time, it is clear that some communities suffer from severe problems related to underage drinking, the harms of binge drinking and dependent street drinkers. The Government has not brought forward a strong national policy and in its absence, local authorities and Health and Wellbeing Boards who hold responsibility for public health will now lead the way. Sobering Up investigates what is already happening in communities across the UK and highlights best practice in the hope it will become wider spread. The research looks particularly at the role of shops and incorporates the views of local councillors, council officers, public health representatives, police, trading standards, alcohol support charities and shop owners and workers. It also includes case study areas - Blackpool, Ipswich, Manchester, and Kent - chosen for their mix of alcohol-related problems, as well as their geographical and demographic range. The report argues that each problem, in each community, is different and should be treated as such. However, some examples of best practice stand out. It recommends tackling the growing problem of proxy-purchasing through greater community policing of the offence and tougher punishments for those caught, and that city centres troubled by binge-drinking should do more to restrict access to those already very drunk. It also advocates more local partnerships to ensure local authorities, police and retailers are joined up - and that real effort is made to engage small retailers as well as the large chain retailers. Each of these measures could make a real contribution to tackling the alcohol-related harms that Britain still faces. Details: London: Demos, 2013. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 4, 2013 at: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/DEMOS_sobering_up_report.pdf?1385061889 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/DEMOS_sobering_up_report.pdf?1385061889 Shelf Number: 131741 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderBinge Drinking |
Author: Willis, Charlene Title: Alcohol Ignition Interlock Programmes for Reducing Drink Driving Recidivism (Review) Summary: Convicted drink drivers are sometimes offered the choice of a standard punishment, or for an alcohol ignition interlock to be fitted to their car for a fixed period. To operate a vehicle equipped with an interlock, the driver must first give a breath specimen. If the breath alcohol concentration of the specimen is too high, the vehicle will not start. A number of studies have been conducted to see whether the interlock stops drink drivers from offending again. Most of these studies have not been of high quality. The interlock seems to reduce re-offending as long as it is still fitted to the vehicle, but there is no long-term benefit after it has been removed. However, more studies of good quality are needed to confirm these findings. The low percentage of offenders who choose to have an interlock fitted also makes it difficult to reach firm conclusions about their effectiveness. Details: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009, Issue 1. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2014 at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004168.pub2/pdf Year: 2009 Country: International URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004168.pub2/pdf Shelf Number: 131974 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingIgnition Interlock ProgramRecidivism |
Author: Fieldler, Katherine Title: Case Studies of Ignition Interlock Programs Summary: Under a contract with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Acclaro Research Solutions, Inc. prepared this program guide of case studies. The guide profiles the work of six States and their use of ignition interlocks as part of an overall strategy to combat alcohol-impaired driving. This guide is the result of a multi-phased effort involving a scan of relevant literature, informal discussions with interlock experts and program administrators, a case study selection process, and site visits to each selected program. The six States profiled in this document are Colorado, Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, New York, and Oklahoma. Each State demonstrates unique approaches and innovations in the use of interlocks. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2012. 172p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2014 at: www.nhtsa.gov/ Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: www.nhtsa.gov/ Shelf Number: 131981 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingIgnition Interlock Program |
Author: Cussen, Tracy Title: Policing Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Matropolitan Environments Summary: Policing affords many opportunities for individual officers and police services to improve outcomes for community members and reduce the burden of substance misuse on the community. Key points highlighted concerning metropolitan areas include: ◾A broad spectrum of services is available (albeit acknowledged to often be under-resourced), providing police with a range of referral points for and information sources about local area issues. ◾Service providers and other agencies may also be variously accountable for public safety. Police may develop partnerships with these agencies, ensuring that tight resources can be appropriately directed to meet community needs. Service providers can help police to better understand the complex life circumstances of individuals affected by alcohol and other drugs. Benefits of information exchanges can be twofold i.e. improved police confidence in handling complex situations; and increased awareness within the service sector of the range of tasks and behaviours police are expected to perform and manage. Details: Canberra: National Drug Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF), 2014. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph Series No. 48: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph48.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph48.pdf Shelf Number: 132015 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDrunk and DisorderlyIllicit Drugs |
Author: McKnight, A. Scott Title: Transdermal Alcohol Monitoring: Case Studies Summary: Judges, probation officers, and parole officers sometimes require impaired-driving offenders and other offenders to abstain from alcohol and other drugs. Consequently, they need a way to determine whether offenders are complying with that requirement. This report describes the experiences of six jurisdictions using continuous transdermal alcohol monitoring - a technology that can detect the use of alcohol by offenders and report it to authorities. There are three basic ways to prevent alcohol-impaired driving by known offenders: (a) prevent driving; (b) prevent driving after drinking; and (c) prevent drinking. Preventing offenders from drinking can potentially protect the public against alcohol-impaired-driving crashes and reduce other alcohol-related problems, such as domestic violence, nontraffic injury, and alcohol addiction. Judges frequently make abstinence a requirement of an offenders' sentence for a repeat driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) violation and sometimes make it a formal probation requirement. Unless enforced by a monitoring program, however, such a requirement may not have the desired effect. The Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM) device produced by Alcohol Monitoring Systems (AMS) and the Transdermal Alcohol Detection (TAD) system developed by BI Incorporated (BI) are two transdermal alcohol-monitoring devices that are increasingly being used across the country on alcohol-related criminal offenders. Both devices use ankle bracelets that sample perspiration to detect ethanol vapor and can automatically transfer the information stored on the ankle bracelet via modem to a secure Web server. The data is used to generate daily reports of offenders' drinking events, tamper attempts, and other forms of noncompliance with program requirements. The system was designed for security and remote reporting to minimize circumvention and render the data usable by supervising agencies. In the United States, the SCRAM device has been in use longer and has achieved much greater market penetration than the TAD. SCRAM reportedly is being used in 46 States. AMS reports that it works with more than 200 service providers in more than 1,800 courts and agencies around the United States. From a group of 9,100 offenders who were monitored using the SCRAM device from 2004 to 2009, 75 percent were considered compliant (no alcohol use or tampering occurred). BI currently has more than 1,700 TAD units in use at nearly 200 sites. The objectives of this project were to determine how extensively transdermal alcohol-monitoring devices are used and to document examples of strong and innovative programs through case studies that can be used by agencies at the State and local levels considering the use of these devices to monitor offenders. Six programs were selected for case study. Information from these six case studies revealed the following: (a) use of transdermal alcohol monitoring of DWI offenders is increasing; (b) transdermal alcohol monitoring appears to reliably monitor alcohol use by offenders (prior methods had not been as reliable) and thus is beneficial to officials; (c) transdermal-monitoring devices appear not to have any insurmountable problems (cost is an issue, but costs are paid mostly by the offender). Research is needed to carefully study whether transdermal alcohol-monitoring devices reduce drinking and DWI recidivism by offenders. Details: Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2012. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 24, 2014 at: www.nhtsa.gov Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: www.nhtsa.gov Shelf Number: 132176 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Monitoring DevicesDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingDWIRecidivism |
