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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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Results for alcoholism
34 results foundAuthor: Cullen, Niamh Title: Street Drinking in Hounslow: The Results of a Survey Commissioned by Hounslow Drug and Alcohol Action Team and the Metropolitan Police Service to Map the Nature and Prevalence of Street Drinking in the London Borough of Hounslow Summary: This report describes the results of a survey undertaken to map the nature and prevalence of street drinking in the London Borough of Hounslow. Street drinkers, members of the public, local service providers and others (e.g. shopkeepers) were interviewed during the summer of 2005. Several types of street drinking were identified across the borough. The static groups of street drinkers were generally male, single, unemployed and living in their own (rented) accommodation. Not being homeless, they gave volitional reasons for drinking in the street, centered on social aspects. The majority are not engaged with local alcohol services. They are long term heavy drinkers who share the profile of those who make up the high incidence of alcohol related deaths in Hounslow. They do not have access to harm minimisation nor prevention advice. Half the group said they did not do all their drinking on the street, suggesting alternatives may be possible. Public concern was mainly with the visibility of the group and the negative impact this was perceived to have on the community, most felt street drinkers required “help”. Evidence from areas that have experienced street drinking related problems suggest a multi-agency approach to street drinking, that encompasses enforcement tactics, environmental improvements and service provision. Given the relatively ‘static’ nature and size of this population it is possible that a period of coordinated intensive intervention is likely to make a significant impact on the levels of street activity in the area. Details: Hounslow, UK: Hounslow Drug and Alcohol Action Team, 2005. 45p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119401 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Loudenburg, Roland Title: South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program Evaluation Findings Report Summary: The South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program was developed in direct response to the overwhelming need to address repeat impaired driving offenses in South Dakota. The 24/7 Sobriety Program addresses the problem in a nontraditional manner. An external evaluation firm was engaged to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. This report is the first to evaluate the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program's effect on DUI recidivism. This report evaluates the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program’s overall effectiveness in reducing DUI recidivism among PBTx2 participants through data review and statistical analysis. The report is prepared in conjunction with the South Dakota Attorney General's Office and the South Dakota Department of Public Safety. This report utilizes participant data maintained on the Attorney General’s Office 24/7 Sobriety Program web based database (24/7 Database) and offender data maintained by the Unified Judicial System (UJS). Initial sections of the report provide a general description of the 24/7 Sobriety Program, participants, and a summary of test results for twice a day PBT testing (PBTx2). Later sections of the report focus on recidivism analysis of DUI offenders participating in PBTx2. In those later sections, DUI recidivism rates for program participants are compared to nonparticipants using three approaches. Details: Salem, SD: Mountain Plains Evaluation, LLC, 2010. 36p. Source: Internet Resoruce: Accessed March 17, 2011 at: http://atg.sd.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=yDN959bSoXE%3D&tabid=442 Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://atg.sd.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=yDN959bSoXE%3D&tabid=442 Shelf Number: 121055 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholismDriving Under the Influence (South Dakota)Drunk DrivingRecidivism |
Author: Wolfson, Mark Title: National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Randomized Community Trial Summary: This is the final report of the National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program Randomized Community Trial, covering the entire project period (2003-2009). The report describes the goals and objectives of the study, outlines the design and methods used in the evaluation, and summarizes the results. In addition, it provides a discussion of challenges and accomplishments of the study, as well as recommendations for future research and practice. The report is divided into eight major sections. Section 1: Executive Summary Section 2: Overview and Methods Section 3: Grant Requirements Section 4: Impact Evaluation Results Section 5: Process Evaluation Results Section 6: Sustainability Section 7: Late Breaking Crash Analyses Section 8: Conclusions and Recommendations Section 9: Appendices Details: Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, 2011. 196p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/236176.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/236176.pdf Shelf Number: 123320 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingUnderage Drinking (U.S.) |
Author: Templeton, Lorna Title: Think Family Safely: Enhancing the Response of Alcohol Services to Domestic Abuse and Families Summary: Alcohol misuse and domestic violence are strongly correlated, but significant gaps remain in effective working between the alcohol and domestic violence sectors. Funded by the Big Lottery Fund, the three year Embrace Project (2008-2011) was set up to develop and evaluate a new model of good practice for alcohol services, to raise awareness of these overlapping issues at a national level, and to develop resources and learning which can be disseminated across the alcohol, domestic abuse and family sectors. This is the final evaluation report for the Embrace Project. The external evaluation offers a broad, independent evaluation of work of the Embrace Team, the work at the nine pilot sites, and the extent to which the Embrace project achieved a wider dissemination of the Embrace model. This final report covers the full period of the project and is based on a range of data collected during that time. This includes documentary evidence, qualitative data collected by the Embrace Team, 31 interviews conducted for the external evaluation, case studies submitted by the pilot sites, and evaluation data collected by the Embrace Team from the Can of Worms training events. Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2011. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 2, 2012 at: http://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/assets/files/Embrace/Yr%203%20Eval%20report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/assets/files/Embrace/Yr%203%20Eval%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 124350 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.)Alcohol Treatment ProgramsAlcoholismDomestic Violence |
Author: Hornick, Joseph P. Title: An Evaluation of Yukon's Community Wellness Court Summary: The Yukon Community Wellness Court (CWC) is a therapeutic court model that is designed to work with offenders to address the underlying, root causes of their offending behaviour. The Court was established in May 2007 as a response to the recognition that a substantial proportion of offenders in the Yukon have underlying issues related to wellness such as alcohol and drug addictions, mental health problems, or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This report presents results of a comprehensive process and summative outcome evaluation analysis designed to monitor and test the effectiveness of the CWC. More specifically, the evaluation objectives were as follows: (1) to identify whether the Community Wellness Court and program continues to be implemented as planned; and (2) to determine the effectiveness of the Community Wellness Court process and program at achieving their objectives. Details: Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family, 2011. 129p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 14, 2012 at: Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 125263 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug OffendersMentally Ill OffendersProblem-Solving Courts (Yukon, Canada) |
Author: Johnson, Ernest L. Title: Alcohol and Crime in Wyoming: 2011 Summary: This report contains an analysis of alcohol-related arrest information collected in all twenty-three counties in Wyoming during a twelve-month time period (January 1, through December 31, 2011) by the Wyoming Association of Sheriffs and Chiefs of Police. Information was collected from a total of 19,003 persons who were arrested and subsequently detained in a county detention facility. The alcohol-related arrest data contained in this report provides a detailed, statistical picture of the impact of alcohol abuse on crime in Wyoming. The profile of the average person taken to jail in Wyoming continues to be relatively consistent with previous years. Eight out of ten times it was a male – average age 35. Ten percent of the time it was an out-ofstate visitor and 6% of the time it was an in-state visitor. Juvenile arrests that resulted in detention in a county detention facility accounted for less than 2% of the total custodial arrests. A review of the data collected from persons arrested and subsequently taken to jail indicates that Wyoming continues to be relatively safe from what is generally considered to be “serious” crime. The number of persons who are arrested for felonies are relatively low when compared to the number of persons arrested for minor crimes (misdemeanors). Felony arrests accounted for 7% of the total arrests statewide. Details: Gillette, WY: Wyoming Association of Sheriffs and Chiefs of police, 2012. 54p., supp. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2012 at: jandaconsulting.com Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 125629 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse and Crime (Wyoming)Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crimes, DisorderAlcoholism |
Author: Velleman, Richard: Reuber, Danielle Title: Domestic Violence and Abuse experienced by Children and Young People living in Families with Alcohol Problems. Results from a Cross-European Study Summary: Children and young people living in families where parents have significant problems with alcohol are often very badly affected. They have a range of very negative experiences, and often develop problems and psychological and/or physical symptoms as a result. Similarly, children and young people growing up in families where there are significant problems with domestic violence or aggression are also often badly affected: they also often experience a range of distressing incidents, and also often develop problems of their own as a result. It is well known that the incidence of domestic violence and aggression is much higher in families where there are also alcohol problems; but very little research has been undertaken on the impact of both of these family problems on children and young people. Although many children and young people do develop problems as a result of both of these family upbringings, a significant minority do not. They seem to be resilient. This project set out to look at children and young people across Europe, to discover what impacts having parents with both of these problems combined had on children, and then to suggest ways of improving practice and policy, within individual countries and across the EU, that would help these children. Experts in issues relating to addiction or violence within the family from eleven institutions located within ten EU states participated in planning and overseeing this project: Germany, where experts also coordinated the project, and Austria, England, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Malta, Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Details: Cologne, Germany: Catholic University of Applied Sciences North-Rhine Westphalia, 2007. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 17, 2012 at: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/11965/1/Encare_ParentalAlcoholProblems.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Europe URL: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/11965/1/Encare_ParentalAlcoholProblems.pdf Shelf Number: 101391 Keywords: Alcohol Use and AbuseAlcoholismChild Abuse and Neglect (Europe)Child MaltreatmentDomestic ViolenceFamily Violence |
