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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:39 am
Time: 11:39 am
Results for camera surveillance
8 results foundAuthor: Savello, Caroline Title: Offenders under Watch: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of Camera Surveillance and Criminal Behavior Summary: Does camera surveillance deter crime? A decade of empirical and theoretical exploration has failed to reach a consensus on the effect of camera surveillance on crime rates. Rational Choice Theory predicts that offenders under surveillance will choose not to commit a crime given the heightened riskiness associated with breaking the law, causing a localized decline in crime. I expand this theoretical framework through a game-theoretic interaction between police and offenders. Following surveillance implementation, police will reallocate away from the surveilled block, decreasing the equilibrium level of a crime in a fashion that does not manifest as a local treatment effect. The empirical analysis of this paper, using quasi-experimental matching methodologies, confirms that there is no local treatment effect of surveillance. These findings call for future research on general equilibrium effects in criminology as well as for randomized evaluations. Details: New Haven, CT: Department of Political Science, Yale University, 2009. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Senior Essay: Accessed September 3, 2011 at: http://www.yale.edu/polisci/undergrad/docs/Savello_Caroline.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.yale.edu/polisci/undergrad/docs/Savello_Caroline.pdf Shelf Number: 122627 Keywords: Camera SurveillancePrisonersPrisonsRational Choice Theory |
Author: Alvarado, Camila Title: Crime in College Park: Understanding Crime Levels, Perceptions, and Environmental Design in an Off-Campus Student-Occupied Neighborhood Summary: Despite recently decreasing crime rates in College Park, fear of crime remains high. Additionally, while the crime rate on the University of Maryland campus is relatively low compared to the national average, crime in off-campus areas continues to be a problem. Crime mapping using spatial analysis techniques allowed the researchers to identify Old Town College Park as a student-occupied, off-campus residential area with a relatively high rate of larcenies, burglaries, and robberies. Through a longitudinal case study, quantitative and qualitative data about crime and students' perceptions of crime in the target were collected. These data were used to identify trends in how the rate of crime and perception changed in response to the implementation of CCTV cameras in Old Town. These data were also used to identify the correlation between crime level and the existing environmental design of the neighborhood's housing properties. Details: College Park, MD: University of Maryland, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2011. 181p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis, Gemstone Team Crime Prevention and Perception: Accessed November 24, 2012 at: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11391 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11391 Shelf Number: 126984 Keywords: Camera SurveillanceClosed-Circuit TelevisionColleges and UniversitiesCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeFear of CrimeNeighborhoods and CrimeOff-Campus Housing |
Author: Dawson, Danielle Title: A Report on Camera Surveillance in Canada: Part Two Summary: In January 2009 the Surveillance Camera Awareness Network (SCAN) released part one of its Report on Camera Surveillance in Canada. Since the release of that report the use of camera surveillance continues to proliferate. For example, the Ontario Provincial Police are in the process of procuring surveillance cameras equipped with automated licence plate recognition technology with the hope of providing security on the provinces highways. And while the U.S. Department of Homeland Security unveils plans to install 11 high-tech camera surveillance systems along its border with Canada at the St. Claire River, the City of Vancouver remains tight-lipped about its intentions to employ camera surveillance during and following the 2010 Olympics. In this report the members of SCAN continue to undertake a survey of camera surveillance in the Canadian context. Drawing on innovative primary research this report begins to fill in the picture of camera surveillance practices in Canada. This report contextualizes the proliferation of camera surveillance with site-specific cases studies, provides insight into public and camera operator perceptions of camera surveillance, and explores privacy and civil liberties questions as they relate to the transfer and reproduction of camera surveillance images. Details: Kingston, ON: Surveillance Cameras Awareness Network, Queen's University, 2009. 132p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 21, 2016 at: http://www.sscqueens.org/sites/default/files/SCAN_Report_Phase2_Dec_18_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: http://www.sscqueens.org/sites/default/files/SCAN_Report_Phase2_Dec_18_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 138353 Keywords: Automated License Place Recognition TechnologyCamera SurveillanceClosed-Circuit Television (CCTV)Crime PreventionVideo Surveillance (Canada) |
Author: District of Columbia. Police Complaints Board Title: Enhancing Police Accountability through an Effective On-Body Camera Program for MPD Officers Summary: Over the past few years, police departments across the country have begun equipping their officers with body-worn cameras. The Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) has recently announced its plans to implement a body-worn camera program, citing it as one of the Department's "top five priorities." The footage that these cameras capture can be used to resolve citizen complaints and train officers on proper procedures, and even as evidence in criminal and civil litigation. In addition to these benefits, a recent study shows that the mere presence of body-worn cameras may even serve to prevent negative interactions by changing officer and citizen behavior. As a result, the use of these devices can lead to enhanced police accountability as well as improved police-community relations. While body-worn cameras have many possible benefits, their use also implicates some concerns for members of the public, government agencies, civil liberties advocates, and even the officers who wear the devices. In order to maximize the many advantages