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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:10 pm
Time: 12:10 pm
Results for anti-social behavior
55 results foundAuthor: Hodgkinson, James Title: Reducing Gang Related Crime: A Systematic Review of 'Comprehensive' Interventions Summary: What do we want to know? The specific aims of this systematic review were as follows: - to produce a systematic map describing the range of research on interventions implemented in response to gang related crime and anti-social behaviour - to carry out an in-depth review focusing on a specific sub-group of 'comprehensive' interventions to assess the effectiveness of this type of intervention - to explore which 'mechanisms of change' might be important to underpin the practice of effective comprehensive interventions - to make recommendations for policy and practice, based on these findings After the initial mapping stage, the decision was taken to focus on the following in-depth review question: Are comprehensive interventions more effective at reducing gang related criminal activity and anti-social behaviour than usual service provision? ('Comprehensive' refers to multi-faceted approaches encompassing more than one distinct type of intervention.) In answering this question, the review also explored whether some types of comprehensive interventions were more effective than others. Why do we want to know? Gang-related crime and anti-social behaviour continue to be issues of concern at both a national and local level. The majority of available research concentrates on explanations of risk factors, gang definitions and sociological explanations of gang behaviour. In short, it does not focus on the effectiveness of specific approaches or interventions which are designed to impact on gang-related crime. This systematic review was undertaken in order to respond to a need for evidence for developing interventions in areas experiencing problems concerning gang-related criminal activity. The review focuses on assessing the effectiveness of interventions so that recommendations can be made around replication and implementation. What did we find? The in-depth review focused on studies that: - evaluated comprehensive interventions - included gang members - contained some element of evaluation and scored at least 3 on the Maryland Scale of Scientific Methods - reported crime reduction outcomes - provided data necessary for statistical synthesis The synthesis found that, overall, the comprehensive interventions had a positive, but not statistically significant, effect on reducing crime outcomes compared with usual service provision (i.e. whatever was in place either in a comparison area or before the specific intervention). The review identified a number of mechanisms of change which were present in those interventions associated with positive outcomes. In the higher quality studies with positive effects, the comprehensive interventions included one or more of the following mechanisms of change: case management / provision of a personalised holistic approach - community involvement in the planning of interventions - community involvement in the delivery of interventions - expertise shared between agencies - delivery of incentives to change offending behaviour, as part of a wider comprehensive intervention approach It is not clear whether only one of these mechanisms of change is the effective one, or if more than one of these mechanisms is needed to produce the desired outcome (and in which combination). In addition, the evidence does not suggest that the actual number of components in a comprehensive intervention is associated with effect size. These are issues that warrant further investigation in the evaluation of new comprehensive interventions What are the implications? While the evidence does not allow us to justify a policy recommendation to use, or not use, comprehensive interventions to tackle gang-related criminal activity, the review has identified a small positive effect for comprehensive interventions. All the interventions evaluated in the studies included in this review took place in the United States and it is therefore not possible to be sure of their transferability into a UK context. Comprehensive interventions warrant further rigorous evaluation in a UK context and policy should support the use of such interventions in the context of a rigorous evaluation. The future design of comprehensive interventions in the UK context should also allow further investigation of those mechanisms of change, which the review suggests are important in successful comprehensive interventions. How did we get these results? In order to ensure that the review is relevant to policy and practice, it has been informed by a range of users that have an interest in the results, including practitioners, policymakers and academics. The views of the user group informed both the scope and direction of the review. A thorough search strategy was developed and all the main social science databases were searched, in addition to handsearching of bibliographies and searches of grey literature. This systematic search processes identified studies which: - were linked to gang-related crime or anti-social behaviour - focused on an intervention - reported outcomes that were specifically related to reducing or preventing gang-related antisocial or criminal behaviour The characteristics of studies meeting the inclusion criteria defined above were mapped in order to refine the research question for the in-depth review. The in-depth review then focused on 'comprehensive' interventions (multifaceted approaches encompassing more than one type of intervention), and studies describing this type of approach were subject to data-extraction and quality appraisal, using the Maryland Scale of Scientific Methods. Narrative and statistical synthesis of the included studies was undertaken, focusing firstly on the intervention type and then on the different outcome measures in the studies. Details: London: EPPI-Centre, 2003. 155p. Source: Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London Year: 2003 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/cms/Portals/0/PDF%20reviews%20and%20summaries/Gang%20Violence%20TRWEB.pdf?ver=2009-08-11-150732-780 Shelf Number: 116653 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorGangsIntervention Programs |
Author: Piquero, Alex R. Title: Effectiveness of Programs Designed to Improve Self-Control Summary: Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime has generated significant controversy and research, such that there now exists a large knowledge base regarding the importance of self-control in regulating antisocial behavior over the life course. Reviews of this literature indicate that self-control is an important correlate of antisocial activity. There has been some research examining programmatic efforts designed to examine the extent to which self-control is malleable, but little empirical research on this issue has been carried out within criminology, largely because the theorists have not paid much attention to policy proscriptions. This study evaluates the extant research on the effectiveness of programs designed to improve self-control up to age 10 among children and adolescents, and assesses the effects of these programs on self-control and delinquency/crime. Meta-analytic results indicate that: (1) self-control programs improve a child/adolescent's self control; (2) these interventions also reduce delinquency; and (3) the positive effects generally hold across a number of different moderator variables and groupings as well as by outcome source (parent-, teacher-, direct observer-, self-, and clinical report). Theoretical and policy implications are also discussed. Details: Stockholm: Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, 2009. 44p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 116628 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDelinquency PreventionGeneral Theory of CrimeSelf-Control |
Author: Gregg, David Title: Family Intervention Projects: A Classic Case of Policy-Based Evidence Summary: The Family Intervention Project (FIP) became a flagship policy in New Labour's anti-social behaviour strategy. This briefing discusses critically the attitude of the New Labour government to the academic evaluations of the FIPs; it argues the government failed to take seriously the clear messages that evaluators were offering about the efficacy of FIPs and the impact the policy was having on families with significant mental health problems and other social vulnerabilities. Instead, it argues, the government had already decided on the policy and distorted the evidence base provided by successive evaluations in press briefings and other public pronouncements to justify an ongoing expansion of the FIP programme. Details: London: Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, 2010. 21p. Source: Internet Resource; Evidence Based Policy Series Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119372 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorFamily InterventionsMental Health |
Author: KPMG Title: Evaluation of the Temporary Late Night Entry Declaration: Final Report Summary: In May 2008, the Director of Liquor Licensing made a temporary late night entry declaration to help reduce alcohol-related violence and disorder. The declaration was introduced across four inner municipalities of Melbourne (including Stonnington, Port Phillip, Yarra and Melbourne). The initiative allowed patrons to remain on a licensed premises after a designated time but prevented new customers from entering or customers from re-entering after leaving. Under the Liquor Control Reform Act 1998 (the Act), the declaration commenced at 2am on 3 June and concluded on 2 September 2008. It was enforced across: general licences trading after 2am (this does not affect residents or guests of residents of the general licensed premises); on premises licences trading after 2am (this does not affect on-premises licences, which contain a condition from section 9 of the Act - restaurant conditions); and limited licences (including a renewable limited licence) where trading has been authorised after 2am. In November 2008, KPMG completed an independent evaluation of the Melbourne CBD temporary lockout that examined how well it addressed alcohol-related violence and antisocial behaviour. Key stakeholders including licensees, patrons and the broader community were invited to participate in an evaluation conducted through online surveys, focus groups and interviews. The evaluation used a range of data sources in addition to relevant crime data. The report highlighted some of the difficulties experienced during the temporary lockout, including problems that arose from venues granted an exemption by VCAT. These venues were permitted to continue allowing customers to enter or re-enter the premises, making police enforcement difficult and confusing patrons. Despite these difficulties, the report's findings indicate the lockout was an effective way of reducing late night alcohol-related violence. Details: Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Justice, 2008. 172p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/e8e27c80441a1ab8bfa6ff1b048e52c2/Evaluation_TemporaryLateNightEntry_Declaration_FinalReport.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Year: 2008 Country: Australia URL: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/e8e27c80441a1ab8bfa6ff1b048e52c2/Evaluation_TemporaryLateNightEntry_Declaration_FinalReport.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Shelf Number: 120051 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social Behavior |
Author: Allen Consulting Group Title: Alcohol-Related Harm and the Operation of Licensed Premises Summary: The Allen Consulting Group has been commissioned by the Department of Justice to estimate the social costs of alcohol-related harm in Victoria and to review the available evidence linking alcohol-related harm to the operation of licensed premises. This is because the Victorian Government has committed to a review of liquor licensing fees that involves ‘consideration given to a differentiated, risk-based fee structure that also operates as a mechanism to ensure that licensees associated with the most harm pay a commensurate fee. Consideration of a risk-based fee structure requires a detailed and robust understanding of a number of important factors that are covered in this report, namely: the costs of alcohol related harm in Victoria and the quantum of costs borne by the Victorian Government; a review of evidence from the literature examining the link between alcohol-related harm and licensed venues, and whether there are any factors associated with licensed premises that indicate higher risk of alcohol-related harm; data analysis which tests whether any factors identified in the literature review are associated with alcohol-related harm in or near licensed venues in a Victorian setting; and the development of risk-based licensing models to encourage licensees to modify their behavior to reduce the social costs of alcohol-related harm. Details: Melbourne, Victoria: Allen Consulting Group, 2009. 100p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/c9e3b000404aa2559dddfff5f2791d4a/harm_study_July_2009.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/c9e3b000404aa2559dddfff5f2791d4a/harm_study_July_2009.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Shelf Number: 120052 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social Behavior |
Author: Cassematis, Peter Title: Understanding Glassing Incidents on Licensed Premises: Dimensions, Prevention and Control Summary: ‘Glassings’ have emerged as a particularly concerning component of violence occurring within licensed establishments in many parts of Queensland. The current project aimed to address the knowledge gap about glassing behaviour by examining various dimensions of glassing, and evaluating the likely success of alternative strategies for reducing glassing incidents and minimizing related harm. The analysis was informed by undertaking a review of published literature that addressed the causes and management of aggression in venues, as well as literature addressing the comparative safety of plastic and toughened glass to normal glass as well as the impact of changing drinking vessels on venue aggression. The findings drawn from prior research were then integrated with new data collected for this project. Two sources of raw data were analysed. One source of raw data was text based reports of 34 glassing incidents in Gold Coast venues (October 2007 - February 2009). These reports were provided by Qld. Liquor Licensing, Queensland Police Service and newspaper reports. Frequency counts were generated based on themes present within each separate incident report. The second source of data was semi-structured interviews of venue representatives with managerial responsibilities. Frequency counts of themes were aggregated to identify typical venue management experiences, attitudes, and beliefs regarding predictors of glassing assault and the perceived efficacy of plastic, glass and rapid removal. Based on our analysis, we formed the view that glassing is an outcome from a complex interaction of patron and venue based characteristics. Glassing is most likely to occur on weekends between 9.00 pm and 3.00 am. Taverns or nightclubs are the most likely to be the site of a glassing. Glassing assaults have the same initial conflicts as non-glassing assaults. Young males are most likely to be offenders but participants believed a variety of intrapersonal deficits were more predictive than demography. Glass is used as a weapon because it is convenient. Plastic is likely to be the safest material but is least acceptable to venues. Most participants favoured a combination of toughened glass and rapid removal. An educative advertising campaign, tougher penalties for offenders and a safer drinking vessel combined with rapid removal is likely to have the biggest impact on glassing behaviour. The findings of the research gave rise to six practical recommendations intended to control the frequency of glassing attempts and lessen the severity of injury that occurs from completed attempts. Six areas for research have been suggested as particularly pertinent to increasing the presently limited store of relevant knowledge. Key learnings emerging from the project have been identified and presented in this report. Details: Brisbane: Queensland Government, 2009. 190p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.olgr.qld.gov.au/resources/liquorDocs/Glassing_Incidents_Final_Report_Sept_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.olgr.qld.gov.au/resources/liquorDocs/Glassing_Incidents_Final_Report_Sept_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 120053 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorAssaultsInjuryViolence |
Author: Vancouver Police Department Title: Project Lockstep: A United Effort To Save Lines In the Downtown Eastside Summary: People residing in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES) are negatively affected by mental health illues, illicit and licit substance abuse, drug trafficking, alcoholism, physical health issues like HIV and Hepatitis C infestions, substandard and insufficient housing, illegitimate businesses, crime and public disorder, an entrenched survival sex trade, and a historical reduction in police presence. These problems, crime and public disorder in particular, harm surrounding Vancouver neighbourhoods, the metro region, and the Province of BC. This report calls for immediate action to improves the lives of those most in need in the DTES. Details: Vancouver, BC: Vancouver Police Department, 2009. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 8, 2011 at: http://vancouver.ca/police/assets/pdf/reports-policies/vpd-project-lockstep.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: http://vancouver.ca/police/assets/pdf/reports-policies/vpd-project-lockstep.pdf Shelf Number: 120710 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCommunitiesCrime and Public Disorder (Vancouver)HomelessnessProstitution |