Author: Hudson, Sara Title: Alcohol Restrictions in Indigenous Communities and Frontier Towns Summary: Double standards in the responsible serving of alcohol have contributed to the growing alcohol problem in remote Indigenous communities, and are one reason why alcohol restrictions are now in place in communities across the Far North. But until the same standards are applied everywhere, there is no way of knowing whether such restrictions are really necessary. More controls on alcohol will have little effect until all the double standards that permeate Aboriginal people’s lives are addressed. Australia has a long history of treating Aboriginal people differently. First they were subjected to discriminatory laws that prevented them from living where they chose, drinking legally, voting, and being paid a fair wage. When these inequitable laws were finally abolished, they were replaced by equally damaging affirmative action and ‘culturally appropriate’ separatist policies. Denied the same educational and housing opportunities provided to others, remote Indigenous Australians have become increasingly reliant on the state to meet their every need. The harmful effects of excessive alcohol consumption are a problem across Australia but more pronounced in many Aboriginal communities because nearly every resident is reliant on welfare. The absence of a real economy and appropriate controls on alcohol has created social environments where welfare payments are spent on alcohol and heavy drinking has become endemic. Few canteens on Indigenous lands and taverns in remote areas serve alcohol responsibly, with devastating results for communities. Aurukun was once described as a ‘liveable and vibrant community,’ but following the introduction of a regular supply of alcohol and no controls on its use, levels of violence, abuse and neglect skyrocketed. In 2000, the town’s homicide rate was estimated at 120 times the state average. In the 1970s, increasing liberalisation of liquor licensing laws saw an increase in the number of liquor outlets and extended opening hours of premises. Along with an increase in the total number of licensed premises, there was an increase in the numbers of licenses to sell takeaway alcohol. As a result, per capita consumption of pure alcohol in Australia grew rapidly in the 1970s (from an average of 9.3 litres in 1961 to a peak of 13.1 litres per person in 1974–75). Since then, state and territory liquor authorities have tried to offset this increasing liberalisation with new legislation to mitigate the harms caused by excessive alcohol consumption. This has contributed to the overall reduction in total per capita consumption of alcohol nationwide to around 10 litres of alcohol, but the Far North has not followed these trends. Per capita alcohol consumption in the Northern Territory remains high (14.35 litres in 2006–07), with the average consumption among Indigenous Territorians even higher at 16.1 litres. Many Indigenous people (particularly women) are concerned at the level of harm caused by excessive alcohol consumption and have used Aboriginal land and liquor legislation to restrict and even ban alcohol. The decision to introduce additional restrictions should be up to communities to decide, through a democratic process where everyone gets a voice no matter how marginalised they are. The problem is what to do in places where alcohol causes significant problems and communities do not want to be ‘dry’ or restrict alcohol. Community initiatives to introduce alcohol restrictions have been followed by territory, state and Commonwealth initiatives, including the Queensland government’s Alcohol Management Plans in Cape York and the federal government’s Northern Territory Intervention (NTI) in 2007 that introduced alcohol prohibitions in ‘73’ prescribed communities. The NTI restrictions have proven ineffective: they have increased ‘sly-grogging,’ displaced the drinking problem to ‘drinking paddocks’ on the outskirts of communities, and increased the number of homeless or itinerant drinkers in the larger towns and cities where alcohol is freely available. Drinking to extreme intoxication often occurs in ‘drinking camps’ on town fringes where there are no formal controls. Until recently, their existence has been unofficially tolerated because it has served everyone’s interests to segregate Aboriginal drinkers. Non-Indigenous people do not want them in the pubs and taverns in towns, and Indigenous drinkers have enjoyed the freedom and perceived the tacit license to do what they like as a minor victory over those who disapprove of their drinking and behaviour. However, recent concerns about the increasing numbers of itinerant drinkers coming to Alice Springs and causing problems have led to suggestions for more ‘wet canteens’ or ‘clubs’ in communities. The idea of drinking in a controlled environment, where people can consume alcohol with food and enjoy other recreational activities, has its merits but the failure of past experiences must be kept in mind. If on-premise options are to be a viable means of reducing the harms associated with drinking takeaway alcohol, then their risks need close attention. Poor governance and management is likely to be an issue. The pressure on such enterprises to produce profits for the community’s benefit could make them reluctant to regulate the sale of alcohol. Clubs also risk continuing (and institutionalising) racially segregated drinking, with the potential for different (lower) standards in the responsible serving of alcohol. In Fitzroy Crossing and Halls Creek, where the impetus for alcohol restrictions came from strong local women and where responsible serving of alcohol is now being enforced, there has been a noticeable decline (between 20% and 40%) in the number of alcohol-related crimes and alcohol-related admissions to hospitals. Having stricter controls on alcohol has made these towns more pleasant places to live, but the restrictions have not addressed the reasons why people are drinking in the first place. Controls on alcohol supply help mitigate the harms that alcohol causes, but they will not solve the alcohol problem. Restrictions may act as a circuit breaker and provide a ‘breathing space’ for other changes to occur, but they do very little for problem drinkers who will continue to try and obtain alcohol through other means. Alcohol restrictions should go hand in hand with proper enforcement and initiatives that address the underlying causes of the problem, not just the symptoms. Unfortunately, in all the states and territories where alcohol restrictions have been introduced, government has failed or been slow to deliver on promised rehabilitation programs and on real and substantive reforms to education, employment and housing. As a result some residents have transferred their addiction to other drugs and others have found ways to circumvent the law by bringing alcohol in illegally. The gradual erosion of the benefits of alcohol restrictions highlights the futility of introducing restrictions without addressing the aimlessness and boredom of lives lived on welfare. Details: St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Centre for Independent Studies, 2011. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: CIS Policy Monograph 116: Accessed August 10, 2012 at: http://cis.org.au/images/stories/policy-monographs/pm-116.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://cis.org.au/images/stories/policy-monographs/pm-116.pdf Shelf Number: 125952 Keywords: AboriginalsAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Alcohol RestrictionsAlcoholismIndigenous Peoples |
Author: Moore, Simon Title: A Multi-Agency Community-Based Intervention to Reduce Excessive Drinking in Cardiff City Centre Summary: This project’s purpose was the reduction of alcohol-related harm in Cardiff city centre through a sustainable community-based intervention. The project developed existing methodologies (Holder 2000) to examine levels of intoxication in Cardiff city centre, audit hotspot city centre locations and individual drinkers for binge drinking and disorder and to share this information with key partners. The project used three strategies to reduce alcohol-related problems in Cardiff city centre: Development and implementation of city centre and individual risk assessments (including an alcometer survey). Improvement of the regulation of licensed premises and reduction of alcohol miss-selling through feedback of risk assessments to licensees and the Cardiff Community Safety Partnership (CCSP: including the licensing committee). Provision of funded licensed premises server training to staff. Drinker and environmental surveys were carried out between the hours of 11 pm and 3am on one Friday and one Saturday each month for twelve months. Surveyors questioned and breathalysed respondents, and audited the immediate environment for evidence of disorder and risk. The project brought together licensees, South Wales Police, Cardiff Substance Misuse Action Team and Cardiff University to tackle alcohol misuse and disorder in Cardiff city centre in the context of existing, well-developed partnership activity. The project successfully engaged the local community, including bar staff, through a positive media campaign and targeted server training. The public campaign emphasised the positive aspects of Cardiff and how disorder and alcohol misuse were being successfully targeted through this and other community interventions. Details: London: Alcohol Education and Research Council, UK: 2006. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0036.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0036.pdf Shelf Number: 125990 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Alcoholism |
Author: Streker, Peter Title: Under the Influence: What local governments can do to reduce drug and alcohol related harms in their communities Summary: Local governments generally have played a limited role with illicit drug-related issues, as they are typically addressed by the federal and state governments’ law enforcement or health service providers. Local governments’ role in alcohol management is more pronounced, however, as alcohol is consumed by thousands of their residents each week in their municipalities’ businesses, sports clubs and other facilities. Local governments recognise that, on the one hand, alcohol can offer a number of benefits to a local community and, on the other hand, it increases a number of serious risks to the health, wellbeing and safety of residents and visitors. Alcohol plays a central role in vibrant social gatherings each week and is one of the nation’s most popular drugs, with 72.6 per cent of Australian adults consuming alcohol at moderate levels. The entertainment and hospitality industries that serve alcohol provide local jobs and stimulate a vibrant night time economy that extends beyond petrol stations and fast food outlets. Indeed, most local governments are themselves sponsors or hosts of functions, events and festivals where alcohol is served. While the overall consumption of alcohol has remained relatively stable over the last decade, some Australians —particularly young people—continue to consume at levels that put them at risk of long and short term harm. One out of every 10 Victorians drink at risky levels at least once per week4 and approximately 700 Victorians die from the effects of alcohol each year. The National Preventative Health Taskforce (NPHT) has calculated that more than 42 million incidents of binge drinking occur in Australian communities each year—most of which would have occurred within the nation’s 565 local government areas. In addition to the long-term health risks of alcohol-related diseases to residents, local governments are also confronted by the repercussions of alcohol-related assaults, injuries, property damage and other forms of anti-social or illegal behaviour. The NPHT1 has reported that 84 per cent of Australians were concerned about alcohol-related impacts in their community and other research found that nearly threequarters of adults had been negatively affected by another person’s drinking in the previous 12 months. Australian local governments have an important role in preventing acute and long-term harms from illicit drugs and alcohol in their neighbourhoods. This paper discusses some practical steps being trialled to reduce harms in communities, and provides an overview of local governments’ most promising future directions. It may be used by local governments to coordinate effective action across departments, with local partners and other tiers of government. Victorian legislation (e.g. Local Government Act 1989 and Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008) has been used to populate many of the paper’s examples. These details will vary across other states and territories. Details: Melbourne: Australian Drug Foundation, 2012. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Prevention Research Quarterly, No. 19: Accessed March 8, 2013 at: http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/attachments/747_PRQ_localgov_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/attachments/747_PRQ_localgov_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 127868 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)AlcoholismBinge DrinkingDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Hunter, Nichole, Kenneally, Brianna Title: Monitoring the Adelaide Dry Area - An Update Summary: This Evaluation Report is divided into two sections. The first section focusses on the six key objectives of the Adelaide Dry Area Trial and seeks to identify whether these objectives are being achieved. The second section outlines possible strategies for on-going monitoring. Details: Adelaide, SA: South Australia Department of Justice, Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2005. 193p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2013 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea2005.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea2005.pdf Shelf Number: 107695 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Alcoholism |