that the cameras can provide, it will be crucial for MPD to develop and implement clear policies governing video creation, access, usage, and retention. Police union representatives, policy experts, and civil liberties experts nationwide have expressed concern that deploying body-worn cameras with no official policy in place could undermine public confidence in the program, as well as jeopardize the privacy of officers and the public. Having a suitable policy in place is so critical to the deployment of a body-worn camera program that the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), with support from the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), is currently working on guidelines to help formulate model policies. At a recent PERF Town Hall Meeting in Philadelphia, law enforcement executives from across the nation agreed that policies and procedures involve multi-faceted and complex issues. According to PERF President Charles Ramsey, who also serves as the commissioner of Philadelphia's Police Department and was previously MPD’s chief of police, "If you don't have a policy in place, eventually you're going to have a problem," noting that such policies should also exist to cover officers who might use their own cameras. To ensure the most effective policy, the needs and concerns of the many stakeholders throughout the District should be assessed and incorporated to the maximum extent possible. This kind of participation will also build public support and buy-in for the camera program, which should help ensure successful implementation. Therefore, the Police Complaints Board (PCB) recommends that MPD establish an advisory panel of District of Columbia stakeholders to assist in the development of a policy to govern a body-worn camera pilot program in the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD). This panel should, at a minimum, include representatives from: MPD; the Office of Police Complaints (OPC); the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP); the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia (USAO); the District's Office of the Attorney General (OAG); the criminal defense bar; the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU); and the Fair and Inclusive Policing Task Force. The panel should also include members of MPD's Citizen Advisory Councils as well as representatives of groups from around the District who could provide insight into how a camera program would affect various segments of the public, including, among others, immigrants, non-English speakers, crime victims, and the LGBTQ population. PCB further recommends that the District provide MPD with the necessary funding to conduct a pilot program. Once a pilot program has been conducted, the advisory panel should review the program's efficacy, identify any concerns about processes or policies, and suggest changes and improvements. If the program is determined to be beneficial, the District government should then provide funding for wider implementation across MPD. In the event that MPD decides to launch a pilot program prior to convening the recommended panel, it should be allowed to do so, but should permit OPC to provide real-time input and feedback to MPD as the expedited pilot program takes shape and is implemented. Adopting this approach would allow MPD to avail itself of OPC's ties with community groups and District stakeholders, thereby incorporating useful external feedback until the panel could be established. As for the proposed panel, it should be convened as soon as practicable to help develop a final policy based on an assessment of the ongoing pilot program. Details: Washington, DC: Police Complaints Board, 2014. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 17, 2016 at: http://policecomplaints.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/office%20of%20police%20complaints/publication/attachments/Final%20policy%20rec%20body%20camera.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://policecomplaints.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/office%20of%20police%20complaints/publication/attachments/Final%20policy%20rec%20body%20camera.pdf Shelf Number: 145083 Keywords: Body-Worn CamerasCamera SurveillanceCitizen ComplaintsPolice AccountabilityPolice BehaviorPolice Misconduct |
Author: Okere, Stephen Title: An Evaluation of Circuit Television Cameras in Crime Management: A case Study of Nairobi Central Business District Summary: The study focused on the effectiveness of Closed Circuit Television Cameras (CCTV) in Urban Crime Management in the Central Business District (CBD) of Nairobi. The objective of the study was to explore the extent and effectiveness of CCTV Cameras in alleviating insecurity within Nairobi Central Business District. The theoretical framework looked into the location theory, routine activities theory, situation crime prevention theory and crime prevention through environmental design to understand how crime manifests itself and crime prevention measures adopted. The conceptual framework looked into the Location, Institutional Framework, Resources, Government Policy, Societal value systems, Community participation and Integrated Centralized Surveillance System that makes CCTV system effective in an urban environment. The Methodology used involved CCTV observation, Stratified random sampling of four Strata namely; Institutions/Businesses, Hotels, Supermarkets and Small Business Enterprise using CCTV Cameras. Interviews Schedule was used to interview Administrators, ICT Experts in installation of CCTV Cameras, Law Enforcement agents and urban planners from City Council of Nairobi. The study found out that 92.9% of the total respondents had installed CCTV cameras inside the buildings to offer surveillance inside the buildings. Those connected outside are mainly used to monitor traffic with a few located in strategic areas for crime prevention. 85.7% of the respondents indicated that CCTV cameras were effective where installed and location and coverage of cameras being a critical component. The study recommends the installation of CCTV cameras on the streets for crime prevention. There is also the need to involve all stakeholders including community participation to ensure project sustainability. Finally there is an urgent need for the government to come up with policy guidelines which sets out standards and conditions to be adopted in the operation of CCTV cameras schemes. Details: Nairobi: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Nairobi, 2012. 138p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 6, 2018 at: https://urbanplanning.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/cae/artsdesign/urbanplanning/Stephen%20Okere%20Research%20Project.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Kenya URL: https://urbanplanning.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/cae/artsdesign/urbanplanning/Stephen%20Okere%20Research%20Project.pdf Shelf Number: 149010 Keywords: Camera SurveillanceCamerasCCTVClosed-Circuit Television CamerasCrime PreventionLaw Enforcement Technology Situational Crime PreventionSurveillance Video Technology |
