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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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Results for burglary
38 results foundAuthor: Cummings, RIck Title: Operation Burglary Countdown: Evaluation Study Final Report Summary: From the report: "The report describes the operation of Operation Burglary Countdown in the first two pilot locations, Bentley and Morely, over the time period of November 2003 to October 2004. The pilots are based on a partnership approach and specifically seeks to make use of the rational choice theory of Cornish and Clarke (1986)." Details: Burswood, Western Australia: Estill & Associates, 2005. 53p. Source: Internet Resource; Prepared for the Office of Crime Prevention Government of Western Australia Year: 2005 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 104849 Keywords: BurglaryCommunity Crime PreventionCrime Prevention |
Author: Gaines, Larry Title: Police Response to Burglar Alarms Study: San Bernardino County. Summary: From the report: "The purpose of this white paper is to examine the issues and problems associated with police departments' policies and responses to false burglar alarms, especially in San Bernardino County. False alarms have become a major issue for police departments in that they consume substantial resources without resulting in an equivalent impact on crime or public safety." Details: San Bernardino, CA: Center for Criminal Justice Research, Department of Criminal Justice, California State University, 2007. 22p. Source: Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116377 Keywords: BurglaryPolice Performance |
Author: Prenzler, Tim Title: Preventing Burglary in Commercial and Institutional Settings: A Place Management and Partnerships Approach Summary: This report examines how to assess, manage, and respond to burglaries that occur at commercial and industrial sites. It looks at the context in which burglaries occur, and includes a consideration of the burglar's approach. It also examines a range of solutions, which aim to make it more difficult for would be offenders particularly in the workplace, and shows where security managers can have an impact. Details: Alexandria, VA: ASIS Foundation, 2009. 31p. Source: Internet Resource; CRISP Report Year: 2009 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 118369 Keywords: BurglaryCommercial BurglaryCrime PreventionSecurity |
Author: British Retail Consortium Title: Retail Crime Survey 2009 Summary: This 2009 Retail Crime Survey (U.K.) was completed by 60 retailers, employing 1,154,019 staff and representing 49 per cent of total retail turnover. The Retail Crime Survey has identified an increase in total cost of retail crime of 10 per cent in 2008-09 (losses through theft and damage plus the cost of crime prevention measures). Retail crime cost UK retailers £1.1 billion in 2008-09, equivalent to 72,722 retail jobs. The incidence of some types of retail crime doubled during the course of the year. None decreased. This is a significant reversal of recent reductions in retail crime and for many types of retail crime takes levels back to those last experienced in 2004-05. The levels and mixture of police recorded crime are strikingly different to the distribution of retail crime experienced by retailers. Consequently retailers and the police have differing priorities for action. These differing perceptions need addressing if rising retail crime is to be addressed adequately. Retailers estimated the average level of shrinkage as 1.9 per cent, expressed as a proportion of sales, although the definition of shrinkage varied between companies. Details: London: British Retail Consortium, 2010. 39p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119417 Keywords: BurglaryEmployee TheftRetail CrimeRobberyShoplifting |
Author: Catalano, Shannan Title: Victimization During Household Burglary Summary: This report presents findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) on the characteristics of burglary, with comparisons between households where members were present and not present. It also examines the extent to which individuals in the residence are violently victimized when at home during these encounters. The NCVS classifies victimization as personal, rather than property crime, when a household member is present and experiences violence during a household burglary. This report classifies these violent burglaries differently so that they may be compared to traditionally classified burglaries. It also discusses crime characteristics such as household structure, location and type of residence, method of entry, time of day, type of violence, weapon use, injury, and reporting to police. Data on nonfatal violent victimization (rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault) are drawn from the NCVS. Data on homicides are drawn from the Supplementary Homicide Report of the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program. Highlights of the report include the following: An estimated 3.7 million burglaries occurred each year on average from 2003 to 2007; Offenders were known to their victims in 65% of violent burglaries; offenders were strangers in 28%; and Serious injury accounted for 9% and minor injury accounted for 36% of injuries sustained by household members who were home and experienced violence during a completed burglary. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report: Accessed October 5, 2010 at: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/vdhb.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/vdhb.pdf Shelf Number: 119860 Keywords: BurglaryVictimization SurveysVictims of CrimeViolent Crime |
Author: Johnson, Matthew Title: Property Victimization of College Students Summary: This report focuses on property victimization of college students. It is designed to examine the prevalence and frequency of property victimization; and explore the contexts in which it is most likely to occur. College students were selected because, according to previous studies, persons in their mid teens to mid 20s have a higher victimization rate than do other age groups. Non-violent property crimes including motor vehicle theft, theft of other items, burglary, and vandalism cost victims billions of dollars every year. Most of those property crime victimizations involve economic loss, most of which is never recovered. There has been little research on this kind of victimization among college students. Nevertheless, evidence shows that males and younger students are at greatest risk for experiencing some forms of property victimization, particularly theft. Data was collected from on an online survey of college students from seven public universities spread across the state of Texas. The overall racial/ethnic composition of the sample was comparable to the overall composition of all college students in the state. Details: Huntsville, TX: Crime Victims' Institute, Criminal Justice Center, Sam Houston State University, 2009. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 6, 2010 at: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/CSVictimizationPropertyCrimeReportFinalfromPress.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/CSVictimizationPropertyCrimeReportFinalfromPress.pdf Shelf Number: 119866 Keywords: BurglaryColleges and UniversitiesProperty CrimeSchool CrimeStudents, Crimes AgainstVandalismVehicle TheftVictimizationVictims of Crime |
Author: Weatherburn, Don Title: Rates of Participation in Burglary and Motor Vehicle Theft: Estimates and Implications for Policy Summary: This bulletin uses techniques developed in population biology to estimate the number of offenders actively involved in burglary and motor vehicle theft in NSW during the period 2006-2007, as well as the percentage of offenders apprehended and convicted. We estimate the participation rates in burglary and motor vehicle theft to have been approximately 32,000 (burglary) and 23,000 (motor vehicle theft). The overall detection and conviction rates amongst these groups of offenders were found to be much higher than is conventionally assumed (16.6 per cent for burglary and 13.5 for motor vehicle theft). The analysis provides evidence that there are two distinct groups of offenders – one offending at a very high rate and the other at a much lower rate. The majority of frequent offenders are caught and convicted but most infrequent offenders escape conviction. The bulletin concludes by arguing that control of burglary and motor vehicle theft requires a combination of law enforcement targeted at high rate offenders and prevention strategies designed to remove the opportunities and incentives for involvement in crime. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2009. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Crime and Justice Bulletin, No. 130: Accessed October 9, 2010 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB130.pdf/$file/CJB130.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB130.pdf/$file/CJB130.pdf Shelf Number: 119896 Keywords: Automobile TheftBurglaryMotor Vehicle Theft |
