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Date: April 20, 2024 Sat
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Results for athletes
9 results foundAuthor: Dunn, Matthew Title: Attitudes Toward, Knowledge Of, Prevalence of Illicit Substance Use Among Elite Athletes in Australia: First Results Summary: This report presents the findings from a study investigating attitudes toward, knowledge of, and prevalence of illicit drug use among a sample of elite Australian athletes. It reports quantitative data from surveys of elite Australian athletes, and qualitative data from a sample of key experts, defined as those who through the nature of their work come into contact with elite athletes. Details: Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2009. 66p. Source: Technical Report No. 305 Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 117394 Keywords: AthletesDrug Use (Australia)Sports (Australia) |
Author: Dyson, Sue Title: Building Cultures of Respect and Non-Violence: A Review of Literature Concerning Adult Learning and Violence Prevention Programs with Men Summary: This report provides a review of effective practice in violence prevention education among men, drawing on literature on both adult education and violence prevention. It focuses in particular on efforts among male athletes in professional sporting and other settings, as well as those using ‘peer mentor’ approaches. Details: Carlton, South VIC, Australia: VicHealth, 2009. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 25, 2013 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Freedom-from-violence/Building-Cultures-of-Respect-and-Non-Violence.aspx Year: 2009 Country: International URL: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Freedom-from-violence/Building-Cultures-of-Respect-and-Non-Violence.aspx Shelf Number: 127402 Keywords: AggressionAthletesMalesPeer MentoringSports and ViolenceViolence Prevention |
Author: Australian Crime Commission Title: Organised Crime and Drugs in Sport: New Generation Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs and Organised Criminal Involvement in their Use in Professional Sport Summary: In 2011, the Australian Crime Commission (ACC) highlighted threats to the integrity of professional sport and concluded that there was potential for organised crime to infiltrate sport in Australia, as has occurred overseas. Data from the ACC’s 2010–11 Illicit Drug Data Report indicated that the market for Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs) has expanded, with record numbers of seizures, detections and arrests and increasing reports by users that they were injecting them. The ACC also received information from the Australian Sports Anti- Doping Authority (ASADA), as part of the ACC’s routine monitoring of all illicit drug markets, which suggested a potential threat to a number of sports from the use of new generation PIEDs. In early 2012, the ACC, with the assistance of ASADA1, began a project to consider the extent of use of PIEDs by professional athletes, the size of this market and the extent of organised criminal involvement. This project focused particularly on a new form of PIEDs, known collectively as peptides and hormones. These substances may provide effects similar to anabolic steroids and are considered by users to be next generation PIEDs. Some of these substances are perceived by athletes to be undetectable, making them attractive to those seeking to gain an unfair advantage. This report provides a summary of findings from this project. In particular, the ACC has now identified use of these substances, which are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), by professional athletes in a number of sports in Australia. Widespread use has been identified or is suspected in a number of professional sporting codes. In detailing the nature and extent of this threat to the professional sporting industry and the Australian Community, this report provides an important opportunity for Government, regulatory bodies and the sporting industry to address these issues head on. Details: Canberra: Australian Crime Commission, 2013. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: http://resources.news.com.au/files/2013/02/07/1226572/544748-acc-reoport.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://resources.news.com.au/files/2013/02/07/1226572/544748-acc-reoport.pdf Shelf Number: 127556 Keywords: AthletesDrug Abuse and CrimeOrganized Crime (Australia)Sports |
Author: Alpert, Geoff Title: Examining the Prevalence and Impact of Gangs in College Athletic Programs Using Multiple Sources: A Final Report Summary: Gangs in the United States have permeated areas and institutions previously unaffected by these anti-social and particularly violent youth groups until recent decades. Their geographic expansion has been documented by a substantial body of research that has focused primarily on the prevalence and impact of youth gangs in major American cities (e.g., Curry, Ball, & Fox, 1994; Miller, 1975). Contemporary research has demonstrated that these youth gangs have spread rapidly (e.g., Egley, Howell, & Moore, 2010; Klein, 1995) and the latest estimates provided by the 2008 National Youth Gang Survey suggest that approximately 27,900 gangs with 774,000 members exist in the United States (Egley, Howell, & Moore, 2010). The negative impact of youth gangs has also been well-established. Gang members have been disproportionately involved in delinquent and criminal activities as both offenders (Thornberry, 1998) and victims (Curry, Decker, & Egley, 2002; Peterson, Taylor, & Esbensen, 2004). Most notable has been their representation in violent crimes including homicides (Curry, Egley, & Howell, 2004; Miller, 1982; Tita & Abrahamse, 2004). Fortunately, most gang-involved youth have a relatively short duration of membership (Esbensen, Huizinga, & Weiher, 1993; Hill, Lui, & Hawkins, 2001; Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, & Chard-Wierschem, 1993) and interventions are focused on those stages in the life course during which the onset and continuity of gang activities is most likely to be