Author: Duffy, John C. Title: Punishing the Majority: The Flawed Theory Behind Alcohol Control Policies Summary: Alcohol policy in Britain and many other countries aims to reduce per capita alcohol consumption in the belief that this will inevitably reduce heavy and harmful drinking. The cornerstone policies of this approach are advertising bans, licensing restrictions and higher taxes. - Campaigners cite the 'Total Consumption Model' as justification for implementing policies that affect all drinkers, rather than just the heavy drinking minority. The theory was devised in the 1950s based on a statistical correlation between average alcohol consumption and rates of harmful drinking. - As researchers have long recognised, this theory is deeply flawed and has little predictive power. Per capita alcohol consumption largely depends on the amount of heavy drinking in a population, not vice versa. The mathematical model is simply wrong. Numerous real world examples, including the UK in recent years, show that alcohol-related harm does not necessarily correlate with overall alcohol consumption. - Empirical evidence supports neither the Total Consumption Model nor the policies upon which it is based. These policies bear costs on moderate drinkers while being largely ignored by at-risk drinkers. - Alcohol policy would be more effective and equitable if it targeted excessive drinkers, alcoholics and those who require help, rather than the whole population. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2014. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: IEA Current Controversies Paper no. 49: Accessed June 20, 2014 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Punishing%20the%20majority%20EMBARGOED.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Punishing%20the%20majority%20EMBARGOED.pdf Shelf Number: 132533 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: Traffic Safety: Alcohol Ignition Interlocks are effective while installed; Less it known about how to increase installation rates Summary: Motor vehicle crashes involving alcohol-impaired drivers killed 10,322 people in 2012 and account for almost one third of all traffic fatalities annually. Ignition interlocks are one strategy states use to combat DWI. In 2012, MAP-21 established a grant program for states that adopt and implement mandatory alcohol ignition-interlock laws for all convicted DWI offenders. Funding authorization for this program expires at the end of fiscal year 2014. GAO was asked to review the effectiveness of ignition interlocks and NHTSA's implementation of the new grant program. This report discusses (1) what is known about ignition interlock effectiveness and (2) the extent to which NHTSA has assisted states in implementing ignition-interlock programs, including the grant program. GAO reviewed 25 studies that analyzed relationships between ignition interlocks and DWI arrests and fatalities; interviewed NHTSA officials and reviewed reports about NHTSA's assistance to states; and interviewed representatives from safety-advocacy and research organizations, and officials involved with ignition-interlock programs from 10 states. The states were selected based on grant program qualification and the number of alcohol-impaired fatalities, among other factors. The information from these states is not generalizable. DOT officials reviewed a draft of this report and generally agreed with the findings. DOT offered technical corrections, which we incorporated as appropriate. Details: Washington, DC: GAO, 2014. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: GAO-14-559: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/664281.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/664281.pdf Shelf Number: 133076 Keywords: Alcohol Ignition InterlocksAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving (U.S.) |
Author: Grondel, Darrin T. Title: Evaluation of the Washington State Ignition Interlock Pilot Program 2009 Summary: Washington State first enacted ignition interlock laws in 1987. The laws have been modified several times over the past two decades to expand ignition interlock device (IID) use and increase compliance. In 2009, Washington State created Ignition Interlock Licenses (IIL) and modified the existing ignition interlock laws. The Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC) evaluated the effects of the 2009 law on recidivism and compliance. This report provides an evaluation of drivers who had an IID installed during 2009 under the new laws. Utilizing data provided by ignition interlock vendors and the Department of Licensing (DOL), WTSC evaluated installation compliance, noncompliance behaviors, and recidivism. The evaluation showed: Installation compliance has improved. - An installation compliance rate of 56 percent, higher than the 33 percent compliance rate reported in an evaluation of the 2004-2006 laws. There is a high frequency of driver noncompliant actions after the IID is installed. - Among IID drivers, 8.2 percent started their vehicles either never or rarely (0-9 starts per month). An additional 5.1 percent of drivers exhibited minimum vehicle use (10-19 starts per month). - Overall, 21 percent of interlocked drivers were found to have tampered with the IID at least once. Among drivers who tampered with their IIDs, the average number of tampering attempts was 11.6 times. - Overall, 73 percent of interlocked drivers experienced one or more start failures; the average number of start failures was 10.8. Ten percent of these drivers had 27 or more start failures. The average blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reading for start failures was 0.09. - Failures in random retests occurred for 37 percent of all drivers with an average of 1.6 retest failures. The average BAC reading was 0.06 for retest failures. - Vehicle lockouts occurred among 25 percent of the drivers, with an average of 1.32 lockouts. The IID significantly lowered recidivism among second and third-plus DUI offenders. - Among first driving under the influence (DUI) offenders, no significant difference in recidivism was found between the IID drivers and non-IID drivers. Differences in age and prior driving history between IID drivers and non-IID drivers did not affect the results. - Among second DUI offenders, there was a significant difference in recidivism between the IID drivers and non-IID drivers. Second DUI offenders with an IID had a 26 percent lower recidivism rate. - Among third-plus DUI offenders, there was a significant difference in recidivism between the IID drivers and non-IID drivers. Third-plus DUI offenders with an IID had a 28 percent lower recidivism rate. Details: Olympia, WA: Washington Traffic Safety Commission, 2014. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2014 at: http://www-stage.wtsc.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/04/IIPP.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www-stage.wtsc.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/04/IIPP.pdf Shelf Number: 133080 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock Devices (Washington State)Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingIgnition Interlock ProgramRecidivism |
Author: Hadfield, Phil Title: Night-Time Economy Management: International Research and Practice. A Review for the City of Sydney, September 2011 Summary: Details the most effective approaches in night time economies according to the international literature. This includes areas such as public health, responding to heavy episodic drinking, public realm profiling, licensing approaches, design and service interventions and developing sustainable and service based policies. - Young adults are both core consumers of nightlife and the most likely to engage in heavy sessional drinking to an extent which places themselves and others at risk of harm. English street surveys suggest that NTE participants drink more than the national average and at levels above average for their age group. Drinking to intoxication is a major mechanism through which alcohol causes harm. In terms of NTE management, it is the large numbers of people who are brought together and provided with opportunities - and sometimes inducements - to drink to intoxication which generates the main risks of crime, incivility, injury, and ill-health. - Drinking patterns can vary between nightlife areas within the same city, as well as by region. This may include the extent of pre-loading prior to arrival. One explanation for this feature is the variability of social scenes within the NTE, which is linked to different attractions, audiences (especially by age) and substance use choices. - In the UK research literature, those visitors surveyed later in the evening had consumed more alcohol, as had those with earlier onset times for their drinking. Thus, increasing the availability of alcohol through extended licensing hours for clubs and bars appears to correlate with increasing levels of alcohol consumption and therefore drunkenness and related harms. This factor may be one issue for the City to consider in its decision-making. - Drinking at home in preparation for a night out (pre-loading) has been associated with higher levels of intoxication, and greater risk of crime and victimisation when out 'on the town', as well as greater control and duty of care burdens for licensed premises, the police, and emergency health-care services. In several research studies conducted across North West England around a half, or more, of all respondents reported having consumed alcohol prior to entering the nightlife environment (preloading; e.g. at home, a friend's house, or in a hotel room). Preloading was significantly more common among younger respondents. One policy response to pre-loading may be to introduce levers reducing the price differential between alcohol purchased in the bottle shop, bar/hotel, and nightclub sectors. - Levels of drunkenness found within local NTE social scenes have a direct influence upon criminal justice and public health outcomes. As an illustration of this: "premises that produce the most assault-related injuries are also those that produce the greatest proportion of severely intoxicated patrons, suggesting that underlying premises-specific risks may contribute to both forms of alcohol-related harm" (Moore et al., 2011: 363). This has important implications for local enforcement, prevention and research activity as, aggregated at the premises level, venues that accommodate the highest proportions of severely intoxicated customers can be identified using police data and surveyor ratings of intoxication. - In relation to poly-drug use, it is difficult to draw generalisable lessons from what remains a small literature in terms of policy relevance. This is because the range of substances being consumed and mixed by nightlife patrons is now extensive and varies considerably between social scenes at the city and regional level, as well as internationally. For example, within one city, substance choices are likely to vary between the users of bars and nightclubs, and between different music scenes, including across different events hosted within the same licensed premises. This suggests the need to improve our understanding of the subtle patterns of drug taking in order to inform policy and shape education and harm reduction strategies. Given the diversity and fragmentation of drug use trends the central message