Author: Forsyth, Alasdair J. Title: An Investigation into the Environmental Impact of Off-license Premises on Residential Neighbourhoods Summary: In recent times there has been a great deal of concern about levels of anti-social behaviour across the UK (Home Office, 2005; House of Commons, 2005; Scottish Parliament, 2003). Several reports have investigated the role of alcohol as a potentially important contributor to this problem (Babb, 2007; Engineer et al, 2003; Finney, 2004; Home Office, 2001; Matthews et al, 2006; Richardson & Budd, 2003; Travis, 2004). These fears have led to a raft of legislative reaction, from both national governments and local authorities, which has included measures such as the banning of irresponsible promotions (e.g. ‘happy hours’) and the introduction of alcohol / anti-social behaviour dispersal / disorder ‘zones’ (e.g. see Academy of Medical Sciences, 2004; Hetherington, 2004; ‘Nicholson Committee Report’, 2004; Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, 2004). However, to date these policies have tended to be focused more towards alcohol-related disorder associated with on-trade licensed premises (i.e. public houses and nightclubs), particularly those located in city centre night-time economies, rather than towards the off-trade sector or residential neighbourhoods. Consequently it has recently been identified that there has also been a paucity of research into these latter issues (e.g. Human Factors Analysts Limited, 2007; Jayne et al, 2006). This oversight seems odd given that the off-trade sector is indicated as the source of the current rise in alcohol consumption across the UK over the past 20 years. For example, statistics released by the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs revealed that compared with 2002-2003, the period up to 31st of March 2004 saw a 5.5% decrease in on-trade purchases of alcohol compared with a 9.0% increase in purchases for home consumption (DEFRA, 2005a). Similarly, according to the Scottish Beer and Pub Association (SBPA, 2005), since 1980 there are 14% more licensed public houses compared with 25% more off-licences, this set against a background where progressively more pub income is being generated from food provision and where progressively larger off-trade premises (major supermarkets) are selling alcohol alongside ‘basic’ provisions rather than small ‘traditional’ designated off-licenses. Additionally, whereas it is true that alcohol in general has become steadily more affordable over the past two decades, this masks great differences between the off-trade and on-trade sectors, with for example off-trade beer prices actually falling since the millennium, such that by 2005 the off-trade price of beer was under 1.5 times that of the late 1980s, compared to nearly 2.5 times for on-trade beer (Godfrey, 2007). The view that off-licenses are a major cause of (alcohol-related) anti-social behaviour is not only unfashionable but controversial. There are number of ways in which off-trade outlets (i.e. off-licences) may be thought to have the potential to be a greater cause of alcohol-related harm in the community than on-trade outlets (i.e. pubs or clubs) including: • Off-trade prices tend to be cheaper (BBPA, 2007;Godfrey, 2005) and have to date largely escaped policy initiatives aimed at curbing irresponsible promotions such as deep price discounting (‘Daniels Report’, 2004), which may encourage immodest consumption (e.g. Kuo et al, 2003). This is unfortunate, as off-trade sales are known to be more price responsive, since a portion of on-trade sales are deemed to be spent towards the social setting (e.g. BBPA, 2007; Prime Ministers Strategy Unit, 2004). • The alcohol products sold by some off-licenses are those which have been identified as encouraging immodest consumption, such as super-lagers, white ciders, tonic wine and other fortified beverages (e.g. Brain & Parker, 1997; ‘Daniels Report’, 2004; Forsyth et al, 1997; Galloway et al, 2006; Hughes et al, 1997). • Despite surveys indicating that off-trade outlets, rather than on-trade premises, are the main source of alcohol consumed by younger under-age drinkers, either directly or indirectly via third party (agent) purchase (e.g. Boreham & McManus, 2003; Bradshaw, 2003; Corbett et al, 2005; Forsyth & Barnard, 2000; Maxwell et al, 2007; Toomey et al, 2004; Willner et al, 2000), concerns have been raised that little has been done to tackle this, with for example only 905 prosecutions of off-sales premises for licensing offences, in Scotland during 2001, resulting in only 100 convictions (‘Daniels Report’, 2004) and only three under-age drinkers being prosecuted in the Lothian (Edinburgh) region during 2004 (Stow, 2005). • Off-trade purchases can involve a very large amount of alcohol being purchased with no control over who actually drinks it or the consequences of this consumption (e.g. see Galloway et al, 2006; Human Factors Analysts Limited, 2007). By way of contrast, on-trade purchases involve measured doses with consumption being continually monitored by serving staff (e.g. see Forsyth et al, 2005; Forsyth, 2006; Graham et al, 2005). In short, on-trade consumption is supervised by those with a vested interest in ensuring that it is consumed sensibly, off-trade consumption is not (the same principle applies to the supply of methadone to illegal drug consumers at pharmacies, e.g. see Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 2007). • In the extreme, there is some evidence serious crimes of violence are more likely to be associated with off-trade alcohol consumption in residential areas than with the much more high profile alleged ‘binge drinking’ problems associated with city centre pubs and clubs (Norstrom, 1998; Scribner et al, 1999). For example, during 2002 in the Strathclyde Police area, which includes Glasgow, the city with the highest homicide rate in Western Europe, there were 81 murders, none of which occurred within the city centre, despite 44% of these accused being described as drunk at the time of the killing (Lawson, 2003; Scottish Executive, 2003). This research will address these issues by focusing upon licensed convenience stores (grocers / newsagents) operating in residential areas. Unlike on-trade premises, these outlets (community off-sales) often provide a broad range of services for the wider community, not just drinkers or the over-18s. Unlike city centre weekend binge drinking, the impact of such premises on residents is likely to be continuous and long-lasting, affecting the whole community. For many residents, including children, these premises and their alcohol purchasing clientele offer their only exposure to the consequences of (anti-social) drinking. Details: Glasgow: Scottish Centre for Crime & Justice Research and Glasgow Centre for the Study of Violence, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2007. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 26, 2011 at: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0041.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0041.pdf Shelf Number: 122558 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, Disorder (Scotland)Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Wood, Sara Title: Evaluation of the Youth Crime Action Plan (YCAP) in Liverpool Summary: The Youth Crime Action Plan (YCAP) was developed in 2008 and involves a three tier approach to tackle anti‐social behaviour and crime committed by youths. Comprising seven programmes or strands, it aims to reduce offending and re‐offending rates among young people by earlier prevention, tougher enforcement and punishment, and non‐negotiable support. YCAP is being delivered by sixty‐nine local authorities across the country, including Liverpool. The Centre for Public Health (CPH) was commissioned by Liverpool City Council to evaluate the six main YCAP projects implemented across Liverpool, and to report on a seventh strand in which YCAP funding was provided to various agencies to help support young victims of crime: 1. Reparation in leisure time (RLT). 2. Operation Staysafe (OS). 3. Street‐Based Teams (SBTs). 4. After School Patrols (ASPs). 5. Family Intervention Project (FIP). 6. Triage in custody suites 7. Supporting young victims. This report provides findings from all evaluations and studies, which were conducted between April 2010 and March 2011. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 8, 2011 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=723 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=723 Shelf Number: 123264 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorJuvenile Offenders (U.K.)Rehabilitation, JuvenilesReoffending |
Author: Armitage, Rachel Title: The Impact of Connectivity and Through-Movement within Residential Developments on Levels of Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: This briefing note focuses upon the impact of levels of connectivity and through-movement (within residential housing developments) on levels of crime and anti-social behaviour (ASB). The note is one of a series of themed papers which reports the findings from a collaborative project funded by the Home Office and managed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE). The project set out to strengthen and update the evidence base on the impact of residential design on a range of crime types – with a specific focus on housing developments acclaimed for their innovative design and award winning architecture. It should be highlighted that although this briefing note is designed as a summary document, the findings and recommendations are based upon a seven month project conducted by a consortium of universities including experts within the field of designing out crime, statistical modelling, urban design and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The project was overseen by an expert Steering Group who ensured that the research was conducted to the required standards in terms of independence and methodological rigour. The main aim of the research was to establish which features of residential design impact upon crime (either positively or negatively) and whether these design features are those being promoted as good practice within planning policy and guidance. In terms of connectivity and through-movement, this includes questions such as: Are culs-de-sac safer than through roads? Are some cul-de-sac designs safer than others? Can footpaths be included within a development without increasing crime risks? How safe are gated developments? Recent and imminent changes in both planning policy and policing provision, increase the importance of ensuring that research findings are conveyed in a clear and comprehensible format. Practitioners (with increased workloads and reduced numbers) and newly formed community and locally based bodies need to be able to extract the relevant implications and apply these to proposed developments within their area. For this reason, this series of briefing notes will not dwell on the complex research methodology or detailed analysis; rather it will focus upon the key recommendations for policy and practice. Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2011. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 19, 2012 at: http://www.hud.ac.uk/media/universityofhuddersfield/content/image/research/hhs/acc/Briefing%20Notes%20-%20The%20Impact%20of%20Connectivity.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hud.ac.uk/media/universityofhuddersfield/content/image/research/hhs/acc/Briefing%20Notes%20-%20The%20Impact%20of%20Connectivity.pdf Shelf Number: 123660 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDesign Against CrimeGeographical Information SystemsSituational Crime Prevention (U.K.)Urban Design |
Author: Armitage, Rachel Title: The Impact of the Design and Layout of Car Parking on Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: This briefing note is one of a series of themed papers which reports the findings from a collaborative project funded by the Home Office and managed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE). This note focuses upon the impact of the design and layout of car parking on crime and anti-social behaviour (ASB) within residential housing. The project set out to strengthen and update the evidence base on the impact of residential design on a range of crime types – with a specific focus on housing developments acclaimed for their innovative design and award winning architecture. It should be highlighted that although this briefing note is designed as a summary document, the findings and recommendations are based upon a seven month project conducted by a consortium of universities including experts within the field of designing out crime, statistical modelling, urban design and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The project was overseen by an expert Steering Group who ensured that the research was conducted to the required standards in terms of independence and methodological rigour. The main aim of the research was to establish which features of residential design impact upon crime (either positively or negatively) and whether these design features are those being promoted as good practice within planning policy and guidance. In terms of car parking, this includes questions such as: Are properties with garages safer than those without? Where garages cannot be provided, what is the safest form of parking? How safe is underground parking? What impact are planning policies designed to remove the car from the street scene having upon crime and ASB? Recent and imminent changes in both planning policy and policing provision, increase the importance of ensuring that research findings are conveyed in a clear and comprehensible format. Practitioners (with increased workloads and reduced numbers) and newly formed community and locally based bodies need to be able to extract the relevant implications and apply these to proposed developments within their area. For this reason, this series of briefing notes will not dwell on the complex methodology or detailed analysis; rather it will focus upon the key recommendations for policy and practice. Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 19, 2012 at: http://www.hud.ac.uk/media/universityofhuddersfield/content/image/research/hhs/acc/Briefing%20Notes%20-%20Car%20Parking%20on%20Crime%20and%20Anti-Social%20Behaviour.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hud.ac.uk/media/universityofhuddersfield/content/image/research/hhs/acc/Briefing%20Notes%20-%20Car%20Parking%20on%20Crime%20and%20Anti-Social%20Behaviour.pdf Shelf Number: 123661 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAutomobile TheftDesign Against CrimeGeographical Information Systems (GIS)Parking FacilitiesResidential HomesSituational Crime Prevention (U.K.)Urban Design |
Author: Fox, Andrew M. Title: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors, Drug Use, and Delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago Summary: The 2006 Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey was administered between March and June 2006. The survey contained questions that measured 16 risk factors, 13 protective factors, and involvement in delinquency, drug use, and other youth focused concerns. Students enrolled in forms three and five were targeted for the sample population. Surveys were collected from 22 schools in five districts. A total of 2,376 respondents agreed to participate in the study, for a response rate of 36% of eligible students. The Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey measured risk and protective factors in four domains: community, school, family, and peer/individual. This thesis focuses on a broad range of issues concerning crime, drugs, and other anti-social behavior among youth for the purpose of informing prevention, intervention, and suppression programming. The findings indicated that there is much room for improvement for reducing risk factors related to communities, schools, families, and individuals and their peers in Trinidad and Tobago. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University, 2008. 156p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 21, 2012 at http://cvpcs.asu.edu/sites/default/files/content/products/Fox_TTYS_Masters%20Thesis.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Trinidad and Tobago URL: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/sites/default/files/content/products/Fox_TTYS_Masters%20Thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 123718 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDrug UseJuvenile Delinquency |
Author: Department for Children, Schools and Families Title: Safeguarding children and young people who may be affected by gang activity Summary: There are a number of areas in which young people are put at risk by gang activity, both through participation in and as victims of gang violence. Safeguarding procedures can provide a key tool for all agencies working with young people to assist them when working together to prevent young people from being drawn into gangs, to support those who have been drawn into the margins of gangs; and to protect those who are at immediate risk of harm either as members or victims of gangs. This practice guidance is addressed to those who work in voluntary and statutory services across the children’s workforce, social care, crime prevention, the police, prisons and probation, offender management, health, education and all others whose work brings them into contact with children and young people. It is intended to help agencies and practitioners respond effectively to the needs of children and young people – girls and young women, as well as boys and young men – who are at risk of gang-related violence and harm. To that end, the guidance outlines factors for agencies and practitioners to consider and processes to follow in terms of identification, referral, and assessment and support for young people who may be affected by gang activity. It also looks at the reasons young people become involved in gangs, the particular risks associated with gang membership for the young people and the risks of being affected by gang activity in other ways. Details: London: Home Office, Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 23, 2012 at https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-00064-2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-00064-2010.pdf Shelf Number: 123759 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorGangs (U.K.)Juvenile Victims |
Author: Attorney-General's Department, Australian Government Title: National Youth Policing Model Summary: On 2 July 2010, Minister for Home Affairs, Brendan O’Connor, welcomed agreement from all Australian police ministers to reduce, prevent and respond to youth violence and anti‑social behaviour through a National Youth Policing Model. The Model will support and enhance effective programs already in place through six high-priority strategies for youth policing. Under the Model, jurisdictions will have the flexibility to adapt responses to youth policing issues to suit local environments. The National Youth Policing Model supports the National Strategy for Young Australians, which identified youth violence and anti-social behaviour as key issues of concern for young people. Details: Australia: Attorney-General's Department, 2010. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 28, 2012 at http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(966BB47E522E848021A38A20280E2386)~National+Youth+Policing+Model.PDF/$file/National+Youth+Policing+Model.PDF Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(966BB47E522E848021A38A20280E2386)~National+Youth+Policing+Model.PDF/$file/National+Youth+Policing+Model.PDF Shelf Number: 123856 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDiversionJuvenile OffendersNuisance Behaviors and DisorderSubstance AbuseYouth Violence (Australia) |