Author: Cahill, Meagan Title: Burglary in the District of Columbia: Patterns and Trends, 2000-2009 Summary: This brief describes the steady decline in burglary in Washington, D.C., to levels below the national average. Washington, D.C.’s burglary rates were more volatile than the nationwide pattern, declining in the mid-1990s and stabilizing in the mid-2000s. Analyses by police district found that while most mirrored the citywide pattern of a decline across the period, burglaries in 7D increased significantly. Hot spots maps reveal the dissipation of one anomalous hotspot in the Second Police District as well as the increasing burglary rates in the Seventh Police District, highlighting the need for micro-level responses to local crime trends. Details: Washington, DC: District of Columbia Crime Policy Institute, 2010. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Brief, No. 5: Accessed October 18, 2010 at: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/1001458-Burglary-DC.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/1001458-Burglary-DC.pdf Shelf Number: 120000 Keywords: BurglaryCrime StatisticsHot Spots |
Author: Stewart, Felicity Title: Aggravated Burglary: Current Sentencing Summary: The offence of burglary involves entering a premises as a trespasser with the intention to steal anything in the premises or to commit an offence involving assault or property damage. The offence has a maximum penalty of 10 years’ imprisonment. To be guilty of the offence, it is sufficient to enter the premises with the relevant intention. The offence is committed even if, once inside the premises, the person does not actually carry out the additional intended offence involving theft, assault or property damage. Aggravated burglary occurs if, at the time of the burglary, the offender either carried a weapon or knew that a person was in the premises (or was reckless as to the presence of a person in the premises). The aggravated form of the offence has a much higher maximum penalty of 25 years – the second highest level of maximum penalty available in Victoria after life imprisonment. Both burglary and aggravated burglary are preparatory offences, because they involve an act (entering property) with the intention to commit a further offence. If, once the person has entered the premises, he or she actually commits the intended offence involving theft, assault or property damage, he or she would be charged and sentenced separately for both the offence of burglary and that further offence. Although aggravated burglary is a preparatory offence, in terms of the maximum penalty, it is ranked among the most serious offences in Victoria. Yet procedurally aggravated burglary is ranked with much less serious offences, as it is triable summarily in the Magistrates’ Court. Approximately 40% of aggravated burglary cases are sentenced in that court. The longest term of imprisonment that can be imposed by that court for any single charge is two years’ imprisonment. When sentencing a person for an offence, one of the factors that Victorian courts are required to consider is current sentencing practices for that offence. This is particularly difficult to do for aggravated burglary. The preparatory nature of the offence is one reason for this, because the gravity of a particular aggravated burglary will be affected by the nature of the offence that the person entering the premises intended to commit once inside. For example, did they break into the premises intending to steal cash while being aware that someone may have been asleep upstairs? Or did they break in knowing that a woman was alone at home and intending to rape her? The prevalence of aggravated burglary, combined with the unusually wide range of sentences imposed and the difficulty of identifying current sentencing practices for it, prompted the Sentencing Advisory Council to undertake a detailed study of sentencing practices for this offence. The study relies on details set out in written remarks made by judges when delivering their sentences. Because such comments are only available in the higher courts, this study does not include sentences imposed in the Magistrates’ Court other than the broad statistical sentencing patterns. The study is also limited to the variables that could be extracted consistently and reliably from the sentencing remarks. The study examines sentences imposed in 2008–09. The sentences imposed for these charges ranged from adjourned undertakings and fines to imprisonment for seven years. An immediate custodial sentence was the most frequently imposed sentence (55.2%). The median imprisonment term was two years. A wholly suspended sentence was the second most common sentence type (28.2% of charges) and the median term was two years. Details: Melbourne: Sentencing Advisory Council (Victoria), 2011. 112p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 27, 2011 at: http://www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/sites/sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/files/aggravated_burglary_current_sentencing_practices_0.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/sites/sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/files/aggravated_burglary_current_sentencing_practices_0.pdf Shelf Number: 122176 Keywords: BurglaryPunishmentRobberySentencing (Australia) |
Author: Nunley, John M. Title: The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions on Property Crime Summary: This paper examines the impact of inflation, (un)employment, and stock market growth on the rates of larceny, burglary, motor vehicle theft, and robbery. The study uses U.S. data for the time period 1948 to 2009. We employ an unobserved component approach to circumvent the problems associated with omitted variables. We find that the three macroeconomic variables have a statistically significant impact for most of the property crime rates. However, taken together the macroeconomic variables explain no more than 15 percent of the surge in property crimes from the 1960 to the 1980s and their subsequent fall during the 1990s. Among the macroeconomic variables, almost all of the explanatory power is provided by changes in the inflation rate. Details: Auburn, AL: Auburn University, 2011. 35p. Department of Economics Source: Internet Resource: Auburn University Department of Economics Working Paper Series: Accessed October 22, 2011 at: http://cla.auburn.edu/econwp/Archives/2011/2011-06.pdf Year: 0 Country: United States URL: http://cla.auburn.edu/econwp/Archives/2011/2011-06.pdf Shelf Number: 123092 Keywords: BurglaryEconomics and CrimeLarcenyMotor Vehicle TheftProperty CrimeRobberyUnemployment and Crime123092 |
Author: Chiaradia, Alain Title: Spatial Economics of Crime: Spatial Design Factors and the Total Social Cost of Crime Against Individuals and Property in London Summary: Combining two original pieces of research, the first on the spatial attributes of two types of crime and the second on the total social cost of the same crime, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the total socio-economic cost of spatial attributes related to robbery and burglary. Only recently have studies started to focus on particular types of crime, and extract their built environment characteristics. Most of these studies focus on burglary and robbery as it is the type of crime with the best record of location. Re-using the extensive amount of data from a case study area in London which demonstrates the link between street robbery and property burglary occurrences and spatial design factors, this paper sets out to evaluate burglary and robbery risk as a cost in spatial planning and design. Details: London: Space Syntax Limited, 2009. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 28, 2011 at: http://www.sss7.org/Proceedings/08%20Spatial%20Configuration%20and%20Social%20Structures/017_Chiaradia_Hillier_Schwander.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sss7.org/Proceedings/08%20Spatial%20Configuration%20and%20Social%20Structures/017_Chiaradia_Hillier_Schwander.pdf Shelf Number: 123167 Keywords: BurglaryEnvironmental CriminologyNeighborhoods and CrimeSocio-Economic Conditions and CrimeSpatial DesignStreet Robbery (London)Urban Design |
Author: Hardy, Jeff Title: Understanding Crime in Urban and Rural Areas Summary: The Rural and Urban Area Classification 2004 provides a method of identifying issues specific to rural areas. The classification defines each census output area as urban, town and fringe, village or hamlet and isolated dwelling. Using this classification in conjunction with recorded crime data, arson data, the Leicester Shire Business Survey and Leicestershire County Council’s Citizens’ Panel enables a comparison of crime issues between the urban and rural areas of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. Between 2002/03 and 2004/05 the total number of offences recorded by the police in Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland had decreased. The largest percentage decrease was in the hamlet and isolated dwelling areas. The only increase in recorded offences was within the urban areas of Leicestershire County. The recorded offence rate per 1,000 resident population shows the likelihood of being a victim of crime in the most rural areas of Leicestershire and Rutland to be virtually the same as in the urban areas of the county (excluding Leicester City). Three-quarters of the population of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland live in urban areas, concentrated in a relatively small geographical area. More than three-quarters of offences recorded by Leicestershire Constabulary occur within these urban areas of the city and county. The report highlights that even though the volume of recorded offences is much higher in urban areas there are some clear differences in the crime issues that affect the urban and rural areas of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. Violence against the person is a growing problem across Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland, being a bigger problem in urban areas compared to rural