Author: Corbett, Claire Title: The effects of speed cameras: How drivers respond Summary: This study set out to examine the effects and effectiveness of various strategies related to the deployment of speed cameras, and to explore how different types of driver responded to cameras and perceived their operation. Recommendations for best deployment were to be considered. It was carried out between 1993 and 1996 after the Road Traffic Act 1991 authorised the use of automatic speed devices for the detection of offences. A series of 12 surveys arranged in five sets and having some cross-sectional and some longitudinal elements was undertaken together with some depth interviews, and self-report measures predominated. Five police forces helped to set up the research. In total 6879 drivers took part. The particular interventions focused upon comprised camera signing alone; two kinds of publicity campaign linked with speed camera deployment; prosecution following detection by speed camera; and the effects of cameras when first installed and over time Details: London: Dept. of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Road Safety Division London, 1999. 105p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2018 at: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/speeding/PDFs/corbett1999.pdf Year: 1999 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/speeding/PDFs/corbett1999.pdf Shelf Number: 150810 Keywords: Camera SurveillanceMotor Vehicle Offenses Speed Cameras Speeding |
Author: Taylor, Jirka Title: Violent and Antisocial Behaviour at Football Events: Review of interventions Summary: Disorder and violence at football matches are well-recognised issues that have attracted considerable attention in the media as well as among policymakers and practitioners. In an effort to prevent and respond to the phenomenon, numerous strategies and interventions have been implemented by relevant stakeholder groups, including police and other security professionals, football clubs and associations, fan organisations and local and national governments. However, despite the wide range of tools available, there are gaps in the understanding of the current state of practice and its effectiveness. This rapid evidence review responded to these gaps through a focused, structured literature search and aimed to provide a critical assessment of previous research into these issues. The review observed a multitude of strategies that can be and have been implemented to counter antisocial behaviour at football matches. They can broadly be grouped into four categories: 1) organisation of the venue (e.g. equipping stadiums with cameras, seating-only arrangements), 2) organisation of the events (e.g. arranging transport for away fans; setting up early kick-off times); 3) approaches to policing (e.g. dialogue-based policing, police liaison teams); and 4) laws, policies and partnerships (e.g. higher penalties for hooliganism, cooperation with fan associations). With respect to the effectiveness of these interventions, the review found that the existing evidence base (at least as captured by the parameters of the review) is underdeveloped. The review found evidence pertaining only to a subset of interventions. Of the studies offering an effectiveness assessment, the majority faced notable methodological limitations. Key Findings There is positive evidence for the effectiveness of utilising security cameras and mandatory transport arrangements for visiting fans, early kick-off times and policing approaches aimed at establishing dialogue and lines of communication with fans in reducing disorder. Interventions that do not appear to be effective include fan registration schemes as a precondition for a ticket purchase and alcohol bans within stadiums, city-wide alcohol bans and bans on alcohol consumption while in transit to the stadium. Details: Cambridge, UK: RAND Europe, 2018. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 27, 2018 at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2532.html Year: 2018 Country: Europe URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2532.html Shelf Number: 150950 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial Behavior Camera SurveillanceDisorderly ConductFootball Hooliganism Soccer Sporting Events Sports Violence VandalismViolence Prevention |
Author: Apperloo, Esther Title: Onveiligheid Stoppen, Bij Het Shoppen...: Onderzoek naar de Invloed van Toezicht in Winkelgebieden op de Veiligheidsbeleving van Mensen (Stop Insecurity, When Shopping ...: Investigation of the Influence of Supervision in Shopping Areas on the Safety Expe Summary: Background information Dutch municipalities have introduced camera surveillance in public spaces with different objectives, namely prevention of crime and nuisance, the timely identification of threatening security problems and the collection of offender information that can improve the investigation (Homburg et al., 2012). The most important goals are maintaining and supervising public order and increasing the safety of citizens (Schreijenberg, Koffijberg & Dekkers, 2009). The introduction of CCTV is mainly justified by two assumed effects, namely the increase of objective safety through situational prevention and the enhancement of subjective safety (Geelhoed, 2005). There is a question of increasing objective safety when crime actually falls. Increased subjective safety occurs when people feel safer because of the presence of the cameras, regardless of whether it has become safer in the objective sense (Van Eijk et al., 2006). Details: Enschede, Netherlands: Universiteit Twente, 2015. 73p. Source: Internet Resource (in Dutch): Accessed January 12, 2019 at: https://anzdoc.com/onderzoeks-en-adviesgroep-politie.html Year: 2015 Country: Netherlands URL: https://anzdoc.com/onderzoeks-en-adviesgroep-politie.html Shelf Number: 154085 Keywords: Camera SurveillanceCCTVCrime PreventionNetherlandsPublic Order MaintenancePublic SafetySituational Crime Prevention |