Author: Cooper, Christine Title: Exploration of local variation in the use of anti-social behaviour tools and powers Summary: This study examined the differences and similarities between Crime and Disorder Partnerships (CDRPs) in their use of anti-social behaviour (ASB) interventions, focusing on their experiences of the process of: implementing interventions; local and national influences; and the perceived effectiveness of interventions. The information was collected through an online survey of ASB co-ordinators in CDRPs and a series of focus groups with ASB practitioners in local areas conducted by Ipsos MORI. The research highlighted the key part played by the local community in setting the agenda for ASB interventions, illustrating the need for local agencies to inform communities about what is being done locally in tackling ASB and for the Home Office to address perceptions of levels of ASB – the Home Office is working with some local areas to draw out promising approaches in informing communities about action to tackle ASB. Details: London: Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office, 2009. 40p. Source: Research Report 21: Internet Resource: Accessed February 29, 2012 at http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/horr21c.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/horr21c.pdf Shelf Number: 124329 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCrime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships (U.K.)Intervention Programs (U.K.) |
Author: Scott, Stephen Title: How is parenting style related to child antisocial behaviour? Preliminary findings from the Helping Children Achieve Study Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a major problem in childhood and beyond. More severe, persistent forms affect 5-10% of children in developed western countries and are linked to future adult crime, drug and alcohol misuse, unemployment, poor physical health, and mental disorders. A major risk factor is parenting style, in particular harsh and inconsistent parenting, which research has shown is associated with child behaviour problems. Other factors that feed into this directly and indirectly include domestic violence, parental drug abuse, maternal depression, family poverty, parents with low levels of education, stressed families and single parent status. This research report presents the findings from a study that examined the relationship between parenting styles and a range of family factors and child anti-social behaviour. The study examined in detail 278 families living in inner city areas who had children at higher risk of poor social and academic outcomes due to anti-social behaviour. The children involved in the study were aged four to seven. Details: London: Department for Education, 2012. 20p. Source: Research Report DFE-RR185a: Internet Resource: Accessed March 4, 2012 at https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DFE-RR185a.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DFE-RR185a.pdf Shelf Number: 124380 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorJuvenile OffendersParenting |
Author: Fitzpatrick, Rob Title: A label for exclusion: Support of alcohol-misusing offenders Summary: The development of alcohol interventions for offenders is a challenging area with implications for both health and criminal justice agencies. Effective responses are complicated by the fact that, unlike drugs, the use of alcohol is both legal and widely socially sanctioned and that there are complex links between alcohol misuse and offending. Nevertheless, the misuse of alcohol has major implications for public health, mental wellbeing, community safety and reoffending, as well as costs to wider society. This policy paper identifies areas and practical examples of how, in a changing and uncertain policy and commissioning landscape, the joint commissioning and delivery of alcohol interventions for offenders in the community might be productively developed. It is intended to be read by all who are responsible for the commissioning or delivery of alcohol services whether from health, criminal justice or other agencies. The paper has been produced in partnership with the Department of Health South West and based on extensive interviews and focus groups with commissioners, managers, front line workers and the users of services within the South West, with input from central policy leads within the National Offender Management Service, the Department of Health, the Ministry of Justice and other specialist national agencies. Details: London: Centre for Mental Health, 2010. 20p. Source: Centre for Mental Health Policy Paper: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2012 at http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/label_for_exclusion.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/label_for_exclusion.pdf Shelf Number: 125206 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorIntervention Programs (U.K.) |
Author: United States Interagency Council on Homelessness Title: Searching Out Solutions: Constructive Alternatives to the Criminalization of Homelessness Summary: In recent years, the United States has seen the proliferation of local measures to criminalize “acts of living” laws that prohibit sleeping, eating, sitting, or panhandling in public spaces. City, town, and county officials are turning to criminalization measures in an effort to broadcast a zero-tolerance approach to street homelessness and to temporarily reduce the visibility of homelessness in their communities. Although individuals experiencing homelessness should be afforded the same dignity, compassion, and support provided to others, criminalization policies further marginalize men and women who are experiencing homelessness, fuel inflammatory attitudes, and may even unduly restrict constitutionally protected liberties. Moreover, there is ample evidence that alternatives to criminalization policies can adequately balance the needs of all parties. Community residents, government agencies, businesses, and men and women who are experiencing homelessness are better served by solutions that do not marginalize people experiencing homelessness, but rather strike at the core factors contributing to homelessness. Criminalization policies are costly and consume substantial state and local resources. In today’s economic climate, it is important for state, county, and local entities to invest in programs that work rather than spend money on activities that are unlikely to achieve the desired result and which may, in some cases, open the jurisdiction to liability. In addition to the increase in public resources used to carry out these criminalization measures, Individuals who are arrested or fined for “act of living” crimes in public spaces now have a criminal record; resulting in barriers to work, and difficulty in receiving mainstream services and housing that often bar individuals with criminal histories. These policies are a temporary solution to street homelessness and create greater barriers for these individuals to exit homelessness successfully, providing neither a permanent or sustainable solution to homelessness. The federal government has an important responsibility to provide leadership, share best practices, and provide technical support to localities in their efforts to find constructive ways of addressing the needs of individuals experiencing homelessness. Specifically, the 2009 HEARTH Act charged the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) with “develop[ing] alternatives to laws and policies that prohibit sleeping, eating, sitting, resting, or lying in public spaces when there are no suitable alternatives, result in the destruction of property belonging to people experiencing homelessness without due process, or are selectively enforced against people experiencing homelessness.” One of the strategies of Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness is to reduce criminalization of homelessness by defining constructive approaches to address street homelessness and considering incentives to urge cities to adopt these practices. The alternatives to criminalization policies identified in this report have been effective in reducing and preventing homelessness in several cities around the country. These solutions can be relatively inexpensive to implement, result in overall cost-savings, and have a lasting positive impact on the quality of life for individuals experiencing homelessness and the larger community. Details: Washington, DC: United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, 2012. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 16, 2012 at: http://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/RPT_SoS_March2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/RPT_SoS_March2012.pdf Shelf Number: 125307 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorHomeless People, Zero ToleranceHomelessness (U.S.)Housing |
Author: Bradford Metropolitan District Council (U.K.) Title: Reducing Reoffending and Young People in Custody Summary: Bradford has a young population, with 28 per cent of the population under 20 years of age, compared to 24 per cent nationally. It also has relatively high levels of both youth offending and of youths breaching community sentences so that they end up in custody. To address these issues this project set out to utilise customer insight to better understand and engage with young people ultimately hoping to divert them away from offending and improve compliance with court orders. In addition to the obvious benefit this will bring, both for the individual young people themselves and for their families, it will also help to reduce overall costs through lower expenditure on policing; court appearances and short custodial sentences and it should contribute to lower levels of crime within the locality. By gaining a deeper insight into this client group, they would be enabled to deliver more differentiated and targeted youth offending services, as well as removing duplication as different agencies currently work across each other to support his group. The project also set out to profile the wider community and consider their attitudes to youth offending. It sought to identify opportunities to support wider work on community cohesion and identify localities where Big Society initiatives could be used to reduce youth offending. This part of the project sought to provide better information on youth crime to local area committees, providing a vehicle for local residents to determine which preventative services should be delivered in their locality. The principle aim of the project was to reduce youth crime and anti-social behaviour through the delivery of the following objectives: a reduction of breaches through better compliance with court orders a reduction in prolific offenders support to those local social enterprises activities that target crime and anti-social activity improvement of prevention activity, by understanding how targeted activities work best for different groups profiling of offenders and anti-social behaviour order information mapping the frequency of reoffending of young people in custody and patterns to help prevent reoffending. mapping the impact of breaches of orders increasing levels of cohesion between youths and the wider community. The project had the following targets, which it recognises are ambitious considering the current economic climate and the increase in youth unemployment: a 5 per cent reduction in detected offences committed by young offenders a 5 per cent reduction in young people sentenced to custody a 3 per cent reduction in the breach of court hearings It was estimated that these would provide the following financial savings: £448,000 reduction in detected offences committed by young offenders £203,200 reduction in the costs of providing annual custody for offenders £12,600 reduction in the cost of preparing for court appearances This is a total potential direct saving of £665,800. Additional benefits are more difficult to quantify and relate directly back to the project, however, these are likely to include those „societal costs‟ that are difficult to measure in financial terms. For example, costs from reoffending in terms of resident well-being (e.g. reduced levels of fear of crime and associated mental health benefits) and local authority and partner provider savings from more effective targeting and delivery of prevention services, avoiding the duplication of services. Details: Bradford, UK: Bradford Metropolitan District Council, 2012. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 2, 2012 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/effective-practice/crime-effective-practice/other-crime-types/Reducng-Reoffding-and-Yng-People?view=Binary Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/effective-practice/crime-effective-practice/other-crime-types/Reducng-Reoffding-and-Yng-People?view=Binary Shelf Number: 125455 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDelinquency PreventionJuvenile Offenders (U.K.)RecidivismReoffendingTreatment Programs, Juveniles |
Author: Austrup, Sebastian Title: The Person Behind the "Broken Window": The Influence of the Environment and Personality on Undesired Behavior Summary: The Broken Windows Theory predicts that when disorder is present in a surrounding, people will behave in an antisocial way. How exactly a disorderly environment affect a person and which mechanisms could make the person behave in an anti-social way? Approaches regarding that topic are mostly dealt in context of the Broken Windows Theory. Popularity of this approach ranks behind its controversy. Goal of the present study was to assess the influence of the environment and camera surveillance on human behavior, moderated by a personality trait. In a 2 x 2 factorial design in which participants were confronted with a tidy and untidy setup of a room they got the opportunity to cheat for money and leave mess behind. The influence of environmental factors was stronger in people who feel their lives are being controlled by external factors, meaning they have an external locus of control. Moreover we found no damping effect on cheating of camera surveillance in our experiment nor did it raise the self-awareness of the participants. Results suggest that there has to be an extra „push“ to act antisocial in a disorderly environment, with witch has to be dealt in further research. Details: Enschede, Netherlands: University of Twente, 2011. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed August 6, 2012 at: http://essay.utwente.nl/59931/1/BSc_S_Austrup.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Netherlands URL: http://essay.utwente.nl/59931/1/BSc_S_Austrup.pdf Shelf Number: 125862 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorBroken Windows TheoryDisorder and CrimeLyingStealing |
Author: Cozens, Paul Title: Investigating Crime Precipitators and the 'Environmental Backcloth' of the Night Time Economy: An Environmental Criminology Perspective from an Australian Capital City Summary: In many Western, post-industrial cities of the 21st Century, entertainment districts play an increasingly significant place-making role and contribute much to their night-time economies. However, many of these cities are experiencing increased levels of crime and fear of crime within their alcohol-oriented entertainment districts. This paper investigates crime and the night-time economy (NTE) associated with an entertainment district in an Australian capital city. It discusses the concept of the ‘environmental backcloth' (Brantingham and Brantinham, 1993) to this area as important contextual background to some of the contemporary crime problems. The paper highlights examples of situational crime precipitators (Wortley, 2008) from observational research and detailed land-use and pedestrian surveys conducted in the entertainment district. Seen within the context of the ‘environmental backcloth' these ‘situations' and settings can create irritation, frustration and pressures and potentially prompt / trigger or provoke criminality in otherwise, law-abiding citizens. The authors highlights the contribution that an environmental criminology perspective can provide to understanding the propensity for night-time entertainment districts to act as generators of and attractors for crime and anti-social behaviour. They set out a Scale Conscious Environmental Backcloth and Crime Precipitator Framework to assist in understanding crime and the NTE. The paper calls for more critical and detailed urban design studies and for ‘criminogenic environments' to be taken more seriously within planning. Details: Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales, 2011. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2012 at http://soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0217_final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0217_final.pdf Shelf Number: 126074 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorEnvironmental CriminologyNight-time Economy |
Author: Revolving Doors Agency Title: Ending the Revolving Door: How the First Generation of Police and Crime Commissioners Can Cut Crime by Working in Partnership to Address Multiple Needs Summary: With nearly half a million crimes committed by former offenders in the year ending June 2010, repeat offending and anti-social behaviour is causing serious damage to communities, taking up valuable police resources, and placing a major burden on the public purse. A significant proportion of this crime is committed by people with multiple needs, who are falling through gaps in services and failing to get the help they need to stop offending. This briefing highlights to police and crime commissioner candidates the importance of dealing effectively with this group of ‘revolving door’ offenders in order to reduce crime and maintain an efficient police force, and offers solutions for them to consider locally. Details: London: Revolving Doors Agency, 2012. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 8, 2012 at http://www.revolving-doors.org.uk/documents/ending-the-revolving-door/ Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.revolving-doors.org.uk/documents/ending-the-revolving-door/ Shelf Number: 126640 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCosts of CrimeCriminal Justice PolicyRe-OffendingRecidivism |