areas. The larger percentage increases in reported violence against the person offences suggest it is a growing problem outside the city urban areas. Vehicle crime is a relatively bigger problem for rural areas, with theft from motor vehicles accounting for double the proportion of offences in hamlet and isolated dwellings compared to city and county urban areas. Vehicle crime had the largest percentage decrease of all offence types across all of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland during the three year period. Rural areas had the largest percentage decrease in theft from motor vehicle offences over the three year period. Damage offences are a bigger problem in both county and city urban areas and town and fringe areas compared to more rural areas. There has been a considerable decrease in the number of reported damage offences in city urban areas in the last three years. In comparison, there is an upward trend in the recording of damage offences outside the city urban areas. Burglary other than dwelling offences have decreased across Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland during the last three years. Burglary other than dwelling is a relatively bigger problem for rural areas, though the largest percentage decreases are outside the city urban areas. Theft offences account for the highest proportion of offences within villages, hamlets and isolated dwellings. Rural businesses are less likely to have been a victim of crime in the last 12 months compared to businesses located in city or county urban areas. The perceived likelihood of being a victim of violence against the person or burglary is a lot higher than the actual risk. The perceived risk of burglary in county urban areas is thirty times higher than the actual risk. The disparity between the perceived likelihood of being a victim of violence is greater in urban and town and fringe areas compared to villages, hamlets and isolated dwellings. Details: Leicester, UK: Leicester County Council, 2005. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 21, 2012 at http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/your_council/council_services_contacts/about_leicestershire/statistics/rural_crime_report.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/your_council/council_services_contacts/about_leicestershire/statistics/rural_crime_report.pdf Shelf Number: 124225 Keywords: BurglaryCrime StatisticsRural CrimeUrban CrimeVictimizationViolent Crime |
Author: Nottingham City Homes Title: The ‘Secure Warm Modern’ Programme in Nottingham: Decent Homes Impact Study: Crime Report Summary: The Broxtowe and Bells Lane estates were some of the first areas to have all their single glazed windows replaced with double glazed 'secured by design' windows in 2008/09. This was done as part of the Secure, Warm, Modern programme. The first part of the Decent Homes Impact Study has been to look at how this has affected the level of burglary on these estates, and found: • Burglaries have reduced by 41% since the Secure work was completed, compared to a 21% reduction across the city as a whole • There are now 62 fewer burglaries per year to NCH properties, compared to 33 fewer burglaries to non-NCH properties within the estates • There is less burglary via a window to NCH properties where the new windows have been fitted. The level of burglaries that occur by forcing a window has halved since the windows were fitted • Residents report that they feel safer in their homes since the windows were replaced. They also find that their home is warmer, has less condensation and is quieter • Residents and officers working in the area have noticed a difference on the estates- it looks cleaner, better and makes the area feel like it is valued. Details: Nottingham, UK: Nottingham City Homes, 2010. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: http://www.nottinghamcityhomes.org.uk/documents/modern_warm_secure/impact_studies/ntu_crime_report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nottinghamcityhomes.org.uk/documents/modern_warm_secure/impact_studies/ntu_crime_report.pdf Shelf Number: 125976 Keywords: BurglaryDesign Against CrimeHousing and CrimeSituational Crime Prevention (U.K.) |
Author: Teedon, Paul Title: Secured By Design Impact Evaluation: Key Findings Summary: The Caledonian Environment Centre was commissioned by Glasgow Housing Association, Strathclyde Police and the Association of Chief Police Officers Crime Prevention Initiatives to carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis of the impact of Secured By Design (SBD) door and window installation within GHA housing stock. The evaluation was also supported by the Scottish Government. The primary aim of this commission was to investigate the impact of SBD installations on the level of crime, primarily housebreaking, in areas where the installations have been implemented; and to explore tenant and LHO perspectives on potential related effects, such as satisfaction with the installations and perceptions of safety within the home and surrounding area. Details: Glasgow: Caledonian Environment Centre, School of the Built and Natural Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2009. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: http://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/pdfs/SBD-Evaluation-Key-Findings-2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/pdfs/SBD-Evaluation-Key-Findings-2009.pdf Shelf Number: 125977 Keywords: BurglaryDesign Against Crime (U.K.)Housing and CrimeSituational Crime Prevention |
Author: Gwynn, Mike Title: Theft of Construction Plant & Equipment Summary: This paper examines the problem of construction plant and equipment theft as it affects various insurance markets in the world and the actions which can be taken by those plant operators who wish to reduce their exposure to theft. Details: International Association of Engineering Insurers, 2005. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2012 at: http://www.imia.com/downloads/imia_papers/wgp43_2005.pdf Year: 2005 Country: International URL: http://www.imia.com/downloads/imia_papers/wgp43_2005.pdf Shelf Number: 126731 Keywords: BurglaryConstruction Equipement TheftCrime PreventionCrimes Against BusinessesProperty CrimesTheft Offenses |
Author: Sturmey, Tony Title: Plant Theft in the UK & the Industry Response Summary: Construction Equipment (usually referred to as Plant) is commonly found at building sites and roadworks. The term “Plant” covers a variety of equipment from handheld portable tools to large earthmoving equipment and mobile cranes. There are many types of plant covering a wide variety of uses including such items as generators, excavators, and access platforms. As technology progresses, Plant has become more compact. A side effect of this is that Plant has become easier to steal. Like anything which has value and for which there is a ready market, machinery and equipment is highly susceptible to theft. For Plant, the risk is greater, as most items can be either carried away or, in the case of a large proportion of mobile plant, started with the use of a single common key. The precise extent of the problem in financial terms is open for dispute, but it is accepted the problem is commonplace in the UK costing in the region of £1.5 million every week, with mini-diggers alone producing annual estimated losses of around £20.0 million. The principal victims of Plant theft are the contractors, the Insurers, banks and financial institutions. Uninsured losses to the Plant owner are estimated to be twice the value of the item stolen and reflect the cost of delays and administrative expenses that arise following the theft. Once stolen, equipment is rarely recovered. Until recently, the recovery rates for Plant were in the region of 5%. This compares to 70% for other vehicles such as cars. There are numerous causes for this wide discrepancy, not least of which is the lack of any uniform and centralised data registration system for recording Plant identification. In fact, even when it is recovered, items of Plant often remains unidentified by Insurers who lack specific details of what was insured and Owners who, having received monies from their Insurers, have already replaced the stolen items. In the UK Insurance market it is common practise to write policies on a “blanket” or unspecified basis. As a result Insurers often do not have the specific details of the Plant they are covering, no idea if the declared New Replacement Value is accurate and very little idea how it’s being protected against Theft. Only in situations when the Plant is hired out do Insurers retain, at least some possibility of recouping their losses under Hire Conditions that may make the Hirer responsible for loss or damage. In an effort to combat theft, the “Plant Theft Action Group” (PTAG) was formed in 1996 as a Home office advisory body under the auspices of the Vehicle Crime Reduction Team (VCRAT). The Home Office produced the first version of its Security Guidance Document in 2002. Despite the efforts of this and other industry groups, until recently little progress had been made, as Insurers, manufacturers and users failed to find a common basis to move forward. The picture that emerges is that overall Plant is poorly protected, with mini-excavators and trailer/towed Plant being particularly vulnerable. Details: International Association of Engineering Insurers, 2010. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 2, 2012 at http://www.imia.com/downloads/external_papers/EP44_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.imia.com/downloads/external_papers/EP44_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 127100 Keywords: BurglaryConstruction Equipment TheftCosts of CrimeProperty CrimesTheft Offenses |
