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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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Results for community participation
43 results foundAuthor: Greater London Authority Title: Community-Led Innovation in Addressing the Problems Caused by Crack Cocaine in London Summary: This report discusses innovative community-led responses to the problems caused by crack cocaine. Details: London: Greater London Authority, 2004 Source: Doyle Training and Consultancy Ltd. Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 117300 Keywords: Community ParticipationCrack CocaineDrug Abuse and Crime |
Author: Lloyd, Kate Title: Citizen Focus and Community Engagement: A Review of the Literature Summary: This review examines the key factors from the research evidence on public perception of the police, factors associated with satisfaction and confidence, elements of community engagement and the key challenges to the successful implementation of citizen-focused policing. Four major themes emerge from this review: the importance of police attitude and conduct; a lack of understanding about citizen focus and community engagement; the prevalence of citizen focus, community policing and community engagement activities and approaches being 'bolted on' to existing policing structures, rather than transforming the ways policing is delivered across the board and; how aspects of policing culture can shape officers' behavior and approaches to their work, and potentially block or undermine the possibilities for change. Details: London: Police Foundation, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 115293 Keywords: Community ParticipationPolice BehaviorPolice-Community Relations |
Author: Percy, Stephen L. Title: Evaluation of the Safe and Sound Initiative in Milwaukee Summary: The Safe & Sound Initiative contracted with the Center for Urban Initiatives and Research (CUIR) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Safe & Sound Initiative. The three prongs of the Initiative include: (1) Safe Places that offer programs and support for youth after school and in the early evening, (2) Community Partners who work in Milwaukee’s neighborhoods as organizers to learn resident concerns about crime and share crime information with law enforcement agencies, and (3) Area Specific Law Enforcement where the Milwaukee Police Department (MPD), Safe & Sound, and Milwaukee High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) work together to produce a reduction in violent crime. This comprehensive assessment of the Safe & Sound Initiative utilized an extensive and diverse array of data collection strategies in order to garner knowledge on many different facets of the Initiative and obtain information from a large set of stakeholders. Data collection strategies include: (1) information abstracted from proposals for Safe Places funding, (2) interviews with key staff in Safe Places, (3) interviews with Community Partners, (4) interviews with community leaders, (5) interviews with law enforcement officials, (6) interviews with local elected officials, (7) interviews with neighborhood residents living near Safe Places, (8) focus groups with youth who attend Safe Places, (9) “quick”, on-the-street surveys with youth, (10) on-site observations at Safe Places, and (11) examination of crime data. For Safe Places, this evaluation is conducted at two levels of analysis. The first level explores the full array of 35 Safe Places operating during 2007 and the second examines, more intensely, eight selected Safe Places that together represent diversity with regard to type of organization (i.e., some operated as branches of larger organizations and some were single entity nonprofits), geographic location within the city, programming, and size of budget. The eight intensive study sites are: Running Rebels, Latino Community Center, Mary Ryan Boys and Girls Club, Agape Community Center, Parkland YMCA, Silver Spring Neighborhood Center (at the John Muir Community Learning Center), COA Golden Center, and Davis Boys and Girls Club. Details: Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Center for Urban Initiatives and Research, 2008. 257p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119517 Keywords: Community ParticipationDelinquency PreventionDrug TraffickingJuvenile CrimeJuvenile OffendersViolent Crime (Milwaukee) |
Author: Choate, David E. Title: Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed: A First Year Process and Impact Evaluation of a Local Weed and Seed Community Site in Phoenix, Arizona Summary: The purpose of the present study was to conduct an evaluation of the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed, using both qualitative and quantitative data to conduct process and impact evaluations. The process evaluation relied on official documents detailing site activities and interviews with key stakeholders. The impact evaluation relied on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and call for service (CFS) data from the Phoenix Police Department (PPD) from 2002 through 2007, divided into two categories represented by a four-year “pre-test” and two-year “post-test”. The results of the process evaluation indicated that the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed was actively engaged in activities pursuant of their original site goals, and adapting them as the site developed. The impact evaluation indicated that the crime rates in the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed area experienced mixed declines and increases during the past two years of official programmatic activities when compared to the four years prior for crimes related to violent, property, drugs, and total crimes. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety, Arizona State University, 2008. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed Sepptember 22, 2010 at: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/reports/canyon-corridor-w-s-eval-final.pdf/view Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/reports/canyon-corridor-w-s-eval-final.pdf/view Shelf Number: 119855 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity PolicingCrime PreventionOperation Weed and Seed |