of the evidence points to the need for in-depth local level research in order to identify use patterns and associated harms for which appropriate local level responses might then be devised. - Some of the most consistent evidence in poly-drug studies surrounds cocaine use and its mixing with alcohol. This has been linked to greater levels of social and physiological harm than the use of either substance individually; including propensities to violence. This is a significant issue in some areas due to the high prevalance of cocaine use in licensed premises. - Policy responses to poly-drug use face conflicting concerns regarding effective law enforcement in relation to the possession and use of illegal substances and the need to communicate harm miminisation messages to nightlife audiences and venue operators without appearing to condone illegal activity. One reason for the relative inactivity of city authorities around the world in responding to illegal drug use in comparison to alcohol is that there has been comparatively little evidence of a link with general public disorder in nightlife, nor is there any legitimate source of supply toward which action to improve standards might be applied. This can mean that recreational drug users face a vacuum in service provision precisely because they are not seen as a threat to wider society. - Evidence suggests that enforcement activity to prevent drunkenness and sales to intoxicated individuals can be effective, especially when targeted at 'high risk' venues. As Stockwell et al., (1997:1) argue, there are important practical advantages in 'sharpening the focus' of alcohol policy away from aggregate levels of consumption towards: "(i) the ability to distinguish between low risk and harmful consumption of alcohol; (ii) the ability to predict which drinkers are most likely to experience harmful consequences of drinking; (iii) the acceptability of policy objectives to government and industry; and (iv) the acceptability of prevention strategies to the general public." Details: Leeds: www.philhadfield.co.uk / City of Sydney: 2011. 271p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2015 at: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/131740/InternationalEvidenceLiteratureReview.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/131740/InternationalEvidenceLiteratureReview.pdf Shelf Number: 134771 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Miller, Peter Title: Interventions for reducing alcohol supply, alcohol demand and alcohol-related harm Summary: This project synthesises existing evidence and knowledge to improve our understanding of good practice in minimising the range of harms associated with alcohol misuse, especially supply and demand reduction strategies. It builds on the literature by using a Delphi study to answer many of the existing questions for which no research literature yet exists. All interventions that aim to reduce the supply of alcohol discussed in this report have received substantial evidence for their effectiveness. Specifically, reducing alcohol outlet opening hours, increasing minimum legal purchase age, reducing alcohol outlet density and controlling alcohol sales times have each undergone a vast number of evaluations and have been found to be effective in reducing the supply of alcohol and reducing the harms associated with its consumption. The most promising supply-reduction interventions identified were reducing trading hours for packaged liquor and reductions in the types and size of liquor that can be sold, the public listing of 'violent venues&rsquo' and serving only mid-strength beverages after midnight in late night venues. Demand reduction strategies appear to be effective; however, there is a lack of research or evaluations in the area. Increasing alcohol excise and taxation has been found to be very cost-effective, as well as being effective in reducing the consumption of alcohol and often results in overall social benefit. However, research for other demand reduction strategies, such as family-based alcohol misuse prevention and developmental prevention interventions is still in its infancy. Although such interventions have received some support for their effectiveness, further research needs to be undertaken. The most effective harm reduction interventions were the Safer Bars program, targeted policing interventions (including 'consequence policing') and the introduction of plastic glassware. The most promising harm-reduction interventions identified were alcohol management plans in the Northern Territory, the introduction of mandatory security plans for venues, RSA marshals and mandatory high-visibility clothing. The study has identified a large number of interventions for the reduction of alcohol-related harm, but the majority of these have minimal evidence bases. A further concern is that the bulk of interventions have been developed to reduce alcohol-related harm and as a result, there exists few supply and demand reduction strategies. While the most effective solutions have been found to act at the societal level, there is a clear demand for more interventions that focus at community, social, family, or individual levels, even if they are not going to have the same level of impact. Details: Canberra: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF), 2015. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph-57.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph-57.pdf Shelf Number: 135187 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyHarm ReductionNuisance Behaviors |
Author: Ferris, Jason Title: A national examination of random breath testing and alcohol-related traffic crash rates (2000-2012) Summary: Random Breath Testing (RBT) is a practice where police stop motor vehicle drivers chosen by chance to measure the amount of alcohol in their system. RBT is a central and important law enforcement initiative in reducing alcohol-related road traffic accidents, which has been embraced by all jurisdictaions in Australia since the 1980s. Australia is deemed to have the most successful RBT program internationally, measured in terms of alcohol-related traffic crash (ARTC) reductions (Erke, Goldenbeld, & Vaa, 2009). This is attributed to the high intensity of the RBT programs and the associated perception by drivers of being charged for drink-driving (Erke et al., 2009; Peek-Asa, 1999). However within Australia, RBT programs are not implemented uniformly and their effectiveness varies considerably between the states and territories (see Harrison, Newman, Baldock, & McLean, 2003; Homel, 1988; Papafotiou-Owens & Boorman, 2011). This research report examines the relationship between RBT and ARTC rates for each Australian jurisdiction, in order to better understand state-specific trends and to undertake a national comparison which ranks the success of the RBT programs operating in each jurisdiction. The research draws on data spanning January 2000 December 2012 (where available), and uses joinpoint regression (Statistical Research and Applications Branch, 2013) to evaluate and quantify any significant deviations in trends over time for each of the administrative datasets. The research finds jurisdictions with RBT to licensed driver ratios of 1:1 or greater, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, report stable to declining ARTC trends and lower percentages of reported drink-driving (8.38 to 12.49 per cent; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011) compared with jurisdictions where the RBT ratio is 1:2 or 1:3; with the exception of the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory reports a higher percentage of reported drink-driving (14.95 per cent; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011) and a current ARTC rate of more than double that of Tasmania. Jurisdictions with an RBT ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, South Australia, Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia, also report declining ARTC trends however these jurisdictions show higher percentages of reported drink-driving (13 to 14.56 per cent; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011). The results suggest the relationship between RBT and ARTC rates is not clear cut. While the expected pattern between RBT and ARTC rates is observed, that is an increase in the RBT ratio is associated with a decrease in ARTC rates, this pattern is not observed for all jurisdictions. This suggests that trends for both RBT ratios and ARTC rates are likely to also be influenced by other factors such as geographic differences, varying levels of RBT publicity and educational campaigns, responses for recidivist drink-drivers (rehabilitation), and drink-driving penalties. Details: Canberra: Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2015. 92p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A-national-examination-of-random-breath-testing-and-alcohol-related-traffic-crashes-2000-2012-FINAL-web.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A-national-examination-of-random-breath-testing-and-alcohol-related-traffic-crashes-2000-2012-FINAL-web.pdf Shelf Number: 135193 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving (Australia)Random Breath TestingTraffic Accidents |
Author: Chapman, Eric Title: General Deterrent Evaluation of the Ignition Interlock Pilot Program in California Summary: Currently, there are four counties in California that are participating in the ignition interlock device, IID, pilot program: Los Angeles, Alameda, Tulare, and Sacramento, per California Vehicle Code Section 23700. The pilot program requires all driving under the influence, DUI, defendants, including first time offenders, to pay for, install, and then maintain the IID for a period of time as determined by the number of drunk driving convictions the individual has. An IID is a breathalyzer instrument that is professionally installed in the defendant's vehicle by a court-approved company. The driver must blow into the device, providing an alcohol-free sample. If alcohol is detected, the car will not start. Once started, the driver will be prompted to give another sample within 15-minutes of driving and then again about every 45-minutes. If alcohol is detected during a random sample, the car will stall and become inoperable. These are referred to as "sample failures" and are reported to the court. The present study analyzes DUI conviction data from July 2007 through June 2013. The results indicate that IID installation rates among all DUI offenders increased dramatically in the pilot counties from 2.1% during the pre-pilot period to 42.4% during the pilot period. The results of the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analyses show that the IID pilot program was not associated with a reduction in the number of first-time and repeat DUI convictions in the pilot counties. In other words, no evidence was found that the pilot program has a general deterrence effect. Details: Sacramento: California Department of Motor Vehicles, 2015. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 15, 2015 at: https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/065e8803-83ed-4d16-9335-c67e7e23c6ea/S5-247.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=065e8803-83ed-4d16-9335-c67e7e23c6ea Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/065e8803-83ed-4d16-9335-c67e7e23c6ea/S5-247.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=065e8803-83ed-4d16-9335-c67e7e23c6ea Shelf Number: 135237 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementBreathalyzerDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving (CaliforniaIgnition Interlock Program |