Author: Beckley, Amber L. Title: The Effect of Hurricanes on Burglary in North Carolina Counties, 1999-2003 Summary: Hurricanes and tropical storms cause much harm and extensive damage. Their effect on crime is interesting as their precise timing is unpredictable. Yet, there is a limited body of research on this effect. This thesis examines the effect of hurricanes on burglary in North Carolina counties for a five year period between January 1999 and December 2003. It considers both routine activity theory and social disorganization theory to explain how crime may change after a disaster. The results indicate that some social disorganization components interact with a hurricane to produce an effect on burglary. The routine activity proxies used were not significant, but this could have been the result of numerous limitations. Future directions for research include improving and expanding data sources and incorporating alternate theories. Details: College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park, 2008. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 10, 2012 at: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/8537 Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/8537 Shelf Number: 127195 Keywords: BurglaryDisastersHurricanes (U.S.)Routine Activity TheorySocial Disorganization Theory |
Author: Pease, Ken Title: Home Security and Place Design: Some Evidence and Its Policy Implications Summary: In August 2011 the National Housing Federation stated that ‘rises in private rental sector costs, increased social housing waiting lists, price booms and a 'chronic under-supply' of new homes that has seen 105,000 built in England in 2011, threaten to plunge the market into an 'unprecedented crisis', Housing Minister Grant Shapps promised ‘… despite the need to tackle the deficit we inherited, this government is putting £4.5 billion towards an affordable homes programme which is set to exceed our original expectations and deliver up to 170,000 new homes over the next four years. 'The Government aims to reduce the regulatory burden and where possible the cost of development for house builders. This commitment takes a number of forms, including a ‘one in one out policy’ where any increase in regulation in one area must be matched by a decrease in another, with an explicit approach of ‘regulation as a last resort’. In 2013 additional regulatory burdens are to fall on house builders. These will have to be offset somehow. The Home Office has already signalled its unwillingness to offer offsetting deregulation. Complementing the aspiration to reduce nationally imposed regulation is the localism agenda. The core policy aspiration to create a ‘Big Society’ focuses attention on the generation of local structures and associations. Policy almost always involves a trade-off between, on the one hand, personal and organisational freedom and on the other, longer-term social objectives; between the freedom of mothers to dispense bags of chips through school railings at lunchtime and the long-term health costs of the obesity epidemic; between freedom from security checks and possible terrorist action. The trade-off between freedom in place design and consequent crime represents such a dilemma. Security has a cost at the point of build or refurbishment. Such benefits as it may confer come later. The means by which such benefits may best be conferred require discussion. This report attempts to discuss the benefits (direct and indirect) against the costs, and (given that security is concluded to have benefits), to decide how these benefits may be realised. Details: Leicester, UK: Perpetuity Research & Consultancy International (PRCI) Ltd, 2011. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2013 at: http://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/pdfs/Home-Security-and-Place-Design.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/pdfs/Home-Security-and-Place-Design.pdf Shelf Number: 127917 Keywords: BurglaryCrime PreventionCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTDesign Against CrimeHome Security (U.K.) |
Author: Bileski, Matt Title: Arizona Property Crime Trends, CY2002-2011 Data Brief Summary: The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is a valuable tool for analyzing the frequency and rate of crime in Arizona and across the country. According to the FBI, the U.S. property crime rate, as measured by three property index offenses (burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft), has decreased from calendar years (CY) 2002 through 2011. This data brief looks more closely at the trends over time in Arizona for the three property index offenses. Although arson is often included in national data, arson offense rates are not available for Arizona. Instead, data on the U.S. arson offense rate and arrests for arson in Arizona are provided. The data used in this brief were submitted to the FBI’s UCR program by local police agencies across Arizona and the nation and was published by the FBI in their UCR program report titled Crime in the United States. Details: Phoenix: Statistical Analysis Center, Arizona Criminal Justice Commission, 2013. 2p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 26, 2013 at: http://acjc.state.az.us/ACJC.Web/Pubs/Home/Arizona%20Property%20Crime%20Trends%20CY2002-2011.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://acjc.state.az.us/ACJC.Web/Pubs/Home/Arizona%20Property%20Crime%20Trends%20CY2002-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 128136 Keywords: ArsonBurglaryCrime Statistics (Arizona, U.S.)Larceny-TheftMotor Vehicle TheftProperty Crimes |
Author: Weatherburn, Don Title: The Decline in Robbery and Theft: Inter-state Comparisons Summary: Aim: To describe and discuss inter-jurisdictional trends in police-recorded robbery and theft offences. Method: Rates of recorded robbery and theft per head of population are calculated for each Australian jurisdiction from 1994/1995 to 2012. Rates of recorded robbery are disaggregated into armed and unarmed robbery. Rates of recorded theft are disaggregated into burglary, motor vehicle theft and other theft. Results: In most jurisdictions, trends in recorded robbery and theft offences rose during the late 1990s, peaked around 2001 and then fell from 2001 to 2012. Between 2001 and 2009, recorded rates of robbery offences in Australia fell by 49.1 per cent, recorded rates of burglary fell by 57.3 per cent, recorded rates of motor vehicle theft fell by 62.2 per cent and recorded rates of other theft fell by 39.3 per cent. Conclusion: The national decline in robbery and theft offences is partly due to a reduction in heroin use and partly due to improvements in the economy but other factors are likely to have also played a role. Research into the causes of the fall in crime is hampered by the absence of any regional breakdown in national recorded crime statistics. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2013. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue paper no. 89; Accessed August 19, 2013 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB89.pdf/$file/BB89.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB89.pdf/$file/BB89.pdf Shelf Number: 129631 Keywords: BurglaryCrime DropCrime StatisticsDrugs and CrimeHeroinMotor Vehicle TheftRobbery (Australia) |
Author: National Insurance Crime Bureau Title: 2012 Equipment Theft Report Summary: his report, co-produced with the National Equipment Register (NER), examines heavy equipment theft data submitted by law enforcement to the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and profiles that data according to theft state, theft city, theft month, equipment manufacturer, equipment style (type) and year of manufacture. The report also examines heavy equipment recoveries in 2012 based on those same criteria. NER is a division of Verisk Crime Analytics, a Verisk Analytics (Nasdaq:VRSK) company. In 2012, a total of 10,925 heavy equipment thefts were reported to law enforcement-a decrease of 7 percent from the 11,705 reported in 2011. When compared with the 13,511 reported thefts in 2008, there has been an overall 19 percent reduction in heavy equipment thefts. Texas ranked number one in 2012 with 1,401 reported thefts. In second place was North Carolina with 1,037 thefts followed by Florida in third with 890 thefts. In fourth place was California with 686 thefts, and tied for fifth-Georgia and South Carolina with 595 each. The top five cities with the most thefts were Houston (163); Miami (107); Conroe, Texas (83); Oklahoma City, Okla. (79) and Fresno, Calif. (64). The three most stolen heavy equipment items in 2012 were: Mowers (riding or garden tractor: 5,363); Loaders (skid steer, wheeled: 1,943); and, Tractors (wheeled or tracked: 1,459). Heavy equipment manufactured by John Deere was the number one theft target in 2012 followed in order by Kubota Tractor Corp., Bobcat, Caterpillar and Toro. As for recoveries, only 20 percent of heavy equipment stolen in 2012 was found, making it a costly crime for insurance companies, equipment owners and rental agencies. NICB urges equipment owners to incorporate theft prevention strategies into their business practices and recommends the following theft prevention tips:Install hidden fuel shut-off systems; Remove fuses and circuit breakers when equipment is unattended; Render equipment immobile or difficult to move after hours or on weekends by clustering it in a "wagon circle," Place more easily transported items, such as generators and compressors, in the middle of the circle surrounded by larger pieces of equipment; Maintain a photo archive and a specific list of the PIN and component part serial numbers of each piece of heavy equipment in a central location. Stamp or engrave equipment parts with identifying marks, numbers or corporate logos; Use hydro locks to fix articulated equipment in a curved position, preventing it from traveling in a straight line; Use sleeve locks to fix backhoe pads in an extended position, keeping wheels off the ground. Details: Des Plaines, IL: National Insurance Crime Bureau, 2012. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 17, 2013 at Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: https://www.nicb.org/File%20Library/Public%20Affairs/2012-NICB-HEreport.pdf Shelf Number: 131784 Keywords: BurglaryConstruction Equipment TheftCosts of CrimeEquipment TheftProperty CrimesTheft Offenses |