Author: Schnebly, Stephen M. Title: Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Community: A Process and Impact Evaluation of a Local Weed and Seed Initiative in Glendale, Arizona Summary: The purpose of the present study was to conduct an evaluation of the Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Community, using both qualitative and quantitative data to conduct process and impact evaluations. The process evaluation relied on official documents detailing site activities. The impact evaluation relied on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and call for service (CFS) data from the Glendale Police Department (GPD), spanning 84 months from January 2000 through December 2006, divided into two geographical categories to compare the Orchard Glen weed and Seed site and the rest of the City of Glendale. These raw frequency data were converted into monthly rates based on U.S. Census population estimates to represent the number of crimes per 100,000 people, then grouped into four categories of crime: 1) violent; 2) property; 3) drugs; and 4) disorder. The results of the process evaluation indicated that the Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Community was actively engaged in activities pursuant of their original site goals, and adapting them as the site developed, and that the efforts were well documented. The impact evaluation indicated that levels of violence, property crime, and disorder all declined in Orchard Glen after the implementation of the Weed and Seed program, and in conjunction with evidence that similar changes generally did not occur throughout the rest of the city of Glendale (i.e., the comparison area), these findings support the conclusion that Weed and Seed program was a likely contributor to the decline in violence, property crime, and disorder that was observed in the Orchard Glen treatment area. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety, Arizona State University, 2007. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 22, 2010 at: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/reports/orchard-glen-w-s-final.pdf/view Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/reports/orchard-glen-w-s-final.pdf/view Shelf Number: 119856 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity PolicingCrime PreventionOperation Weed and Seed |
Author: Choate, David E. Title: Kino Weed and Seed Coalition: A Process and Impact Evaluation of a Local Weed and Seed Community Site in Tucson, Arizona Summary: The purpose of the present study was to conduct an evaluation of the Kino Weed and Seed Coalition, using both qualitative and quantitative data to conduct process and impact evaluations. The process evaluation relied on official documents detailing site activities and focus group interviews with key stakeholders. The impact evaluation relied on call for service (CFS) data from the Tucson Police Department (TPD) from 1999 through 2005, divided into two categories represented by a three-year “pre-test” and four-year “post-test”. The results of the process evaluation indicated that the Kino Weed and Seed Coalition was actively engaged in activities pursuant of their original site goals, and adapting them as the site developed. The impact evaluation indicated that the rates of calls for service in the Kino Weed and Seed area declined significantly during the four years of official programmatic activities when compared to the three years prior for calls related to violent, property, drugs, and total crimes. Quality of life, or disorder, issues did have a slight increase during the implementation years compared to the pre-test years, but the change was not significant. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety, Arizona State University, 2006. 91p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 22, 2010 at: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/reports/kino-w-s-2006.pdf/view Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/reports/kino-w-s-2006.pdf/view Shelf Number: 113393 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity PolicingCrime PreventionOperation Weed and Seed |
Author: Crayton, Anna Title: Partnering with Jails to Improve Reentry: A Guidebook for Community-Based Organizations Summary: A wide variety of community organizations have the skills, resources, and motivation needed to address the challenges of jail reentry, including substance abuse treatment providers, homeless shelters, workforce development centers, neighborhood clinics, community colleges, and many others. This guidebook provides community-based organizations with an overview of jail reentry and concrete steps to develop and sustain a reentry partnership with their local jail. It also addresses difficulties that might arise, and provides examples of strong partnerships between CBOs and jails that serve as models. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2010. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2010 at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412211-partner-with-jails.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412211-partner-with-jails.pdf Shelf Number: 119889 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity-Based OrganizationsJailsReentry |
Author: Harvey, Lynn K. Title: The New Hope Initiative: A Collaborative Approach to Closing an Open-air Drug Market and a Blueprint for Other Communities Summary: This report describes a collaborative community-based approach used to shut down open-air drug markets. It documents the logic, the process and consequences of applying this approach in Winston-Salem, NC. The case study is intended to provide other communities with the basic guidelines for implementing similar strategies in a locally relevant and appropriate way. Details: Winston-Salem, NC: Department of Social Sciences and Center for Community Safety, Winston-Salem State University, 2005. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2010 at: http://www.wssu.edu/NR/rdonlyres/1BF7A584-539A-41A6-B860-94EED7C3FD2C/0/NewHopeBluePrint.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United States URL: http://www.wssu.edu/NR/rdonlyres/1BF7A584-539A-41A6-B860-94EED7C3FD2C/0/NewHopeBluePrint.pdf Shelf Number: 118557 Keywords: Community ParticipationDrug Abuse and CrimeDrug ControlDrug OffendersOpen-Air Drug Markets |