Author: Hunter, Nichole Title: Monitoring the Adelaide Dry Area Summary: A Dry area is a designated area where the consumption and possession of alcohol in unsealed containers is prohibited under the Liquor Licensing Act 1997. This report focuses on the effectiveness of the City of Adelaide Dry Area Tral. The first section of the report focuses on the six key objectives of the Area Trial and seeks to identify whether these objectives are being achieved. The second secion outlines possible strategies for on-going monitoring. Details: South Australia: Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2004. 238p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 30, 2013 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/DryArea.pdf Shelf Number: 128175 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Alcoholism |
Author: Ubido, Janet Title: Prevention Programmes Cost-Effectiveness Review: Alcohol Summary: Alcohol harm cost the NHS $2.7 billion in 2006/07 (DH, 2008). Hospital inpatient and day visits are the greatest expense (1,190 million), followed by Accident and Emergency (A&E) visits (645.7 million) and ambulance services (372.4 million). NICE estimate that alcohol-related disease accounts for 1 in 26 NHS bed days nationally, and up to 40% of all A&E admissions nationally are thought to be alcohol related (HDA, 2005). Alcohol-related hospital admission rates are strongly associated with deprivation, with higher rates in more deprived local authorities (Morleo et al, 2010). The North West has six out of the top ten local authority areas with the highest rates of hospital admissions for alcohol related harm in people aged sixteen or over (NWPHO, 2010). The review: This cost effectiveness review on alcohol presents evidence on interventions at three levels: - primary prevention (including education programmes); - secondary prevention, to detect the early stages of alcohol misuse (e.g. screening and brief interventions) and - tertiary prevention, including prevention or minimisation of relapse The review does not cover drug treatments when used exclusively, or surgical interventions. Direct NHS interventions, such as screening for alcohol harm in primary care, and indirect NHS interventions, including lobbying the government for a minimum unit price for alcohol, are included. Details: Liverpool: Liverpool Public Health Observatory, University of Liverpool, 2010. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Observatory Report Series, number 84 Cost effectiveness review series, number 2: Accessed March 20, 2014 at: http://www.liv.ac.uk/media/livacuk/instituteofpsychology/publichealthobservatory/84_alcohol_cost_effectiveness_FOR_WEBSITE.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.liv.ac.uk/media/livacuk/instituteofpsychology/publichealthobservatory/84_alcohol_cost_effectiveness_FOR_WEBSITE.pdf Shelf Number: 131993 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismCost-Benefit Analysis |
Author: Cussen, Tracy Title: Policing Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Matropolitan Environments Summary: Policing affords many opportunities for individual officers and police services to improve outcomes for community members and reduce the burden of substance misuse on the community. Key points highlighted concerning metropolitan areas include: ◾A broad spectrum of services is available (albeit acknowledged to often be under-resourced), providing police with a range of referral points for and information sources about local area issues. ◾Service providers and other agencies may also be variously accountable for public safety. Police may develop partnerships with these agencies, ensuring that tight resources can be appropriately directed to meet community needs. Service providers can help police to better understand the complex life circumstances of individuals affected by alcohol and other drugs. Benefits of information exchanges can be twofold i.e. improved police confidence in handling complex situations; and increased awareness within the service sector of the range of tasks and behaviours police are expected to perform and manage. Details: Canberra: National Drug Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF), 2014. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph Series No. 48: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph48.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph48.pdf Shelf Number: 132015 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDrunk and DisorderlyIllicit Drugs |
Author: Giesbrecht, Norman Title: Strategies to Reduce Alcohol-Related Harms and Costs in Canada: A Comparison of Provincial Policies Summary: Alcohol is consumed by over 80% of Canadian adults and in many instances is used in moderation (Ialomiteanu et al., 2012). However, alcohol is associated with a wide range of harms such as acute injuries, trauma, and violence. Alcohol use is also associated with the development of many chronic diseases (Rehm et al., 2009) and is one of the leading causes of disease and disability in the Americas (Lim et al., 2012). There is a strong line of research demonstrating that increases in alcohol consumption, and hazardous drinking patterns are associated with increases in a range of alcohol-related harms (Norstrom, 2007; Ramstedt, 2008; Rossow, 2004; Skog, 2003; Rehm, et al., 2008; Anderson et al., 2009a; Babor et al., 2010). Recent data from Canada indicate that alcohol consumption increased by 13% between 1996 and 2010 (Statistics Canada, 2011) and that approximately 20% of drinkers drink above the Canadian low-risk drinking guidelines (LRDGs) (Ialomiteanu et al., 2009; Canadian Public Health Association, 2011). Several factors may be driving these developments, including a gradual shift towards privatization, increased access to alcohol, extensive marketing and increased acceptability of alcohol use in Canadian society. A system-level response is required in order to curb consumption and reduce these alcohol-related harms and associated costs. Several types of alcohol policy have been shown to be effective in not only reducing population levels of damage, but also modifying the behaviour of high-risk drinkers (Edwards et al., 1994; Babor et al., 2010; Smart & Mann, 2002). This report provides a systematic and comparative review of policies and programs across all Canadian provinces which have the potential to reduce the considerable health and social harms from alcohol. The overall objective is to encourage greater uptake of these practices and thereby improve public health and safety in Canada. Details: Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2013. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 15, 2014 at: http://www.camh.ca/en/research/news_and_publications/reports_and_books/Documents/Strategies%20to%20Reduce%20Alcohol%20Related%20Harms%20and%20Costs%202013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://www.camh.ca/en/research/news_and_publications/reports_and_books/Documents/Strategies%20to%20Reduce%20Alcohol%20Related%20Harms%20and%20Costs%202013.pdf Shelf Number: 132372 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, Disorder (Canada)AlcoholismDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: DrugScope Title: It's About Time: Tackling substance misuse in older people Summary: In general, alcohol use declines with age and use of illicit drugs is less common in older people than in their younger counterparts. However, as the Royal College of Psychiatrists highlighted in its 2011 report Our invisible addicts, the number of older people with substance use problems is increasing rapidly. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction has estimated that the number of older people with substance use problems or requiring treatment for substance misuse will more than double between 2001 and 2020. In spite of this, older people with substance use problems have historically been a marginalised group, whose particular needs have not been well met. It's about time: Tackling substance misuse in older people brings together information about older people and substance misuse - including use of alcohol, illicit drugs and prescribed and over-the-counter medications - from a range of sources, including published research and reports, service visits and a roundtable attended by academics, policy specialists, practitioners and former service users. In doing so, it aims to identify some of the key issues and problems in this area, and makes strategic and policy recommendations for change, as well as good practice recommendations for substance misuse and older people's services. Key recommendations include: - A range of interventions are needed for older people with substance use problems, from age-appropriate, non-time limited treatment and support for those who are drug and/or alcohol dependent, to brief interventions for those who are drinking at risk. Support for those with problems with prescription and/or over-the-counter medications also needs to be available. - Many of the services we visited during the research process for the briefing were delivering positive outcomes but faced a discontinuation of their funding. Independent and statutory funders and commissioners need to recognise the importance of services and interventions for older people and to consider options for sustainable funding going forward, particularly as research indicates increased prevalence and need. - Substance misuse services can implement a range of measures to help ensure the accessibility and relevance of services for older people, including specific groups or times for older people, satellite services operating out of community provision aimed specifically at older people - for instance, local support groups - and home visits. - Older people with substance misuse problems may come into contact with a number of health and social care professionals, including those working in primary care settings, older people's mental health services, residential services, and for social care providers. With particular reference to alcohol, these professionals should be trained to deliver brief interventions (IBA) and 'sensible drinking' advice to those who are not dependent, but are drinking at risk. Links with specialist support should be developed for referral of those with serious substance misuse problems. Details: London: DrugScope, 2014. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2014 at: http://www.drugscope.org.uk/Resources/Drugscope/Documents/PDF/Policy/ItsAboutTimeWeb.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.drugscope.org.uk/Resources/Drugscope/Documents/PDF/Policy/ItsAboutTimeWeb.pdf Shelf Number: 132620 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Abuse TreatmentElderlySubstance Abuse |
Author: Lattimore, Pamela Title: Arrestee Substance Use: Comparison of Estimates from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program Summary: The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program provide information on alcohol and drug use by individuals who have recently been arrested. The studies differ in their target populations (civilian, non-institutionalized individuals vs. arrestees in 39 sites recently booked into jails) and data collection methods. This study uses 2003 ADAM and 2002-2008 NSDUH data for adult males living in the 39 ADAM sites who reported a past year arrest and 2002-2008 Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data to examine how well NSDUH covers the arrestee population and to compare estimates of drug and alcohol use and substance abuse or dependence. In general, ADAM estimates of rates of self-reported drug use were higher. The magnitude of these differences cannot be accounted for by under-coverage in NSDUH. Other possible reasons for these differences and their implications for interpreting NSDUH and ADAM data are discussed. Details: Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, SAMHSA, 2014. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: CBHSQ Data Review: Accessed October 2, 2014 at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2K14/NSDUHDRADAM/NSDUH-DR-ADAM-2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2K14/NSDUHDRADAM/NSDUH-DR-ADAM-2014.pdf Shelf Number: 133555 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Abuse and CrimeDrug Offenders (U.S.)Substance Abuse |