Author: Baker, David Title: Feeling Safe Again: recovering from property crime Summary: Property crime in Australia declined by more than half between 2001 and 2011 - affecting 2.9 per cent of households in 2012, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Although the proportion of victims has been falling steadily, recovery from these incidents remains an important policy issue for those unfortunate Australians who fall prey to this sort of crime. The shock that property crime can cause is underestimated by most people - burglary victims, in particular, may experience a psychological trauma in addition to the loss of the property itself. Until the mid-1980s it had long been accepted that victims of burglary recovered within two or three months following the crime. The consensus was that effects 'wore off' within a few weeks or months. More recent studies, however, have found that recovery can take much longer. The current consensus is that the effects are both 'pervasive and persistent'. Being the victim of a property crime has a bigger effect on a person's reported feelings of safety than demographic differences. Neither sex nor age had any notable influence on average reported safety scores. Interestingly, respondents who have not been victims but who perceive that theft and burglary are common in their local neighbourhood experience a similar level of insecurity to that reported by actual victims. Analysis of safety scores shows that being a victim of a property crime has an effect on people's feeling of safety over the successive two years. The prolonged recovery experienced by victims suggests that more could be done to support recovery and presents an opportunity for expanding support services. This paper has found that, after two years, victims of property crime still do not feel as safe as they did before the break-in or theft. Support services need to reflect this new understanding of recovery duration with, for example, long-term contact with victims. Even if initial services have been provided, a subsequent follow up may potentially improve recovery rates. Details: Canberra: Australia Institute, 2014. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Brief No. 66: Accessed September 11, 2014 at: http://www.tai.org.au/content/feeling-safe-again Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.tai.org.au/content/feeling-safe-again Shelf Number: 133274 Keywords: BurglaryFear of CrimeProperty Crimes (Australia)Victim ServicesVictims of Crime |
Author: Gately, Natalie Title: The 'oldest tricks in the book' don't work! Reports of burglary by DUMA detainees in Western Australia Summary: Research investigating the methods and motivations of burglars has typically focused on incarcerated offenders. The Australian Institute of Criminology's Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program provided an opportunity for the authors to explore the methods and motivations of those actively involved in committing burglaries, whether or not they had actually been caught or detained for that offence. The findings support Routine Activity Theory, indicating that offenders consider a number of factors in determining whether a property will be targeted for a break and enter offence. As might be expected, opportunistic burglars choose easy to access properties, stay a minimum length of time and take goods that can be disposed of easily. It was concluded that simple prevention strategies could minimise the risk of becoming a victim of opportunistic burglary, which also has implications for law enforcement, the security industry and insurance agencies. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 489: Accessed October 16, 2014 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi489.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi489.pdf Shelf Number: 133962 Keywords: Burglars (Australia)BurglaryCrime PreventionOffender Decision-MakingProperty CrimesRoutine Activity Theory |
Author: Comeau, Michelle Title: Repeat and Near-Repeat Burglary Victimization in Rochester, NY. Literature Review: Burglary: The Criminal Act Summary: In New York State a burglary has occurred when an offender, "...knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a building with the intent to commit a crime therein1." While not a requirement of it, one common feature of burglary is theft. This paper represents the second in a series of papers focusing on repeat and near-repeat burglary victimization in Rochester, NY. The first paper (see: "Motivations to Commit Burglary and Target Selection") introduced general statistics on burglary rate and prevalence, as well as discussed offender motivation and target selection. In this present paper we turn attention to the commission of the burglary (entry, search pattern, and exit) as well as what types of items are stolen by offenders and what methods of disposal are utilized. This paper is not intended as a comprehensive review; instead, it provides a primer on this topic. Details: Rochester, NY: Center for Public Safety Initiatives Rochester Institute of Technology, 2014. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2014 at: https://www.rit.edu/cla/criminaljustice/sites/rit.edu.cla.criminaljustice/files/docs/WorkingPapers/2014/Michelle%20RPD-LitReviewPaper2%20.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.rit.edu/cla/criminaljustice/sites/rit.edu.cla.criminaljustice/files/docs/WorkingPapers/2014/Michelle%20RPD-LitReviewPaper2%20.pdf Shelf Number: 134057 Keywords: BurglaryProperty CrimeRepeat VictimizationTarget Selection |
Author: Kuhns, Joseph B. Title: An Assessment of the Calculation Process and Validity of False Alarm Estimates Summary: False Security Alarms -- In the past, false alarm activations and dispatches have been consistently reported at over ninety percent. Alarm ownership rates are also increasing. Therefore, although there is a national downward trend for false alarm calls, law enforcement agencies in some jurisdictions (e.g., areas with no alarm ordinance) are responding to increased numbers of false alarm activations. In these types of jurisdictions, false alarms may account for a considerable proportion of calls for service. -- Academic research specifically addressing the issue of false alarms is scarce. -- Considerable variability exists in how false alarms and false dispatches are defined and calculated. -False alarms are often described as residential or commercial security alarm activations that lead to a law enforcement response, but where no evidence of criminal activity is found. However, there are inconsistencies within this definitional framework. - Of greater concern with the broadly used term false alarm - is the lack of clarification between false alarm activations - and false dispatches. -- A false alarm is broadly defined as an unsubstantiated alarm activation. -- A false dispatch involves the unwarranted request for law enforcement response. False dispatches should be a greater concern for local jurisdictions given the consumption of scarce resources and the opportunity costs associated with responding. - Calls for service that are determined to be unknown in origin are generally declared as false by law enforcement, but the alarm industry may consider these valid based on the assumption that an intrusion was likely prevented. Both positions have merit. Details: Irving, TX: Alarm Industry Research and Educational Foundation, 2010. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 25, 2014 at: http://airef.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Assessment_of_the_Calculation_Process_and_Validity_of_False_Alarm_Estimates_-_Final_Report-05_12_10-2.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://airef.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Assessment_of_the_Calculation_Process_and_Validity_of_False_Alarm_Estimates_-_Final_Report-05_12_10-2.pdf Shelf Number: 134241 Keywords: BurglaryCalls for ServiceFalse Alarms (U.S.)Security Systems |