Author: Rosenbaum, Dennis P. Title: Salt Lake City's Comprehensive Communities Program: A Case Study Summary: Salt Lake City’s Comprehensive Communities Program (CCP), which began April 1, 1995, with a $2.2 million grant from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, sought to create “a neighborhood-based model for the prevention, intervention, and suppression of crime” (CCP program brochure, 1995). The main mission of the Salt Lake City project was to “restructure our law enforcement and social services systems so they can effectively reduce violent youth crime in today’s environment in a comprehensive way.” At the core of the CCP initiative in practice were five innovative units called Community Action Teams (CAT). A CAT is a neighborhood-based problem-solving team comprised of representatives from relevant government and not-for-profit agencies which has responsibility for addressing crime-related community problems in a specific geographic area. In addition to these efforts to “reinvent” government and social service activity at the neighborhood level, Salt Lake City’s CCP included a variety of programs directed at early intervention, treatment, community mobilization, and alternatives to traditional criminal justice approaches to processing offenders. This case study of Salt Lake City’s CCP program was written as a result of site visits made to various CCP programs and interviews with CCP participants between November, 1995 and January, 1997. It also incorporates data from BOTEC’s CCP Coalition Survey and Community Policing Survey, as well as information contained in federal and local documents and reports. Follow-up phone calls were made during December, 1997 and January, 1998, to key participants in order to write the epilogue. Details: Cambridge, MA: BOTEC Analysis Corporation, 2004. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/204628.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/204628.pdf Shelf Number: 122481 Keywords: Community Crime Prevention (Salt Lake City, Utah)Community ParticipationCommunity Policing |
Author: Doty, Steven Title: Maryvale Weed & Seed Site Evaluation Report Summary: Operation Weed and Seed was developed by the U.S. Department of Justice in 1991 for the purpose of reducing crime (particularly violent and drug-related offenses) in high-crime neighborhoods through a mixture of focused policing techniques and community organization. Weed and Seed procedures are administered by the Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO) under the jurisdiction of the DOJ Office of Justice Programs. In the two decades since Operation Weed and Seed‟s inception, over 300 officially recognized sites have been established (CCDO, 2010). The key element of the program‟s crime reduction strategy is the development and maintenance of a dedicated working relationship between the community and the police department. While this is a difficult goal to master, it is also the greatest strength of the Weed and Seed program, due to the efficacy of pooling community and police resources to achieve a common goal based on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to conduct an evaluation of the Maryvale Weed and Seed Coalition. First, a process evaluation was conducted to examine the implementation of policies, goals, and planned activities by Maryvale Weed and Seed. Afterwards, an impact evaluation was conducted to assess the efficacy of Maryvale Weed and Seed in combating crime and disorder in the designated program area. The sections within outline both the characteristics of the affected site and the methodology used to conduct the process and impact evaluations. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety, Arizona State University, 2010. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2011 at: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/sites/default/files/content/products/Maryvale_Weed_Seed_Report_FINAL.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://cvpcs.asu.edu/sites/default/files/content/products/Maryvale_Weed_Seed_Report_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 123492 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity PolicingCrime PreventionOperation Weed and Seed |
Author: La Vigne, Nancy Title: Release Planning for Successful Reentry: A Guide for Corrections, Service Providers, and Community Groups Summary: This report is designed to help the corrections community, service providers and community groups prepare prisoners for the moment of release from prison and the time immediately following release. It describes the eight most basic and immediate needs returning prisoners have when they exit prison, recommends minimum policies practitioners can institute to meet these needs, and highlights the opportunities and challenges practitioners face when trying to improve their release planning policies. The report also uses the results of a UI survey of 43 departments of corrections to illustrate what release planning procedures are currently being implemented across the country. Details: Washington, DC: Justice Policy Center, Urban Institute, 2008. 104p. Source: Research Report: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 27, 2012 at http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411767_successful_reentry.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411767_successful_reentry.pdf Shelf Number: 123797 Keywords: Community ParticipationCorrectionsPrisoner ReintegrationReentry |