established. Recent research has also examined the infiltration of youth gangs into various social institutions that serve youths and young adults in the United States. The existence of gangs in America’s schools has been repeatedly documented (e.g., Howell & Lynch, 2000; Tromanhauser, Corcoran, & Lollino, 1981) and these groups have negatively impacted individual students and the school as an organization (Burnett & Walz, 1994; Howell & Lynch, 2000; Hutchison & Kyle, 1993). In fact, there is a strong relationship between gangs and school crime (Burnett & Walz, 1994; Howell & Lynch, 2000), dropout rates (Hutchison & Kyle, 1993), and other anti-social outcomes. The problems posed by these groups in the larger communities served by those schools have created an inter-generational cycle of academic failure and criminal involvement. The presence of gangs in schools is not surprising considering the typical ages of gang members and the compulsory nature of our educational system. Gangs in the military, however, are counter-intuitive considering the structured and selective nature of this institution but their presence has been reported (United States Army, 2006; National Gang Intelligence Center, 2007). Youth gang members as student athletes in colleges and universities have surprised even the most attentive observers. This reality is startling considering that gang membership has been correlated with academic failure (Esbensen & Deschenes, 1998; Hill, Howell, Hawkins, & Battin-Pearson, 1999; Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, Smith, & Tobin, 2003) and serious criminal involvement as offenders (Curry, Egley, & Howell, 2004; Miller, 1982; Thornberry, 1998; Tita & Abrahamse, 2004). That said, media reports have documented that gang members have been recruited by college athletic programs (e.g., Davidson, 1986; Grumment, 1993; Hooper, 1997; LiCari & Hall, 1994; Schlabach, 2000) and a few reports have portrayed these student-athletes as involved with crimes including homicide (e.g., Berkin, 2004; Mushnick, 2004, Bosworth, 1991; and Radford, 2009), and as victims (e.g., Faught, 2003; Johnson, 2007). Interestingly, no systematic research has examined the extent of gangs in college athletic programs, an institution that is ubiquitous in American society. The purpose of the current study is to examine the prevalence and impact of ganginvolved student-athletes participating in collegiate athletic programs. First, we present a review of the existing literature regarding gangs generally as well as in several institutions to establish the context for our study of gang membership in college athletics. Next, the methodology of the present study is discussed, followed by the findings provided by college athletes, athletic department administrators, and campus law enforcement executives. These findings provide the first systematic examination of gangs in college sports from several sources that have first-hand knowledge of these programs and individuals. Lastly, policy implications of this study are presented. Details: Unpublished report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2011. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2013 at: http://artsandsciences.sc.edu/crju/pdfs/gangs_and_student_athletes_final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://artsandsciences.sc.edu/crju/pdfs/gangs_and_student_athletes_final.pdf Shelf Number: 127919 Keywords: AthletesAthleticsCampus CrimeColleges and UniversitiesSportsYouth Gangs (U.S.) |
Author: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Title: Addressing Sexual Assault and Interpersonal Violence: Athletics' Role in Support of Healthy and Safe Campuses Summary: This guide is a general introduction to the problems that result from sexual assault and interpersonal violence and how they are affecting college students and student-athletes. It is meant to assist intercollegiate athletics administrators and those who provide educational programming for student-athletes in developing their own approaches to preventing or reducing the incidents of sexual assault and other acts of interpersonal violence on their campuses. It provides information on responding appropriately to acts of violence and other matters relevant to complying with federal law. It can help intercollegiate athletics to be better informed about its specific responsibilities with regard to sexual assault prevention, response and recovery. It includes practical suggestions on how intercollegiate athletics may be a valued and valuable campus partner in addressing the issue. Included in the guide is the student-athletes’ perspective on this issue. It emphasizes how critical their role is in making meaningful and lasting changes in intercollegiate athletics departments and on their campuses. This guide can assist intercollegiate athletics staff in developing and enhancing relationships with other campus offices and experts whose work focuses on sexual assault and interpersonal violence. It provides information on where helpful individuals, materials and other resources may be found on a college campus. For these departments that are in the early stages of tackling those issues or want to expand their efforts, this guide provides information on becoming involved with other campus constituencies and getting institutional support. For those intercollegiate athletics departments that have already established or made substantial progress in forming cross-campus collaborations and providing educational programming, this guide will be affirming. This guide advocates the advancement of intercollegiate athletics as a prominent player in shifting campus cultures toward greater safety through sexual assault and interpersonal violence prevention. It also addresses effective response and support for recovery from those incidents when they occur. This guide can be a resource to help intercollegiate athletics become a major contributor to make its campus safer for all students, including student-athletes. Details: Indianapolis, Indiana: NCAA, 2014. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 1, 2014 at: http://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Sexual-Violence-Prevention.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Sexual-Violence-Prevention.pdf Shelf Number: 133529 Keywords: AthletesCampus Crime (U.S.) Campus Rape Colleges and Universities Interpersonal Violence Sexual Assault |
