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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:09 pm
Time: 12:09 pm
Results for case studies
5 results foundAuthor: Armitage, Rachel Title: Assessing the Impact of Residential Design on Crime: A Guide to Conducting Case Studies Summary: This briefing note aims to guide the reader through the task of conducting a case study to assess the impact of residential design on crime. It is part of a series of themed papers which report the findings from a collaborative project funded by the Home Office and managed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE). The project set out to strengthen and update the evidence base on the impact of residential design on a range of crime types – with a specific focus on housing developments acclaimed for their innovative design and award winning architecture. This research was commissioned by two agencies (Home Office and CABE) who were interested in updating the evidence base on the impact of residential design on crime and to ensure that future policy and guidance reflected the findings of a comprehensive and up to date study. The research itself was conducted by an independent consortium of academics with expertise in conducting research yet with no vested interest in the outcome of the study. Although this is an ideal scenario, recent budget cuts have limited the likelihood of agencies such as police, local authorities or Registered Social Landlords (RSLs) being in a position to outsource research. For this reason, this briefing note is designed to guide the reader through the task of conducting a case study. It looks at issues such as sample selection, data collection and analysis as well as problems and issues which may arise. It is hoped that practitioners can use this as a guide to conduct their own research and to inform the planning and development of residential areas to minimise crime risks. Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 19, 2012 at: http://www.hud.ac.uk/media/universityofhuddersfield/content/image/research/hhs/acc/Briefing%20Notes%20-%20Conducting%20a%20Case%20Study.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hud.ac.uk/media/universityofhuddersfield/content/image/research/hhs/acc/Briefing%20Notes%20-%20Conducting%20a%20Case%20Study.pdf Shelf Number: 123662 Keywords: Case StudiesDesign Against CrimeResidential AreasSituational Crime Prevention (U.K.) |
Author: Office of the Sentencing Council Title: Drug 'mules': twelve case studies Summary: This document describes the key features emerging from case study interviews undertaken by the Office of the Sentencing Council with a small number of women imprisoned for unlawful importation of drugs: many acting as drug ‘mules’. This work focused on women in response to documented concerns over the circumstances that may lead to the offending, the roles they tend to play in these types of offences and the impact of imprisonment on women and their families, particularly those with caring responsibilities. These issues have been raised specifically in relation to foreign national prisoners, with stories of women living in poverty who either need the money generated through carrying drugs, or are coerced into it, and for whom imprisonment may be particularly difficult, given their location in a different country and language and cultural differences. The aim of the interviews with the women involved in this exercise was therefore to discuss the background and circumstances leading up to their offence, their reactions to the sentence they received and the impact this has had on their lives and that of their families: essentially we wanted the women to ‘tell their story’ (seeAppendix A for these accounts) - to provide a greater insight and understanding into some of the potential reasons for involvement in these offences and to highlight the type of roles they may play. The information generated through this work has helped inform the Sentencing Council’s development of a draft sideline on sentencing drug offences and has complemented a larger research study recently undertaken, examining public attitudes to the sentencing of drug offences more generally. Details: United Kingdom: Office of the Sentencing Council, 2011. 23p. Source: Analysis and Research Bulletin. Internet Resource: Accessed on January 23, 2012 at http://sentencingcouncil.judiciary.gov.uk/docs/Drug_mules_bulletin.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://sentencingcouncil.judiciary.gov.uk/docs/Drug_mules_bulletin.pdf Shelf Number: 123758 Keywords: Case StudiesDrug Trafficking (U.K.)Female OffendersImprisonment |
Author: Macallair, Daniel Title: Lessons Learned: The Santa Cruz County Study Summary: Within California, 58 counties operate 58 diverse local criminal justice systems. Some counties rely heavily on the state prison system, while others invest in local practices and alternatives to incarceration. A few of these self-reliant counties are demonstrating positive crime reduction and public safety trends. This indicates their success in implementing deliberate strategies to reduce the number of inmates housed locally and within the state prison system. Santa Cruz is one of those self-reliant counties, where the dedication of local administrators has improved the county’s justice system (“Santa Cruz” refers to the county here, unless the city is specified). Consequently, the county is more prepared to manage the increase in local offender populations resulting from realignment under Assembly Bill 109 (AB 109). Furthermore, the county’s Jail Alternatives Initiative (JAI) model helps anticipate the potential impacts of AB 109 and to develop systemic interventions necessary for successful implementation of the policy. JAI facilitates a continuous improvement process that is data-driven and can evolve over time. Santa Cruz engages in ongoing multi-agency collaborations that enhance the system-wide data analysis process to initiate deliberate interventions within the local criminal justice system. This publication explores the Santa Cruz experience through an analysis of data trends and implications for deliberate local strategies. Further, the study understands how Santa Cruz best utilized systemic interventions. This serves as a basis for concluding how California counties can improve their justice systems and better prepare for the increased local responsibility over offenders, following AB 109. Details: San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 2012. 16p. Source: Case Study: Internet Resource: Accessed August 30, 2012 at http://www.cjcj.org/files/Santa_Cruz_Case_Study.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.cjcj.org/files/Santa_Cruz_Case_Study.pdf Shelf Number: 126172 Keywords: Alternatives to Incarceration (California)Case StudiesCrime Reduction (California) |
