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Date: April 25, 2024 Thu
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Results for brothels
7 results foundAuthor: Donovan, B., Harcourt, C., Egger, S., Schneider, K., O’Connor, J., Marshall, L., Chen, M.Y., & Fairley, C.K. Title: The Sex Industry in Western Australia Summary: The Western Australian Government is currently reviewing its legislative approach to prostitution. In parallel with this process, the Law and Sexworker Health (LASH) team independently compiled extensive collateral data on the prostitution laws in WA, and prosecutions (2000-2005) resulting from those laws; the structure and function of the sex industry in Perth; the demographics, behaviour, health, and welfare of a representative sample of brothel-based sex workers in Perth; and the operation of health promotion and clinical services in WA. The WA Department of Health contracted the LASH team to compile this Report in order to better inform WA policy considerations. The LASH team had been funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council to investigate if the various legislative approaches across Australian jurisdictions were associated with different health and welfare outcomes for the sex workers. Three capital cities were selected and the LASH team focused on urban brothel-based female sex workers for comparability reasons, and because such women provide the bulk of commercial sexual services in Australia. Perth was selected because most forms of commercial sex are illegal, Sydney because adult sex work is largely decriminalised, and Melbourne because sex work as "legalized": that is, either brothels or individual sex workers must be licensed. Unlicensed brothels or sex workers in Melbourne remain criminalised. In brief, the LASH team determined that - Perth had a small (and possibly contracting), diverse, and open sex industry commensurate with the size of Perth's population. WA men are infrequent consumers of commercial sexual services, with only 1.9% purchasing sexual services in any one year, similar to the Australian average. This suggests that criminal sanctions in WA do not reduce the incidence commercial sex. - Despite a remarkably large number of laws against prostitution-related activities, offenses finalised in the WA courts were overwhelmingly concentrated on the street-based sex industry. Indeed, more male clients of street workers were prosecuted than street workers. Over the six-year period, 2000 to 2005, there were no prosecutions against several prostitution laws. - Perth brothels remained concentrated in traditional inner-city areas and the police still maintained a database of sex workers, indicating that the "containment policy" was still in effect despite its official abandonment in 2000. The police visited Perth brothels and required names and other information much more than in brothels in Melbourne and Sydney. Nevertheless, there was little evidence of police corruption in Perth. - Compared to sex workers in Melbourne and Sydney, brothel-based female sex workers in Perth were less educated, and fewer were born in Asian or other non-English speaking countries. Though one in five Perth workers rated their English language skills as "fair" or "poor", no health promotion staff with foreign language skills were available. The organisation charged with delivering health promotion services to the WA sex industry, Magenta, had limited access to most brothels because of the illegal status of the industry. - Nevertheless, condom use at work approached 100% in Perth brothels and when the LASH team tested the Perth women the prevalence of four sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - chlamydia (2.7%), gonorrhoea (0), Mycoplasma genitalium (3.6%), and trichomoniasis (0.9%) - was at least as low as the general population. These low STI rates were similar to the rates in sex workers in Melbourne and Sydney. - Similar to Melbourne and Sydney, 10% of Perth brothel workers were found to be severely distressed on psychological testing (the Kessler-6 scale) and this was strongly associated with injecting drug use. This proportion was twice as high as the general population. Details: Sydney: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, 2010. 51p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 13, 2013 at: http://www.med.unsw.edu.au/nchecrweb.nsf/resources/shpreport/$file/wasexreport.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.med.unsw.edu.au/nchecrweb.nsf/resources/shpreport/$file/wasexreport.pdf Shelf Number: 127606 Keywords: BrothelsProstitutesProstitutionSex IndustrySex Workers (Australia) |
Author: Danford, Nicholas Title: Bylaws and Brothels: An analysis of Toronto's adult entertainment governance strategy Summary: Planning for the adult entertainment and sex industry is incredibly controversial. Issues of morality, safety, and health all play major roles on where adult entertainment and sex establishments should be located in cities. Given the municipal government's role in land-use planning it holds strategic position to influence where legal bawdy-houses (brothels) are located. Municipalities have taken a variety of approaches to regulating the location of adult entertainment establishments. As more jurisdictions legalize brothels, municipalities will need to ensure that these establishments are located in the optimal location to ensure safety and security for the workers, their patrons, and the general public. The report has taken an investigative nature and has identified areas for Toronto to develop and improve policies and governance tools related to regulating the sex industry, more specifically inclusion of brothels as a type of sex establishment. The recommendations of this report are geared to municipal decision makers and aim to begin the discussion and set out a strategic direction on this important and pressing planning topic. It is also important, however, that the political climate is considered prior to implementation of any of the recommendations outlined in this report. It is imperative for the safety of the community, sex workers, and their clients that municipalities begin this policy discussion now. It is clear that, although not at the forefront of municipal policy-makers, this topic is of interest. Details: Kingston, ON: Queen's University, 2013. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed October 15, 2014 at: http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/7987 Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/7987 Shelf Number: 133911 Keywords: BrothelsProstitutesProstitutionSex IndustrySex Workers (Toronto) |
Author: NSW Parliamentary Research Service Title: Brothel regulation in NSW Summary: The question of how to effectively regulate brothels has led to considerable divergence in regulatory models used in both Australian and overseas jurisdictions. The most decriminalised of all Australian jurisdictions, NSW relies primarily on planning laws to regulate brothels. In December 2010, the NSW Coalition's Shadow Minister for Intergovernmental Relations released an election plan for a brothel licensing regime. This regime was to involve "stringent vetting of brothel licence applicants to clamp down on the use of brothels by organised crime groups and unsuitable persons". A licensing scheme was not introduced during the Coalition Government's first term in office. On 25 June 2015, Minister for Innovation and Better Regulation Victor Dominello announced a parliamentary inquiry into brothel regulation in NSW. The Legislative Assembly's Select Committee on the Regulation of Brothels, which will report by 12 November 2015, is to examine and report on: a) appropriate local and State Government regulatory and compliance functions for brothels; b) the demarcation in local and State Government roles and responsibilities; and c) possible reform options that address the social, health and planning challenges associated with legal and illegal brothels. This backgrounder updates the 2011 NSW Parliamentary Research Service ebrief Regulation of brothels: an update with recent sources as well as outlining some international regulatory models. The backgrounder provides a collection of sources on brothel regulation, including research reports, journal articles, and other commentary. The sources listed represent a small selection from a substantial amount of available literature. Links are provided to the full text of sources throughout the paper. Details: Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Research Service, 2015. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Backgrounder Number 1/July 2015: Accessed July 29, 2015 at: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/BrothelregulationinNSW/$File/Brothel+Regulation+in+NSW.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/BrothelregulationinNSW/$File/Brothel+Regulation+in+NSW.pdf Shelf Number: 136230 Keywords: BrothelsProstitutesProstitutionSex Workers |
Author: Barber, Amee Title: From the Red Light to the Red Carpet: Legalization, Deliberation, and the Paradoxical Challenges to Sex Work Policy in the Netherlands Summary: This dissertation utilizes deliberative democratic theory to analyze two moments of Dutch policy-making around sex work. The first moment covers the period from 1990 to 2000, the decade prior to the full legalization of the sex industry in the Netherlands, and includes a focus on the national, legal-parliamentary process that resulted in the lifting of the Brothel Ban. The second moment explores the decade after the legalization of sex work, when sex work policy was decentralized, and narrows the focus to Amsterdam's local policy-making system. Sex work advocates heralded the lifting of the Brothel Ban as a victory for the legal rights of all sex industry personnel and cited its democratic character, a feature resulting from the meaningful inclusion of marginalized political subjects. Soon after legalization, however, the sex industry was politically excluded from the local policy-making processes that had recently been given responsibility for sex work regulation. In the absence of the sex industry, Amsterdam's private and public sector elites partnered to create Project 1012, a set of policies that sought the physical restructuring of Amsterdam's core and aimed to revamp its image by reducing the number of window brothels by at least forty per cent. To implement Project 1012, the project's proponents purchased a number of window brothels and restricted the emergence of new brothels in Amsterdam's core with the use of an exclusionary zoning plan. Amsterdam's municipal authorities also used the national Public Administration Probity in Decision-Making Act (the BIBOB), passed in 2003, to put the Red Light District's (RLD) remaining window brothels under routine investigation on grounds of suspicion of criminal activity. Under such pressure, several window brothel owners sold their properties for other uses. By comparing and contrasting these separate policy moments using a set of criteria I derive from deliberative democratic theory, I demonstrate a shift in the political character of sex work policy-making. Through the