Author: Daro, Deborah Title: The Duke Endowment Child Abuse Prevention Initiative: Durham Family Initiative Implementation Report Summary: The Durham Family Initiative (DFI) is one of two community-based child abuse prevention efforts that comprise The Duke Endowment’s Child Abuse Prevention Initiative. Beginning in 2002, the Endowment provided support to the Durham Family Initiative (DFI) in North Carolina and Strong Communities in South Carolina to develop a comprehensive approach to address four core outcomes: a reduction in child abuse rates; an improvement in parenting practices and behavior; strengthening community service systems; and an improvement in a community’s capacity to protect children and support parents. Both sites were given considerable latitude in defining how to achieve these objectives and were encouraged to develop strategies with the potential for replication throughout the Carolinas. Although sharing a set of common objectives with Strong Communities, DFI theorizes that child abuse can be prevented by addressing the risk factors and barriers that affect the healthy development of parent-child relationships. Adopting an ecological perspective, DFI staff formulated a work plan to strengthen and expand the pool of available evidence-based direct services, to identify and secure meaningful public policy reforms, and to build local community capacity. Details: Chicago: Chapin HIll at the University of Chicago, 2009. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 28, 2012 at http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/Duke%20DFI_Implementation_09_17_09.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/Duke%20DFI_Implementation_09_17_09.pdf Shelf Number: 123861 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectCommunity ParticipationEvaluative StudiesPrevention |
Author: Daro, Deborah Title: The Duke Endowment Child Abuse Prevention Initiative: Strong Communities Implementation Report Summary: The Strong Communities initiative is one of two community-based child abuse prevention efforts included in The Duke Endowment’s Child Abuse Prevention Initiative. Beginning in 2002, the Endowment provided support to both Strong Communities and the Durham Family Initiative (DFI)2 to develop a comprehensive approach for achieving four core outcomes: a reduction in child abuse rates; an improvement in parenting practices and behavior; the strengthening of community service systems; and an improvement in a community’s capacity to protect children and support parents. Both sites were given considerable latitude in defining how to achieve these objectives and were encouraged to develop strategies with the potential for replication throughout the Carolinas. Although sharing a set of common objectives with DFI, Strong Communities placed particular emphasis on building collective responsibility for prevention of child abuse and neglect and the promise of reciprocity of help. Project strategies were designed to assist the general public as well as local service providers in understanding the relationship among child maltreatment risk factors and how their individual and collective efforts could directly address this complex and often destructive web of interactions. The project’s logic model argued that once residents feel that their neighborhood is a place where families help each other and, indeed, the expected normative behavior is that individuals ask for and offer help, public demand will drive service expansion and system improvement. Details: Chicago: Chapin HIll at the University of Chicago, 2009. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 29, 2012 at http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/Duke%20SC%20Implementation_09_17_09.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/Duke%20SC%20Implementation_09_17_09.pdf Shelf Number: 123862 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectCommunity ParticipationEvaluative StudiesPrevention |
Author: Daro, Deborah Title: The Duke Endowment Child Abuse Prevention Initiative: A Midpoint Assessment Summary: Building on the Endowment’s longstanding commitment to enhancing the welfare of children in the Carolinas, substantial support was provided to planning teams in both North and South Carolina to develop, implement, and test a range of strategies designed to create multifaceted systems for improving supports and services for parents and young children. The two programs emerging from this planning process, the Durham Family Initiative and Strong Communities, embrace a range of strategies designed to improve parental capacity and functioning, community capacity and collective efficacy, and the public service response to child protection. Both projects operate within conceptual frameworks that reflect a keen understanding of the diversity and interdependency among the varied causes of child abuse, including aspects of individual functioning, familial and cultural values, and local social and institutional capacity. Both focus on reducing maltreatment rates by insuring that parents are in a better position to meet the needs of their children and live in communities more able to support them in this task. However, each operates under a distinct theory of change and has placed different emphasis on the individual, community, and public policy strategies essential for achieving their core objectives. Details: Chicago: Chapin HIll at the University of Chicago, 2009. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 29, 2012 at http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/Duke%20Mid_Point_Report_09_17_09.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/Duke%20Mid_Point_Report_09_17_09.pdf Shelf Number: 123863 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectCommunity ParticipationEvaluative StudiesPrevention |
