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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:59 am
Time: 11:59 am
Results for amnesty
4 results foundAuthor: Miller, Nathan H. Title: Strategic Leniency and Cartel Enforcement Summary: The cornerstone of cartel enforcement in the United States and elsewhere is a commitment to the lenient prosecution of early confessors. A burgeoning game-theoretical literature is ambiguous regarding the impacts of leniency. I develop a theoretical model of cartel behavior that provides empirical predictions and moment conditions, and apply the model to the complete set of indictments and information reports issued over a twenty year span. Reduced-form statistical tests are consistent with the notion that leniency enhances deterrence and detection capabilities. Direct estimation of the model, via the method of moments, yields a 59 percent lower cartel formation rate and a 62 percent higher cartel detection rate due to leniency. The results have implications for market e±ciency and criminal enforcement. Details: Berkeley, CA: University of California-Berkeley, Department of Economics, 2007. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2011 at: Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 121396 Keywords: AmnestyCartelsOrganized Crime |
Author: Barbarino, Alessandro Title: The Incapacitation Effect of Incarceration: Evidence From Several Italian Collective Pardons Summary: We estimate the “incapacitation effect” on crime using variation in Italian prison population driven by eight collective pardons passed between 1962 and 1995. The prison releases are sudden — within one day —, very large — up to 35 percent of the entire prison population — and happen nationwide. Exploiting this quasi-natural experiment we break the simultaneity of crime and prisoners as in Levitt (1996) and, in addition, use the national character of the pardons to separately identify incapacitation from changes in deterrence. The elasticity of total crime with respect to incapacitation is -15 percent. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that Italy’s prison population is below its optimal level: the estimated marginal social cost of crime is more than two times the cost of incarceration. Details: Unpublished Paper, 2011. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 5, 2011 at: http://www.carloalberto.org/people/mastrobuoni/doc/ReducedPardonJan2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Italy URL: http://www.carloalberto.org/people/mastrobuoni/doc/ReducedPardonJan2011.pdf Shelf Number: 121647 Keywords: AmnestyCost-Benefit AnalysisDeterrenceImprisonmentPardons |
Author: Comino, Stefano Title: Silence of the Innocents: Illegal Immigrants' Summary: We analyze the consequences of illegally residing in a country on the likelihood of reporting a crime to the police and, as a consequence, on the likelihood to become victims of a crime. We use an immigration amnesty to address two issues when dealing with the legal status of immigrants: it is both endogenous as well as mostly unobserved in surveys. Right after the 1986 US Immigration Reform and Control Act, which disproportionately legalized individuals of Hispanic origin, crime victims of Hispanic origin in cities with a large proportion of illegal Hispanics become considerably more likely to report a crime. Non-Hispanics show no changes. Difference-in-differences estimates that adjust for the mis-classification of legal status imply that the reporting rate of undocumented immigrants is close to 11 percent. Gaining legal status the reporting rate triples, approaching the reporting rate of non-Hispanics. We also find some evidence that following the amnesty Hispanics living in metropolitan areas with a large share of illegal migrants experience a reduction in victimization. This is coherent with a simple behavioral model of crime that guides our empirical strategies, where amnesties increase the reporting rate of legalized immigrants, which, in turn, modify the victimization of natives and migrants. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2016. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 10306: Accessed November 16, 2016 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp10306.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp10306.pdf Shelf Number: 141192 Keywords: AmnestyCrime Reporting Illegal Immigrants Immigrants Victimization Survey |
Author: Rodriguez, Joseph Title: The Effect of the Fugitive Safe Surrender Program on Violent Crime Summary: In light of the Ferguson Report, many have called for a return to community oriented policing. To that end, one tactic suggested is a reduction in the number of outstanding bench warrants and attached fees and fines levied by municipalities on residents. In order to accomplish this many communities have recently enacted warrant amnesty programs that aim to reduce the number of outstanding bench warrants for people charged with lesser crimes and misdemeanors. St. Louis has led this effort, designating over 200,000 warrants as eligible for amnesty in late 2014. During this time St. Louis experienced a marked increase in violent crime, leading some to view amnesty programs as drivers of higher crime rates. In order to evaluate this claim more rigorously, this study looked at an earlier nationwide program aimed at reducing the number of outstanding warrants in communities. The Fugitive Safe Surrender Program was administered by the US Marshals in a number of cities across the nation. Using city level panel data from 2005-2014, this paper utilizes a fixed effects specification to study the relationship between the Fugitive Safe Surrender Program and violent crime rates in the 108 most populous cities of the United States. The results suggest that there is no positive correlation between the program and violent crime rates. Furthermore, the analysis suggests the presence of a small negative correlation between the number of individual process by the FSS program and violent crime rates in the calendar year in which the program was administered. The results demonstrate a need for further research as more cities have adopted warrant amnesty programs similar to the FSS program. Details: Washington, DC: Georgetown University, 2016. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed June 20, 2018 at: https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1040862 Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1040862 Shelf Number: 150607 Keywords: AmnestyFugitives Safe Surrender Violent Crime Warrants |