Author: Tashima, Helen N. Title: An Evaluation of Factors Associated with Variation in DUI Conviction Rates Among California Counties Summary: Although California's statewide driving-under-the-influence of alcohol and/or drugs (DUI) conviction rate has improved over time from 64% in 1989 to 79% in 2006, the DUI conviction rates vary considerably among counties. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with differences among California county DUI conviction rates averaged from 2000-2006. The three approaches to obtain information were: (a) surveys sent to California judges, prosecuting attorneys, public and private defense attorneys, and court administrators; (b) face-to-face interviews conducted with California judges, prosecuting attorneys, and public and private defense attorneys; and (c) analyses of various county-level demographic and socioeconomic factors, DUI arrest and conviction process measures, and crash/recidivism variables. It was found that counties with higher DUI arrest rates tend to have lower DUI conviction rates. Counties with high DUI conviction rates tend to convict at lower BAC levels and have higher percentage usage of blood BAC tests. Counties also varied in their alcohol-reckless conviction rates as well as the BAC levels considered appropriate for negotiating alcohol-reckless plea bargains. While the 7-year (2000-2006) statewide average percentage of DUI arrestees convicted of alcohol-reckless driving was 8.1%, county percentages ranged from 0% to 22.6%. Higher prosecution caseload as measured by county violent crime rates is associated with lower DUI conviction rates, while shorter lengths of time from arrest to conviction are associated with higher DUI conviction rates. Varying prosecution policies were strongly identified by survey respondents as influencing variation in county DUI conviction rates. Convicting for drug-only DUI was considered to be very difficult due to the lack of scientifically based per se levels of drug impairment. Recommendations are made based on these findings. Details: Sacramento: California Department of Motor Vehicles, 2011. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: RSS-11-235: Accessed April 15, 2015 at: http://apps.dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/rd/r_d_report/Section_3/S3-235.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://apps.dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/rd/r_d_report/Section_3/S3-235.pdf Shelf Number: 135238 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrugs and DrivingDrunk Driving (California) |
Author: Roth, Lenny Title: Liquor licensing restrictions to address alcohol-related violence in NSW: 2008 to 2014 Summary: The issue of alcohol-related violence, and in particular violence occurring in and around licensed premises, has been at the forefront of debate in NSW for several years. A range of measures have been introduced to tackle this problem, including those announced by Premier O'Farrell on 21 January 2014. Restrictions imposed on licensed premises under existing and new provisions of the Liquor Act 2007 have been a major part of the reforms. This e-brief outlines the main liquor licensing restrictions that have been introduced since 2008. It also refers to studies that have been done on the effectiveness of certain restrictions, and it examines trends in alcohol-related assaults. Details: Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Research Service, 2014. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: e-brief 4/2014: Accessed April 25, 2015 at: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/Liquorlicensingrestrictionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinNSW:2008to2014/$File/Liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/Liquorlicensingrestrictionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinNSW:2008to2014/$File/Liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf Shelf Number: 135393 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Fisher, Deborah A. Title: Intensive DWI supervision in urban areas - feasibility study Summary: Drivers with prior convictions for driving while impaired (DWI) carry a higher risk of future DWI arrests and crash involvement. In response, communities have developed various strategies to address the drinking-driving problems of DWI offenders by assisting them in making positive behavioral changes to reduce their likelihood of recidivism. One program model developed to monitor offender drinking involves having an offender report twice daily to a law enforcement office for alcohol breath testing at 12-hour intervals. To date, these 24/7 sobriety programs have been used in rural States and communities; however, the program model is being considered for implementation in additional locales. The purpose of this project was to conduct a feasibility study to gather data on whether the 24/7 program model can be applied in urban locales, and if so, what changes might be necessary. In Phase 1 of the study, structured discussions were held with State and local officials in Montana; North Dakota; South Dakota; and Fremont County, Wyoming, to develop a complete description of the history of 24/7 programs in rural areas. In Phase 2, information from Phase 1 was used to conduct discussions with local officials in two urban areas - Washington, DC, and Fairfax County, Virginia - to obtain their impressions about whether and how a 24/7 program could be operated in their jurisdictions. Urban officials reserved judgment about whether such a program would affect offender drinking, impaired driving, and crashes, though most believed it would help identify those who are alcohol-dependent and assist in connecting them with needed resources. Despite potential benefits, officials were generally cautious but somewhat open to the prospects regarding program feasibility. This tempered reaction was a function of concerns about practical issues of implementation and broader concerns about the value of and need for twice-daily testing programs in urban locations. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2013. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2015 at: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/169903.aspx Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/169903.aspx Shelf Number: 136335 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementBreath TestsDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingIntensive Supervision ProbationRecidivism |
Author: Midgette, Gregory Title: The Effect of Montana's 24/7 Sobriety Program on DUI Re-arrest: Insights from a Natural Experiment with Limited Administrative Data Summary: Alcohol imposes significant social costs on the residents of Montana. The state has one of the highest alcohol-related traffic fatality rates in the nation, and alcohol accounts for more than one-eighth of deaths among working aged adults statewide. 24/7 Sobriety requires alcohol-involved offenders to abstain from alcohol and submit to frequent alcohol testing; those failing or missing a test face an immediate, but brief, jail term. The State of Montana began piloting 24/7 among driving-under-the-influence (DUI) arrestees in Lewis and Clark County in early-2010 and expanded to 22 counties with the passage of House Bill 106 in May 2011. The program also grew to include other alcohol-involved offenses, though DUI arrestees account for more than 75% of program participants. In Montana, 24/7 participants are monitored for an average of 160 days, with a median time of 104 days. Using data from everyone who was convicted of their second DUI charge (DUI-2) from January 2008 to August 2014, this analysis examines the effect of 24/7 participation on the probability of DUI re-arrest for participants within twelve months of their second (DUI-2) arrest date. Results from bivariate probit models which instrument with 24/7 availability to account for potential selection issues provide suggestive evidence that 24/7 participation reduced the probability of DUI re-arrest in Montana (perhaps on the order of 45% to 70% when considering both our main results and sensitivity analysis findings), but missing criminal history information for approximately half of the sample precludes us from making stronger inferences about causality. Details: Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2015. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: WR-1083-MHP: Accessed September 11, 2015 at: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/WR1000/WR1083/RAND_WR1083.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/WR1000/WR1083/RAND_WR1083.pdf Shelf Number: 136718 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholism Driving Under the Influence Drunk Driving Recidivism |