Author: Morgan, Anthony Title: A model performance framework for community-based crime prevention Summary: This paper examines a series of performance measurement frameworks to assist crime prevention organisations, communities, and local governments measure, in a systematic way, the implementation of crime prevention programs. The framework will help identify problems that may impact on the programs’ effectiveness. The framework was developed in conjunction with the Western Australian Office of Crime Prevention and uses International and Australian standards of performance measurement . It reveals a number of principles in effective performance measurement such as consultative management, practical resources and technical support for communities. Details: Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 96p. Source: AIC Reports, Technical and Background Paper 40: Internet Resource: Accessed February 14, 2012 at http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/B/D/9/%7BBD9D5686-84DE-4914-ADFC-E9F4D6C3CE36%7Dtbp040.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/B/D/9/%7BBD9D5686-84DE-4914-ADFC-E9F4D6C3CE36%7Dtbp040.pdf Shelf Number: 124134 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity SafetyCrime Prevention Programs (Australia) |
Author: Bharadwaj, Priti, ed. Title: Community Participation in Prisons: A civil society perspective Summary: Prison administration in India is still governed by the archaic Prisons Act of 1894. Systemic reforms in prisons in India are long overdue. Defenders of prisoners' rights and those working on prison reforms are few and scattered over various disciplines across India. Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) along with Prayas (Mumbai) realised that though there are several key players in the field of prison reforms across India, there has not been any effort in bringing them together to share their successes or failures, or build a broad lobby group. Concerned over the lack of collective civil society movement to precipitate prison reforms, it was decided to harness and further strengthen existing human resources on prison related issues. This book is an effort to initiate and achieve sustained systemic prison reforms. This one of its kind compendium attempts to document the resource pool of NGOs, faith based groups, and associations like rotary but it does not include individuals or state authorities or those created by the state such as human rights commissions or legal aid bodies It accounts the institutions specific concerns, strategies, capacity building requirements, and achievements on prison reform and prisoner's rights. The compendium describes the factors that have influenced their evolution, patterns of growth, problems and constraints as well as gaps, challenges and opportunities We believe that, identifying the persons/organisations key to engendering change in prisons, and collecting information on their skills and capacities, will not only catalyse change and collaborative action but more importantly create momentum needed to address the ailing Criminal Justice System of India. Details: New Dehli, India: Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 2008. 258p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 28, 2012 at http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/publications/prisons/community_participation_in_prisons.pdf Year: 2008 Country: India URL: http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/publications/prisons/community_participation_in_prisons.pdf Shelf Number: 124303 Keywords: Community ParticipationCorrections Administration (India)Faith-Based OrganizationsHuman RightsNGOsPrison Reform (India) |
Author: Kralstein, Dana Title: A Comprehensive Community Justice Model: An Evaluation of the Baltimore Community Justice Initiative Summary: This report evaluates an ambitious and comprehensive new community justice initiative implemented in two communities of Baltimore, Maryland beginning in late 2004. The initiative, funded by the Crane Family Foundation, aims to reach adults and youth alike, and seeks to incorporate a broad array of justice system agencies and community-based organizations. An important question is whether such a comprehensive model can produce a large and sustainable impact, both within its target communities and in the Baltimore City justice system as a whole. There were three principal components of the Baltimore Community Justice Initiative: focus on the justice system; school conflict resolution; and youth advocacy. Community Justice – Prosecution, Capacity-Building, and Collaboration This component encompassed three goals. The first goal was to develop a community prosecution project in the Hargrove District Court servicing the communities of Cherry Hill and Pigtown – and perhaps to lay the groundwork for a community court at some point in the future. The second goal was to strengthen the capacity of community organizations to become significant contributors to the ongoing discussion about justice in Baltimore. Lastly, the initiative intended to create a network of justice system and community stakeholders. During the evaluation period, from January of 2006 through August of 2007, the initiative team established a citywide network of almost 200 contacts throughout the criminal justice system as well as in the communities of Pigtown and Cherry Hill. This network met on a quarterly basis as a Task Force to discuss common issues. The team made inroads in the criminal justice community in Baltimore regarding support for the idea of a community court and gained the commitment of a State Senator to sponsor any legislation that might be required. Perhaps most significantly, the initiative helped to foster an environment that enabled other community justice projects to emerge throughout the city, including a prostitution task force, a community prosecution project, a community defense program, and the creation of the Office of Problem-Solving Courts within the Maryland judiciary. Lastly, a national symposium was held in March of 2007 at the University of Maryland School of Law to discuss community justice, engaging both local and national participants. The School of Law established itself as an effective convener. School Conflict Resolution As part of the community justice initiative, the Center for Dispute Resolution at the University of Maryland School of Law (C-DRUM) proposed to implement a demonstration project in conflict resolution at one specific school, the Southside Academy of Cherry