Author: Pleasence, Pascoe Title: Civil Legal Problems: Young People, Social Exclusion and Crime Summary: This briefing presents findings from the 2010 wave of the Civil and Social Justice Panel Survey (CSJPS), alongside supplementary findings from the earlier (but larger) 2006-9 Civil and Social Justice Survey (CSJS). The 2010 survey indicates that young people (aged 16 to 24) experience civil legal problems at a rate similar to that of the population as a whole, although problems are most common for those between their mid-twenties and mid-forties. Young people report high levels of certain types of problems, including those concerning rented housing, welfare benefits and debt. Young people ranked civil legal problems concerning education as the most severe, followed closely by family problems. Young people pointed to lack of money being a cause of problems more often than others, with loss of income and employment problems also commonly mentioned. Young people also indicated violence to be a cause of problems more frequently than others. Stress-related illness was commonly mentioned as being both a cause and consequence of problems. In all, 24% of problems faced by young people led to illness of some description, with knock on demand on health services. Loss of income and loss of confidence were also common consequences of problems for young people, and they were much more likely than others to point to negative impact on their education. Some problems experienced by young people were interlinked. One visible problem cluster involved problems concerning rented housing, crime victimisation, anti-social neighbours and consumer issues, further linked to money, debt and employment problems. Reported levels of crime victimisation were similar for all people under the age of retirement, though the youngest respondents to the 2010 CSJPS more often reported having been victims of robbery and assault. Within young people as a whole, lone parents, victims of crime, those who had recently had contact with the police, those with mental health problems, those who admitted drug use, those who were socially isolated and those not in education, employment or training reported civil legal problems more often. In all, 80% of all young people reporting civil legal problems fell in one category of vulnerability. Young people falling into multiple categories of vulnerability became increasingly more likely to report problems. Vulnerable young people also tended to report problems of greater severity. The types of problems reported by vulnerable young people were different to those reported by other young people. For example, those not in education, employment or training reported high levels of housing problems and relatively high levels of debt and family related problems. Those recently arrested reported high levels of homelessness and problems concerning money and rented housing. Young people more often did nothing to resolve problems and less often obtained formal advice. This was despite young people reporting many benefits of advice. In all, 62% of young respondents to the CSJPS reported that formal advice from another person or organisation led to improvements in their life circumstances, compared to 43% in the case of older respondents. Details: London: The Law Centres Federation and Youth Access, 2011. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2012 at http://youthaccess.org.uk/uploads/documents/Advice%20Publications/Civil_Legal_Problems_Social_Exclusion_and_Crime_FINAL.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://youthaccess.org.uk/uploads/documents/Advice%20Publications/Civil_Legal_Problems_Social_Exclusion_and_Crime_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 126703 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCrime StatisticsCrime VictimizationDisadvantaged YouthYoung Adults |
Author: Peacock, Jo Title: The TurnAround 2007 Project Summary: There are approximately 6.7 million young people aged 15-24 in England and a disproportionate number of these live in deprived, urban areas. The prevalence of adolescent problem behaviour has steadily increased with drug, tobacco and alcohol abuse, aggressive and anti-social behaviour, violence, teenage pregnancy and suicide rates becoming growing problems. Adolescents commonly face choices requiring pressurised decisions about gang involvement, violence, alcohol, drugs, sex and pregnancy, that potentially place them ‘at risk’. This cohort of ‘youth at risk’ are also subjected to other interactive environmental stressors, such as domestic violence, parental drug and alcohol abuse, physical and sexual abuse, family stress/poorly parented, divorced/single parent families, neglect or school failure. A lack of informed choice often leads to poor decision making and these youth at risk become labelled as underachievers, disadvantaged, marginal, underprivileged and remedial. They become socially inept, lack trust and teamwork skills, have poor emotional regulation and have low self esteem. Unless this issue is actively and positively addressed the number of out of work and unmotivated young people will increase along with a concomitant rise in drug and alcohol abuse, criminal activity and general anti-social behaviour, leading to social and economic problems in the community and diversion of police, court, social benefits and social worker resources to deal with the problem. A wide range of international research has evidenced key health benefits experienced for many people after spending time in the natural environment and a link between nature and health seems to be clearly emerging. Health benefits include reduced stress levels, improved mood; enhanced psychological wellbeing and improved attention and concentration. Natural places facilitate stress recovery, encourage exercise participation, stimulate development in children and provide opportunities for personal development and sense of purpose in adults. Partaking in physical activity in natural surroundings - “green exercise”- may also have therapeutic properties and collectively, such therapeutic approaches have been referred to as “green care”. Many different organisations and services are starting to show an interest in green care including: healthcare professionals; social services providers; Local Authorities; offender management teams; probation services, youth services; education authorities and farmers. Although the area of green care is very diverse, the common linking ethos is the contact with nature, which generates the health, social or educational benefits. Wilderness therapy is an emerging green care intervention which uses a systematic approach to work with adolescents with behavioural problems. Although this is not the only cohort that can benefit from the outdoors, wilderness therapy is most often used with youth at risk to help them address any emotional, adjustment, addiction or psychological problems. Wilderness therapy programmes typically provide healthy exercise and diet through hiking and physical activity, individual and group therapy sessions, educational curricula, primitive skills, group-living with peers, opportunities for solo time and reflection leadership training and challenges resulting from ‘back-to basics’ living. The rationale for these interventions involves separating disaffected young people from daily negative influences and placing them in safe outdoor environments. Spending time in a natural setting enables participants to access those aspects of their self that may elude them in more conventional personal development or therapeutic settings. The Wilderness Foundation UK, initiated a pilot social project called ‘The TurnAround 2007 Project’, which was designed to help vulnerable young people in social care in Chelmsford and the mid-Essex area. The Wilderness Foundation UK is a registered charity which raises awareness of the need to preserve and restore wilderness areas, offers wilderness experiences and is involved in various social programmes to demonstrate how wilderness exposure facilitates the education and health of both individuals and the wider society. The Turnaround 2007 project, a pilot stage of a longer 3 year project, targeted youths aged 15-18 years old who were considered to be ‘at risk’ and were in danger of drifting into a life of petty crime, drug & alcohol abuse and general anti-social behaviour. Details: Colchester, UK: Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex,, 2008. 115p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2013 at: http://www.essex.ac.uk/ces/occasionalpapers/Kerry/TurnAround%202007%20Final%20Report.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.essex.ac.uk/ces/occasionalpapers/Kerry/TurnAround%202007%20Final%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 128204 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-risk YouthDelinquency PreventionWilderness Programs (U.K.) |
Author: Delaney, Anne Title: Wales Anti-social Behaviour: Policy and Practice Review Summary: and the Housing and Regeneration Minister has said clearly that anti-social behaviour is unacceptable. The Welsh Government wants landlords to take a proactive approach to tackling anti-social behaviour, and for social housing providers to adopt firm and proactive policies to deal with it. Whether intentional or not, anti-social behaviour causes unnecessary worry, annoyance, and even alarm and distress. When it happens, it can harm people's health and well being, their quality of life and, in some cases, present risks to their safety. Its impact can ruin people's lives and communities too, making whole areas feel unsafe. The Welsh Government believes that anti- social behaviour is, and should be seen to be, unacceptable. They want all landlords to be proactive in preventing it from happening in the first place. If it does occur, they want landlords to tackle it early to prevent any escalation. The Welsh Government requires all local authorities and housing associations to have policies in place to deal with anti-social behaviour that include a variety of methods for tackling it, including prevention and early intervention approaches. However, current practices to tackle anti-social behaviour vary. The Welsh Government's Housing White Paper made several commitments regarding anti-social behaviour: (i) to ask the Wales Anti-social Behaviour Group to make a robust assessment of the current situation and good practice that exists, and to recommend further action for housing organisations; (ii) to take matters relating to anti-social behaviour into account in legislation relating to the private rented sector for the development of the registration and accreditation scheme; (iii) to evaluate the Wales Housing Management Standard for Tackling Anti-social Behaviour and use the findings to inform future action. This research project is the prime means of delivering the commitments in (i) and (iii) above. Details: Cardiff: Welsh Government Social Research, 2014. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2014 at: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/140212-how-social-landlords-tackle-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/140212-how-social-landlords-tackle-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132304 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: New South Wales Department of Attorney General & Justice Title: Graffiti Vandalism: The Motivations and Modus Operandi of Persons Who Do Graffiti Summary: There has been a significant increase in the number of graffiti vandalism incidents recorded by the NSW Police over the last decade. Graffiti vandalism is a crime that has significant financial and social impacts on the NSW community, affecting government utilities, public transport operators, local government, business owners and residents. The cost of graffiti management diverts government funds from important services for the community. The NSW Government has a long-standing commitment to dealing with the problem of graffiti in the NSW community. This commitment has seen the establishment of graffiti taskforces, such as the Anti-Graffiti Action Team (AGAT, established in 2006), changes to legislation and the provision of funds to Local Councils to implement targeted graffiti management strategies. The NSW State Plan deals with graffiti management under Priority R3: Reducing Anti-Social Behaviour. A broad range of programs and initiatives aimed at reducing graffiti vandalism have been introduced across Australia and internationally. However, there is little evidence available on the motivations and modus operandi of the people who commit graffiti vandalism. Details: Sydney: NSW Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2009. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 12, 2014 at: http://www.melbournegraffiti.com/news/The-motivations-and-modus-operandi-of-persons-who-do-graffiti.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.melbournegraffiti.com/news/The-motivations-and-modus-operandi-of-persons-who-do-graffiti.pdf Shelf Number: 132342 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorGraffitiVandalism |
Author: Pritchard, David Title: Streetchance: Understanding the role StreetChance can play in reducing youth crime and anti-social behaviour Summary: The StreetChance programme is a partnership between the Cricket Foundation and Barclays Spaces for Sports which runs weekly cricket sessions for young people in some of the most deprived areas of the UK. The sessions are often supplemented by informal education classes that address topics such as gangs, knife crime and drug abuse, delivered by partner charities and individuals with experiences relevant to these issues. In some areas representatives of the local police force participate in the sessions. To date, more than 38,000 children and young people have participated in StreetChance projects. This paper discusses the potential benefits of StreetChance in the three outcome areas that are related to StreetChance's theory of change-namely its impact on community cohesion, crime and anti-social behaviour, and health. As well as reporting on surveys of participants, it also includes recommendations for programme design. Details: London: New Philanthropy Capital, 2014. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2014 at: http://www.thinknpc.org/publications/streetchance/ Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.thinknpc.org/publications/streetchance/ Shelf Number: 133318 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthDelinquency Prevention (U.K.)Sports |
Author: Australia. Auditor General Title: Northern Territory night patrols Summary: . Safe and functional communities assist in addressing Indigenous disadvantage by providing an environment where individual and family wellbeing is fostered. Impediments to achieving this goal can include alcohol and substance abuse, violence (including domestic violence), youth unsupervised at night, mental health problems, property damage, and family feuds. A related community safety issue is the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the justice system and the subsequent impact on individuals and families. These issues are inextricably linked with other social and economic factors affecting Indigenous communities. Accordingly, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) has strongly emphasised the role that safe and functional communities can play in Closing the Gap on Indigenous disadvantage, and various Australian governments have made commitments to action in this area. 2. Night patrols are community-based intervention initiatives which seek to improve personal and community safety in Aboriginal communities across the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory Night Patrols Program is administered by the Attorney-Generals Department (AGD) as part of the broader Indigenous Justice Program (IJP). The IJP operates nationally and its primary objective is to reduce the numbers of Indigenous Australians coming into adverse contact with the criminal justice system. A key strategy of the IJP is to use cultural knowledge and identity in its implementation. 3. Night patrols originated in the Northern Territory as a community-generated response to improving safety by preventing anti-social behaviour within Aboriginal communities. One of the first night patrol services was established by Julalikari Council during the 1980s to patrol areas in and around Tennant Creek. These patrols were originally staffed by volunteers with the aims of resolving problems in town camps, settling disputes, and supporting and assisting local police in their dealings with the community. From these beginnings in the Northern Territory, the concept of night patrols spread to other Indigenous communities in Western Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. Subsequently, the Australian Government established program arrangements to support the operation of night patrols across a larger number of communities. Details: Barton, ACT: Australian National Audit Office, 2011. 126p. Source: Internet Resource: Audit Report no. 32 2010-11: Accessed March 2, 2015 at: http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Documents/2010%2011_report_32.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Documents/2010%2011_report_32.pdf Shelf Number: 134735 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCommunity Crime PreventionCommunity ParticipationCommunity SafetyIndigenous Peoples (Australia)Night Patrols |
Author: Sport England Title: Creating safer communities: Reducing anti-social behaviour and the fear of crime through sport Summary: This paper is one of a series of five papers aimed at policymakers and practitioners who are looking to use the 'power of sport' to help shape their local areas and to advocate the value of sport with partners to deliver local objectives. In focussing on the role sporting organisations and related projects can play in reducing anti-social behavior and the fear of crime the paper will be valuable to you because it: - highlights key national policy announcements, programmes and initiatives impacting on the environment within which community sport can be sustained, can grow and can contribute to the development of talented players; - presents the evidence to justify why community sport can contribute to a range of other shared priorities; and - shares case studies to bring to life the benefits to local communities and the enjoyment that people can get from being involved in sport. Details: London: Sport England, 2008. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2015 at: https://www.sportengland.org/media/91502/creating-safer-communities.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.sportengland.org/media/91502/creating-safer-communities.pdf Shelf Number: 135112 Keywords: Anti-social BehaviorDelinquency PreventionSports |