Author: Lammy, David Title: Taking Its Toll: the regressive impact of property crime in Britain Summary: The police and the courts are turning a blind eye to theft, burglary and shoplifting which makes up three quarters of all recorded crime committed in England and Wales, according to the Rt Hon David Lammy MP, one of the Labour party's leading Mayoral candidates. The report highlights how large swathes of property crime goes unreported, especially among independent shopkeepers, with people having little faith in the ability of the police to bring the perpetrators to justice. A poll of 400 members of the National Federation of Retail Newsagents carried out as part of the research discovered that over half of all respondents had been the victim of two or more shoplifting incidents in the preceding three months yet over a third (35%) doubted the police's ability to successfully prosecute shoplifters. Less than 1 in 10 incidents of shoplifting is reported to the police. Other figures in the report emphasise the problem: - Only two thirds of burglaries are reported to the police - Half of burglary victims never hear back from the police after reporting a crime - 19,000 incidents of bicycle theft were reported to the Metropolitan Police in 2013-14 yet only 666 (3.5%) of these thefts were solved The paper also argues that shoplifting from smaller retailers such as newsagents has virtually been decriminalised in the eyes of the law. The Anti Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, set the threshold for a 'serious' shoplifting offence at good valued $200 or higher. Yet the median value of a shoplifting incident from a convenience store is around $40. The paper also highlights how the courts are failing to tackle the problem of repeat offending: - Half of all offenders sentenced for theft offences in the year to June 2014 had 15 or more previous convictions or cautions. This represents 62,000 offenders in one year alone - 45 per cent of offenders cautioned for theft offences had already received a caution or conviction for a previous offence - Half of all fines imposed by courts go unpaid - The only recourse a magistrate has to address non-payment of fines is six months imprisonment The report makes a series of recommendations to address property crime including: 1.Restoring ward-level neighbourhood policing teams consisting of a sergeant, two constables and three Police Community Support Officers and ensure they focus their efforts on preventing and solving local property crime. 2.Giving magistrates flexibility to enforce unpaid court fines through means other than six months imprisonment 3.Implementing a penalties escalator for repeated theft. Courts should be able to break the caution-fine-reoffending cycle by increasing the sentence for reoffending. 4.Making it compulsory for new police recruits to walk the same beat for at least a year - and preferably two years - after they complete training. 5.Introducing New York Compstat-style data sharing between police forces to pinpoint crime trends and hotspots 6.Establishing a Crime Prevention Academy to improve crime prevention expertise within police forces Details: London: Policy Exchange, 2015. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2015 at: http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/images/publications/taking%20its%20toll.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/images/publications/taking%20its%20toll.pdf Shelf Number: 134947 Keywords: Bicycle TheftBurglaryNeighborhood PolicingPolicingProperty Crimes (U.K.)Repeat OffendersShopliftingStealingTheft |
Author: Porter, Michael D. Title: A Statistical Approach to Crime Linkage Summary: The object of this paper is to develop a statistical approach to criminal linkage analysis that discovers and groups crime events that share a common offender and prioritizes suspects for further investigation. Bayes factors are used to describe the strength of evidence that two crimes are linked. Using concepts from agglomerative hierarchical clustering, the Bayes factors for crime pairs are combined to provide similarity measures for comparing two crime series. This facilitates crime series clustering, crime series identification, and suspect prioritization. The ability of our models to make correct linkages and predictions is demonstrated under a variety of real-world scenarios with a large number of solved and unsolved breaking and entering crimes. For example, a naive Bayes model for pairwise case linkage can identify 82% of actual linkages with a 5% false positive rate. For crime series identification, 77%-89% of the additional crimes in a crime series can be identified from a ranked list of 50 incidents. Details: Tuscaloosa, AL: Department of Information System, Statistics, and Management Science at the University of Alabama, 2014. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed August 5, 2015 at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266748053_A_Statistical_Approach_to_Crime_Linkage Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266748053_A_Statistical_Approach_to_Crime_Linkage Shelf Number: 136325 Keywords: BurglaryPredictive Policing Repeat Offenders |
Author: Heinonen, Justin A. Title: Home Invasion Robbery Summary: This guide begins by describing the problem of home invasion robbery and reviewing factors that increase its risks. It then identifies a series of questions to help you analyze your local home invasion robbery problem. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem and what is known about these from evaluative research and police practice. In general, home invasion robberies have the following five features: - Offender entry is forced and/or unauthorized (except in some drug-related robberies) - Offenders seek confrontation (i.e., the intent is to rob) - Confrontation occurs inside dwellings - Offenders use violence and/or the threat of violence - Offenders demand and take money and/or property There are several common motives for home invasion robberies. The most obvious is to steal valuable items, such as cash, drugs, or property, which can be sold for cash. Another is retaliation, such as against a rival drug dealer, gang member, or domestic partner; robbery is part of the retaliation. Another is sexual assault in which robbery is committed incidentally. In some communities, home invasion robberies are principally drug rip-offs in which the target is cash or drugs, or both, and both offenders and victims are involved in the illegal drug trade. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services, 2012. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Problem-Specific Guides Series; Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, no. 70: Accessed July 22, 2016 at: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pdfs/home_invasion_robbery.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pdfs/home_invasion_robbery.pdf Shelf Number: 130310 Keywords: BurglaryHome InvasionRobberyStealing |
Author: Ranapurwala, Shabbar I. Title: Reporting Crime Victimizations to the Police and the Incidence of Future Victimizations: A Longitudinal Study Summary: Background Law enforcement depends on cooperation from the public and crime victims to protect citizens and maintain public safety; however, many crimes are not reported to police because of fear of repercussions or because the crime is considered trivial. It is unclear how police reporting affects the incidence of future victimization. Objective To evaluate the association between reporting victimization to police and incident future victimization. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National Crime Victimization Survey 2008-2012 data. Participants were 12+ years old household members who may or may not be victimized, were followed biannually for 3 years, and who completed at least one followup survey after their first reported victimization between 2008 and 2012. Crude and adjusted generalized linear mixed regression for survey data with Poisson link were used to compare rates of future victimization. Results Out of 18,657 eligible participants, 41% participants reported to their initial victimization to police and had a future victimization rate of 42.8/100 person-years (PY) (95% CI: 40.7, 44.8). The future victimization rate of those who did not report to the police (59%) was 55.0/ 100 PY (95% CI: 53.0, 57.0). The adjusted rate ratio comparing police reporting to not reporting was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.72, 0.84) for all future victimizations, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.90) for interpersonal violence, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.78) for thefts, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.07) for burglaries. Conclusions Reporting victimization to police is associated with fewer future victimization, underscoring the importance of police reporting in crime prevention. This association may be attributed to police action and victim services provisions resulting from reporting. Details: PLoS ONE 11(7): e0160072. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160072, 2016. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0160072.PDF Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0160072.PDF Shelf Number: 144863 Keywords: BurglaryDomestic ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceRepeat VictimizationTheftVictims of Crime |