Author: Brackenridge, Celia Title: Sport, Children's Rights and Violence Prevention: A Sourcebook on Global Issues and Local Programmes Summary: UNICEF is the world's largest child protection agency. The work of UNICEF is delivered through diverse agencies and national settings. Frequently, sport is used by the agency as a mechanism for repairing broken communities after human conflicts or natural disasters. However, sport itself is by no means neutral when it comes to the safety and welfare of the child. In 2007 this issue was recognised as a gap in the provisions of UNICEF. To their credit, and thanks largely to the persuasive powers of Susan Bissell, then working at the UNICEF International Research Centre in Florence, Italy, the staff at UNICEF convened a roundtable of experts in research and policy on welfare in sport. Over the next few years, the group drew together a report on the state of evidence about violence to children in sport and a summary of available prevention policies. This report, authored by Celia Brackenridge (UK), Kari Fasting (Norway), Sandra Kirby (Canada) and Trisha Leahy (Hong Kong) was published as a United Nations Innocenti Research Centre Review in 2010 and entitled Protecting Children from Violence in Sport: A review with a focus on industrialized countries. It was not possible within that relatively short document to provide many details of the research and policy issues that it addressed. Hence it was agreed that a second, companion volume would be compiled to give interested readers further information and practical examples of both global and local projects to prevent violence to children in sport. For several reasons, that companion volume sat on the presses for some years. We have decided to publish it here in the state that it was left in 2008, to stand as a record of the issues at that time and to fill a gap in the ever-widening trail of literature about child rights and safety in sport. Inevitably, both science and practice have moved on in the intervening years. Several significant initiatives for child athlete welfare have started and the growth of scientific studies in this field has been exponential. As one example, the editors launched BIRNAW in 2010, a network of some 45 interested researchers, policy makers, sport organisations and other stakeholders who wish to advance the field, whose first publication is available as a free download (Brackenridge and Rhind, 2010, see Note 1 below). There are also now new websites, research projects and coalitions of advocates and scientists across the world that were not active before 2008. We make no apology for omitting these here: others are working on texts that will take the story forward from 2008. For our part, this book represents simply one step in recording the journey towards child safety in and through sport. Details: London: Brunel University London, 2012. 202p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 30, 2015 at: http://www.brunel.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/369293/2012-Sport-and-childrens-rights-edited-book.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.brunel.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/369293/2012-Sport-and-childrens-rights-edited-book.pdf Shelf Number: 135429 Keywords: AthletesChild ProtectionSports Violence |
Author: Kavanagh, Emma J. Title: The Dark Side of Sport: Athlete Narratives of Maltreatment in High Performance Environments Summary: This study provides a unique insight into the impact and experience of maltreatment in elite adult sport, which to date has had limited consideration within the sporting literature. The evidence suggests that elite adult athletes can experience maltreatment in high performance environments and such treatment has the potential to have long-term negative effects on athlete wellbeing and continued participation in sport. However, to date, much of the guidance on protecting and supporting athletes has been directed toward child athletes or those under the age of 18. There remains much to be understood about the experience of maltreatment into adulthood if adult safeguarding and protection in sport are to be enhanced. The aim of this study is to explore elite adult athletes' experiences of maltreatment in high performance sport. In order to meet the aim of this research, athlete narratives of maltreatment gained through in-depth interviews were completed in order to capture the experiences of both male and female elite athletes. The participants of this study were 12 elite athletes between the ages of 19 and 35 years (mean = 27 years), who had competed in the United Kingdom and had represented England, Wales and/or Great Britain within their chosen sport. A variety of sports and sports types were included within the sample with participants from eleven different sports (hockey, volleyball, archery, rugby, cricket, football, eventing, handball, beach volleyball, taekwondo and tennis), and both team and individual sports were represented. Five main themes were identified: becoming an athlete, being an athlete, being maltreated, the perceived impact of maltreatment and coping with maltreatment. The findings suggest that maltreatment in sport is complex and multifaceted, and has the potential to pose a significant threat to athlete wellbeing. Prior to this study, existing research had failed to explore maltreatment as an overarching phenomenon and instead sought to examine individual types of maltreatment. While this has increased understanding, the complexity of experience is lost when individual maltreatment types are explored in isolation. This study underlines the co-occurring nature of maltreatment as well as the diverse nature of the experience of maltreatment. In addition, taking a broader approach has enabled an understanding of maltreatment types that have not previously been systematically explored. This study therefore extends knowledge about and understanding of the experience of maltreatment in high performance environments. A conceptual framework is presented to demonstrate how athletes experience maltreatment in sport. This study supports the need to further explore the impact on and consequences of maltreatment for athletic experience. Implications for practice and future research directions are outlined in order to identify the scope of work yet to be explored in this area. This study makes an important contribution to knowledge as the first piece of research that seeks to illuminate the experience of maltreatment in high performance sport. Details: Poole, UK: Bournemouth University, 2014. 