description of these two policy periods, it becomes clear that the development of these policies, their framing and the municipal tools used to enact them evince a marked shift in both the degree of legitimacy that sex work was ascribed and in the involvement of sex industry personnel in the policy-making process. The contrasts that emerge between these two time periods clearly sets them apart with respect to their democratic legitimacy. In assessing the consequences of this shift for those involved in the sex industry I show that while all who hold a stake in the RLD's sex businesses have been negatively impacted by Project 1012, the sex worker, particularly the migrant sex worker, is the most disenfranchised by this political shift. The discussion of consequences is followed by an investigation of those factors that most strongly contributed to the shift, such as the discovery of human-trafficking rings within Amsterdam, the emergence of a strong anti-trafficking campaign, rising racial tensions and xenophobia, as well as an intense, neoliberal, European intra-urban competition. These social and economic forces, discourse and factors have all combined to change the way in which sex work is understood and have compelled a need to close the RLD, a symbol of Dutch progressive tolerance, in order to protect it and its workers from 'foreign' influence, as well as improve Amsterdam's international competitiveness. Project 1012 reimagines the RLD in the absence of both sex workers and 'foreigners,' aims to make it more commercially profitable and return the space to those deemed more deserving. The sense of urgency instilled by these discourses has trumped the use of deliberative democratic policy mechanisms as a way to address the morally contentious topic of sex work and uncover alternate visions for the RLD. Details: Edmonton: University of Alberta, 2014. 406p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 12, 2015 at: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/downloads/f1881m26g Year: 2014 Country: Netherlands URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/downloads/f1881m26g Shelf Number: 137278 Keywords: BrothelsProstitutesProstitutionSex Workers |
Author: Victoria. The Prostitution Control Act Ministerial Advisory Committee Title: Improving the Regulation of the Sex Industry and Supporting Sex Workers Who Want to Move On Summary: This report presents the result of the Committee's analysis of its terms of reference to enquire into and examine: 1. appropriate support services for people considering moving on from sex work, and 2. the experiences of prostitution business proprietors under the Prostitution Control Act 1994 ("the Act"), particularly the provisions relating to advertising, liquor and health and safety, to advise on improvements to achieve the principle objective of harm minimisation. The report is in five sections. Section 1 presents an introduction to the report and a summary of the objectives of the Prostitution Control Act 1994. Section 2: Supporting Sex Workers who want to Move On presents the work of the Committee in fulfilling the terms of reference about career transition support. This section draws the thread of knowledge gathered from the Committee's research and presents them into a set of recommendations to improve the delivery of services for sex workers in Victoria. The Committee also submitted to the Minister an interim report summarising these interviews in May 2005 (see Appendix 1 for the Interim Report). The interim report found that there are many pathways into prostitution and that moving on from sex work is just as complex. Section 3: Improving the Regulations of the Sex Industry presents the results of the Committee's examination of the impact on businesses and sex workers of the advertising, liquor, and health and safety provisions in the Act. This section is underpinned by the Committee's belief that the viability of businesses operating within the law is a key contributor to the overall health of the legislative framework. Section 4 presents the Committee's recommendations, and Section 5 presents the report's five appendices - these are the interim report from May 2005, the interview questions for welfare organisations, the interview questions for licensees, the survey questions for sex worker, and a short profile of each of the Committee members. Details: Melbourne: Consumer Affairs Victoria, 2007. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2015 at: https://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/resources-and-education/research Year: 2007 Country: Australia URL: https://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/resources-and-education/research Shelf Number: 137279 Keywords: BrothelsProstitutesProstitutionSex Workers |