Author: Akesson, Grant Title: The Impact of Liquor Restrictions in Halls Creek. Quantitative Date -- Five Years Post-restriction Summary: On 11 May 2009, the Director of Liquor Licensing released his decision that, as of 18 May 2009, the following restrictions be imposed for an indefinite period of time, with a review of the effectiveness of the restrictions at regular intervals. Halls Creek Store - The sale of packaged liquor, exceeding a concentration of ethanol and liquor of 2.7 per cent at 200C, is prohibited to any person, other than a liquor merchant. Kimberley Store - The sale of packaged liquor, exceeding a concentration of ethanol and liquor of 2.7 per cent at 200C, is prohibited to any person, other than a lodger (as defined in section 3 of the Liquor Control Act 1988) or a liquor merchant. - The sale and supply of liquor for consumption on the premises is prohibited before 12:00 noon on any day, except when it is sold ancillary to a meal or to a lodger. - A dress code is to be displayed at each entrance to the premises. - Liquor products are not permitted to be displayed for sale within the area outlined blue on the plan dated 17 November 2008. This report provides a range of statistical information covering six time periods. - Pre-restriction - June 2008 to May 2009; - Post-restriction period 1 - June 2009 to May 2010; - Post-restriction period 2 - June 2010 to May 2011; - Post-restriction Period 3 - June 2011 to May 2012; - Post-restriction Period 4 - June 2012 to May 2013; - Post-restriction Period 5 - June 2013 to May 2014. Details: Western Australia : Drug and Alcohol Office, Government of Western Australia, 2015. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2015 at: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=1155&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=1155&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Shelf Number: 137191 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Jones, Sandra C. Title: Why don't friends and relatives of underage drinkers comply with secondary supply laws in NSW? Summary: The Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol recommend that "for children and young people under 18 years of age, not drinking alcohol is the safest option". However, in Australia the majority of children have tried alcohol by the age of 12 and there is a perception among many adolescents and adults that underage drinking is a normative behaviour. Research shows that, in addition to the strong influence of perceived peer norms, adult approval and acceptance of alcohol use is highly correlated with underage drinking behavior. In Australia, almost 60 per cent of alcohol consumed by 12-17 year olds is supplied by friends, relatives or strangers (with much of the remainder provided by parents). The provision of alcohol to people under the age of 18 by someone other than their parent or guardian, or another adult with the express consent of their parent or guardian, is illegal in most (but not all) Australian jurisdictions. There is a substantial body of research into the reasons why people do (and do not) comply with the law, particularly in the context of driving offences and crimes against property (such as vandalism, theft and littering). The main obedience variables identified as predictors of compliance are Personal Morality, Deterrence, Perceived Legitimacy, Social Norms and Procedural Fairness. The study presented in this report sought to explore why Australian adults continue to provide alcohol to adolescents despite being aware that this behavior is illegal. Given the substantial body of literature exploring reasons for compliance with traffic laws, we also sought to explore similarities and differences in perceptions of secondary supply, speeding, and drink driving offences. Details: Canberra: Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2015. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2015 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Why-dont-friends-and-relatives-comply-with-secondary-supply-laws-in-NSW.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Why-dont-friends-and-relatives-comply-with-secondary-supply-laws-in-NSW.pdf Shelf Number: 137272 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Mothers Against Drunk Driving Title: How Technology Has Stopped 1.77 Million Drunk Drivers Summary: In a new 50-state report, MADD found ignition interlocks have stopped more than 1.77 million would-be drunk drivers across the country since states first passed ignition interlock laws. MADD knows ignition interlocks save lives, and they could save even more lives if every offender is required to use the device after the first arrest, said Colleen Sheehey-Church, whose 18-year-old son Dustin was killed by an underage drunk and drugged driver. The fact that so many people have attempted to drive impaired even after being caught and ordered to use an ignition interlock tells us that we must put technology between all offenders and their cars. Every state requires ignition interlock for some drunk driving offenders, but MADD urges all 50 states to require ignition interlocks for all offenders following a drunk driving offense. Twenty-five states have all-offender laws now. MADDs report shows how many times ignition interlocks have prevented drunk driving in each state. It also offers a call to action for each state to pass all-offender ignition interlock laws and a guide to improve existing all-offender laws. Details: Annapolis, MD: MADD, 2016. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 5, 2016 at: http://www.madd.org/drunk-driving/ignition-interlocks/reports/ Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.madd.org/drunk-driving/ignition-interlocks/reports/ Shelf Number: 138117 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock Devices Alcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the Influence Drunk Driving |
Author: Pepper, Melissa Title: Alcohol Abstinence Monitoring Requirement: A Process Review of the Proof of Concept Pilot Summary: As part of his 2012 manifesto pledge to introduce 'compulsory sobriety for drunken offenders', the Mayor of London successfully lobbied for legislation to allow for the introduction of the Alcohol Abstinence Monitoring Requirement (AAMR). The new sentencing power, introduced as part of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders (LASPO) Act 2012 allows courts to impose a requirement that an offender abstain from alcohol for a fixed time period of up to 120 days and be regularly tested, via a transdermal alcohol monitoring device in the form of a 'tag' fitted around the ankle, as part of a Community or Suspended Sentence Order. From July 2014, the Mayor's Office for Policing And Crime (MOPAC) conducted a 12 month proof of concept pilot in four boroughs (Croydon, Lambeth, Southwark and Sutton) which comprise the South London Local Justice Area. The aims of the pilot were: - To test how widely courts use the AAMR, and the technical processes within the criminal justice system. - To evidence compliance rates with the AAMR. - To evidence the effectiveness of 'transdermal tags' in monitoring alcohol abstinence. Utilising a range of methods including stakeholder and offender surveys, interviews with stakeholders and MOPAC officers, and analysis of performance monitoring data, this process review sets out learning from the 12 month (31 July 2014 - 30 July 2015) AAMR proof of concept pilot and helps to build the evidence base to inform discussions around further roll out of the AAMR across London and beyond. Details: London: Mayor of London, Office for Policing and Crime, 2016. 51p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 8, 2016 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aamr_final.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/aamr_final.pdf Shelf Number: 138128 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementCommunity SentenceDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingElectronic Monitoring |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Licensing Act 2003: Its uses and abuses 10 years on Summary: In this research project the Institute of Alcohol Studies (IAS) set out to assess the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 (hereon referred to as 'the Act') on the wider public sector 10 years after its implementation. IAS has been involved with the Act from its very beginning; while there was undoubtedly a real need for reform, at the time we cautioned that the proposals seemed: Likely to undermine rather than protect the public welfare and described the White Paper as 'confused and ambiguous.' In partnership with the Civic Trust, IAS founded 'Open All Hours?', a network of local residents' and amenity groups, to ensure their voice was heard in the policy process. This group lobbied in particular for the cumulative impact provision that was finally included in the guidance. On starting this project there appeared to be wide disagreement as to what licensing could and should to, whether it is regulatory or permissive, and whether it is narrowly administrative or guided by a wider view of the public good. We hope that this project will stimulate debate on these issues and lead to greater clarity for all involved in licensing. IAS wants to see licensing support diverse, inclusive and sustainable communities, without undermining local areas and putting undue pressure onto the public sector. Alcohol is used and enjoyed by many, but it can also be the cause of significant social and personal problems; licensing should have a key role to play in addressing and preventing many of these problems. In many respects the Act has resulted in continuity rather than change, yet this research found common complaints from local authorities who felt that it has caused them significant problems, particularly in regard to the off-trade. This report puts forward the view that the Act has been interpreted to the advantage of the licenced trade and there is a need to address some of the myths that have developed around the Act's use. Details: London: Institute of Alcohol Studies, 2016. 241p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2016 at: http://www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/IAS%20reports/rp22032016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/IAS%20reports/rp22032016.pdf Shelf Number: 138526 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Loudenburg, Roland Title: South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program Evaluation Supplemental Findings Report Summary: The South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program was developed in direct response to an overwhelming need to address repeat impaired driving offenses in South Dakota. The 24/7 Sobriety Program addresses the problem in a nontraditional manner by requiring impaired driving offenders to completely abstain from alcohol and provide breath tests twice daily at approximately 12 hour intervals. An external evaluation firm was engaged to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and an initial evaluation report was released in December 2011, which included data from 2005 thru December 2010. Since the release of the initial report, an additional year of recidivism data is available in order to evaluate the trends demonstrated in the initial report. This updated report evaluates and updates the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program's overall effectiveness in reducing DUI recidivism among PBTx2 participants through data review and statistical analysis. The report is prepared in conjunction with the South Dakota Attorney General's Office and the South Dakota Department of Public Safety. This report utilizes participant data maintained on the Attorney General's Office 24/7 Sobriety Program web based database (24/7 Database) and offender data maintained by the Unified Judicial System (UJS). Initial sections of the report provide a general description of the 24/7 Sobriety Program, participants, and a summary of test results for twice a day PBT testing (PBTx2). Later sections of the report focus on recidivism analysis of DUI offenders participating in PBTx2. In those later sections, DUI recidivism rates for program participants are compared to nonparticipants using three approaches. Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs is a serious public health and safety problem in the United States. In 2007, impaired drivers with a BAC (blood alcohol content) of .08 or above were responsible for 32% of all traffic fatalities. National statistics reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that approximately one-third of all first-time DUI offenders will have a second DUI offense. In addition, DUI offenders are more likely to be involved in future fatal car crashes than non-DUI offenders. Felony DUI offenses (a third or subsequent DUI offense within ten years of a DUI conviction), vehicular homicide and vehicular battery cases account for approximately 35% of all felony convictions in South Dakota. Between 1996 and 2007, felony DUI offenses and felony drug offenses accounted for approximately 60% of the total felony convictions in South Dakota. Analysis of South Dakota Department of Corrections data indicates that 12.56% of the state prison population is incarcerated for a DUI offense . In FY2011, 90% of men and 95% of women sentenced to the South Dakota Penitentiary had an alcohol or illegal drug dependency. To date, traditional DUI offense intervention efforts that include a combination of education and sanctions report only a modest 7% - 9% reduction in recidivism rates for future impaired driving offenses. While generic alcohol ignition interlock devices are effective while physically installed within an individual's vehicle, recidivism rates are not sustained after removal of the device. More effective strategies to reduce repeat impaired driving offenses are necessary. In 2011, Administrative Rule 2:06 was updated to include the use of ignition interlock devices. With an additional year of data, South Dakota's effort to address DUI recidivism through the 24/7 Sobriety Program continues to show results. The PBTx2 test result data examined in this evaluation reveals that individuals are maintaining a very high level of sobriety while on the 24/7 Sobriety Program. With a sample size of just over 1 million recorded PBTx2 test results, only .6% was recorded as a Failure. Over 53% of the 4,680 24/7 Sobriety Program participants in the sample did not fail a PBTx2 test, and only 9.4% had four or more Failures during a testing period that averaged approximately 120 days. An analysis of PBTx2 participants compared to control groups shows a continued pattern of lower recidivism rates by participants, and suggests that the program clearly has a sustained effect on recidivism rates after program completion. PBTx2 participants generally had lower recidivism rates at one, two, three, and four years when compared to controls. Notably, 12.7% of DUI 2nd offenders not on the program committed another DUI offense within three years, while only 5.9% of the 24/7 Sobriety Program participants committed another DUI within a three-year period. The lower recidivism rate for participating DUI 2nd offenders is statistically significant. The analysis also suggests the 24/7 Sobriety Program is statistically significant in lowering recidivism for DUI offenders who remain on the program for 30 or more consecutive days. Details: Salem, SD: Mountain Plains Evaluation, 2012. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 26, 2016 at: http://apps.sd.gov/atg/dui247/AnalysisSupplementalSD24.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://apps.sd.gov/atg/dui247/AnalysisSupplementalSD24.pdf Shelf Number: 146105 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholismDriving Under the Influence (South Dakota)Drunk DrivingIgnition InterlockRecidivism |
Author: Talpins, Stephen K. Title: The 24/7 Sobriety Program Expansion Project Summary: I. Introduction South Dakota’s 24/7 Sobriety Project is one of the most progressive programs in the country. Conceived of and administered by Attorney General Larry Long, this award-winning program offers several benefits. It has: reduced recidivism; improved public safety; provided an alternative to incarceration and reduced the number of people in local jails; allowed offenders to remain in the community with their family and friends; permitted offenders to maintain employment; cut jail and prison populations; and saved tax dollars by combining enhanced monitoring with real accountability. Offenders pay for their services. Accordingly, although the program was seeded through multiple legislative appropriations, it will be fully self-sustaining by the end of 2009. The Attorney General, several state agencies and local sheriffs, are partnering with the National Partnership on Alcohol Misuse and Crime (NPAMC) to create a national model that integrates evidence and consensus based solutions involving brief screening and interventions, formal assessments, and treatment and employing contingency management with the expectation of achieving even more profound results. Details: a.l.: National Partnership on Alcohol Misuse and Crime, 2016. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2016 at: https://cdpsdocs.state.co.us/ccjj/Committees/DrugTF/Handout/SD24-7SobrietyProgramExpansionProj_0309.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://cdpsdocs.state.co.us/ccjj/Committees/DrugTF/Handout/SD24-7SobrietyProgramExpansionProj_0309.pdf Shelf Number: 141152 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholismDriving Under the Influence (South Dakota)Drunk DrivingRecidivism |
Author: Greenway Transportation Planning Title: Minnesota Ignition Interlock Program Evaluation: Final Report Summary: Although there have been trending reductions in impaired driving fatalities over the past few years, Driving While Impaired (DWI) arrests and impaired driving fatalities are still a problem in the US. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported 9,967 alcohol-impaired driving fatalities in 2014, which accounted for 31% of total fatal traffic crashes (NHTSA 2015). In 2015 NHTSA reported that 35,092 people died in motor vehicle traffic crashes, an increase of 7.2 percent over the 32,744 fatalities reported in 2014. This is the largest percentage increase in nearly 50 years. Impaired driving is a serious problem in Minnesota. In 2014, 111 people were killed in alcohol-related crashes. This accounted for 31% of all traffic fatalities in Minnesota. In 2015, the number rose. One hundred thirty-seven people were killed, more than 2,203 were injured, and costs amounted to more than $285 million. In an attempt to deter motorists from driving while impaired and thereby enhancing road safety, the use of ignition interlocks became law in Minnesota on July 1, 2011 with Minnesota Statutes 171.306 - Ignition Interlock Device Program. Research has shown that interlock programs reduce the incidence of impaired driving when an interlock device is installed in the vehicle. A study of New Mexico's interlock program found that offenders who participated in the program had a 61% lower recidivism rate while the device was in use in their vehicle, and a 39% lower recidivism rate following the removal of the interlock compared to offenders who never had the device installed (Marques et al. 2010). The goal of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of the interlock program in Minnesota and provide a comprehensive report to the Minnesota Office of Traffic Safety (OTS) based on the results of the evaluation. Details: St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Office of Traffic Safety, 2016. 160p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 1, 2017 at: https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ots/reports-statistics/Documents/mn-iid-eval.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ots/reports-statistics/Documents/mn-iid-eval.pdf Shelf Number: 140777 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingIgnition Interlock Program |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere? Addressing physical availability of alcohol in Australia and the UK Summary: Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) have observed an enormous increase in the availability of alcohol since the 1980s. There has been huge growth in the number and types of places at which alcohol can be purchased, and in the times of the day and week transactions can take place. Over this period, there has also been a substantial increase in alcohol purchases for consumption off-premises, a shift partly driven by the increasing cost ratio of on- versus off-premise drinks. The on-premises trade has responded by shifting business models. Some adjustments, such as increased food offerings, are likely to place downward pressure on rates of harm. However, the greater competition can also push up rates of harm, as marginal operators compete with bulk and cheap promotions. The net result seems to have been relatively stable per capita consumption, but an increased awareness of harms associated with drinking. The political response to increasing public concern has focused predominantly on late-night violence and the broad notion of community amenity. Cracking down on drink driving was an earlier manifestation of this kind of response to visible problems involving a large number of ambulance attendances and emergency department presentations. Pressure on the political system has produced a variety of policies targeting the temporal availability of alcohol. The high profile of alcohol-related street violence in Australia in particular, has driven restrictions on the sale of particular products or in certain forms late at night. Both Australia and the UK have initiatives attempting to address the cumulative impact of licensed businesses to maintain community amenity. The UK has also produced schemes such as 'reducing the strength' to encourage voluntary restrictions on particular products. Political will for meaningful reform has regularly been limited by the enormous power and sophisticated lobby of the alcohol and hospitality industries. Much of the policy debate in Australia has surrounded the late night trade of alcohol. With debate focusing on events at 4am, it has remained peripheral to the great majority of Australians who are in bed at that time. Similarly, progress on cumulative and community impact has been largely ineffective. Policies have focused on whether and where further licences will be issued rather than reducing the number of licences, which has not been an issue which governments have been willing to consider. The breadth of harm associated with alcohol demands targeted measures and consideration of alcohol policy across a variety of domains. The multifaceted nature of domestic violence and chronic disease, for example, mean policies addressing alcohol's role in these issues are both challenging to develop and sometimes overlooked. A recurrent surprise has been that a relatively strong measure aimed at visible problems on the street - for instance, drink driving - unexpectedly has an effect in reducing rates of domestic violence. Details: London and Canberra: Institute of Alcohol Studies and the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2017. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2017 at: www.ias.org.uk/ Year: 2017 Country: International URL: www.ias.org.uk/ Shelf Number: 145902 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law Enforcement Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNight-Time Economy |