Author: Gauri, Varun Title: How do Local-Level Institutions Promote Development? An Exploratory Essay Summary: This paper develops a framework and some hypotheses regarding the impact of local-level, informal legal institutions on three economic outcomes: aggregate growth, inequality, and human capabilities. It presents a set of stylized differences between formal and informal legal justice systems, identifies the pathways through which formal systems promote economic outcomes, reflects on what the stylized differences mean for the potential impact of informal legal institutions on economic outcomes, and looks at extant case studies to examine the plausibility of the arguments presented. The paper concludes that local-level, informal legal institutions: (i) can support social substitutes for the enforcement of contracts, though these substitutes tend to be limited in range and scale; (ii) are flexible and could conceivably be adapted to serve the interests of the poor and marginalized if supportive organizational and social resources could be brought to buttress the legal claims of the disempowered; and (iii) are more likely to support personal integrity rights than the positive liberties that are also constitutive of development as freedom. Details: Washington, DC: The World Bank Group, 2009. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 11, 2019 at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/18109?locale-attribute=es Year: 2009 Country: International URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/18109?show=full Shelf Number: 154115 Keywords: Case StudiesFormal Justice SystemsInformal Justice SystemsLegal InstitutionsLocal GovernmentLocal-Level |
Author: Environment Agency (United Kingdom) Title: Novel Approaches to Waste Crime Summary: Executive Summary The European Pathway to Zero Waste (EPOW) programme has eight actions, five of which are led by the Environment Agency and three by WRAP who took over from the South East England Development Agency in April 2011. One of the actions under the programme is assessing and reporting on novel approaches to tackling waste crime which aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of new public sector led approaches to reducing waste crime and supporting new markets for the reuse of recovered materials. This study reports on the outcomes from a pilot of the best novel approaches. Environmental crime is a high priority area for European Member States; tackling the issue are international networks, working groups and organisations that include the European Commission, Interpol, Europol, Member State regulatory agents and a wide range of specific task force groups. These bodies are set up to deliver programmes that address and implement waste crime reduction measures. In its 2011 EU Organised Crime Threat Assessment Report however, Europol notes that "substantial intelligence gaps (in the area of waste crime) preclude comprehensive assessment of organised crime activity in this area". The intelligence on European waste crime notes: - Illegal waste activities within the EU are organised and sophisticated networks with clear division of roles with some organised gangs making billions of Euros per year; - Waste brokers feeding these networks can also be part of and embedded within the legal waste management system, appearing to be operating legitimate businesses; - Complexity in the legal waste management system facilitates rather than prevents criminal activity; and - There are substantial financial burdens borne by affected Member States (e.g. those where the illegal dumping and disposal are occurring), which intelligence suggests to be south-east and eastern Member States plus those countries that share a border with these Member States (e.g. Albania). As a consequence of globalisation, enhanced market development and trade outside the EU, the flow of waste around Europe and outside its borders has become larger, more complex and significantly more costly to police. Rises in the number of conventions, Directives and state laws have, to some degree and with varying success, been instruments to ensure proper re-use, recovery, recycling and disposal of wastes. Waste recovery, management and disposal remains a sector where illegal activity and criminal organisations freely operate, often making large financial gains from their activities to the detriment of legitimate businesses, the common market and society at large. This document, focusing on the reused and recovered waste tyre market, reports on the current size of the EU, UK and South East of England tyre market, followed by a number of public sector led case studies illustrating novel approaches to reducing waste tyre crime. This study has identified that there are several commonly accepted motivators for tyre crime including: financial gain, convenience, opportunism, market dynamics/demand, lack of a threat of being caught and lenient sentences/punishment for offences. The novel approaches identified as part of this study commonly use an intelligence-led approach, whereby data gathered proactively is used to tackle crime on a number of fronts. Novel approaches can involve new partnerships, new approaches and intervention points, sharing of information and multi-agency collaboration, targeting different players in the supply chain and pairing crime enforcement action with awareness raising to stop crime occurring. It also involves mechanisms to support secondary waste market development, tackling one of the key sources - the waste itself - making it a valuable resource rather than a material to discard at lowest cost. The intelligence-led approach is now a widely accepted methodology for profiling organised waste crime and coordinating surveillance, awareness-raising and ultimately building a case for enforcement and prosecution. The case studies examined within this report use this intelligence-led approach to help tackle waste crime - they go beyond reactive policing. The demonstrable advantages of this approach include multi-agency collaboration giving access to pooled resources with greater breadth and depth, sharing intelligence and information to take fast action on emerging crime problems, engaging with and gathering knowledge from the general public and businesses and making decisions on allocating resources where the best outcomes can be anticipated. Details: Reading, UK: Environment Agency, 2012. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/289927/geho0312bwdy-e-e.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/novel-approaches-to-waste-crime Shelf Number: 154277 Keywords: Case StudiesCriminal NetworksEnvironmental CrimeEuropean Pathway to Zero Waste (EPOW)EuropolIllegal DumpingIllegal WasteIntelligence-LedInteragency CollaborationOrganized Crime Threat Assessment ReportSupply ChainTire MarketUnited KingdomWaste CrimeWaste Recovery |