Author: Maguire, Edward Title: Baseline Assessment for Project Lantern Summary: This report presents the findings from a study conducted in October 2006 to examine sexual trafficking in minors in Cebu, Philippines. The study was conducted by Crime and Justice Analysts, Inc. (CJA), an independent research and evaluation firm specializing in criminology and criminal justice. The International Justice Mission (IJM) retained CJA to support its work in reducing the number of sex trafficking victims by conducting a formal, scientific study collecting quantitative data that will help measure the impact of a new initiative, Project Lantern. The project is designed to reduce the incidence of sex trafficking in the target area by strengthening local capacity to successfully locate, arrest, and prosecute perpetrators, thereby leading to increased expectations of criminal sanctions for violating trafficking laws. The baseline study described here is the first of three waves of data collection designed to measure the availability of sex-trafficking victims in Cebu. Together, these three waves will be used by IJM and its contractors to evaluate the effectiveness of Project Lantern. IJM provided CJA with a list of eight indicators or proxies intended to measure the availability of child sex trafficking victims. CJA then deployed a team of 10 people (including eight investigators, one data collection expert, and one security expert) to the Philippines for training and data collection. The eight investigators each spent seven (and in some cases eight) nights visiting bars, brothels, massage parlors, malls, a red light district, and other locations where people seeking sex go to find prostituted or commercially exploited women and girls. The eight investigators posed as sex tourists and sought out prostituted or commercially exploited minors. They engaged in training on age estimation and used a number of age-confirmation processes to determine whether someone was in fact a minor. While conducting their covert observations, the investigators systematically collected data on a number of variables having to do with the people they were meeting and the places they were visiting. As they gathered the necessary data, they submitted it regularly to a centralized command center using cellular telephones (either by voice or by text). The data were entered into a series of databases by a data coordinator at the command center. Those databases, as well as the qualitative field notes written by the investigators at the end of their shifts, constitute the primary data sources for the findings presented in this report. During the course of the study, the investigators made 84 visits to bars, 12 visits to brothels, 19 visits to massage parlors, 16 visits (walk-throughs) to malls, and four visits to a busy red-light district. Out of the 94 bars, brothels, and massage parlors visited by the investigators (some were visited multiple times), commercially exploited minors were located in 35. Altogether, the investigators observed approximately 1,550 prostituted or commercially exploited women and girls. Of these, 103 (6.6%) were confirmed as minors. Across all attempts to locate minors, it took our investigative teams, on average, 113 minutes to locate a minor. The report presents a more detailed look at the study's findings. The results of the baseline study confirm the presence of prostituted or commercially exploited minors in Cebu. Although our investigators routinely encountered token resistance to their efforts to find minors, the fact that they were able to find them so quickly and so easily suggests that there are many to be found. The investigators were unable, despite their best efforts, to locate prostituted or commercially exploited preteens; most of the minors we discovered were 16 or 17 years old. Our findings also suggest that minors come to be employed in the sex trade through different routes, although all of them are considered "trafficking victims" under Philippine law. Some appear to seek the work out of economic necessity; several minors told us they forged their paperwork to get the job. Others fit the more conventional image of a sex trafficking victim in the sense that they were taken involuntarily from their homes, they are moved around to work in different cities depending on customer demand, and they show visible signs of maltreatment and poor living conditions. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the extent to which criminological interventions like Project Lantern have been subjected to independent, external evaluation to assess their effectiveness. The new emphasis on evaluation research is part of a larger movement in several disciplines toward "evidence-based" policymaking. We applaud IJM and the Gates Foundation for their willingness to evaluate the effectiveness of Project Lantern. The result will be an increased understanding of sexual trafficking in minors and hopefully an enhanced capacity to implement effective solutions. Details: Fairfax, VA: Crime and Justice Analysts, 2007. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 21, 2019 at: Rutgers Criminal Justice Library. Year: 2007 Country: Philippines URL: http://www.edmaguire.net/Reports Shelf Number: 155953 Keywords: BrothelsChild Sex TraffickingCommercially Exploited MinorsHuman TraffickingProstitutionRed Light DistrictSex TouristsSex Trafficking |
Author: Maguire, Edward Title: Wave 3 Assessment for Project Lantern Summary: This report presents the findings from a study conducted in May 2010 to examine sexual trafficking of minors in Cebu, Philippines. The study was conducted by Crime and Justice Analysts, Inc. (CJA), an independent research and evaluation firm specializing in crime and criminal justice issues. International Justice Mission (IJM) retained CJA to support its work in reducing the number of child sex trafficking victims by conducting a formal, scientific study collecting quantitative data to help measure the impact of its Project Lantern initiative. The project is designed to reduce the incidence of child sex trafficking in the target area by strengthening local capacity to successfully locate, arrest, and prosecute perpetrators, thereby leading to increased expectations of criminal sanctions for violating trafficking laws. The wave 3 study described in this report is the final of three waves of data collection designed to measure the availability