Author: Traffic Injury Research Foundation Title: 2016 Annual Ignition Interlock Survey: United States Summary: The Traffic Injury Research Foundation USA, Inc. (TIRF USA) in partnership with the Association of Ignition Interlock Program Administrators (AIIPA) and TIRF in Canada conducted a national survey in 2016 of the number of installed and active ignition interlocks in the United States (U.S.). These data provide a comprehensive picture of interlock installations across the U.S. and are a useful benchmark for state ignition interlock program administrators and the impaired driving community to measure interlock usage and growth in interlock programs on an annual basis. Drunk driving fatalities decreased 51 percent from 1982 to 2015, but it seems progress has been eroded in recent years. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), there were 1,089,171 DWI arrests in 2015. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported 10,265 alcohol-impaired driving fatalities in 2015 which accounted for 29% of total fatalities. This is a 3.2 percent increase from 2014, compared to an overall increase in fatalities of 7.2 percent (NHTSA 2016). Interlock programs have been proven to reduce impaired driving while the interlock is installed in the vehicle. Furthermore, interlocks are associated with a reduction in DWI deaths of up to 15% (see: Kaufman & Wiebe 2016; Lucas et al. 2016; Vanlaar et al. 2017; McGinty et al. 2017) and reductions in DWI recidivism (McCartt et al. 2013). Increasing program participation is paramount to reduce impaired driving fatalities and injuries. A NHTSA study of 28 state interlock programs revealed that there were eight interlock program components which may increase interlock use (Casanova Powell et al. 2016). The feature that was found to have the highest correlation with increasing interlock use was implementing a strong interlock requirement and/or incentive in legislation or policy. All states and the District of Columbia have some form of interlock law that includes either judicial discretion or an administrative requirement or a hybrid of the two. States are encouraged to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their interlock programs. As a result, there have been several interlock law changes over the past few years. To illustrate, in 2014, Alabama, Mississippi, and Missouri passed a law requiring all DWI offenders to install an interlock. Indiana also passed legislation requiring ignition interlocks for repeat offenders, and to allow judges to order interlocks for first-time offenders. South Carolina passed Emma's Law, which requires all high-BAC (0.15) offenders to install an interlock. In 2015, Delaware, and Texas passed an all DWI offender law requiring an interlock. In addition, Kentucky strengthened its ignition interlock law which required an interlock for repeat offenders, high-BAC (0.15) first offenders and offenders who refuse a chemical alcohol test. In 2016, Vermont and Washington D.C. passed an all offender interlock law, and Maryland passed "Noah's law", an all offender law with a five-star rating from MADD (MADD 2017). Details: Hamden, CT: TIRF, 2017. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 14, 2017 at: http://tirf.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/TIRF-USA-Annual-Interlock-SurveyReport-19.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://tirf.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/TIRF-USA-Annual-Interlock-SurveyReport-19.pdf Shelf Number: 146101 Keywords: Alcohol Interlock DevicesAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Impaired DrivingDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingIgnition Interlock ProgramTraffic Safety |
Author: Miller, Peter Title: Dealing with alcohol-related harm and the night-time economy (DANTE): final report Summary: The 'Dealing with alcohol-related harm and the night-time economy (DANTE)' study compared the effectiveness of alcohol-related crime prevention measures put in place between 2005 and 2010 through licensing regulation in Newcastle (NSW) and the voluntary programs run in Geelong (Victoria). The study reviewed hospital, police and ambulance records to evaluate the rates of alcohol-related harm. 4000 patron interviews and 129 unannounced venue observations were undertaken and community attitudes towards alcohol-related harm and the available policy options were also canvassed. Across this very large range of data, the key findings were that a substantial amount of harm was associated with pre-drinking and that measures that dealt directly with alcohol consumption employed in Newcastle, such as restricted trading hours, were the most effective in reducing alcohol-related crime. The study found such measures need to be implemented across all venues, rather than just a specific venues to ensure a level-playing field for business and act as a vehicle for culture change amongst patrons. A range of interventions analysed in the study were found ineffective, including: the introduction of ID scanners, improved communication between venues and police and education campaigns (which were voluntary in Geelong). Strong, consistent policing using substantial personal fines was also found effective, but requires policing levels which are seldom sustained. Illicit drug use is fairly low, but does predict greater experience of violence and harm. The community surveys revealed that most people believed alcohol was a problem in their entertainment precincts and that nine out of ten people believed licenced venues should shut by 3am. There was similar support for more police on the street. The study concluded that while night-time economies, such as nightclubs and bars, are an important part of our urban and regional centres they are also places where violence and injury occur at great cost to the community. Using policies based on the evidence of this and other independent research can help create safe and vibrant night-time entertainment districts. Details: Sydney: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2012. 214p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph: Series No. 43: Accessed October 20, 2017 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph43.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph43.pdf Shelf Number: 137616 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderNight-time Economy |
Author: Lucke, Roy E. Title: Illinois Secretary of State Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device (BAIID): program evaluation and final report Summary: This report evaluates the effectiveness of the Illinois Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device (BAIID) pilot program. This pilot program was initiated in June of 1994 and is still in effect. The primary focus of the study is the comparison of a control group (no interlock device) to a group who used the BAIID. Participants in the study were all multiple DUI offenders who have been granted limited driving relief through a Restricted Driving Permit (RDP) before potential reinstatement of full driving privileges. The report contains five chapters: - Chapter 1 introduces the report and provides some background information; - Chapter 2 contains a review of the literature; - Chapter 3 describes the Illinois BAIID program; - Chapter 4 contains the results of the evaluation; and - Chapter 5 summarizes recommendations arising from the evaluation. This report is based on two earlier documents. The first was completed by Etzkorn and Martin1 and was intended as a preliminary report on the effectiveness of the BAIID devices. Information in this report relating to the origins of the BAIID program and operations of the pilot program are based on that report. A discussion comparing findings of that preliminary evaluation and the current evaluation can be found in Chapter 4. A companion to this report was completed by Lucke, Wark, and Raub under the same contract that funded this study. Its purpose was to provide guidance to the Secretary of State on ending the pilot phase of the BAIID program, making the Illinois program compliant with federal guidelines, reviewing similar programs in other states, and providing options for the future of the Illinois BAIID program. The literature review from that report was updated for this study. Details: Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, Center for Public Safety, 2001. 2 vols. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2018 at: http://www.popcenter.org/library/scp/pdf/232-Raub.pdf Year: 2001 Country: United States URL: http://www.popcenter.org/library/scp/pdf/232-Raub.pdf Shelf Number: 149423 Keywords: Alcohol Ignition InterlocksAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk DrivingIgnition Interlock Program |