322p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 15, 2015 at: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21488/1/PhD%20EK%20Final%20(2).pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21488/1/PhD%20EK%20Final%20(2).pdf Shelf Number: 136981 Keywords: AthletesMaltreatmentSports |
Author: Guerin, Paul Title: College Student Athletes Early Intervention Program at the University of New Mexico Summary: The Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse Programs (DSAP) contracts and works with the Public Safety Psychology Group (PSPG), Media Literacy and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), and the Albuquerque Police Department (APD) in an effort to prevent drug and alcohol abuse. Due to the age of college athletes, and the above average risk of heavy episodic drinking, getting to these groups of students early in their college and sport careers is vital. Details: Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, Institute for Social Research, 2016. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 16, 2017 at: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2016/college-student-athletes-early-intervention-program-at-the-university-of-new-mexico.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2016/college-student-athletes-early-intervention-program-at-the-university-of-new-mexico.pdf Shelf Number: 147352 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse PreventionAthletesColleges and UniversitiesDrug Abuse PreventionSportsSubstance Abuse Prevention |
Author: Paoli, Letizia Title: The Supply of Doping Products and the Potential of Criminal Law Enforcement in Anti-Doping: An Examination of Italy's Experience Summary: Motivation and Aims of the Study The present study draws its main motivation from the growing dissatisfaction of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and numerous international and national policy-makers with the traditional anti-doping approach. This has developed since the 1960s through the interaction of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), international sports federations, and national governments, and since 2001, WADA, "focus[ing] squarely on the athlete[s]" (WADA, 2010b) and their testing. The 2012 London Olympics again demonstrated the limits of athletes' testing: despite the 6,000 tests conducted, only two athletes tested positive during the Olympics, whereas seven others were "caught" in the preceding two weeks, which also belong to the official testing period for the games (Associated Press, 2012; Niggli, 2013, personal communication). Today, there is a growing consensus among national and international policy-makers and many scholars (e.g., Bannenberg and Rössner, 2006; Rössner, 2011; Howman, 2011; Houlihan and García, 2012; see also AFP, 2011) that a broader approach is needed, including the use of criminal law instruments and, specifically, the repression of "trafficking." According to the WADA (2010), for example, "it is imperative that additional strategies be combined with testing, research and education to ensure an efficient and effective anti-doping fight." Testing alone cannot tackle five of the eight core violations listed in the WADA Anti-Doping Code, which constitutes the cornerstone of the current international drug control regime and is implemented by national governments through the ratification of the 2005 UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport. In this study, we have examined Italy's anti-doping criminal law experience with the two main aims: 1) analyzing the production and distribution (collectively referred to as trade or supply) of doping products-an expression that includes both doping substances and methods and 2) understanding how anti-doping criminal provisions and their enforcement can contribute to improve the fight against doping within and outside the sports world. Since the late 1990s, in fact, Italy has played a pioneering role in the criminal law control of doping, and numerous investigations have shed light in Italy on different facets of the problem of doping and specifically of the supply of doping products. By implementing a multi-method research design (see below), we have mapped the distribution system of doping products from producers to final users in Italy and built a typology of suppliers, identifying their motivations, modus operandi and mutual relationships and assessing their revenues and profits. On the basis of the same and other secondary sources, we have also evaluated the legislative bases, actors and outcomes of Italy’s anti-doping criminal law action, identifying a series of challenges that this action faces. To provide necessary context for assessing the supply of doping products, we have also estimated the size and financial dimensions of the Italian market for doping products - to our knowledge our study constitutes the first attempt to estimate these aspects of a national market for doping products. Details: s.l.: World Anti-Doping Agency, 2013. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 17, 2019 at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2013-Paoli-Donati-Report-Executive-Summary-EN.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Italy URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2013-Paoli-Donati-Report-Executive-Summary-EN.pdf Shelf Number: 155442 Keywords: AthletesDoping in Sports Drug Abuse Sports Doping |