Author: Ohm, Meit Title: Geographic Profiling: A scientific tool or merely a guessing game? Summary: Geographic profiling is considered as one of the most controversial and innovative technologies used in criminal investigations today. The accuracy of the methodology has become a popular topic amongst scholars and has caused a heated debate regarding the success of geographic profiling. This study seeks to evaluate if geographic profiling is a useful tool for the police. Thus the aims of this study are to examine if the methodology is a viable tool during investigations and further to establish to what extent geographic profiling has been successfully applied within the area of property crime, in particular burglary investigations. By conducting a systematic literature review and key informant interviews this study found that geographic profiling can be a very useful tool for analysts. Further the results showed that geographic profiling systems are not always more accurate than simpler methods, however simpler strategies are not necessarily as consistent as a computerised system. Moreover the results indicate that geographic profiling can be applied during burglary investigations, if done correctly and by a trained investigator. The study concludes that geographic profiling is more than just a guessing game and if applied appropriately it will most likely identify the offender. Lastly the results and shortcomings of this study, including the need for future research is discussed. Details: Malmo: Malmö högskola/Hälsa och samhälle, 2016. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 4, 2017 at: https://dspace.mah.se/bitstream/handle/2043/20828/Bachelorthesis.MeitOhrn.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Year: 2016 Country: Sweden URL: https://dspace.mah.se/bitstream/handle/2043/20828/Bachelorthesis.MeitOhrn.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 145873 Keywords: BurglaryCrime AnalysisCriminal InvestigationGeographic ProfilingGeographical Information Systems (GIS) |
Author: Borg, Anton Title: On Descriptive and Predictive Models for Serial Crime Analysis Summary: Law enforcement agencies regularly collect crime scene information. There exists, however, no detailed, systematic procedure for this. The data collected is affected by the experience or current condition of law enforcement officers. Consequently, the data collected might differ vastly between crime scenes. This is especially problematic when investigating volume crimes. Law enforcement officers regularly do manual comparison on crimes based on the collected data. This is a time-consuming process; especially as the collected crime scene information might not always be comparable. The structuring of data and introduction of automatic comparison systems could benefit the investigation process. This thesis investigates descriptive and predictive models for automatic comparison of crime scene data with the purpose of aiding law enforcement investigations. The thesis first investigates predictive and descriptive methods, with a focus on data structuring, comparison, and evaluation of methods. The knowledge is then applied to the domain of crime scene analysis, with a focus on detecting serial residential burglaries. This thesis introduces a procedure for systematic collection of crime scene information. The thesis also investigates impact and relationship between crime scene characteristics and how to evaluate the descriptive model results. The results suggest that the use of descriptive and predictive models can provide feedback for crime scene analysis that allows a more effective use of law enforcement resources. Using descriptive models based on crime characteristics, including Modus Operandi, allows law enforcement agents to filter cases intelligently. Further, by estimating the link probability between cases, law enforcement agents can focus on cases with higher link likelihood. This would allow a more effective use of law enforcement resources, potentially allowing an increase in clear-up rates. Details: Karlskrona: Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2014. 221 p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 24, 2017 at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A833995&dswid=-9246 Year: 2014 Country: Sweden URL: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A833995&dswid=-9246 Shelf Number: 144582 Keywords: BurglaryCrime Analysis Crime Scene Data Criminal Investigation Residential Burglaries |
Author: Bisschop, Paul Title: Did the recent unemployment book in the Netherlands affect crime rates? Evidence from a 2005-2012 panel data analysis Summary: This paper uses municipality-level unemployment rates during 2005-2012 to identify the effect of unemployment on different crime rates. The fixed effects regression finds evidence for a relationship between unemployment and burglary. For every ten percent increase of the unemployment rate, burglary crime shows a three percent increase. Assuming a mean crime cost of $ 46,000 per burglary, the unemployment boom from four percent to seven percent between 2005 and 2013 led to $ 725 million (1999 dollars) additional crime costs. The results indicate that, with respect to burglary, motivational factors of unemployment dominate opportunity factors. The analysis provides no evidence for a significant relationship between unemployment during 2005- 2012 and assaults, sexual offences and vandalism. Details: Amsterdam: SEO Economic Research, 2014. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 21, 2017 at: http://www.seo.nl/uploads/media/DP78_Did_the_recent_unemployment_boom_in_the_Netherlands_affect_crime__rates.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Netherlands URL: http://www.seo.nl/uploads/media/DP78_Did_the_recent_unemployment_boom_in_the_Netherlands_affect_crime__rates.pdf Shelf Number: 145141 Keywords: BurglaryCrime Rates Socioeconomic Conditions and Crime Unemployment and Crime |
Author: Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company Title: 5 year analysis of Pharmacy Burglary and Robbery Experience Summary: Burglaries and robberies represent a significant expense to pharmacies in the United States. Beyond direct insurance costs, which are driven by loss experience, pharmacists experience financial, business interruption and psychological costs. Pharmacists are concerned about armed robberies, and even finding that a store has been burglarized overnight can be upsetting and cause the expenditure of thousands of dollars in an effort to prevent reoccurrence. Beyond what is covered by insurance, customers pay deductibles that can easily be exceeded as a result of criminal efforts to gain entrance. Pharmacists that are victimized face hours of dealing with police, the DEA, board of pharmacy, contractors and their insurance company. As state and national efforts increase to address the underlying problem of prescription drug diversion, pharmacists face increasing administrative and regulatory compliance costs. When we seek methods to effectively combat the problem, it is important to understand the larger problem of prescription drug diversion and how it fuels pharmacy burglaries and robberies. Described by the Centers for Disease Control as having reached epidemic proportions in the United States, demand for prescription narcotics, coupled with a widely available supply, create an environment that is ripe for criminal activity. While the U.S. represents only 4.6% of the world's population, we consume 80% of the global opioid supply Five million Americans use opioid painkillers for non-medical use We experience almost 17,000 deaths from prescription narcotic overdoses annually. In a 4 year period, more deaths than we experienced in the Vietnam War. Morphine production was at 96 milligrams per person in 1997. By 2009, that number increased by 8 fold. The origins of the problem are complex, but are based on a cycle of over-prescribing that has occurred over the past two decades. While well intentioned, liberal prescribing coupled with aggressive marketing, incentives and even encouragement to physicians to relieve pain at all costs sparked the fire. Unchecked by adequate physician education on drug diversion and dependency, and a lack of appropriate chronic pain management protocols, demand and dependency increased. As demand increased, so did production levels, opportunities for profit and creative methods of diversion. Pharmacy crime involves every part of the distribution chain from manufacture through wholesale, retail, and ultimately to the end user. Pharmacists have been victims of deceptive practices, prescription fraud, employee diversion, burglaries and robberies. According to the Centers for Disease Control, prescription drug diversion, measured by drug overdose deaths and pharmacy crime, are at epidemic proportions. Details: Algona, IA: Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company, 2013. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 18, 2017 at: https://www.videofied.com/_asset/tqrmk5/Pharmacy-5yr-Crime-Analysis.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.videofied.com/_asset/tqrmk5/Pharmacy-5yr-Crime-Analysis.pdf Shelf Number: 147723 Keywords: BurglaryPharmacy CrimePrescription Drug AbuseRetail CrimeRobberies |
Author: Males, Mike Title: Most California Jurisdictions Show Declines in Property Crime During Justice Reform Era, 2010-2016 Summary: This report from the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice examines local trends in California's property crime from 2010 through 2016, a period marked by major justice system reform, including Public Safety Realignment, Prop 47, and Prop 57. Despite the relative stability of recent property crime trends, the report finds substantial variation in crime at the local level, which suggests that recent crime patterns may result from local policies rather than state policy reform. The report finds: From 2010 to 2016, property crime rates fell more than 3 percent statewide despite the implementation of large-scale criminal justice reforms. For every major crime except vehicle theft, more California jurisdictions reported decreases than increases in their crime rates from 2010 to 2016. For example, just 141 jurisdictions reported increased rates of burglary, while 367 jurisdictions showed decreases. Across California, crime trends have been highly localized. Of the 511 cities and local areas included in this analysis, 42 percent showed rising rates of property crime from 2010 to 2016, with an average increase of 12.8 percent, and 58 percent showed decreases, with an average decline of 18.1 percent. Many jurisdictions, especially those that began with higher rates of property crime, have devised successful policies and practices that are improving local safety. Jurisdictions that showed decreasing rates of property crime between 2010 and 2016 had higher rates at the start of the reform era than those showing increases. Details: San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 2017. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 20, 2017 at: http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/most_california_jurisdictions_show_declines_in_property_crime_during_justice_reform_era.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/most_california_jurisdictions_show_declines_in_property_crime_during_justice_reform_era.pdf Shelf Number: 148269 Keywords: BurglaryCrime StatisticsCrime TrendsProperty CrimePublic Safety Realignment |