Author: Davidson, Neil Title: Space, place and policing in Scotland's night-time economy Summary: There is a growing political discourse in Scotland acknowledging alcohol to be a significant contributor to crime. A significant portion of this is directly related to the evening and night-time drinking based leisure industry i.e. the night-time economy (NTE). The NTE is often characterised by violent and disorderly behaviour concentrated in and around pubs and nightclubs ('hotspots') on weekend nights presenting considerable public health, criminal justice and urban management issues. Recently the political rhetoric has been backed up by new legislation in an attempt to counterbalance what was previously a market-driven economy. There now exists various crime reduction partnerships and situational crime prevention technologies to restrict and control certain behaviours and the presence and movements of persons and groups. This research project has specifically focused on the role of police in this rapidly changing regulatory NTE context. Combining data gathered from participant observation sessions with front-line police and in-depth interviews with multiple NTE stakeholders in a multi-site comparison study across Scotland, this research project provides a robust evidential base from which to analyses and interpret policing of the NTE at the national and local scales using various conceptual frameworks of contemporary policing in western societies. What my findings have shown is that front-line officers have adapted their police work in order to suit the specific context within which they are operating. I have termed this specific variation on traditional understandings of 'cop culture' as being the 'street craft of policing the NTE'. Furthermore, while this street craft was evident across all three case study areas, the extremely tangled and convoluted nature of local security provision at the local scale necessitates that front-line officers adapt this street craft to meet the local specificities of their respective NTEs. Details: Dundee, UK: University of Dundee, 2011. 338p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Shelf Number: 150344 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime and PlaceCrime HotspotsDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-time Economy |
Author: Knight, Victoria Title: Engaging with the Night Time Economy Community: Finding Ways to Enhance Violence Reduction Across Leicester City Summary: This report documents the outcome of a series of consultations with the night time economy community in Leicester city. Its focus was to explore the ways in which this community and its stakeholders views and responds to the incidence of violent crime. The report describes the rationale and approach to understanding violent crime in the night time economy in the context of Leicester city. A number of key messages and themes have been identified as a result of this consultation. These messages have helped to secure a number of priorities to assist with violence reduction in the night time economy and more broadly enhance harm reduction associated with alcohol consumption. The report captures what Leicester city is doing well and highlights additional areas to enhance good practice for all stakeholders. A consolidated and joint approach is imperative to securing good working relationships across the night time community in order for it succeed. This executive summary highlights the key points of the full report. Rationale and Approach to the Consultation Violent crime reduction has been identified as a priority for the Safer Leicestershire Partnership. Common assault was identified as an area which required attention in Leicester's city centre and the West of the City. It was also observed that common assault and other violent crime was occurring more frequently during the night time periods, especially those where individuals visit these areas to consume alcohol. An audit of the night time economy in 2011 highlighted a number of complex issues associated with violence and the night time economy. In addition Leicestershire police conducted a review of violent crime data in the night time economy in 2011. Although useful, it was recognised that a much deeper understanding of the practices of key stakeholders was necessary in order to develop strategies to bring about harm minimization and a safer night time experience for all stakeholders. A series of consultations occurred in 2012 which was led by an independent researcher from De Montfort University. Key stakeholders who included licensees, door supervisors, police, clinical staff, volunteers and key strategic and operational staff took part in a series of group discussions to describe their practice and their views on violence reduction. What Research says about Violence in the Night Time Economy The causes and impact of violence in the night time economy have been closely associated with the consumption of alcohol. Using geographical techniques research has identified that violence increases during 'hot times' and in 'hot spots'. Extended opportunities to consume more alcohol as a result of relaxed licensing hours have also been attributed to an increase in violent crime. Injury is an outcome for some of the violence that occurs during these times and more recently clinical data has been used to understand the scale of violent crime. It is widely acknowledged that the extent of violence is not fully understood, with a large proportion going unreported. Significant contributors to violent crime in the night time economy include; drunkennessexacerbated by long drinking periods extended by 'pre-' and 'back-' loading and the availability of cheap alcohol, previous involvement in violence, drinking in single sex groups, young and male. Violence is also increased in spaces where crowds can gather, where loud music is played and in standing-only venues. Police typically employ two generic models of policing for the night time economy; community/preventative policing and reactive/fast response. Together these use intelligence and knowledge of the community to deliver their services. Clinical provision typically provides static care within A&E departments. More recently mobile and specialist units have been deployed at night time periods to slow down entrants to A&E. Research indicates that the night time periods have demanded an increase in staffing to manage an increase in alcohol related injury. Some departments now provide alcohol specialist nurses, alcohol screening tool, and joint working with police officers to promote harm minimization. Door supervisors contribute significantly to the regulation of the night time economy. Volunteers like Street Pastors provide additional pastoral care for vulnerable night time users. A range of prevention and intervention strategies have been trialed and implemented to assist with violence reduction in night time economy contexts. These include practices and techniques adopted by licensees and door supervisors such training for dealing with drunkenness, drinks or entry refusal and ID checking. The adoption of banning patrons, using plastic glasses instead of glass and pub/club watch initiatives. Policing has also used high visibility techniques to increase police presence, test purchasing, targeting hot spots and vulnerable venues, the use of dispersal orders and training the drinks industry. Local government initiatives include coordinated transport arrangements, multi-agency working, temporary road closures and replacing conventional street lighting with 'white lighting'. Public health interventions include harm minimization awareness campaigns and alcohol screening tools. Key Findings Maintaining standards across the night time economy is achieved through compliance with regulations and good practice. Balancing safety and working within resources and creating a healthy economy can be a challenge. There is a strong desire to maintain and extend standards. Barriers to this included lack of understanding about other services, working relationships, ability to invest in better practice and access to support. Good practice includes: coordinated forum through Citywatch to access support, advice and their radio service, licensee practices within venues to maintain compliance with Licensing Act, the city's shared agreement not to sell alcohol cheaply, designing in environmental features to keep night time visitors calm in venues, use of experienced and legitimate door supervisors, regulation of the security industry, joint local partnership between licensing and specialist licensing officers, focused policing- licensing officers and dedicated night time economy responsive teams, high visibility policing in hot spots, joint police and paramedic mobile unit- POLAMB, availability of voluntary services. Access and availability of training is limited across the city for all stakeholders. Despite training being available, this is uncoordinated and lacks consolidation. There is a desire for more frequent and diverse training to enhance knowledge and practice. The supply of alcohol across the city that exacerbates drunkenness and disorder has brought about a stigmatization of the industry and for licensees and door supervisors this has meant they are unable to promote their professionalism more extensively. There is evidence to support that licensees and door supervisors do accept a duty of care for their customers but it was felt this was not widespread or acknowledged by other stakeholders. Dealing with difficult situations as a result of drunkenness is a pressure point for all stakeholders. Stakeholders are routinely subjected to abuse (verbal and physical) from night time visitors. Stakeholders who used the Citywatch radio felt that this facility should be used more to help tackle these issues and help other services and visitors to keep safe There is some frustration about the ways in which offenders of crime and anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Confidence in the Section 27 disposal (dispersal order) is limited. All stakeholders expressed some misunderstandings about what other services can do. As a result disproportionate expectations of services have emerged. Achieving trust and sound working relationships between services is limited by lack of understanding, negative experiences of services, stigma and ability to forge relationships based on time and resources. The night time economy in Leicester is diverse in terms of places (including types of venues), people and behaviour. Open and transparent communication and targeting the right resources to the right places at the right time can enhance this. Problems arise when crowds are able to gather, transport remains limited, extended availability of alcohol (including off-licenses), litter is allowed to gather, response times are delayed by accessibility issues and the availability of food is limited. Competing agendas between stakeholders is a barrier to enhancing working relationships and subsequent partnerships. Limited resources were identified as a significant barrier. Details: Leicester, UK: Leicester City Council, 2012. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/9336/Engaging%20with%20the%20Night%20Time%20Economy%20Community%20Full%20Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/9336/Engaging%20with%20the%20Night%20Time%20Economy%20Community%20Full%20Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 150347 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social DisorderNight-Time EconomyViolenceViolent Crime |