Author: Evans, Roger Title: High Street Blues: Tackling Small Business Crime in London Summary: Small businesses play a significant contributing role to London's economy and the general well-being of its local communities. According to the Federation of Small Businesses, 83 pence out of every pound spent goes directly back into the community. The British Retail Consortium found that the retail sector contributes 5% of Britain's GDP. The Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC) states in their Business Crime Strategy that: "London collects L5.4 billion of business rates each year, a tax take 15 times larger than that of the UK's second city, Birmingham - the income generated by the city's businesses ensures funding for public services across not only London but the entire country. This makes MOPAC's mission - and the performance of the Metropolitan Police - of national significance". However, small businesses are suffering as a result of persistent crime plaguing London's high streets. According to the Metropolitan Police's Crime Mapping data tables, 28,889 crimes were recorded against businesses in London in the financial year, 2013-14. Qualitative research conducted for this report found that 94% of shop owners have been affected by crime in the past twelve months. 47% of those interviewed have been victims of severe crimes such as burglary, verbal and physical assault. There is a lack of faith in the police's ability to deliver justice for small business owners. I contacted shop owners across a wide range of boroughs in London including, Croydon, Richmond upon Thames and Camden. 64% of shop owners I spoke to stated that when they had chosen to report a crime they found the police unhelpful. These shop owners went on to state that in future they would not bother reporting crimes to the police. For too long some shop owners have felt that when they have chosen to report a crime committed on their premises to the police, their claim has not been taken seriously. The Metropolitan Police should take an innovative approach to improving the level of information sharing between small business owners and Business Crime Reduction Partnerships to directly address the issue of under-reporting. The Metropolitan Police should take a proactive approach to tackling small business crime, focusing on crime prevention by engaging business owners as a cost effective means of addressing the issue. Details: London: Greater London Authority Conservatives, 2014. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2015 at: http://glaconservatives.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/High-Street-Blues.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://glaconservatives.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/High-Street-Blues.pdf Shelf Number: 135281 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCrime StatisticsCrimes Against Businesses (U.K.)ShopliftingTheft |
Author: Cook, Owen Title: Youth in justice: Young people explore what their role in improving youth justice should be Summary: The Centre for Youth & Criminal Justice (CYCJ) commissioned social enterprise and charity Space Unlimited to work with a diverse range of young people, engaging them in discussing their experiences, ideas for change based on those experiences, and their thoughts on the shape of an ongoing role for young people like themselves. The results were then evaluated in the report, entitled 'Youth in justice: Young people explore what their role in improving youth justice should be'. Claire Lightowler, Director of CYCJ, said: "At the Centre, a crucial part of our remit is to involve young people in improving youth justice services and supports. We were uncertain of the best way to do this - or if young people would even be interested in being involved. Space Unlimited have done an excellent job of working with these young people, and we have enjoyed being part of this innovative project as it has progressed. "We were extremely inspired by the young people we met, and their commitment and passion to helping improve things for others. Those involved in this project have often not had the best experience of youth justice services so it's been humbling to see how much they want to change things for the next generation. We hope that everyone reading the report will feel similarly inspired to bring about change." The report focuses on work undertaken with three separate groups of young people, through Action for Children (Moving on Scotland), the West Dunbartonshire Throughcare service and Aberlour Youth Point in Glasgow, between April and November 2014. Issues highlighted include frustration at a lack of consistency in service/interactions: "They make you go and meet with someone else who doesn't know you and who...doesn't seem that interested because they won't be working you again anyway" and at feeling judged: "The three of them (on the panel) just sat there judging me...talking about what would happen to me as if I wasn't even there". In the appendix, 'Stories of change' show how the project has influenced young people and built their confidence. 'Brogan' talks about how her involvement gave her the courage to ask questions of the Children's Panel, while Shaun Murray, a practitioner with Moving on Scotland, describes how he uses his experiences to help young people achieve their goals - "I'm there to ask the right questions and make the right prompts, helping them to do things for themselves". There are also contributions from professionals that work with the young people. Tom Philliben, Senior Operational Manager with the Scottish Children's Reporter Administration (SCRA), praises the work for proving that "young people want to be engaged in developing improvements...they want it to be real and making a difference, not just 'lip service', whilst Police Scotland's Superintendent Lesley Clark explains why she "found the experience really worthwhile...the formula for this work is innovative and should be commended and developed". This report follows on from the 'Living it: Children, young people and justice' event, which brought together young people and politicians at the Scottish Parliament, which was jointly organised by CYCJ. Details: Glasgow, Scotland: Space Unlimited, 2015. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 23, 2015 at: http://www.cycj.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Youth-in-Justice.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cycj.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Youth-in-Justice.pdf Shelf Number: 135378 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorJuvenile JusticeJuvenile Offenders (U.K.) |
Author: Bates, Eleanor Joanne Wilson Title: Vandalism : a crime of place? Summary: Vandalism is a problem for many communities across Scotland negatively affecting the lives of people who live in them. Whilst there has been recent research into the broad phenomena of anti-social behaviour, there has been little recent research into the specific phenomena of vandalism. In particular, little is understood about why vandalism often persistently re-occurs year in year out in particular locations. Wider research into crime and place suggests that, opportunities to commit crime, levels of relative deprivation, and the capacity or belief that a community can work together (collective efficacy) may be relevant factors. Other theories suggest some areas may act as crime attractors or be more criminogenic than others. There is a strong need for a better understanding of why certain places experience persistent vandalism and others do not. This thesis seeks to redress that gap by suggesting that to understand the nature of vandalism it is best understood as a crime of place rather than property. By drawing on theoretical and methodological approaches from both criminology and geography the thesis explores whether some areas experience high and low concentrations of vandalism year on year; if patterns change over time and whether areas with differing levels of vandalism share characteristics. Exploring issues related to crime and place presents specific methodological challenges. In criminology there has been much debate about whether it is best to consider crime and place processes at the micro or macro level. This thesis contributes to this debate by contending that it is necessary to employ a multi-method approach which integrates both micro and macro levels of investigation to properly understand crime and place. The results presented here are based on secondary analysis of six years of recorded crime data on vandalism supplied by Lothian and Borders police covering the period 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2010 for a case study area within Edinburgh with a broad mix of socio-demographic contexts. The thesis investigates the value of taking an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis approach combining GIS based Crime Mapping and LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation) analysis with Group Trajectory Analysis. This is complimented by data acquired from holding focus groups with Police Officers responsible for neighbourhood policing who used shaded maps to aid discussion of characteristics of areas with high and low vandalism. Findings suggest there are distinct High, Low and Drifting areas of vandalism with particular characteristics influenced by crime attractors, routine activities, relative deprivation and collective efficacy. By using an innovative multi-method ESDA quantitative and qualitative approach, important insights into the nature of vandalism as a place crime are gained; using a multi-spatial and temporal approach was found to be crucial. Findings are somewhat confined as they relate to a single case study area and a small number of focus groups were undertaken only with police Officers and not other community actors which may limit generalisabily. These concerns are discussed along with recommendations for future policy on vandalism and theoretical and methodological approaches for researching crime and place. Details: Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 2013. 343p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 13, 2015 at: https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/9587 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/9587 Shelf Number: 136021 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorVandalism |
Author: Mika, Harry Title: Community-based Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland Summary: The purpose of this report is to present independent evaluation findings regarding the work of Community Restorative Justice Ireland (CRJI) and Northern Ireland Alternatives (NIA) in facilitating and promoting non-violent community alternatives to paramilitary punishment attacks and exclusions relating to alleged localised crime and anti-social behaviour. A continuing legacy of the conflict in Northern Ireland (NI) has been the use of beatings, shootings and exclusions by paramilitary organisations as a response to local crime and anti-social behaviour. Over the period 1998/99 to 2004/2005, more than 1,800 paramilitary-style shootings and assaults have been recorded in NI. This report focuses exclusively on the work supported by Atlantic Philanthropies (1999-2005), particularly during the period 2003 to 2005 (Phase II) which was restricted to eight identified sites and the achievement of decreased levels of punishment attacks, leading to the end of punishment violence directed at alleged anti-social behaviour, and increased levels of reintegration into communities. Details: Belfast: Queen's University, Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2006. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2015 at: http://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/sites/default/files/uploads/HMikaReport_0.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/sites/default/files/uploads/HMikaReport_0.pdf Shelf Number: 137234 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorReintegrationRestorative Justice |
Author: Smith-Moncrieffe, Donna Title: Evaluation Summary: Final Results - Stop Now and Plan (SNAP) Summary: Stop Now And Plan (SNAP) is a community-based program for children ages 6 to 12 who have come into contact, or are at risk of coming into contact, with the criminal justice system, and/or who display early signs of anti-social or aggressive behaviour. The program uses a cognitive-behavioural, multi-component approach to decrease the risks of children engaging in future delinquent behaviour. The SNAP model is based on a comprehensive framework for effctively teaching children with serious behavioural problems, emotional regulation, self-control and problem-solving skills. The core program components include the children's and parent's groups. The SNAP Boys and SNAP Girls offer 12-week gender-specific groups that teach emotion regulation, self-control and problem-solving skills. The concurrent SNAP Parent Group teaches parents effective child management strategies. Other program components include individual counselling/mentoring, family counselling, academic tutoring, youth leadership and a gender-specific component called "Girls Growing Up Healthy". These are recommended based on a continuing assessment of the child's risk and need levels. Although there is evidence regarding the effectiveness of SNAP in Canadian and United States contexts (within accredited mental health centres and community based settings), a further evaluation was conducted to assess the impact the program in a variety of other community-based organizations across Canada (i.e., youth justice, mentoring, and Aboriginal reserves). This summary provides an overview of the multi-site impact evaluation of SNAP that was funded by the National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS). The multisite impact evaluation assessed the efficacy of this program in three unique communities (Toronto, Edmonton and Cree Nation - Quebec), contributing to the collective body of knowledge of what works in crime prevention. Details: Ottawa: Public Safety Canada, 2015. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report: 2015-R017: Accessed March 22, 2016 at: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2015-r017/2015-r017-en.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2015-r017/2015-r017-en.pdf Shelf Number: 138380 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthCognitive-Behavioral ProgramCommunity-Based ProgramsCost-Benefit AnalysisDelinquency PreventionProblem-Solving Skills |
Author: Rosario, Giselle Title: Evaluation Summary of the Velocity Adventure Program Summary: Velocity is an adventure-based program aimed to reduce anti-social behaviour, increase attachment to school, and reduce substance-use among at-risk youth. It was identified as a promising intervention that helps youth overcome adversity, create and enhance their connections in the community, and make healthy lifestyle choices. Velocity is based on research that demonstrates the effectiveness of outdoor adventure-based programs in helping troubled youth channel their energy into more positive behaviours. Velocity targets youth, aged 13 to18 years, who are at risk of, or who have already been involved in criminal activity. The program addresses key risk factors associated with involvement in crime, including aggressive and anti-social behaviour, substance abuse, and poor attachment to school. The program has three chronological components: - Group-building day trip adventures (e.g. kayaking, rock-climbing) to establish program expectations, build relationships with staff and promote group cohesiveness; - 7-day Adventure Camp with activities in a remote setting (e.g. zip-lining, horseback riding) in combination with life skills and personal development activities; and - Engage-Connect-Shift, which provides ongoing adventure day trips, individual support from project workers and workshops. Velocity's programming was comprised of trust and communication activities, goal-setting, life skills, experiential learning, high adventure pursuits and health promotion. Youth were also provided with individual support, community referrals and on-going encouragement towards healthy lifestyles. The length of the program was one year including the selection process. Selection of youth participants into the program involved two referral forms and all data was documented in a data system. Details: Ottawa: Public Safety Canada, 2015. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report: 2015-R012: Accessed March 22, 2016 at: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2015-r012/2015-r012-eng.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2015-r012/2015-r012-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 138381 Keywords: Adventure ProgramsAnti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthJuvenile DelinquentsRecreational ProgramsSubstance Abuse |