Author: Centre for Social Justice Title: Ambitious for Recovery: Tackling drug and alcohol addiction in the UK Summary: Addiction to drugs and alcohol takes a heavy toll on society. In 17 years running BAC O'Connor I have seen the impact, from crime, worklessness and strains on the NHS, to the price paid by individuals and their families. I have witnessed, however, people overcome their addiction and progress to lead full lives as contributing members of society. Provided with a little support to become drug and alcohol free, I have watched people transform their lives and become productive members of society. Recent falls in drug and alcohol use in the wider population conceal a rising cost of addiction: more alcohol-related admissions and readmissions, more prescription drugs issued, and, a surge in use of 'legal highs'. This is a social justice issue. Addiction can strike anyone but the harm of this situation is felt most keenly in poorer communities. Our interim report, No Quick Fix, laid bare the costs, extent and changing nature of drug and alcohol addiction in the UK. We outlined how the Government's 2010 Drug Strategy marked a welcome shift from a policy of maintaining addicts on substitute drugs to an ambition to help people lead drug-free lives. We have seen a rise in the use of mutual aid and the rhetoric of recovery now pervades strategy. Yet while some of the rhetoric has been good, action has been poor. Abstinence from drugs and alcohol, which is key to achieving lasting recovery but is still not the marker by which we measure our success. Equally, rehabs are the most effective route to abstinence for many yet are still the preserve of the wealthy or the lucky few. Making the situation worse, we now have 'legal highs', often more dangerous and addictive than the drugs they seek to imitate, available to buy on high streets across the UK. Our report lays out a programme for whoever next enters government, to tackle addiction and reduce its costs to society. We argue that priorities for the next Parliament should include: a small treatment tax of a penny on a unit is introduced by the end of the next Parliament to provide proper rehabilitation; reform to the welfare, criminal justice and health services to address the addiction problems which drain resources; and, a proper response to 'legal highs'. Details: London: Centre for Social Justice, 2014. 102p. Source: Internet Resource: Breakthrough Britain II: Accessed October 9, 2014 at: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/CSJJ2073_Addiction_15.08.14_2.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/CSJJ2073_Addiction_15.08.14_2.pdf Shelf Number: 133925 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and Addiction (U.K.)Drug Abuse and CrimeDrug Abuse TreatmentDrug OffendersRehabilitationSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Australia. Parliament. House of Representatives. Standing Committee on Indigenous Affairs Title: Alcohol, hurting people and harming communities. Inquiry Inquiry into the harmful use of alcohol in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities Summary: The consumption of alcohol at high risk levels is a national issue, however, the focus of this inquiry is the harmful use of alcohol in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Many reports and studies have recommended stemming the flow of alcohol to address the problems, but usually these works do not analyse why a person drinks at levels which cause them and their loved ones harm. The social and economic determinants of harmful alcohol use such as unemployment, poor housing, racism, trauma, poor education and peer pressure mean that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are overly impacted by the harm caused by alcohol consumed at high levels. A recent Amnesty reports note that it costs $440,000 per year to keep one young person in detention in Australia. This report recommends that justice reinvestment strategies should redirect these resources to overcoming the deprivation and despair in so many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This report addresses strategies and treatments found to help in addressing the harmful use of alcohol. Community led solutions are always the key to uptake and success. Unfortunately slow government processes, for example approving community produced alcohol management plans and the short length of project funding often frustrates community initiatives. The magnitude of the problem caused by high risk consumption of alcohol is often hidden by the lack of collection of useful data for example at the time of hospital admissions, when children are put into out of home care because of their neglect, when people are incarcerated because of alcohol related crime and when children are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) at some of the highest rates in the world. The committee found examples of the world's best practice at places like Groote Eylandt and Fitzroy Crossing. These communities, led by women's initiatives, have demonstrated courage and determination to tackle alcohol harm to provide a safe environment for their families and community. The committee commends them and hopes that their strategies can be used as examples of a way forward for other communities. FASD or FAS is creating generations of children whose brain damage will reduce their potential to live lives full of promise and well-being. The rates of FAS and FASD in some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia are amongst the highest in the world and yet FAS and FASD are not recognised as a disability for many social security allowances and payments. The lack of knowledge about, and recognition of FASD and FAS extends beyond the failure to have it officially recognised for social security and NDIS purposes, it also needs to be understood in schools, the criminal justice system and in the health sector. The committee found that impacts of alcohol on children in communities represents a national tragedy as it is manifested in children growing up with fathers, and increasingly mothers, who are incarcerated, as the children's abuse and neglect leads to the need for out of home care at record levels, missed schooling and too often ultimately become young alcohol addicts or abusers of other illicit substances. Details: Canberra: Australian Parliament, 2015. 205p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2015 at: http://www.naccho.org.au/download/aboriginal-health/Inquiry%20into%20the%20harmful%20use%20of%20Alcohol%20in%20ATSI%20communities%20June%202015.PDF Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.naccho.org.au/download/aboriginal-health/Inquiry%20into%20the%20harmful%20use%20of%20Alcohol%20in%20ATSI%20communities%20June%202015.PDF Shelf Number: 136459 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, AbuseAlcoholism |
Author: Tonigan, Alexandra Toscova Title: Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse: Public Inebriate Intervention Program Summary: The purpose of the Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse Program's (DSAP) Public Inebriate Intervention Program (PIIP) in Bernalillo County, including Albuquerque, New Mexico is to relieve congestion in UNM Hospital's Emergency Department and Psychiatric Emergency Services, as well as other hospital emergency rooms in Bernalillo County (Presbyterian and Lovelace) and to reduce the number of bookings at the Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC). To do this, the Department of Substance Abuse Program (DSAP) has partnered with the Albuquerque Fire Department (AFD) and the Albuquerque Police Department (APD) to "identify inebriates in the community and offer voluntary transportation to the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Assessment Treatment Services (MATS) facility," where individuals have the opportunity to stay up to 12 hours in a stable and safe environment until they sober up (Board of County Commissioners, DSAP). In doing so, the inebriated individuals receive the appropriate treatment and care, crowding within jails and hospitals is alleviated, and a substantial amount of money can be saved. The program is located at the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Assessment Treatment Services (MATS) facility. This program houses a number of programs including detoxification services, a medical observation and treatment unit, supportive aftercare, residential services, and a hospital for adult/adolescent medical detoxification and rehabilitation. The information presented in this report originates from forms maintained by MATS on individuals who were served by PIIP in April, May and October of 2014. Details: Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, Institute for Social Research, 2015. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2015 at: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2015/bernalillo-county-department-of-substance-abuse-public-inebriate-intervention-program.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2015/bernalillo-county-department-of-substance-abuse-public-inebriate-intervention-program.pdf Shelf Number: 136820 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsAlcoholismDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Parker, Khristy Title: Alaska Trauma Registry: Trauma Admissions Involving Alcohol or Illegal Drugs, 2014 Summary: The Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) is an active surveillance system that collects data pertaining to hospitalizations of the most seriously injured patients in Alaska. Data collected include patient demographics, injury event, patient transport, treatment, and outcomes. Since 1991, the Alaska Trauma Registry has collected data from all 24 (22 civilian and 2 Department of Defense) acute care hospitals, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of trauma patient care, monitoring serious injury, injury prevention, and trauma system development. The ATR is a subsidiary of the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS), Division of Public Health. This fact sheet presents data from the ATR - specifically, numbers of trauma admissions, patient demographics, and the presence of alcohol or illegal drugs in trauma admissions for 2014. Data used in this Fact Sheet were provided to the Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Center (AJSAC) by ATR. Details: Anchorage: Alaska Statistical Analysis Center, 2016. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Fact Sheet: Accessed March 16, 2016 at: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/ajsac/2016/ajsac.16-01.atr2014.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/ajsac/2016/ajsac.16-01.atr2014.pdf Shelf Number: 138266 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and AddictionHospitalsIllegal DrugInjuries |
Author: Watt, Suzie Title: Reading drug and alcohol misuse needs assessment Summary: 1.1 The Reading Borough Council (RBC) drug and alcohol misuse needs assessment quantifies the extent of misuse of alcohol and drugs in Reading; the effect this is likely to have on people and thus on health and social care and other services, and on prevention and early interventions and, the nature of current services and treatment demand for substance misuse; and what might be done to better meet identified needs. 1.2 This needs assessment is a precursor to a revised strategy for drug and alcohol services in Reading which will be developed in the near future. 1.3 Contributors to the report include key stakeholders and partners for example, Clinical Commission Group's, Source (RBC's Young Persons Drug & Alcohol Treatment Service), IRiS (Adults Drug & Alcohol Treatment service provider), RBC's Parental Substance Misuse Service, Thames Valley Police and RBC Licensing/Trading Standards Team. Client feedback and/or experience is not reflected within the paper because this is a needs assessment and not a details proposal for how service might be changed in the light of a needs assessment. 1.4 In Reading, as in many other places, there has been a greater emphasis put on the treatment of drug misuse rather than alcohol misuse. Whilst drug-related deaths rates in the local population are higher than the England average, and in comparison to other Berkshire local authorities, the numbers remain small. In contrast, the figures in the needs assessment show that the health and social care and the wider societal effects of alcohol misuse are substantially greater than those of drug misuse. Details: Reading, UK: Reading Council, 2016. 82p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 14, 2014 at: http://www.reading.gov.uk/media/4501/Item-15-Appendix/pdf/Item_15_Appendix.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.reading.gov.uk/media/4501/Item-15-Appendix/pdf/Item_15_Appendix.pdf Shelf Number: 138668 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and AddictionSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Finigan, Michael W. Title: Societal Outcomes and Cost Savings of Drug and Alcohol Treatment in the State of Oregon Summary: The NPC study was designed to overcome some of the methodological limitations of past studies of the benefits and costs of drug and/or alcohol treatment. The research design was created with a representative sample of treatment completers with a matched comparison group of clients who received little or no treatment; use of existing state agency databases rather than self-report data for maximum objectivity; and an adequate study period of 2 years prior and 3 years subsequent to treatment completion. The study results indicated that successful drug and alcohol treatment can have positive societal outcomes. While previous studies have shown the positive effects of treatment for the time period of 1 year, this study indicated that these gains are sustained over longer periods of time (up to 3 years). The study estimated the cost savings to taxpayers - either directly in their avoidance of criminal losses or indirectly in the avoidance of expenditure of their tax dollars - that accrue from the positive societal outcomes of treatment. Details: Portland, OR: NPC Research, Inc., 1996. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 19, 2016 at: http://npcresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/SOCS1.pdf Year: 1996 Country: United States URL: http://npcresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/SOCS1.pdf Shelf Number: 139102 Keywords: AlcoholismCost-Benefit AnalysisDrug AddictionDrug OffendersDrug TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Wilton, Geoff Title: Outcomes for Sex Offenders with Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders Summary: Sex offenders with concurrent mental health and substance abuse disorders experience more negative outcomes than sex offenders with a mental disorder only or the general sex offender population. Offenders with concurrent disorders require a correctional plan that includes both specific correctional programs to reduce their multiple criminogenic needs as well as specialized interventions to stabilize mental health. Sex offenders with a mental disorder only also experience more negative outcomes than the general sex offender population. Programs for Aboriginal sex offenders should consider that there are higher rates of concurrent mental health and substance abuse disorders than among non-Aboriginal sex offenders. What we found Compared to the population of sex offenders, those with concurrent disorders had significantly higher criminal risk and criminogenic need ratings, higher rates of serious and minor institutional charges, more admissions to administrative segregation, and lower correctional program completion rates. They were more likely to have adult women victims than the other sex offender groups. On release, 29% of sex offenders with concurrent disorders returned to custody with an offence within one year, a rate over three times higher than the general sex offender population (8%). However, survival analyses revealed much of this gap was accounted for by group differences in sentence length, age at release, prior adult convictions, the rating on the associates and employment needs domains. Aboriginal offenders are over-represented among sex offenders with concurrent disorders, representing 42% of offenders with a concurrent disorder, but only 25% of the general sex offender population. Sex offenders with a mental disorder only also had poorer outcomes than the population of sex offenders, but not as poor as those with concurrent disorders. The mental disorder only group had slightly but significantly greater need and criminal risk ratings, more institutional charges, and more admissions to segregation than the population of sex offenders. They were more likely to have only child and adolescent victims than the other two sex offender groups. Rates of returns to custody with an offence within the mental disorder group were approximately double that of the sex offender population, but this difference was not significant. Details: Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2014. 51p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report No. R-335: Accessed May 26, 2016 at: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/scc-csc/PS83-3-335-eng.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/scc-csc/PS83-3-335-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 139159 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse Mentally Ill Offenders Offender Treatment Sex Offenders Substance Abuse |
Author: Alcohol Concern Title: Domestic Abuse and Change Resistant Drinkers: Preventing and Reducing the Harm Summary: The relationship between alcohol and violence is well researched, although less so in the more complex context of domestic abuse. Whilst there is evidence that alcohol use by perpetrators, and to a lesser extent by victims, increases the frequency of violence and the seriousness of the outcomes , this does not mean that alcohol use causes domestic abuse. It is neither an excuse nor an explanation. Both Alcohol Concern's Embrace Project and AVA's Stella Project have previously produced guidance on how to address domestic abuse and alcohol use. This guidance builds on the existing literature and uses the learning from reviewing domestic homicide review (DHR) reports to further our understanding of how to deal with cases of alcohol related domestic abuse, particularly more complex cases that involve change resistant drinkers. The aim of this guidance is to create a baseline of good practice for those supporting clients that have been understood to be change resistant drinkers and who are perpetrating or experiencing domestic violence. Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2016. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2016 at: http://www.domesticabuseservices.org.uk/professionals/news/news-file/Domestic%20abuse%20and%20change%20resistant%20drinkers%20-%20learning%20lessons%20from%20domestic%20homicide%20reviews.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.domesticabuseservices.org.uk/professionals/news/news-file/Domestic%20abuse%20and%20change%20resistant%20drinkers%20-%20learning%20lessons%20from%20domestic%20homicide%20reviews.pdf Shelf Number: 146115 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Treatment ProgramsAlcoholismDomestic Violence |
Author: Loudenburg, Roland Title: South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program Evaluation Supplemental Findings Report Summary: The South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program was developed in direct response to an overwhelming need to address repeat impaired driving offenses in South Dakota. The 24/7 Sobriety Program addresses the problem in a nontraditional manner by requiring impaired driving offenders to completely abstain from alcohol and provide breath tests twice daily at approximately 12 hour intervals. An external evaluation firm was engaged to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and an initial evaluation report was released in December 2011, which included data from 2005 thru December 2010. Since the release of the initial report, an additional year of recidivism data is available in order to evaluate the trends demonstrated in the initial report. This updated report evaluates and updates the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Program's overall effectiveness in reducing DUI recidivism among PBTx2 participants through data review and statistical analysis. The report is prepared in conjunction with the South Dakota Attorney General's Office and the South Dakota Department of Public Safety. This report utilizes participant data maintained on the Attorney General's Office 24/7 Sobriety Program web based database (24/7 Database) and offender data maintained by the Unified Judicial System (UJS). Initial sections of the report provide a general description of the 24/7 Sobriety Program, participants, and a summary of test results for twice a day PBT testing (PBTx2). Later sections of the report focus on recidivism analysis of DUI offenders participating in PBTx2. In those later sections, DUI recidivism rates for program participants are compared to nonparticipants using three approaches. Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs is a serious public health and safety problem in the United States. In 2007, impaired drivers with a BAC (blood alcohol content) of .08 or above were responsible for 32% of all traffic fatalities. National statistics reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that approximately one-third of all first-time DUI offenders will have a second DUI offense. In addition, DUI offenders are more likely to be involved in future fatal car crashes than non-DUI offenders. Felony DUI offenses (a third or subsequent DUI offense within ten years of a DUI conviction), vehicular homicide and vehicular battery cases account for approximately 35% of all felony convictions in South Dakota. Between 1996 and 2007, felony DUI offenses and felony drug offenses accounted for approximately 60% of the total felony convictions in South Dakota. Analysis of South Dakota Department of Corrections data indicates that 12.56% of the state prison population is incarcerated for a DUI offense . In FY2011, 90% of men and 95% of women sentenced to the South Dakota Penitentiary had an alcohol or illegal drug dependency. To date, traditional DUI offense intervention efforts that include a combination of education and sanctions report only a modest 7% - 9% reduction in recidivism rates for future impaired driving offenses. While generic alcohol ignition interlock devices are effective while physically installed within an individual's vehicle, recidivism rates are not sustained after removal of the device. More effective strategies to reduce repeat impaired driving offenses are necessary. In 2011, Administrative Rule 2:06 was updated to include the use of ignition interlock devices. With an additional year of data, South Dakota's effort to address DUI recidivism through the 24/7 Sobriety Program continues to show results. The PBTx2 test result data examined in this evaluation reveals that individuals are maintaining a very high level of sobriety while on the 24/7 Sobriety Program. With a sample size of just over 1 million recorded PBTx2 test results, only .6% was recorded as a Failure. Over 53% of the 4,680 24/7 Sobriety Program participants in the sample did not fail a PBTx2 test, and only 9.4% had four or more Failures during a testing period that averaged approximately 120 days. An analysis of PBTx2 participants compared to control groups shows a continued pattern of lower recidivism rates by participants, and suggests that the program clearly has a sustained effect on recidivism rates after program completion. PBTx2 participants generally had lower recidivism rates at one, two, three, and four years when compared to controls. Notably, 12.7% of DUI 2nd offenders not on the program committed another DUI offense within three years, while only 5.9% of the 24/7 Sobriety Program participants committed another DUI within a three-year period. The lower recidivism rate for participating DUI 2nd offenders is statistically significant. The analysis also suggests the 24/7 Sobriety Program is statistically significant in lowering recidivism for DUI offenders who remain on the program for 30 or more consecutive days. Details: Salem, SD: Mountain Plains Evaluation, 2012. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 26, 2016 at: http://apps.sd.gov/atg/dui247/AnalysisSupplementalSD24.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://apps.sd.gov/atg/dui247/AnalysisSupplementalSD24.pdf Shelf Number: 146105 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholismDriving Under the Influence (South Dakota)Drunk DrivingIgnition InterlockRecidivism |
Author: Bloomfield, Kim Title: The Ripple Effect of Alcohol - Consequences Beyond the Drinker Summary: A significant amount of alcohol-related harm afflicts others than the drinker. The negative effects from drinking puts children and families at particular risk. In order to tackle the effects from drinking we must determine how alcohol affects others and what areas of society are affected. The publication "The ripple effect of alcohol: Consequences beyond the drinker" provides perspectives on how drinking affects us as individuals and as a society. In order to strengthen research projects and collaboration focusing on alcohol's harm to others, the Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues established a Nordic research network, H20 Nordic, in 2013. The project has generated a number of Nordic comparative studies and publications. "The ripple effect of alcohol: Consequences beyond the drinker" outlines the key findings of the research network. What kind of harms do Nordic people experience from the drinking of family, friends and co-workers? To what extent do Nordic people experience harm from strangers’ drinking? When is parents’ alcohol use in the presence of children acceptable and what makes it less so? Other topics in the publication include deliberation upon measuring harm in terms of money, and an international perspective on alcohol's harm to others. Additionally, the publication includes accounts of hands-on approaches to harm from others drinking, for instance a report on how the police in Greenland aims to replace domestic violence with dialogue and how cooperation between bars, the police and municipalities minimises nightlife violence in Sweden. Details: Stockholm: Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues, 2016. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.nordicwelfare.org/PageFiles/34564/H2O_final_WEB29.6.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Sweden URL: http://www.nordicwelfare.org/PageFiles/34564/H2O_final_WEB29.6.pdf Shelf Number: 145400 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism |
Author: Talpins, Stephen K. Title: The 24/7 Sobriety Program Expansion Project Summary: I. Introduction South Dakota’s 24/7 Sobriety Project is one of the most progressive programs in the country. Conceived of and administered by Attorney General Larry Long, this award-winning program offers several benefits. It has: reduced recidivism; improved public safety; provided an alternative to incarceration and reduced the number of people in local jails; allowed offenders to remain in the community with their family and friends; permitted offenders to maintain employment; cut jail and prison populations; and saved tax dollars by combining enhanced monitoring with real accountability. Offenders pay for their services. Accordingly, although the program was seeded through multiple legislative appropriations, it will be fully self-sustaining by the end of 2009. The Attorney General, several state agencies and local sheriffs, are partnering with the National Partnership on Alcohol Misuse and Crime (NPAMC) to create a national model that integrates evidence and consensus based solutions involving brief screening and interventions, formal assessments, and treatment and employing contingency management with the expectation of achieving even more profound results. Details: a.l.: National Partnership on Alcohol Misuse and Crime, 2016. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2016 at: https://cdpsdocs.state.co.us/ccjj/Committees/DrugTF/Handout/SD24-7SobrietyProgramExpansionProj_0309.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://cdpsdocs.state.co.us/ccjj/Committees/DrugTF/Handout/SD24-7SobrietyProgramExpansionProj_0309.pdf Shelf Number: 141152 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcoholismDriving Under the Influence (South Dakota)Drunk DrivingRecidivism |
Author: Clarke, Ann Title: Review of Drug and Alcohol Treatment Services for Adult Offenders in Prison and in the Community Summary: (i) Introduction Executive Summary In 2015, the Probation Service and Irish Prisons Service (IPS) sought an independent review of alcohol and drug treatment services for adult offenders in the community and in prison. The review explores current provision and provides recommendations based on the evidence collected. It sets out a model of effective practice for the treatment of adult offenders which facilitates a continuum of care from prison to the community. A multi-method approach was used to meet the terms of reference. This included a literature review, consultations with key personnel in the Probation Service, IPS, service providers, the National Drugs Rehabilitation Implementation Committee (NDRIC), and the Health Service Executive (HSE), as well as site visits to Cork and Mountjoy Prisons, five community-based organisations and five Local Drugs and Alcohol Task Force projects (LDATFs). (ii) Model of Effective Practice The model of effective practice is presented in the main report. This is based on a review of international literature, the NDRIC framework, consultations with community-based organisations1 and prison-based health teams and addiction counsellors. It recognises that recovery from addiction is a long-term process that frequently requires multiple episodes of treatment and/or interventions. It acknowledges that no one treatment option fits all individuals and a broad range of options is required. It highlights the importance of good communication and co-ordination both within systems (e.g. prison) and between systems (e.g. prison and community). The principles underpinning the model include equity of access, choice, person centred provision that uses evidenced-based treatment and intervention options, co-ordinated approaches with clear treatment pathways into and out of different settings, using time in prison as an opportunity to address addiction and having a focus on outcomes. The core components of the model are interlinked rather than linear. These components are pre-work and preparation, referral, assessment, care planning, case management, treatment and recovery management. The model will work in both the community setting and prison setting. (iii) Strengths of the Current System of Provision Addiction is a major contributory factor in criminality. The Probation Service’s Drugs and Alcohol Survey (2011) found that the majority of alcohol and drug misusing offenders had their misuse linked to their offending. Martyn (2012) found that 89% of adult offenders on probation supervision had misused drugs or alcohol and Freeman and Allen (2015) found that 60% of prisoners in Cork prison had a documented history of substance abuse and addiction. Both the Probation Service and the IPS recognise the role drugs and alcohol play in criminality and recidivism and both have invested heavily in developing a system of provision to address drug and alcohol addictions. The prison environment provides a unique opportunity to support individuals to address addiction and it is appropriate that a range of treatment and intervention options is provided in the prison estate. Excluding direct staff and GP costs, the IPS and Probation Service have combined expenditure of €3.33m on the provision of addiction services for adult offenders. Expenditure by the Probation Service has remained stable in recent years, while spending by the IPS has reduced in line with the decline in prisoner numbers. However, those in prison are now more likely to be the most challenging and chaotic. This includes those with a dual diagnosis of addiction and mental health issues. Health teams are present in every prison and some staff have specialist qualifications in the treatment of addiction. Clinicians have an interest in addiction and are familiar with the care pathways within the prison estate, thus increasing their effectiveness. The development of joint strategies between the Probation Service and the IPS has supported the development of a more integrated and co-ordinated approach to dealing with offenders, including those with addictions. The current model of provision is a mixed methods layered approach incorporating residential treatment provided in the community using a number of treatment regimes. This includes detoxification within prison, methadone treatment, one to one and group addiction counselling, specialist treatment methodologies (e.g. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Therapeutic Communities, 12 Step Programmes), harm reduction and relapse prevention. This mixed methods way of working fits with international best practice and is appropriate. The NDRIC framework is an important national development that the Probation Service and the IPS have aligned with. There are opportunities to further strengthen this alignment with NDRIC, most notably in the areas of care planning, enhanced communication and protocols with the HSE, better internal and external co-ordination. While small in number and primarily Dublin-based, community prison link workers are a valuable resource which provides a link for offenders between prison and the community. Greater integration of these workers in the system of provision, including links with the work of Probation Officers and Integrated Sentence Managers (ISMs), would be supported by the development of a formal joint Service Level Agreement between the Probation Service and the IPS and organisations providing community prison link workers. From the limited outcomes data that is available, positive outcomes are evident. Overall we can expect between 70% and 100% of those who enter a detox programme to complete it, and between 60% and 80% of those who commence treatment to complete it. Of those who complete treatment we can expect around half to return to training, education or employment. Around one-third will achieve total recovery, another one-third will manage their addiction safely and around one-third will relapse. (iv) Gaps in Provision The system of provision is evolving to address needs as they arise. Areas that pose particular challenges at present and that require attention and further development are: Treatment services for women offenders. Women, especially women with children, have specific needs that a comprehensive system of provision should cater for. While women with addiction are catered for within prison and within the community, the options available are relatively limited. The Probation Service and the IPS are aiming to address these challenges through a joint strategy for women offenders. There is a strong focus on drug addiction within the current system of provision. However, alcohol abuse is just as important a contributor to criminality as is drug addiction and abuse. Because of the non-availability of alcohol within the prison estate, prisoners with an alcohol addiction effectively have no choice other than to detox, with or without medication. Programmes that place more attention on the underlying reasons for alcohol addiction and how to prevent these triggers in the future as well as harm reduction strategies require further development across the prison estate. Within drug addiction, many of the treatment regimes are focused on opiate based drugs. However, in recent years the trends in usage have been away from opiates towards other drugs such as benzodiazepines and novel psychoactive substances, which are more difficult to detect. Treatment regimes are playing catch up to these developments, both in the community and within the prison estate. There are a growing number of offenders presenting with co-morbidities, e.g. alcohol and/or drug abuse combined with mental health issues. Best practice advocates a system of integrated dual treatment and many of the existing suites of community-based service providers and the system of provision within the prison estate does not adequately cater for co-morbidities. (iii) Strengths of the Current System of Provision Addiction is a major contributory factor in criminality. The Probation Service’s Drugs and Alcohol Survey (2011) found that the majority of alcohol and drug misusing offenders had their misuse linked to their offending. Martyn (2012) found that 89% of adult offenders on probation supervision had misused drugs or alcohol and Freeman and Allen (2015) found that 60% of prisoners in Cork prison had a documented history of substance abuse and addiction. Both the Probation Service and the IPS recognise the role drugs and alcohol play in criminality and recidivism and both have invested heavily in developing a system of provision to address drug and alcohol addictions. The prison environment provides a unique opportunity to support individuals to address addiction and it is appropriate that a range of treatment and intervention options is provided in the prison estate. Excluding direct staff and GP costs, the IPS and Probation Service have combined expenditure of €3.33m on the provision of addiction services for adult offenders. Expenditure by the Probation Service has remained stable in recent years, while spending by the IPS has reduced in line with the decline in prisoner numbers. However, those in prison are now more likely to be the most challenging and chaotic. This includes those with a dual diagnosis of addiction and mental health issues. Health teams are present in every prison and some staff have specialist qualifications in the treatment of addiction. Clinicians have an interest in addiction and are familiar with the care pathways within the prison estate, thus increasing their effectiveness. The development of joint strategies between the Probation Service and the IPS has supported the development of a more integrated and co-ordinated approach to dealing with offenders, including those with addictions. The current model of provision is a mixed methods layered approach incorporating residential treatment provided in the community using a number of treatment regimes. This includes detoxification within prison, methadone treatment, one to one and group addiction counselling, specialist treatment methodologies (e.g. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Therapeutic Communities, 12 Step Programmes), harm reduction and relapse prevention. This mixed methods way of working fits with international best practice and is appropriate. The NDRIC framework is an important national development that the Probation Service and the IPS have aligned with. There are opportunities to further strengthen this alignment with NDRIC, most notably in the areas of care planning, enhanced communication and protocols with the HSE, better internal and external co-ordination. While small in number and primarily Dublin-based, community prison link workers are a valuable resource which provides a link for offenders between prison and the community. Greater integration of these workers in the system of provision, including links with the work of Probation Officers and Integrated Sentence Managers (ISMs), would be supported by the development of a formal joint Service Level Agreement between the Probation Service and the IPS and organisations providing community prison link workers. From the limited outcomes data that is available, positive outcomes are evident. Overall we can expect between 70% and 100% of those who enter a detox programme to complete it, and between 60% and 80% of those who commence treatment to complete it. Of those who complete treatment we can expect around half to return to training, education or employment. Around one-third will achieve total recovery, another one-third will manage their addiction safely and around one-third will relapse. (iv) Gaps in Provision The system of provision is evolving to address needs as they arise. Areas that pose particular challenges at present and that require attention and further development are: Treatment services for women offenders. Women, especially women with children, have specific needs that a comprehensive system of provision should cater for. While women with addiction are catered for within prison and within the community, the options available are relatively limited. The Probation Service and the IPS are aiming to address these challenges through a joint strategy for women offenders. There is a strong focus on drug addiction within the current system of provision. However, alcohol abuse is just as important a contributor to criminality as is drug addiction and abuse. Because of the non-availability of alcohol within the prison estate, prisoners with an alcohol addiction effectively have no choice other than to detox, with or without medication. Programmes that place more attention on the underlying reasons for alcohol addiction and how to prevent these triggers in the future as well as harm reduction strategies require further development across the prison estate. Within drug addiction, many of the treatment regimes are focused on opiate based drugs. However, in recent years the trends in usage have been away from opiates towards other drugs such as benzodiazepines and novel psychoactive substances, which are more difficult to detect. Treatment regimes are playing catch up to these developments, both in the community and within the prison estate. There are a growing number of offenders presenting with co-morbidities, e.g. alcohol and/or drug abuse combined with mental health issues. Best practice advocates a system of integrated dual treatment and many of the existing suites of community-based service providers and the system of provision within the prison estate does not adequately cater for co-morbidities. The absence of a peer-led positive drugs free environment, within the prison estate, for offenders who have come off drugs or alcohol needs to be addressed. (v) Development Needs In terms of actual work on the ground, certain aspects of the model of effective practice (see Figure 1 above for a summary and chapter five of the main report for the full model) require further development as follows: NDRIC is an important national framework that the Probation Service and the IPS should align further with wherever possible. This will help ensure continuity of care between different settings and optimal use of resources. As highlighted above, a more broadly based system of provision that caters for the specific needs of women offenders, treatments and interventions for alcohol abuse, treatments and interventions that accommodate the changing nature of drug abuse and co-morbidities is desirable. Within the prison estate, more focus on the development of alcohol treatment programmes would be beneficial as well as relevant screening and treatment regimes for nonopiate based drug addiction. This latter point also requires development within the community setting. With regard to co-morbidities, commissioning of service providers with expertise in mental health and treatment of addiction is one option. Another possibility is to develop protocols with the HSE on access to psychiatric and psychological services. Equity of access and treatment irrespective of location is a key principle that underpins the service provision model. This means that the current system of a broad base of community based organisations should be continued. However, as noted above, this could be strengthened by having more specialist services for women, services capable of addressing co-morbidities and services willing and able to deal with sex offenders or those with a history of violence. Within the prison estate, a minimum standard of provision should be present in every prison, with specialist programmes developed in Mountjoy. This is with a view to disseminating these throughout the prison estate once proven – in other words a hub and spoke model rather than a centralised model. Care planning the whole way through, from an offender being in the community (e.g. receiving treatment in the community through the HSE) to being in prison (where they might receive addiction counselling or participate in detox or continue with methadone maintenance) to discharge from prison back into the community, is an area that requires further work. Use of common assessment, screening tools and care plan templates can support a more co-ordinated care planning process. Currently, when an offender moves from the community into prison, there is a break in the care planning process. Similar breaks can occur on discharge, although the Integrated Sentence Management process has gone a considerable way to minimising this. Within the prison estate, clear responsibility for case management should be assigned and known. Information sharing, communication and co-ordination are requirements for effective through-care planning. At present, care plans do not follow the offender from one setting to another and at each stage the prison health staff, prison-based addiction counsellors, community-based treatment staff, Probation Officers, ISMs and community prison link workers are relying on the offender to inform them of what treatment or interventions they have engaged in before. Working with NDRIC, to develop a basic care plan that can be shared electronically, will support better co-ordination and effective provision of services. National protocols around referral, drop-out from treatment/interventions and information sharing require development to ensure a co-ordinated collaborative approach that supports effective case management and care planning between and within different settings. Better preparation of offenders who are moving to a residential treatment centre is an important success determinant in reducing drop-out rates, particularly in respect of offenders coming from a prison setting. Within the prison estate, a system of waiting time recording and management is a necessary step in order to support effective deployment of resources and efficient management of demand for services, particularly for addiction counselling. Harm reduction is an important component of the treatment toolkit (e.g. providing information and education on the risks of taking different types of drugs). Not every offender in treatment will successfully detox or remain drugs or alcohol free. Within the prison estate, a harm reduction programme should be developed and incorporated into the treatment regime. The Mountjoy Medical Unit operates the Drugs Treatment Programme (DTP). This could be improved through the development of a universal curriculum, better co-ordination of the service providers contracted to deliver different aspects of the curriculum and tracking of outcomes achieved. It has potential to be disseminated to other prisons once its effectiveness has been proven. For offenders remaining in prison, who have successfully detoxed, access to a peer-led positive drugs free environment will support their recovery. However, it must be remembered that within a community setting, drugs are readily available. This suggests that the primary focus should be on supporting offenders to build their own internal resilience and capacity to resist a return to addictive behaviours and be supported to build an alternative set of behaviours that support their good health and well-being. Considerable progress has been made in the management of release planning from prisons, e.g. the introduction of ISMs. However, there are still a number of areas where release of offenders with an addiction can be problematic, e.g. those who are homeless, or who are still chaotic drug users, or who are on remand, or who are released on bail by the courts, or who are on temporary release or post custody supervision. Managing these complex cases jointly and developing shared protocols would support more effective communication and coordination of such cases. The IPS needs to develop a national system of clinical governance for treatment within the prison estate that ensures consistency across prisons in the approach to treating offenders with addictions. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are a fundamental tool in the overall governance (both financial and operational) of external service providers/CBOs contracted to provide addiction related services either in the community or within prisons. The SLAs that currently are in place have too much variability in their requirements for each service provider and there are inconsistencies between those of the Probation Service and the IPS. A standardised SLA template should be used by the Probation Service and the IPS for contracting of CBOs. One group of workers who currently provide services within the prison system have no SLA or oversight by either the Probation Service or the IPS, i.e. community prison link workers. This needs to be addressed, given that funding for their work is channelled through the Department of Justice and Equality. All Service Level Agreements should incorporate an agreed set of outcomes. For treatment services we would recommend a small number of performance indicators that focus on participation and treatment outcomes. These indicators should apply to community based services and treatment programmes within the prison estate. Joint training between community based organisations, the Probation Service and the IPS would facilitate useful networking and sharing of good practice and learning. This would also support working across the silos that are within the control of the Probation Service and the IPS. Finally, funding levels by the Probation Service should be maintained while those of the IPS should be restored to 2011 levels in order to address the gaps identified above. Multi-annual SLAs (covering up to a three-year period) should be considered for all service providers. Detailed recommendations are provided in chapter fifteen. Details: Dublin: Irish Probation Service and Irish Prison Service, 2016. 112p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 27, 2017 at: http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/PS_IPS_Probation_Review_of_treatment_for_offenders.pdf/Files/PS_IPS_Probation_Review_of_treatment_for_offenders.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/PS_IPS_Probation_Review_of_treatment_for_offenders.pdf/Files/PS_IPS_Probation_Review_of_treatment_for_offenders.pdf Shelf Number: 144929 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug OffendersDrug Treatment ProgramsSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Roberts, Ellie Title: Family Drug and Alcohol Court National Unit: independent evaluation Summary: The Family Drug and Alcohol Courts (FDAC) aim to improve outcomes for children and families by providing an alternative way of working with parents involved in care proceedings who are experiencing substance misuse. FDAC encourages parents to believe recovery and change are possible, alongside a realistic understanding of the challenges they face. Research published by Brunel University in 2014 indicated that the FDAC model was promising; showing that a higher proportion of parents whose case was heard in FDAC had ceased misusing substances by the end of proceedings, and more FDAC than comparison families were reunited with their children. Additionally, proportionately fewer children in FDAC families experienced new neglect or abuse in the first year following reunification (Harwin et al., 2014). Following the publication of the initial research by Brunel University, careful consideration was given to how best to scale-up FDAC in order to improve outcomes for more children and families. This resulted in a successful funding application to the Department of Education’s (DfE) Children’s Social Care Innovation Programme (hereafter the Innovation Programme) to create the FDAC 'National Unit'. The National Unit was originally commissioned to support 4 new sites to set-up FDACs. However, over the course of the first month, the number of sites increased to 9 due to the inclusion of 5 West Yorkshire local authorities, and Southampton joining the community of practice. Recent research, conducted by Brunel University London, Lancaster University and RyanTunnardBrown with methodological guidance from NatCen, has found evidence of the sustained benefits of FDAC. For example, the 'After FDAC: outcomes 5 years later' study, funded by the Innovation Programme, estimated that a higher proportion of FDAC than comparison reunification mothers abstained from drugs or alcohol over the 5 year follow-up (Harwin et al., 2016). Overview of evaluation In 2015 NatCen Social Research was commissioned by DfE to evaluate the FDAC National Unit. The evaluation aimed to gather an in-depth understanding of the work and contribution of the National Unit from the perspective of key stakeholders. The evaluation was underpinned by a theory of change and involved 32 in-depth qualitative interviews with individuals from new FDAC sites and 13 interviews with other stakeholders including members of the National Unit; individuals from sites who launched their FDAC before the National Unit was established; and key government stakeholders. NatCen was also commissioned to provide independent methodological advice and guidance on 2 further studies on FDAC: • NatCen acted as a critical friend on the methodology of the 2016 evaluation of FDAC, 'After FDAC: outcomes 5 years later', funded by the Innovation Programme and conducted by Brunel University London, Lancaster University and RyanTunnardBrown (Harwin et al., 2016) • NatCen provided methodological guidance to the Centre for Justice Innovation on their research assessing the value for money of FDAC, 'Better Courts: the financial impact of the London Family Drug and Alcohol Court' (Reeder et al., 2016). Details: London: UK Department of Education, 2017. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Children’s Social Care Innovation Programme Evaluation Report 12: Accessed January 30, 2017 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/585193/Family_drug_and_alcohol_court_national_unit_evaluation.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/585193/Family_drug_and_alcohol_court_national_unit_evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 144881 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug CourtFamily Drug CourtsProblem-Solving Courts |