of child sex-trafficking victims in Cebu. Wave 1 of this study was conducted in October of 2006 and wave 2 was conducted in August 2008. We also present findings here comparing data across the three waves of data collection. Together these three waves of data will be used by IJM and its contractors to evaluate the effectiveness of Project Lantern. IJM provided CJA with a list of eight indicators or proxies intended to measure the availability of child sex trafficking victims. During wave 3, CJA deployed a team of 11 people (including eight investigators, two data collection staff, and one security director) to the Philippines for training and data collection. The eight investigators each spent seven nights visiting bars, brothels, massage parlors, malls, red light districts, and other locations where people seeking sex go to find prostituted or commercially exploited women and girls. The eight investigators engaged in training on age estimation and used a number of age-confirmation processes to determine whether someone was in fact a minor. They then posed as sex tourists and sought out prostituted or commercially exploited minors. While conducting their covert observations, the investigators systematically collected data on a number of variables having to do with the people they were meeting and the places they were visiting. As they gathered the necessary data, they submitted it regularly to a centralized command center using cellular telephones (either by voice or text). The data were entered into a master database by two data coordinators at the command center. This database, the qualitative field notes written by the investigators at the end of their shifts, and photographs and audio/visual footage taken of suspected and confirmed minors, constitute the primary data sources for the findings presented in this report. During the course of the wave 3 study, the investigators undertook 114 visits to bars, 7 visits to brothels, 8 visits to massage parlors, 12 visits to malls, 13 street encounters, 8 pimp encounters, and 6 dates. Out of the 68 bars, 5 brothels, and 8 massage parlors visited by the investigators (some were visited multiple times), commercially exploited minors were located in 10. Altogether, the investigators observed approximately 1,369 prostituted or commercially exploited women and girls. Of these, 21 (1.5%) were confirmed as minors. Across all attempts to locate minors, it took our investigative teams, on average, 7 hours and 29 minutes to locate a minor. This report presents detailed findings from wave 3, while also providing an overview of findings from all waves of the study. Results from the wave 1 and 2 studies confirmed the presence of prostituted or commercially exploited minors in Cebu. Wave 3 also confirmed the presence of prostituted or commercially exploited minors in Cebu, though in reduced numbers: 21 (1.5%) in wave 3 compared to 29 (2.2%) in wave 2, and 103 (6.6%) in wave 1. Our investigators routinely encountered token resistance to their efforts to find minors in wave 1. It took longer for our investigators to locate minors during wave 2. During wave 3, investigators found locating minors to be even more difficult than in the two previous waves, suggesting that the prevalence of minors in the sex trade has decreased over time. As in waves 1 and 2, the investigators were unable, despite their best efforts, to locate prostituted or commercially exploited preteens. The majority of minors discovered across all three waves of this study were 16 or 17 years old. Based on our interviews with minors, we know that many enter the sex trade through different routes, although all of them are considered "trafficking victims" under Philippine law. Some appear to seek out the work out of economic necessity; several minors told us they forged their paperwork to get the job. Others fit the more conventional image of a sex trafficking victim in the sense that they were taken involuntarily from their homes, they are moved around to work in different cities depending on customer demand, and they show visible signs of maltreatment and poor living conditions. Over the past decade there has been an increase in the extent to which criminological interventions like Project Lantern have been subjected to independent, external evaluation to assess their effectiveness. The new emphasis on evaluation research is part of a larger movement in several disciplines toward "evidence-based" policymaking. We applaud IJM and the Gates Foundation for their willingness to evaluate the effectiveness of Project Lantern. This investment in quantitative research is sorely needed to shed light on human trafficking, a topic about which much has been written but little is known. Even relatively straightforward questions like whether prosecuting traffickers will reduce trafficking have still not been settled. For instance, one commentator noted "there is little evidence that prosecutions have any significant impact on aggregate levels of trafficking." The culmination of the Project Lantern evaluation will help improve knowledge about sexual trafficking in minors, and contribute to an enhanced capacity to implement effective solutions. Details: Fairfax, VA: Crime and Justice Analysts, 2010. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 21, 2019 at: Rutgers Criminal Justice Library. Year: 2010 Country: Philippines URL: http://www.edmaguire.net/Reports Shelf Number: 155954 Keywords: Brothels Child Sex Trafficking Commercially Exploited Minors Human TraffickingPhilippines Prostitution Red Light District Sex Tourists Sex Trafficking |