Author: Snowdon, Christopher Title: Drinking, Fast and Slow: Ten years of the Licensing Act Summary: - Introduced in 2005, the Licensing Act allowed more flexibility in pub, bar and nightclub opening times and allowed for the possibility of '24 - It was widely predicted that the relaxation of licensing laws would lead to higher rates of alcohol consumption, more binge-drinking, more violent crime and more alcohol-related attendances to Accident and Emergency departments. In the event, none of this occurred. - Per capita alcohol consumption had been rising for many years, but peaked in 2004 and has fallen by 17 per cent since the Licensing Act was introduced. This is the largest reduction in UK drinking rates since the 1930s. - Rates of 'binge-drinking' have declined amongst all age groups since 2005, with the biggest fall occurring amongst the 16-24 age group. - Violent crime declined in the first year of the new licensing regime and has fallen in most years since. Since 2004/05, the rate of violent crime has fallen by 40 per cent, public order offences have fallen by 9 per cent, homicide has fallen by 44 per cent, domestic violence has fallen by 28 per cent and the number of incidents of criminal damage has fallen by 48 per cent. There has been a rise in violent crime between 3am and 6am, but this has been offset by a larger decline at the old closing times (11pm-midnight and 2am to 3am). - The weight of evidence from Accident and Emergency departments suggests that there was either no change or a slight decline in alcohol-related admissions after the Licensing Act was introduced. Alcohol-related hospital admissions have continued to rise, albeit at a slower pace than before the Act was introduced, but there has been no rise in the rate of alcohol-related mortality. There was also a statistically significant decline in late-night traffic accidents following the enactment of the Act. - The evidence from England and Wales contradicts the 'availability theory' of alcohol, which dictates that longer opening hours lead to more drinking, more drunkenness and more alcohol-related harm. The British experience since 2005 shows that longer opening hours do not necessarily create greater demand. - There is little evidence that the Licensing Act led to the creation of a continental cafe culture, as some proponents of liberalisation had hoped, but the primary objectives of diversifying the night-time economy, allowing greater freedom of choice and improving public order have largely been met. By relaxing the licensing laws, the government allowed consumers to pursue their preferences more effectively. In practice, this resulted in relatively modest extensions in opening hours, not '24 hour drinking'. By allowing a greater degree of self-regulation, the Licensing Act benefited consumers without creating the disastrous consequences that were widely predicted. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing 15:05: Accessed May 5, 2016 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Shelf Number: 138950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-social BehaviorBinge DrinkingDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Lees, Mick Title: When It Comes to Behaviour, Isn't It Time for Young People to be Seen and Heard? Summary: At the start of this research in September 2010, reported crime in general and specifically in the borough of Fairfield in London, continued to fall, and this included youth crime (Metropolitan Police 2010). Fairfield has replaced the name of the actual Borough. Despite this there was a perceived problem by many of those in authority and the community of Fairfield, of greatly increased anti-social behaviour and criminality involving young people. This resulted in anti-social behaviour orders being imposed and the increased use of exclusion zones as a tactic to reduce this behaviour. It would be unwise to go as far as to deny that the behaviour of the young is problematic; but the criminalisation of this behaviour ensures that its causes, and indeed, its objectives, recede into the background (Smith 2003: p188). To deal with this perceived level of crime there was a heavy emphasis in terms of police time and budget on catching and punishing offenders as a way of dealing with crime and anti-social behaviour as opposed to preventing the offending. There was also in the opinion of the author, but with academic support, a lack of understanding of what worked to positively influence the behaviour of young people. From talking to young people through his work this included in the home, school, and within the criminal justice system. This was combined with a belief that young people were neither consulted, nor listened to on the rare occasions they were spoken to. This work will look to answer the following questions: - Why 'society' has the perception it does about young people concerning criminal and poor behaviour. - What governments have sought to do to achieve a level of control of such behaviour through legislation and policy, the theoretical support for this, and whether these are the most effective policies considering all the factors in the young people's lives. - Finally it will look to examine what young people feel are the things that effect their behaviour in a positive or negative way in the home, in school, and in the community. The opinions of the young people were obtained through surveys conducted over three years which were analysed using SPSS, together with one to one interviews and group discussions. Taken together, this provided sufficient information on which to base analysis and conclusions concerning behaviour and the most effective interventions in Fairfield and beyond. Details: London: Middlesex University, 2016. 347p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 25, 2016 at: http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/19060/1/MLeesThesis.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/19060/1/MLeesThesis.pdf Shelf Number: 139818 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCriminal Justice PoliciesPublic Opinion, Juvenile |
Author: LeCroy & Milligan Associates, Inc. Title: Assessing Risk of Disruptive Behaviors Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing Risk of Disruptive Behaviors Among Juvenile Offenders Summary: The objective of this study is to develop an instrument to help improve the overall safety of juvenile correctional facilities and provide guidance for professionals to identify high need youth that will require additional support services. Details: Tucson, AZ: LeCroy & Milligan Associates, 2014. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2016 at: http://www.azdjc.gov/OfficesPrograms/Research/institutionalrisktechnicalreport.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.azdjc.gov/OfficesPrograms/Research/institutionalrisktechnicalreport.pdf Shelf Number: 144937 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorJuvenile CorrectionsJuvenile OffendersRisk Assessment |
Author: Foundation for Alcohol Research Education Title: Busted: Correcting the Sydney Lockout Myths Summary: In February 2014, the New South Wales (NSW) Government introduced a range of measures to reduce alcohol-related violence. This included the restriction of entry to new licensed premises ('lockouts') after 1:30 am and the cessation of alcohol sales ('last drinks') at 3am in the newly established Kings Cross and Sydney CBD Entertainment Precincts. Trading hour restrictions have been identified as one of the most effective policy interventions to reduce alcohol harm, including alcohol-related violence. Australian and international research demonstrates that for every additional hour of trading, there is a 16 to 20 per cent increase in assaults and, conversely, for every hour of reduced trading there is a 20 per cent reduction in assaults. Since their introduction in 2014, there has been misrepresentation of information and propagation of myths in relation to the impact of the lockout and last drinks measures (the liquor law reforms). With an independent review of the measures currently underway, it is important that the facts are clearly established. For this reason, the present study uses newly available data with other sources of robust information to evaluate the impact of the liquor law reforms in Kings Cross. The study identifies a variety of claims in relation to the impact of the liquor law reforms as either false or grossly exaggerated. Details: Deakin ACT: The Foundation, 2016. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 26, 2016 at: http://fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Correcting-the-Sydney-lockout-myths-August-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Correcting-the-Sydney-lockout-myths-August-2016.pdf Shelf Number: 146010 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, ViolenceAnti-Social BehaviorLicense PremisesLiquor LawsNight-time Economy |
Author: Chowdry, Haroon Title: Disadvantage, Behaviour and Cognitive Outcomes: Longitudinal Analysis from Age 5 to 16 Summary: The importance of children's social and emotional skills for life outcomes is well established, as is the link between these skills and family income. The combination of both of these can serve to entrench the cycle of inter-generational disadvantage. Previous work has shown that poorer children exhibit more behavioural and emotional problems on average than their wealthier peers, and that this gap appears early in childhood; less is known about the reasons why this might be and how long it persists for. There is also limited evidence on what might drive the interplay between early behaviour and later cognitive skills such as literacy and numeracy. In this report we present findings from new research on the following questions: (1) What is the relationship between economic disadvantage and child behavioural and emotional problems? Our analysis shows that there is a higher prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among disadvantaged children. We also find that this discrepancy can be fully accounted for by differences in maternal psychological well-being and parental education. This does not mean that economic disadvantage does not matter. However, it does suggest that it is factors associated with disadvantage, rather than economic disadvantage itself, that lead to the social gradient in child behavioural and emotional problems. Poor maternal psychological well-being explains around half of the socioeconomic disparity in behavioural and emotional problems. However, its association with these problems is only present in low- medium-income families, and the effect is strongest for children in poverty. This suggests that higher family income (or factors associated with it) may act as a protective factor against the risks from poor maternal psychological well-being, or that factors associated with poverty may amplify those risks. There is a lower incidence of behavioural and emotional problems in children with highly educated parents. It is likely that parental education is capturing a range of influences, such as the quality of parenting, of the home learning environment and of parent-child interactions. All of these factors may contribute to children's socio‐ emotional development and behaviour throughout childhood. (2) How do child behavioural and emotional problems influence later cognitive skills and attainment? Children with higher levels of behavioural and emotional problems at age 5 do less well, on average, in cognitive assessments - specifically, literacy and numeracy scores - at age 10 and age 16. This correlation remains, but to a lesser extent, after taking into account other individual and family factors that may contribute to this relationship. For example, parental education and maternal psychological well-being together explain half of the correlation between age 5 behavioural and emotional problems and age 10 cognitive skills. There is a statistically significant link between behavioural and emotional problems at age 5 and cognitive scores at age 16. However, this is fully explained when we control for cognitive scores and behavioural and emotional problems at age 10. In other words, after this is taken into account, there is no independent link between behavioural and emotional problems at age 5 and cognitive skills at age 16. One potential way to interpret this is that early childhood behavioural and emotional problems need not present a risk for future educational attainment if they can be turned around by age 10. Higher parental education is associated with higher cognitive scores, even after taking into account earlier cognitive scores and behaviours. This may reflect ongoing features of the home environment or parenting style that continue to influence children's learning and ability even into adolescence. Our findings highlight the interplay between cognitive and non‐cognitive outcomes, and the family-level factors that may contribute to these outcomes. Parental education and poor maternal well-being contribute to higher behavioural and emotional problems and lower cognitive scores, especially in early childhood. Behavioural and emotional problems at age 5 then contribute to behavioural and emotional problems and lower cognitive scores at age 10, which in turn contribute to lower cognitive scores at 16. As a result these factors can cast 'long shadows' into adolescence and early adulthood, if unaddressed through interventions or additional support. Details: London: Early Prevention Foundation, 2017. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 29, 2017 at: http://www.eif.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/disadvantage-behaviour-cognitive_Mar2017.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.eif.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/disadvantage-behaviour-cognitive_Mar2017.pdf Shelf Number: 145200 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthCognitive SkillsDelinquency PreventionDisadvantaged YouthEmotional DevelopmentSocioeconomic Conditions |
Author: Shortt, Joann Wu Title: Predicting Intimate Partner Violence for At-Risk Young Adults and Their Romantic Partners Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) in young men and women's romantic relationships is widely recognized as a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence, consequences for physical and mental health, and persistent nature. Work is needed on identifying both the developmental precursors to IPV and the pathways by which early risk increases susceptibility to IPV in order to develop targeted, timely, and effective interventions. The work funded under this National Institute of Justice award combined a prospective longitudinal component on how developmental risk factors in childhood predicted IPV in young adulthood with a proximal component on how concurrent contextual risk factors were related to IPV. Study Aims were tested using data collected over a 15-year period. Secondary analyses with 323 young adults (184 women, 139 men; average age 21 years) and their romantic partners (146 women, 177 men; average age 22 years) participating in the community-based Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) Study were conducted to examine pathways (i.e., prospective mediational models) predictive of IPV. The models were based on Dynamic Developmental Systems theory, which specifies how family, peer, and adolescent adjustment factors, and how couple and young adult adjustment factors (proximal associations), are related to IPV. The long-term impacts of the LIFT preventive intervention, which was intended to prevent aggression during and following elementary school, on IPV were also examined. Results Findings from five major sets of analyses were presented in journal articles. Areas of interest included examining pathways to IPV from childhood (i.e., prospective mediational risk models) with family and peer risk factors, examining young adult (proximal) IPV associations with substance use and relationship quality, as well as investigating the long-term effects of the LIFT intervention on IPV. Couples' IPV prevalence rates were relatively high. Most IPV was bidirectional or mutual, with men and women both perpetrating and being victims of IPV. Findings on developmental risk factors in childhood supported the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis. Childhood experiences of interparent IPV and experiences of coercive parenting (i.e., unskilled parenting) in the family-of-origin heightened the risk of IPV involvement in young adult romantic relationships. Findings also suggest that intergenerational processes and developmental pathways may be gendered. Pathways from family risk factors to IPV were via increased likelihood of problematic development in the youth, such as adolescent antisocial behavior, particularly for young men. Association with delinquent peers during adolescence was identified as a pathway to later IPV. Findings on contextual risk factors within young adulthood suggest important partner influences, such that partner characteristics of antisocial behavior and delinquent peer association also predict IPV above and beyond childhood risk factors. Men and women within couples were similar in levels of substance use, and there were associations between substance use and IPV particularly for men and for poly-substance users. Lastly, although the LIFT prevention program improved children's social and problem-solving skills and reduce physical aggression during childhood, the LIFT intervention did not appear to prevent IPV during young adulthood. Details: Eugene, OR: Oregon Social Learning Center, 2016. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250668.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250668.pdf Shelf Number: 145301 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthDrug-Related CrimeIntimate Partner ViolencePeer InfluencesYoung Adult Offenders |
Author: Johnston, Tricia Title: "Doomed to Deviance?": Examining the Impact of Perceived Ability to Change on Offending Behavior Summary: Several studies suggest that desistance from crime is influenced by factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, prior offending, delinquent peer associations, self-control, educational attainment, and social bonds (e.g. Blumstein, Farrington, & Moitra, 1985; Elliot, 1994; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Laub and Sampson, 1993; McCord, 1980; Uggen & Kruttschnitt, 1998). In addition, Maruna (2001) alludes to the importance of personal agency suggesting that offender's perceptions about their own ability to change are an essential component of the desistance process. Drawing upon qualitative data, Maruna finds that persisting offenders "feel powerless to change their behavior" (2001:74). Maruna refers to this perceived lack of control over the future as a sense of being "doomed to deviance" and suggests that persistent offenders struggle to desist because they view themselves as victims of circumstance(s) and unable to change. Thus, offenders' perceptions about their own ability to change are said to play a significant role in desistance. Using longitudinal data involving 1,354 serious youthful offenders from the Pathways to Desistance study, the primary purpose of this investigation was to conduct a quantitative test of Maruna's (2001) arguments. The data were used to examine the statistical relationship between future behavior and offenders' perceptions about their ability to desist. In addition, this study examined substance abuse and social support as factors that potentially shape offenders' expectations regarding their own ability to change. Consistent with Maruna's (2001) work, the results indicate that offender's perceptions about their ability to stay out of trouble with the law do impact future offending behavior. The results also show, however, that substance abuse and social support do not exert significant (direct) effects on perceived chances of staying out of trouble with the law, controlling for other variables. Implications for policy and theory are discussed. Details: Atlanta: Georgia State University, 2016. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed June 5, 2017 at: http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=cj_theses Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=cj_theses Shelf Number: 145913 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDesistance from CrimeDeviant Behavior |
