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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:31 am
Time: 11:31 am
Results for assault
4 results foundAuthor: Bowen, Kendra N. Title: An Analysis of Criminal Situations: Decision Making and Other Contextual Factors of Robbery and Assault Summary: Research concerning the situational context in which crime occurs has taken a back seat to the study of criminality in criminological research. The purpose of this study was to examine the situational context of robbery, attempted robbery, assault, and avoided violence situations. Offenders from four western Pennsylvania county jail facilities were surveyed June through October 2010 concerning the contextual information in these types of situations in which they had been participants. This study examined situations nested within each respondent and compared these situations across respondents. This type of analysis was used to fully examine the personal (criminality) and situational factors that influence the studied situations. The personal level factors examined in this study were offender demographics, criminal history, hostile attribution bias and anger. The situational factors included decision making, anger and hostile attribution bias (in each situation), motive, victim selection, substance use, intent to harm, weaponry, and injury. The results from this study indicate that the study of the situational context of crime can provide more opportunities for researchers to unveil the complexities of criminal behavior. Utilizing social information processing theory, this study found that there were statistically significant differences in decision making in the studied situations. Additionally, hostile attribution bias and anger did play an important role in these situations, and more attention should be devoted to them. Lastly, past research has focused too narrowly on certain aspects of the situation (e.g., motive or victim selection), giving an incomplete depiction of the criminal situation. This research found that, by focusing on the situation in its entirety, more accurate information can be obtained as to which situational variables have a statistically significant relationship with robbery, attempted robbery, assault, and avoided violence situations. Details: Indiana, PA: Indiana University of Pennsylvania, The School of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Criminology, 2011. 283p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed August 17, 2011 at: http://dspace.lib.iup.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/2069/344/1/Kendra+Bowen.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://dspace.lib.iup.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/2069/344/1/Kendra+Bowen.pdf Shelf Number: 122422 Keywords: AssaultCriminal BehaviorDecision-MakingRobbery |
Author: Wright, Richard Title: Less Cash, Less Crime: Evidence from the Electronic Benefit Transfer Program Summary: It has been long recognized that cash plays a critical role in fueling street crime due to its liquidity and transactional anonymity. In poor neighborhoods where street offenses are concentrated, a significant source of circulating cash stems from public assistance or welfare payments. In the 1990s, the Federal government mandated individual states to convert the delivery of their welfare benefits from paper checks to an Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) system, whereby recipients received and expended their funds through debit cards. In this paper, we examine whether the reduction in the circulation of cash on the streets associated with EBT implementation had an effect on crime. To address this question, we exploit the variation in the timing of the EBT implementation across Missouri counties. Our results indicate that the EBT program had a negative and significant effect on the overall crime rate as well as burglary, assault, and larceny. According to our point estimates, the overall crime rate decreased by 9.8 percent in response to the EBT program. We also find a negative effect on arrests, especially those associated with non-drug offenses. EBT implementation had no effect on rape, a crime that is unlikely to be motivated by the acquisition of cash. Interestingly, the significant drop in crime in the United States over several decades has coincided with a period of steady decline in the proportion of financial transactions involving cash. In that sense, our findings serve as a fresh contribution to the important debate surrounding the factors underpinning the great American crime decline. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series; Working Paper 19996: Accessed March 31, 2014 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w19996.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w19996.pdf Shelf Number: 132035 Keywords: AssaultBurglary Cash Economic Crimes Electronic Benefit Transfer Larceny Theft Welfare Benefits |
Author: Great Britain. Law Commission Title: Reform of Offences against the Person Summary: THE PROJECT 1.1 The principal statute dealing with offences of violence committed against others remains the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 ("the 1861 Act"). In this report we make recommendations for reform of that Act and associated offences. Our consideration focuses primarily on those offences which deal with causing physical or psychiatric harm. However, because of their close connection with the 1861 Act offences, and in order to work towards coherent law reform in this area, we also consider offences such as assault and battery1 and the offence of assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty.2 1.2 This project forms part of our 11th Programme of Law Reform. In introducing the project, we said that: the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 is widely recognised as being outdated and stated our aim as being: to redraft the law on offences against the person, probably by creating a structured hierarchy of offences, as well as modernising and simplifying the language by which these offences are defined. 1.3 In November 2014, we published a scoping consultation paper on reforming offences against the person ("the SCP"). The paper examined the existing legal landscape and investigated whether reform was needed and, if so, what form such reform ought to take. The scoping study was in one sense a broader enquiry than our usual consultation papers, where it is generally already accepted that reform is necessary. The SCP asked questions designed to address two issues: (1) whether the 1861 Act was in need of reform; and (2) whether the previous recommendations (advanced in their most refined state in the Home Office's draft Bill of 1998) would serve as a good model for reform. Details: London: The Commission, 2015. 244p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 9, 2017 at: https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/lawcom-prod-storage-11jsxou24uy7q/uploads/2015/11/51950-LC-HC555_Web.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/lawcom-prod-storage-11jsxou24uy7q/uploads/2015/11/51950-LC-HC555_Web.pdf Shelf Number: 147168 Keywords: AssaultCriminal Law Offenses Against the Person Violent Crime |
Author: Freeman, Karen Title: Domestic and Family Violence by Juvenile Offenders: Offender, Victim and Incident Characteristics Summary: Aim: To examine domestic and family violence perpetrated by juveniles in New South Wales, including identifying characteristics of offenders, victims, and incidents. Method: Descriptive analysis was undertaken of a cohort of persons aged under 18 years who were proceeded against by New South Wales Police for domestic assault. A sub-sample of 200 police narratives for this cohort was further analysed to identify more detailed contextual factors associated with these incidents. Case studies are presented. Results: While the majority of juvenile offenders were male, approximately one third were female. Approximately half of the sample of offenders had criminal proceedings in the 24 months prior to, and the 12 months following, the reference offence, showing a pattern of ongoing criminal behaviour. Victims were more likely to be female, and more likely to be a family member, predominantly a parent, than an intimate partner. Both male and female victims were more likely to be assaulted by a male than female offender. The vast majority of incidents occurred in the victim's home and involved physical violence but did not involve a weapon. Alcohol and other drug use was infrequently associated with these incidents, however mental health issues experienced by the offender was noted in approximately one in four incidents. Conclusion: While domestic and family violence by juveniles has commonalities with domestic and family violence by adults, the nature of the relationship between victims and offenders presents unique challenges in providing appropriate responses to, and services for, victims and offenders. Details: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2018. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/2018/10/02/report-domestic-and-family-violence-juvenile-offenders-offender-victim-and-incident Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/2018-Report-Domestic-and-family-violence-by-juvenile-offenders-BB136.pdf Shelf Number: 154284 Keywords: AssaultChild-to-Parent ViolenceDomestic Violence Family Violence Juvenile Offender Mental Health Issues |