Author: Dijk, Annigje van Title: Is violence hiding behind bars? Encounters with trauma in the fight against alcoholism waged by beneficiaries and staff members of a small detox centre in N'Djamena, Chad Summary: In N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, the idea of 'trauma' became embedded in the 'fight against aloholism' of a small centre, guiding ideas and therpeutic practices in the detoxification trajectories of individuals. I studied this case as one of multiple engagements with trauma in 'conflict-affected' areas, the number of which is growing now global mental health has become one of the new pillars of international intervention. Using 'friction', a concept of Tsing (2005), I analysed what happens in the different encounters with trauma in this centre, on the level of the centre's staff, and on that of its beneficiaries. I argue that staff, in their construction of a 'trauma narrative' around alcoholism, also start to see 'violence' in ways that are different than their beneficiaries. These beneficiaries take some parts, but not others of the psychotherapeutic 'version' of their own stories over in their own narratives. The idea that is central to trauma, that it layse bare 'hidden violence', however, makes that the discrepancies between their stories remains. This paradox shows that 'trauma' in a powerful concept that, when applied, can easily overlook or judge alternative ways of giving meaning to violence. Details: Utrecht, NL: Utrecht University, 2016. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 28, 2017 at: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/338950 Year: 2016 Country: Chad URL: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/338950 Shelf Number: 141249 Keywords: Aggressive BehaviorAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismMental Health |
Author: Butler, Nadia Title: Liverpool's Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention: Progress monitoring report Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, intoxicated individuals and flouting these laws can result in fines being imposed on the person (e.g. bar staff) selling the alcohol, the holder of the premises license, the premises supervisor or the person who purchases alcohol on behalf of an intoxicated individual (CPS, 2005). Despite this, public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation is typically low (HC Deb, 2014; Hughes & Anderson, 2008; Hughes et al., 2014). Nightlife settings across the UK are characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015). Further, research suggests that many nightlife users arrive in nightlife environments already intoxicated, having consumed a substantial amount of alcohol at home before going on a night out (i.e. preloading; Anderson et al., 2007; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016a; Quigg et al., 2016b). Excessive alcohol consumption not only damages the public's health, but also places a large burden on police, local authorities and health services who must manage nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour, violence and alcohol-related injuries (Anderson et al., 2007; Drummond et al., 2005). To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at both local and national level including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety (Bellis et al., 2011; HM Government, 2012). Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that such measures can contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). In 2013, the first UK study of bar servers' propensity to serve alcohol to drunks was undertaken in Liverpool City Centre and found that 84% of purchase attempts by pseudointoxicated actors resulted in the sale of alcohol (Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks can be achieved through multi-agency interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the law around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training (Andreasson et al., 2000; Lenk et al., 2006; Wallin et al., 2005). Following the presentation of these findings to local partners across Liverpool, the multi-component Say No to Drunks pilot intervention was developed and implemented. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of the legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Findings from the evaluation of this first pilot study were positive and suggested improved public awareness of the legislation on sales of alcohol to drunks and increased bar server confidence in refusing such sales. While wider impacts were not observed, it represented the first step in a continued body of work to address sales of alcohol to drunks and creating safer nightlife environments in Liverpool (Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). Thus, in 2015 the intervention was further refined and rebranded as Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) and was subsequently implemented as a second phase. Phase two built on key elements of the pilot intervention and was comprised f: a social marketing and public awareness campaign; bar staff training; and police enforcement. Further, it covered a wider geographical area and also targeted nightlife users prior to entering the night-time economy. Findings from the evaluation of DLEM were positive, crucially showing that the service of alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated actors had reduced substantially from 84% in 2013 to 26% in 2015 (Hughes et al., 2014; Quigg et al., 2016b). The evaluation suggested that learning from the pilot phase and subsequent amendments to the intervention, and a greater commitment to implementing all aspects of the intervention, served to strengthen the intervention's impact (Quigg et al., 2016b). Although wider impacts on addressing the culture of drunkenness in Liverpool's nightlife were not observed, local partners recognise that the intervention is a crucial step in preventing the sales of alcohol to intoxicated patrons in Liverpool. Subsequently, the DLEM intervention continues to be a key work stream to prevent alcohol-related harms in the city's nightlife during peak periods (e.g. UEFA European Championship; Student Fresher's week; Halloween). As part of an ongoing monitoring and development process of DLEM, the Public Health Institute (PHI), Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to implement a research study to monitor progress of key elements of the intervention. Specifically the study aimed to: - Explore bar server awareness of legislation around the sale of alcohol to drunks; perceptions of the intervention; and their propensity to serve alcohol to drunks (i.e. pseudo-intoxicated actors); and, - Assess nightlife user: knowledge of the laws around the sale of alcohol to, and purchasing of alcohol for intoxicated individuals; perceptions and attitudes relating to drunkenness in nightlife; patterns of alcohol consumption and use of the night-time economy; and awareness and perceptions of the intervention. Details: Liverpool: Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 147609 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the Liverpool Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, a drunk person (Regulated under Section 141 and 142 of the Licensing Act 2003). However, until recent times public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation has appeared to be low. Critically, UK nightlife environments are often characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms. Excessive alcohol use damages the public's health, while managing nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour and violence places huge demands on police, local authorities and health services. To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at local and national levels including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety. Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that these measures may contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness. A study conducted in Liverpool in 2013 found that 84% of alcohol purchase attempts by pseudo-intoxicated actors in pubs, bars and nightclubs were successful (i.e. alcohol was sold to the actor; Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks, and associated harms, in nightlife settings can be achieved through the implementation of multi-component interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the laws around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training. Thus to address the sale of alcohol to drunks in the city's nightlife, local partners developed and implemented the multi-component Say No To Drunks pilot intervention. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Following an evaluation of Say No To Drunks, the intervention was further refined, broadened and implemented as a second phase in 2015 - rebranded to Drink Less Enjoy More. To inform the continued development of the intervention, the Centre for Public Health at Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to evaluate the intervention, comparing the results to previous work. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Liverpool-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-evaluation-report-March-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Liverpool-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-evaluation-report-March-2016.pdf Shelf Number: 147610 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder Alcoholism Antisocial BehaviorDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the South Wales Know the Score Intervention Summary: Excessive alcohol consumption, drunkenness and associated harms are a common feature of nightlife settings in the UK (Bellis and Hughes, 2011; Graham et al., 2013). Whilst the sale of alcohol to people who are drunk is illegal under UK law, public awareness of this legislation and bar server compliance with it appears to be low (Hughes and Anderson, 2008; Hughes et al., 2014). While this law is often broken and few convictions for the service of alcohol to drunks are successful (HM Government, 2012), licensed premises have a clear legal and social responsibility to prevent such sales. Previous studies have shown that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks, and associated harms, can be achieved through the implementation of multi‐agency interventions which promote awareness and increase enforcement of the legislation. Thus, to address the sale of alcohol to drunks, the Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales and South Wales Police developed and implemented the Know the Score #drinklessenjoymore pilot intervention. The intervention aimed to increase bar staff and public awareness of the law and promote responsible drinking behaviours in nightlife environments. It included: a social marketing campaign; radio broadcasts; intervention materials promoting the campaign (e.g. posters, bar server t‐ shirts); enhanced police enforcement; and promotion of the intervention materials by the Welsh Rugby Union and other partner agencies. To inform the development of the pilot intervention and provide a baseline for monitoring progress of future work, an evaluation was undertaken which comprised of pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys with nightlife patrons in Cardiff and Swansea City Centres. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Know-the-Score-pilot-evaluation-FINAL-REPORT-July-2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Know-the-Score-pilot-evaluation-FINAL-REPORT-July-2015.pdf Shelf Number: 147629 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Alcoholism Drunk and Disorderly Nightime EconomyPublicity Campaigns |