Author: Aizer, Anna Title: Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School and Juvenile Detention Records Summary: Using a unique dataset linking preschool blood lead levels (BLLs), birth, school, and detention data for 120,000 children born 1990-2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on behavior: school suspensions and juvenile detention. We develop two instrumental variables approaches to deal with potential confounding from omitted variables and measurement error in lead. The first leverages the fact that we have multiple noisy measures for each child. The second exploits very local, within neighborhood, variation in lead exposure that derives from road proximity and the de-leading of gasoline. Both methods indicate that OLS considerably understates the negative effects of lead, suggesting that measurement error is more important than bias from omitted variables. A one-unit increase in lead increased the probability of suspension from school by 6.4-9.3 percent and the probability of detention by 27-74 percent, though the latter applies only to boys Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper No. 23392; Accessed June 8, 2017 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w23392.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w23392.pdf Shelf Number: 145984 Keywords: Aggression Anti-Social Behavior Lead Exposure Lead Exposure and Delinquency |
Author: DeAngelo, Gregory Title: Are Public and Private Enforcement Complements or Substitutes? Evidence from High Frequency NHL Data Summary: A substantial theoretical literature identifies two general approaches to deterring anti-social behavior: public police actions (specialized enforcement) to monitor and punish proscribed behavior, and private actions (community enforcement) to discourage both illegal and legal, anti-social activity. Recent papers highlight the importance of both enforcement approaches but empirical identification of their relative effects has been challenging. Utilizing a novel, event-level database from the National Hockey League and random variation in the amount of rest between games that a referee oversees as an instrument, we find that the timing of events is crucial in determining the relationship between different enforcement actions. When specialized enforcement is lacking, community enforcement acts as an effective substitute for specialized enforcement. However, when specialized enforcers are present, community enforcement creates no further deterrence. Conversely, conditional on initial actions by community enforcers, specialized enforcement is an effective complement to community enforcement. Details: Unpublished paper, 2016. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 9, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2756103 Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2756103 Shelf Number: 148092 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDeterrence Private Security Sports Violence |
Author: Johnsen, Sarah Title: The reconnection of rough sleepers within the UK: an evaluation Summary: Key points - Reconnection, defined in policy as 'the process by which people sleeping rough who have a connection to another area ... are supported to return to this area in a planned way' has become an increasingly prevalent feature of rough sleeping strategies in England in recent years, albeit largely in the absence of robust evidence regarding the impacts on rough sleepers. Evidence regarding reconnection outcomes is, at present, very weak. - Inter-city reconnections, that is, the reconnection of British nationals from one urban centre to another within the UK, comprise the majority of reconnections from some areas. In London, these are outnumbered by international reconnections (involving moves abroad) and intra-city reconnections (from one borough to another). This study focused on within-UK (inter-city and intra-city) reconnections only. - Reconnection is an umbrella term used to refer to a wide range of approaches, including: 'reconnection (proper)' which supports rough sleepers to return to somewhere they have an established link; 'diversion' which supports them to access services somewhere else where they do not have a connection; and 'deflection' wherein they are advised to return 'home' but are not provided with support to do so. - National guidance outlining agreed good practice exists, but implementation often deviates from this quite substantially. Resource and time pressures dictate that assessments of rough sleepers' connections and support needs are often extremely limited. Furthermore, support is in some cases intensive and tailored; but in the greater majority of cases is minimal. - In practice, connections are almost always assessed in terms of the Homelessness Code of Guidance for Local Authorities 'local connection' criteria. In some places, the last place of settled residence (where someone has lived for six out of the last 12 months or three out of the last five years) is regarded as 'trumps' and other criteria have little influence; in others weighting is given to other forms of local connection (e.g. having adult family members living in the area). - Outcomes are only recorded in a small minority of cases. The limited data available suggest that reconnection experiences and outcomes vary dramatically, from positive (e.g. accessing accommodation and re-engaging with support services) to negative (e.g. sleeping rough in the recipient area because the services offered are of poor quality or time limited). - Practitioners generally agree that reconnection is wholly appropriate and potentially beneficial in some circumstances, most notably where rough sleepers have made an unplanned move and abandoned 'live' supportive connections or services in so doing. Positive outcomes are more likely when good practice principles are adhered to, but are by no means guaranteed. - The limits and risks associated with reconnection raise significant ethical questions, especially as regards: denial of services to rough sleepers with no recognised local connection anywhere in the UK; uncertainty regarding the legitimacy and/or severity of risk to rough sleepers in recipient areas (especially when no proof in the form of police records exist); inadequate service responses in some recipient areas; and the fragility or lack of support networks in recipient areas. - These ethical dilemmas are most acute when reconnection is employed as a 'single service offer', wherein rough sleepers who refuse to comply are denied access to homelessness services in the identifying area. - These issues are profoundly important given indications that some local authorities are beginning to regard all single homeless people (not just rough sleepers) as potential reconnection cases and/or are tightening local connection criteria. If such trends are indicative of a more widespread 'raising of drawbridges' under localism it may become increasingly difficult for single homeless people to provide evidence of connections and access services. Details: London: Crisis, 2015. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 19, 2018 at: https://www.crisis.org.uk/media/237144/the_reconnection_of_rough_sleepers_within_the_uk_an-_evaluation_2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.crisis.org.uk/media/237144/the_reconnection_of_rough_sleepers_within_the_uk_an-_evaluation_2015.pdf Shelf Number: 149510 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior Homeless Persons Homelessness Nuisance Behaviors and DisorderRough Sleepers |
Author: Worwood, Erin B. Title: Evaluation of the Homeless Outreach Service Team (HOST) Program Summary: According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 610,042 people were homeless in the United States on a single night in January 2013 (HUD 2013). In Utah, state officials estimate that 15,093 individuals were homeless in January 2013, a 9.5 percent decrease from the previous year (Wrathall et al. 2013). When individuals experiencing homelessness lack the resources to gain adequate housing and key behavioral and support systems, they occupy public places that often create conflict with other community members. Communities may perceive homeless individuals to be a threat to community safety or a disruption to the functioning of businesses and public spaces. As a result, many communities have turned to their local law enforcement agencies and criminal justice systems to address these issues (NCH and NLCHP 2006). Law enforcement policies typically respond to such problems by restricting where homeless individuals can congregate and issuing citations for misdemeanor offenses and infractions that are specific to their status as homeless (e.g., public intoxication, urination in public, open container, trespassing, jaywalking) (American Bar Association 2006; U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness 2012; NCH and NLCHP 2006). The homeless gain entry into the criminal justice system when they are cited for misdemeanor offenses or infractions, fail to appear in court, or are booked into the jail on a court-ordered warrant (J. Baxter, pers. comm., September 10, 2012). Unfortunately, reliance on the criminal justice system as a means of managing homeless populations places an expensive burden on a system that is not equipped to address the underlying issues contributing to homelessness (Roman and Travis 2004). Salt Lake City's Homeless Outreach Service Team (HOST) program was developed in April 2011 as a collaborative effort between law enforcement and homeless service providers to disrupt this cycle and address the underlying issues of homelessness (M. Ross, pers. comm., October 2, 2012). The original purpose of the HOST program was to bring Salt Lake City police officers and community outreach workers together to identify homeless individuals who frequently panhandle or engage in other types of public nuisance activities in downtown Salt Lake City and to connect them to community resources. The main objectives of this program were to (1) encourage police to make referrals to services rather than issue citations to the homeless and (2) decrease the prevalence of panhandling by encouraging the public to give money to homeless service providers rather than directly to panhandlers. In 2012, the Salt Lake City (Utah) Police Department (SLCPD) received an award from the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) to expand the HOST program. The goals of the COPS Office HOST award were to fund a public awareness campaign, coordinate strategic planning efforts, and recruit and train formerly homeless individuals as volunteers to assist with outreach efforts. Salt Lake City has contracted with the Utah Criminal Justice Center (UCJC) to examine the impact of the award on services offered and the perceptions, roles, and responsibilities of personnel and key stakeholders involved with the HOST program. This report covers the three primary components of the HOST program: donations to homeless service providers, the homeless support group, and collaborative street outreach. Details: Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2016. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 27, 2018 at: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0814-pub.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0814-pub.pdf Shelf Number: 149588 Keywords: Anti-Social behaviorCollaborationHomeless PersonsHomelessnessOutreach ServicesPanhandling |
Author: Heerde, Jessica A. Title: Prevent crime and save money: Return-on-investment models in Australia Summary: Finding effective ways to prevent crime is important. This project was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of combining data from a 12-year Australian longitudinal study (N=2,885) with prevention strategy investment data to estimate potential returns, including a reduction in intimate partner violence and prison entry. The project investigated the return on investment achievable in Victoria with a $150 million investment in a mix of six evidence based prevention strategies. The study estimated that the 10-year lag effect of investing an extra $150 million was a five percent reduction in incarceration and a four percent reduction in cases of intimate partner violence involving physical force. The net return from the $150 million investment in prevention was conservatively estimated at $191 million. It appears feasible and cost-effective to prevent intimate partner violence, while also reducing incarceration rates. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2018. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 545: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi545 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi545 Shelf Number: 150068 Keywords: AdolescentsAnti-social BehaviorCost-Benefit AnalysisCosts of CrimeCrime PreventionEvidence-Based PoliciesIntimate-Partner Violence |
Author: Young, Tara Title: Risky Youth or Gang Members? A contextual critique of the (re)discovery of gangs in Britain Summary: The aim of this body of work has been to explore the anti-social behaviour and criminality of disaffected young people. In particular, my focus has been on how the perception of young offenders as 'youth at risk' needing guidance has metamorphosed into one of 'gang' membership requiring a punitive response. My work examines how community agencies and the criminal justice system have responded to this shift and focuses on the consequences for young people. Theoretically, this body of work has been influenced by a constructionist epistemology and incorporates a feminist methodology. The research work upon which this body of work rests consists mainly of qualitative research with marginalised young people, family members and practitioners working with them. My findings, detailed in various publications, have challenged assumptions about anti-social youngsters, the nature of collective offending by young people and the role the family plays in 'gang-related' offending. Most notably, they have sought to shape academic and political discourse in Britain by adopting a critical position against the prevailing view that 'gang-related' offending is the primary driver for the rise in violent offences. The work has contributed to the conceptualisation of 'gang' groups as they exist in contemporary Britain. It has influenced public policy on the gang, particularly in relation to defining the gang, on crime control and it has rerouted the debate about the involvement of girls and young women in street-based groups. Details: London: London Metropolitan University, 2016. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 17, 2018 at: http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/920/1/YoungTara_RiskyYouthOrGangMembers.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/920/1/YoungTara_RiskyYouthOrGangMembers.pdf Shelf Number: 150252 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthGangs (U.K.)Youth Gangs |
Author: Glensor, Ronald W. Title: The Problem of Cruising Summary: This guide begins by describing the problem of cruising, and reviewing factors that contribute to it. It then identifies a series of questions to help you analyze your local cruising problem. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem, and what is known about them from evaluative research and police practice. You should note that while both cruising and street racing involve vehicles, some primary differences exist between them. Cruising is a pastime largely confined to downtown areas; sanctioned cruising can also provide an economic boost to the community. For example, northern Nevada's weeklong "Hot August Nights" event generated $132 million for the cities of Reno and Sparks, with more than 800,000 people attending (RRC Associates 2003). Conversely, street racing is typically an underground affair, causing many related problems. The simplest definition of cruising is "unnecessary repetitive driving." Attempts to legally define cruising have been more difficult, however, as people have successfully challenged anti-cruising ordinances in court on constitutional grounds. Since at least the 1950s, people have cruised for a variety of reasons: to show off their own car, to see other people's cars, to find racing competitors, to impress members of the opposite sex, and to socialize.2 Reinvigorated and glamorized by popular films such as American Graffiti, cruising remains an enormously popular rite of passage for many young people.3 Today's cruisers drive a variety of vehicles: classic cars, pickup trucks, mini-trucks, muscle cars, lowriders (whose chassis narrowly clear the ground), and even motorcycles. Cruisers are particularly prevalent on Friday and Saturday nights, and they can number in the thousands. Among the most common cruisers are the owners of classic, restored and custom cars, who most often view the activity as an opportunity to showcase their automobiles. Among the most common cruisers are the owners of classic, restored and custom cars, who most often view the activity as an opportunity to showcase their automobiles. Credit: Nattalie Hoch But cruising is not purely harmless fun. It creates problems for the police, nonparticipating motorists, some businesses, and the community at large. Among them are conflicts between cruisers (including gang-related violence), littering, noise (from vehicle engines, screeching tires, car stereos, and exuberant fans), traffic congestion (including obstruction of emergency vehicles), traffic crashes, and vandalism and unintentional property damage. While cruising creates business for some merchants, it impedes business for others. In some jurisdictions, cruisers have divided up along racial, ethnic, and subcultural lines: blacks, Hispanics, punkers and heavy metal groups, the cowboy/western set, and so forth. Sometimes these divisions lead to group conflicts and violence, causing injury to participants and innocent bystanders and heightening fear in the wider community. In some jurisdictions, cruising has taken on a "rock concert" environment in which disorder, violence, and police enforcement are integral to the experience, and even expected and desired by the participants. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services: 2004. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 29: Accessed May 21, 2018 at: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pdfs/cruising.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United States URL: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pdfs/cruising.pdf Shelf Number: 95751 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCruisingNuisance BehaviorsTraffic Violations |