Author: Hachigian, Lance Michael Title: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Property Victimization in The City of Sacramento Summary: Citizens in America are nine times more likely to fall victim to a property crime as compared to personal crimes where there is a physical victimization. Property crime constitutes a majority of all victimization, placing a research emphasis on property victimization patterns. This study uses victimized locations (as identified by address) within the city of Sacramento over a seven-year span. Residential and commercial burglary are analyzed separately due to the prevalence of burglary. The data were organized spatially and temporally, allowing for the creation of charts for analysis of property victimization over an extended period. Property victimization patterns remained non-random, and signs of clustering were present from year-to-year by district. Temporally, non-random patterns relating to time of offense were discovered. Details: Sacramento: California State University, Sacramento, 2013. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 5, 2017 at: http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/handle/10211.9/2135 Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/handle/10211.9/2135 Shelf Number: 148726 Keywords: BurglaryProperty Crimes Spatial Analysis |
Author: Willis, Matthew Title: Property Crime and Indigenous Offenders Summary: It is well recognised that Indigenous offenders are over-represented within the Australian criminal justice system. In response to this, researchers have attempted to identify the factors contributing to Indigenous offending. Such studies have tended to look at Indigenous offending and engagement with the criminal justice system as a whole, across the full range of different offence types, or have focused on violent crime (Memmott et al. 2001; Bryant & Willis 2008; Wundersitz 2010). Little attention has been paid to Indigenous involvement in other specific forms of crime, such as property offending. While violent crime (specifcally acts intended to cause injury) accounts for the largest proportion of recorded Indigenous offenders (Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016a) and prisoners (ABS 2016c), a substantial number of Indigenous people are imprisoned or otherwise sanctioned for property offences each year. Understanding and addressing factors contributing to Indigenous involvement in property crime can also potentially contribute to reducing Indigenous over- representation (Weatherburn 2014). This paper aims to assist policymakers and practitioners by filling some of the gaps in knowledge about Indigenous involvement in property crime. The brief first overviews the extent of Indigenous involvement in property crime and draws some comparisons between nature and rates of property crime committed by Indigenous offenders and non- Indigenous offenders. Some of the main theoretical explanations for involvement in property offending across the overall population are examined and related to property offending by Indigenous people. The brief draws on unpublished research data to further explore the nature of Indigenous property offending and also examines some initiatives that aim to reduce this offending. For the purposes of this paper, 'property crime' will encompass the offences of robbery; unlawful entry with intent/break and enter (burglary); all thefts; fraud; and property damage as classified under the Australian and New Zealand Standard Offence Classification. Robbery is usually considered a violent crime as the actual or threatened use of violence is an element of the offence that is more serious than the theft element. However, the factors contributing to involvement in robbery and patterns of incidence for robbery tend to align more closely with crimes such as burglary than they do with violent crimes such as assault. For instance, rates of robbery in Australia and internationally have been declining in recent years to an extent that is consistent with property crime trends but not with violent crime trends (van Dijk, Tseloni & Farrell 2012). Violent crime has also declined but over a shorter period and with greater fluctuation (Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) 2016; Nelson 2015). Therefore, robbery will be considered a property crime for the purposes of this paper; this approach has been undertaken in other recent studies of property crime (Brown 2015). Details: Sydney: Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse, 2018. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Brief 23: Accessed july 26, 2018 at: https://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/mp/files/publications/files/property-crime-willis-fracchini-rb23-ijc.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/mp/files/publications/files/property-crime-willis-fracchini-rb23-ijc.pdf Shelf Number: 150922 Keywords: BurglaryCrime StatisticsIndigenous OffendersIndigenous PeoplesProperty CrimeRobberyTheft |
Author: Gerstner, Dominik Title: Predictive Policing in the Context of Residential Burglary: An Empirical Illustration on the Basis of a Pilot Project in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany Summary: Predictive policing has become an important issue in recent times, and different applications have been implemented in different countries. With a remarkable increase in residential burglaries in Germany during the last years, several place-based predictive policing strategies have been applied for this type of offence. In the federal state of Baden-Wurttemberg, the "pilot project predictive policing" (P4) was started in October 2015. The project was designed to produce open-ended and unbiased results and therefore included an external scientific evaluation. The article describes how predictive policing was applied in the P4 pilot and summarizes the main findings of the evaluation study. As predictive policing is more than making predictions, the article sheds light on different aspects of a "prediction-led policing business process" (Perry et al., Predictive policing: the role of crime forecasting in law enforcement operations, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, 2013). Despite some positive findings, the impact on crime remains unclear and the size of crime reducing effects appears to be moderate. Within the police force, the acceptance of predictive policing is a divisive issue. Future research is recommended. Details: In: European Journal for Security Research (2018) 3:115-138. (Open Access) Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2018 at: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs41125-018-0033-0.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Germany URL: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs41125-018-0033-0.pdf Shelf Number: 153241 Keywords: BurglaryPredictive PolicingResidential Burglary |
Author: Walker, Samantha Title: Characteristics of Chronic Offenders in Victoria Summary: Previous Crime Statistics Agency analysis of reoffending has focused on youth. This fact sheet examined the offending frequency of alleged offenders of all ages recorded in the 10 years to 30 June 2017, and explored the characteristics of those who were chronic offenders during the study period (more than 10 alleged offender incidents) compared with those who offended less frequently. Key findings include: - Of all alleged offenders, 6.3% were chronic offenders and were responsible for 43.9% of the recorded offender incidents during the 10-year period. - People aged under 25 years (at the time their first offender incident was recorded during the 10-year period) made up more than half (54.2%) of all chronic offenders. - The majority of chronic offenders were male (83.3%) and were born in Australia (84.3%). - The most commonly recorded offence type for chronic offenders was non-aggravated burglary, followed by stealing from a retail store. - The most commonly recorded police outcome for chronic offenders was arrest. Details: Melbourne, Australia: Crime Statistics Agency, 2018. 3p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2019 at: https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/embridge_cache/emshare/original/public/2018/04/69/f9d1461ef/Crime%20Statistics%20Agency%20-%20In%20Fact%207%20-%20Characteristics%20of%20chronic%20offenders.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/research-and-evaluation/publications/reoffending/characteristics-of-chronic-offenders-in-victoria Shelf Number: 154357 Keywords: AustraliaBurglaryCareer CriminalsChronic OffendersMale CriminalsOffenders |