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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:01 pm
Time: 12:01 pm
Results for arrest-related deaths
3 results foundAuthor: Hart, Timothy C. Title: Arrest-Related Deaths in Nevada, 2009 Summary: This State Data Brief presents details related to the arrests-related deaths in custody that occurred in Nevada during 2009 and that were reported to the Center for the Analysis of Crime Statistics. The report includes information on when the incidents occurred, demographic information of the suspects, the cause and manner of the reported deaths, the mental/physical condition of the suspect at the time of the incidents, the location of the death, and whether the suspects were armed. Details: Las Vegas, NV: University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Department of Criminal Justice, Center for the Analysis of Crime Statistics, 2010. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2010 at: http://www.unlv.edu/centers/crimestats/SDBs/Arrest%20Related%20Deaths%20in%20Custody/Arrest%20Related%20Deaths%20in%20Custody%20v4.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.unlv.edu/centers/crimestats/SDBs/Arrest%20Related%20Deaths%20in%20Custody/Arrest%20Related%20Deaths%20in%20Custody%20v4.pdf Shelf Number: 120032 Keywords: Arrest-Related DeathsArrests |
Author: Banks, Duren Title: Arrest-Related Deaths Program Assessment: Technical Report Summary: The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) designed the Arrest-Related Deaths (ARD) program to be a census of all deaths that occur during the process of arrest in the United States. The manner in which these data were collected varied from state to state, and often depended on the data systems available to the state reporting coordinators (SRCs) responsible for data collection throughout the state, the involvement of local law enforcement agencies or medical examiner's/coroner's offices, and other support that the SRC may have had to conduct the data collection. This variability in approach has led to questions about whether these data collection methods were capable of capturing the universe of arrest-related deaths and law enforcement homicides in particular. BJS requested RTI International to conduct an assessment of the ARD program to evaluate (1) the coverage of the program in comparison to Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHRs) maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and (2) various aspects of the current program methodology. The coverage assessment matched law enforcement homicides captured by the ARD program to those found in the SHR justifiable homicide file, followed by a capture-recapture analysis to provide information on the scope and characteristics of cases eligible for inclusion in the ARD program that are captured in one or both of these data systems. The ARD law enforcement homicides and SHR justifiable homicide files are similar; however, some law enforcement homicides that were not classified as justifiable are not identified in the SHR. RTI calculated the size of the law enforcement homicide population in the United States and the ARD program coverage using two methods to estimate the lower and upper bounds of ARD coverage. We found that over the study period from 2003 through 2009 and 2011, the ARD program captured, at best, 49% of all law enforcement homicides in the United States. The lower bound of ARD program coverage was estimated to be 36%. These findings indicate that the current ARD program methodology does not allow a census of all law enforcement homicides in the United States. The ARD program captured approximately 49% of law enforcement homicides, while the SHR captured 46%. An estimated 28% of the law enforcement homicides in the United States are not captured by either system. However, the methodology for identifying ARD cases has changed over the observation period. In 2011, the ARD program was estimated to cover between 59% and 69% of all law enforcement homicides in the United States, depending on the estimation method used. While this coverage estimate still does not result in a census, it does suggest improvements over time in the overall approach to identifying law enforcement homicides and reporting them to the ARD program. We found considerable variability between states in the proportion of law enforcement homicides that are reported to the ARD program only, the SHR only, or to both sources in 2011. Twelve states reported only to the ARD program in 2011, while no states reported cases only to the SHR. Additional analyses to explore the effect of case identification methodology and SRC affiliation failed to identify a specific ARD methodology that was associated with better program coverage in 2011. The current analyses only compared ARD program coverage to the SHR. Other sources may also provide additional information about the extent of law enforcement homicides in the United States or in selected jurisdictions, and coverage of the various data collection systems. These sources include the Fatal Injury Reports that are part of the National Vital Statistical System maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and direct reports from local law enforcement agencies. In addition, the ARD program assessment examined only arrested-related deaths that are the result of law enforcement homicides. Arrest-related deaths due to illness, overdose, accidents, and other manners of death are likely even more difficult to identify and, if included, could have a significant downward impact on our coverage estimates. However, no other national data collection exists that examines arrest-related deaths due to a manner other than law enforcement homicide. If BJS pursues a collection to measure law enforcement homicides or all manners of arrest-related deaths in the United States, changes must be made to the data collection methodology to support more complete coverage. Details: Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International, 2015. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2015 at: http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ardpatr.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ardpatr.pdf Shelf Number: 134760 Keywords: Arrest-Related DeathsArrests (U.S.)HomicidesLaw Enforcement Homicides |
Author: Williams, Howard E. Title: Physiological Attributes of Arrest-Related Sudden Deaths Proximate to the Appllication of Taser Electronic Control Devices: An Evidence Based Study of the Theory of High-Risk Groups Summary: TASER electronic control devices (ECDs), manufactured by TASER International, Inc. in Scottsdale, Arizona, have become a popular tool for law enforcement. TASER International has sold more than 710,000 devices to 16,880 agencies in 107 countries. Although other manufacturers produce comparable types of electro-shock weapons, TASER products are the most commonly used in the United States and worldwide. Unfortunately, more than 870 people worldwide have died unexpectedly following law enforcement officers' uses of TASER ECDs. Currently, there is no research definitively establishing a causal relationship between the use of an ECD and the death of a person exposed to it. However, some recent studies suggest that application of TASER technology is responsible for sudden unexpected deaths. The ever increasing number of deaths following application of TASER ECDs and the growing number of cases wherein a coroner or medical examiner attribute the use of an ECD as a cause of death or as a significant contributing factor to the death raise legitimate concerns about the safety threshold of the devices. Researchers have proposed and tested many theories of why people die following the application of ECDs, including direct electro-stimulation of cardiac muscle, interference with breathing, and metabolic changes resulting in acidosis. Thus far, human model experiments have produced no evidence to support these theories. Another theory, which has recently appeared in the literature, has received no empirical testing the theory of high-risk groups. High-risk group theory postulates that elderly people, young children, people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, people with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, people under the influence of drugs (amphetamines, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, marijuana, opiates, and/or phencyclidine) or with a history of drug abuse, people intoxicated from alcohol or with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, people under extreme psychological distress or who exhibit signs of excited delirium, people who are mentally ill or taking psychotropic medications, people subjected to repeated or multiple applications, and pregnant women are at a heightened risk of serious injury or death following application of a TASER ECD. What the current literature fails to consider is that the same physiological attributes that are presumed to render members of high-risk groups more vulnerable to serious injury or death following application of a TASER ECD might render these same people more vulnerable to serious injury or death regardless of the tactics or weapons that officers use to subdue them. If that hypothesis is correct, the use of TASER ECDs on people in high-risk groups might be irrelevant to arrest-related sudden deaths. The potential for fatal adverse effects on high-risk groups when using other less lethal tactics and methods versus the potential for fatal adverse effects on high-risk groups following the use of a TASER ECD is currently unknown. Thus far, research has not directly addressed the question. By examining autopsy and toxicology reports of the deceased and comparing differences in the physiological attributes of arrest-related sudden deaths, one can then estimate whether a difference exists in high-risk group attributes between deaths proximate to the use of a TASER ECD and deaths not involving the use of an ECD. An arrest-related sudden death is a death that occurs following a collapse within 24 hours after the initial arrest or detention. The death must be unexpected, must not be the result of trauma or injury that a layperson could readily discern needs medical attention, and must follow a sudden change in clinical condition or the beginning of symptoms from which the deceased does not recover. It does not include police shootings and suicides. Details: San Marcos: Texas State University, 2013. 305p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 2, 2016 at: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/4855/WILLIAMS-DISSERTATION-2013.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/4855/WILLIAMS-DISSERTATION-2013.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 138016 Keywords: Arrest-Related DeathsNon-Lethal WeaponsStun GunsTasers |