Author: Wooff, Andrew Title: Space, Place and the Policing of Anti-social Behaviour in Rural Scotland Summary: Anti-social behaviour (herein ASB) has become important socially, politically and culturally in the United Kingdom over the past fifteen years. Successive Governments have prioritised tackling ASB, with a plethora of legislation being introduced to tackle low-level nuisance behaviour. The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) shaped much of the policy in relation to ASB, with the flagship policy of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) being introduced alongside other punitive measures. Alongside the dramatic increase in policy aimed at criminalising nuisance behaviour, a large literature has emerged spanning the social sciences, allied health sciences and criminology fields. Despite a large number of studies examining ASB, none has thus far explored ASB in rural locations. Given that Scotland is a predominantly rural country, it is important that a concept that has driven a large part of the criminal justice agenda is conceptualised in rural locations. Despite the Social Attitudes Survey highlighting the fact that rural areas statistically suffer from less ASB, there is a commonly held (mis)conception that this means that the impact of ASB on rural areas is also less (Ormston & Anderson, 2009). There is also an assumption in the existing literature that because there is statistically less ASB in rural areas, that ASB is less serious than that which exists in urban locations. In addition to a general lack of theorisation of ASB in rural Scotland, the challenges of responding to ASB over a large geographic area adds an interesting and important spatial dimension to the way that ASB is tackled. The core argument in this thesis, therefore, is that the distinctive characteristics of rural environments are central to understanding the nature, meaning and impact of ASB in this environment. This thesis therefore begins to redress the lack of work on ASB in rural locations by conceptualising and analysing the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB in two case study locations in rural Scotland. Garland's theorisation of the new culture of crime control which emerged in the late 90s provides a helpful urban focused framework to examine debates around rural ASB (Garland, 1996). Drawing on the existing urban-based ASB literature, the thesis begins by critically examining whether ASB that occurs in rural locations is distinct from that witnessed in urban environments. This thesis argues that, although there are distinct aspects to the ASB present in the rural Scottish case studies, the ASB experienced typically mirrors that experienced in urban locations rather than reflecting a distinct form of rural ASB. Nevertheless, the rural context fundamentally shapes the impact that ASB has on rural communities. The thesis draws on criminological and rural literatures to argue that a more sophisticated approach, where scale, harm and context are central components of the way that the impact of ASB on rural communities is understood, needs to be developed. The limited rural literature examining crime often neglects the everyday, lived reality of the impact of ASB and crime on remote populations, instead tending to focus on the structural challenges associated with tackling ASB. Exploring the impact of ASB at this micro-scale illuminates interesting differences between the urban conceptualisations of ASB and those found in the rural. Progressing up to the meso-scale is important for understanding ways that the police and other actors respond to ASB in rural locations. The challenges associated with the scale of rural locations is apparent through the response of the police and other agencies to ASB. This thesis argues that, in contrast to the way that ASB is conceptualised in rural locations, there is a distinct rural policing response to ASB with a distinct interaction between agencies, the community and the police which is enabled by the scale at which each operates. ASB in rural locations therefore tends to be tackled in a more holistic manner, in which the circumstances of the individuals involved tend to be considered before the appropriate interventions are made. Context and scale therefore play a key role in understanding the response of various actors to ASB. Combining these three conceptual inputs, this study engages with an area of ASB which has hitherto received scant attention. In contrast to much of the existing urban ASB literature, which treats the context as a passive entity, this thesis argues that 'the rural' is a key contextual part of understanding the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB. Far from being a peripheral part of the ASB literature, the rural environment therefore should be considered of key importance for understanding ASB in other contexts. Details: Dundee: University of Dundee, 2014. 333p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6186556/andrew_wooff_space_place_and_the_policing_of_ASB_in_rural_Scotland.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6186556/andrew_wooff_space_place_and_the_policing_of_ASB_in_rural_Scotland.pdf Shelf Number: 150345 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersRural Areas |
Author: Mendolia, Silvia Title: The Effect of Religiosity on Adolescent Risky Behaviors Summary: We investigate the relationship between religiosity and risky behaviors in adolescence using data from a large and detailed cohort study of 14 year olds who have been followed for seven years. We focus on the effect of the self-reported importance of religion and on the risk of youths having early sexual intercourse, drinking underage, trying cigarettes, trying cannabis, and being involved in fighting at ages 14-17. We use school and individual fixed effects, and we control for a rich set of adolescent, school, and family characteristics, including achievements in standardized test scores at age 11, parental employment, and marital status. We also control for information on personality traits, such as work ethic, self-esteem, and external locus of control. Our results show that individuals with low religiosity are more likely to engage in risky health behaviors, whatever their combination of personality traits. These effects are robust to separate estimations for boys and girls and to the control variables used. Moreover, the results are essentially unchanged when we use Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment estimation methods - which provide causal estimates conditional on selection on observables only. Details: Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), 2018. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper Series No. 11566: Accessed July 2, 2018 at: https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11566/the-effect-of-religiosity-on-adolescent-risky-behaviors Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/11566/the-effect-of-religiosity-on-adolescent-risky-behaviors Shelf Number: 150749 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthJuvenile DelinquentsReligion and Delinquency |
Author: Heerde, Jessica A. Title: Prevent crime and save money: Return-on-investment models in Australia: Full report Summary: Adolescent antisocial behaviour, such as violence, is both a serious and costly issue in Australia and known to peak during adolescence. Depending on how adolescent antisocial behaviour is defined and measured rates of this behaviour vary, however in Australia are generally between 5 and 20%. The cost of crime in Australia is estimated to be $47.6 billion per year with rates of crime highest in the age 15-24 group. Adolescent antisocial behaviour has important implications for feelings of safety within the community and community members' enjoyment of their local environments. Thus, finding effective ways to reduce the developmental pathways to youth antisocial behaviour is important. An area of increasing importance is demonstration of the costs and benefits of effective approaches to reducing adolescent antisocial behaviour (so-called returnon-investment analyses). This report presents new analyses from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of antisocial behaviour in Victorian young people which began in 2002, designed to demonstrate the feasibility of combining Australian longitudinal cohort data with prevention strategy investment data to reduce crime versus expenditure on prisons in Australia. The project investigates rates and predictors of antisocial behaviour and violence from the early waves of the IYDS (age 11 years) to young adulthood (age 25 years) to estimate the return-on-investment in Victoria achievable with a $150 million investment in a mix of 6 evidence-based prevention strategies. The aims of the current project were to: 1. Report population rates in the Victorian context of different forms of antisocial outcomes at different points in the life-course; 2. Estimate effect sizes for modifiable risk factors; and 3. Estimate the return-on-investment in Victoria a $150 million investment would have in a mix of 6 evidence-based strategies. To investigate these aims data from 2,884 IYDS participants was used to estimate the reduction in incarceration and intimate partner violence achievable in the State of Victoria by investing $150 million in a mix of evidence-based prevention strategies. Baseline data were obtained in the IYDS at average age 15 from a sample recruited in 2002 to be state-representative of students in Victoria. Follow-up data were obtained at average age 25 in 2014/15. Evidence-based prevention strategies included: Nurse Family Partnerships, Triple P Universal and Triple P Level 4 groups, Secondary School Age Alcohol Supply Reduction, Tutoring by Peers and Screening and Brief Intervention for young adult alcohol problems. Based on the IYDS in 2014/15, findings showed, for those of average age 25 (range 21 to 29) the annual incarceration rate (any police or court apprehension) was estimated at 3.5% (1.0% for 1-day or more) and involvement in intimate partner violence involving physical force was 8.5% (causing physical injury was 3.0%). Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the effect of age 15 risk factors (socioeconomic disadvantage, family problems, child behaviour problems, substance [including alcohol] use and school problems) and age 21 alcohol problems on age 25 incarcerations and intimate partner violence involving physical assault. Analyses revealed the 10-year lag effect of having invested an extra $150 million would have been a reduction in 2015 of 1,624 cases of incarceration (5% reduction) and 3,034 cases of intimate partner violence involving physical force (10% reduction). In addition to these estimated 1-year effects, benefits would also have been observed in each of the prior nine years and in subsequent years. The prevention strategy investment mix investigated in this report was: Nurse Family Partnership for low income ($35 M), Triple P Universal ($34 M), Triple P Level 4 groups ($51 M), Secondary School Age Alcohol Supply Reduction (SAASR; $14 M), Tutoring by Peers ($9 M) and Screening and Brief Intervention for young adult alcohol problems ($7 M). The net return from the $150 million prevention strategy investment was conservatively estimated at $191 million. Project findings demonstrate several modifiable factors for antisocial behaviour that could be targeted in early intervention and prevention programs to reduce the developmental pathways that lead to youth perpetration of intimate partner violence and incarceration. The results of the current study demonstrate the importance of considering childhood and adolescent family and school-based problems/risk factors, as well as youth substance (including alcohol) use and previous engagement in antisocial behaviour. The present analysis reveals there is sound data to perform return-on-prevention investment analyses in Victoria suggesting it is feasible and cost-effective to prevent problems such as intimate partner violence, while also reducing incarceration rates. Together, project findings can be used to inform policy in Australia about financially viable and effective programs to reduce crime and antisocial behaviour. This project will contribute to understanding that imprisonment and family violence are preventable and that there are significant economic benefits in implementing evidence-based prevention and early intervention approaches. Details: Sydney: Criminology Research Advisory Council, 2018. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed July 5, 2018 at: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1718/18-1415-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1718/18-1415-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 150764 Keywords: AdolescentsAnti-Social BehaviorCost-Benefit Analysis Costs of Crime Crime Prevention Evidence-Based Policies Intimate-Partner Violence |
Author: Mason, Carolynne Title: Youth Crime Reduction and Sport Pilot Project Evaluation Report Summary: The Youth Crime Reduction and Sport Pilot Project resulted from StreetGames and the Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) for Derbyshire successfully securing funding from the Home Office Police Innovation Fund. The project aimed to test, explore and build an evidence base to show the most effective ways to maximise the value of appropriately designed sport-based interventions to policing and youth crime reduction initiatives. The timescale for the project was April 2015 - March 2017 and it had the following aims: - Test the effectiveness of neighbourhood sports interventions aimed at reducing demand for police service in relation to youth crime and ASB within seven existing projects in the StreetGames network ( eight identified areas comprise: Derbyshire, Cheshire, West Mercia, Northumbria, Greater Manchester, North Wales, Gwent and Nottinghamshire). - Link with Network Rail to review the effectiveness sport-based projects funded by Network Rail aimed at diverting young people away from rail track crime. - Bring together an Expert Group from identified partners creating a task and finish group to bring together the three sectors of community safety, local government, and sport to lead and deliver this project. (including PCCs, Policing agencies, local government, Network Rail and StreetGames) - Disseminate learning from the project to PCCs, crime agencies and the sports sector and produce a public facing document to explain the value of the work to communities as well as policing. Loughborough University were commissioned to evaluate the programme with the aim of developing a robust evidence base resulting from an exploration of the effectiveness of appropriately delivered neighbourhood based sports interventions in reducing demand for police service in response to youth crime and ASB. The evaluation involved a literature review, development of a logic-model and qualitative case studies of eight pilot projects located in England (n=6) and Wales (n=2). The qualitative case studies involved interviews with project leads, project staff and other partners (e.g. youth service staff, parents, Police and Community Support Officers (PCSOs) involved in the local projects. Focus groups were conducted with young participants and surveys were collated at the start and end of the project. The evaluation also drew on monitoring data collated by StreetGames and data collated by the police regarding youth-related ASB. Members of the evaluation attended regular network meetings attended by project leads in order to disseminate and verify early findings. The main aims of the evaluation were to: - Identify the critical success factors underpinning effective sport-based projects (Process) - Gather robust evidence demonstrating the impact of the pilot projects, drawing on relevant police youth-related ASB data in order to analyse potential financial cost savings and efficiencies, ideally achieving Maryland Scale 3 requirements (Impact) The evaluation findings with regard to these aims are presented within this report. Details: Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University, 2017. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2019 at: http://yvcommission.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Community-Safety-Evaluation-Final-Report_March2017.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://yvcommission.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Community-Safety-Evaluation-Final-Report_March2017.pdf Shelf Number: 154725 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDelinquency Prevention Juvenile Offenders Rail Track Crime Railroad Crimes Sport-Based Programs Sports Youth Crime Youth Interventions |
Author: Gewirtz, Marian Title: Conviction for Disorderly Conduct Summary: In New York City, about 1 in 5 prosecuted cases and 1 in 3 convicted cases end in conviction for disorderly conduct. CJA's latest publication, "Disorderly Conduct-New York City's Catchall Disposition," explores the causes and consequences of this disposition practice. Here are some of the key findings: Disorderly conduct is used as a catchall disposition for cases arraigned on a variety of offense charge types and severities. A defendant's prior contact with the criminal justice system is strongly associated with disorderly conduct convictions. More than 1 in 4 defendants convicted of disorderly conduct received a sentence of imprisonment. Details: New York: New York City Criminal Justice Agency, 2019. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2019 at: https://issuu.com/csdesignworks/docs/cja_discon_61b00a47726963?e=2550004/67174025 Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://issuu.com/csdesignworks/docs/cja_discon_61b00a47726963?e=2550004/67174025 Shelf Number: 155228 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Hamilton, Paul Title: Street Aware Evaluation: Final report into the Effectiveness of a School-Based Knife, Gun and Gang Crime Educational Intervention Summary: Street Aware is the name given to a series of educational talks delivered to all Year 6 primary school children in the City of Nottingham on the topics of knife, gun and gang crime. This report provides an overview of Nottingham Trent University's (NTU) evaluation findings of this early intervention programme. Briefly, the research set to establish: (i) Does Street Aware help young people to resist knife crime, gang related activities and more generally, anti-social behaviour? (ii) Can Street Aware be considered an effective early intervention? (iii) How are children's values, attitudes and knowledge about knife crime altered as a result of this 'educational' intervention? (iv) How effective are the three classroom-based sessions in delivering key messages around gang, gun and knife crime? Details: Nottingham: Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Centre for Children, Young People and Families, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2019 at: https://yjresourcehub.uk Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://yjresourcehub.uk Shelf Number: 155255 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorGang-Related Violence Gangs Gun-Related Violence Knife Crime Knives School-Based Programs Violence Prevention |