Hill. The program was to consist of a peer mediation program, coupled with efforts to spread the philosophy and practice of alternative conflict resolution throughout the school. Beginning in the fall of 2005, C-DRUM staff began to implement the peer mediation model in Southside. The first mediation session took place in February of 2006, and a small number of other sessions were held in the course of the spring semester. Despite the efforts of C-DRUM staff, however, the peer mediation program never received the level of institutional support that was necessary from Southside Academy. In the spring of 2007, C-DRUM broke away from the Southside Academy and turned its attention to the Baltimore Freedom Academy (BFA), a high school that seemed more receptive to conflict resolution efforts. In March 2007, C-DRUM staff held a training for 13 students at the Baltimore Freedom Academy to become peer mediators. The mediation sessions began almost immediately, and 18 mediation sessions took place the first month of implementation. The students who participated in mediation sessions were surveyed at the end of the school year, and the results were mostly encouraging. In addition, a teacher survey was distributed in the spring of 2007, and teacher feedback was positive about the use of conflict management techniques within their classrooms. C-DRUM currently has plans to continue the peer mediation program as well as implement a more comprehensive conflict resolution program in the Baltimore Freedom Academy during the 2007-08 school year that would incorporate teacher training in classroom management techniques. Youth Advocacy The final component of the Baltimore Community Justice Initiative involved the piloting of a youth advocacy program within a school environment. The Community Law in Action Center (CLIA) at the University of Maryland School of Law planned to recruit a small number of teenagers to be trained in advocacy. This group of teenagers would then accompany CLIA into the Cherry Hill community to identify a specific youth safety concern on which to focus their advocacy project. Concurrent with the youth advocacy piece, CLIA would help the Southside Academy set up a youth court and a student government. However, late in the spring of 2006, the entire youth advocacy plan was rebuffed by the administration at the Southside Academy. In January of 2007, CLIA staff put together a new plan with three components: • The Youth Media Showcase was hosted by CLIA at the National Symposium on community justice at the University of Maryland School of Law. Youth from around the country were invited to send in video tapes of their vision of violence and self in the community. The youth media showcase was the opening event for Beginning in the fall of 2005, C-DRUM staff began to implement the peer mediation model in Southside. The first mediation session took place in February of 2006, and a small number of other sessions were held in the course of the spring semester. Despite the efforts of C-DRUM staff, however, the peer mediation program never received the level of institutional support that was necessary from Southside Academy. In the spring of 2007, C-DRUM broke away from the Southside Academy and turned its attention to the Baltimore Freedom Academy (BFA), a high school that seemed more receptive to conflict resolution efforts. In March 2007, C-DRUM staff held a training for 13 students at the Baltimore Freedom Academy to become peer mediators. The mediation sessions began almost immediately, and 18 mediation sessions took place the first month of implementation. The students who participated in mediation sessions were surveyed at the end of the school year, and the results were mostly encouraging. In addition, a teacher survey was distributed in the spring of 2007, and teacher feedback was positive about the use of conflict management techniques within their classrooms. C-DRUM currently has plans to continue the peer mediation program as well as implement a more comprehensive conflict resolution program in the Baltimore Freedom Academy during the 2007-08 school year that would incorporate teacher training in classroom management techniques. Youth Advocacy The final component of the Baltimore Community Justice Initiative involved the piloting of a youth advocacy program within a school environment. The Community Law in Action Center (CLIA) at the University of Maryland School of Law planned to recruit a small number of teenagers to be trained in advocacy. This group of teenagers would then accompany CLIA into the Cherry Hill community to identify a specific youth safety concern on which to focus their advocacy project. Concurrent with the youth advocacy piece, CLIA would help the Southside Academy set up a youth court and a student government. However, late in the spring of 2006, the entire youth advocacy plan was rebuffed by the administration at the Southside Academy. In January of 2007, CLIA staff put together a new plan with three components: • The Youth Media Showcase was hosted by CLIA at the National Symposium on community justice at the University of Maryland School of Law. Youth from around the country were invited to send in video tapes of their vision of violence and self in the community. The youth media showcase was the opening event for Beginning in the fall of 2005, C-DRUM staff began to implement the peer mediation model in Southside. The first mediation session took place in February of 2006, and a small number of other sessions were held in the course of the spring semester. Despite the efforts of C-DRUM staff, however, the peer mediation program never received the level of institutional support that was necessary from Southside Academy. In the spring of 2007, C-DRUM broke away from the Southside Academy and turned its attention to the Baltimore Freedom Academy (BFA), a high school that seemed more receptive to conflict resolution efforts. In March 2007, C-DRUM staff held a training for 13 students at the Baltimore Freedom Academy to become peer mediators. The mediation sessions began almost immediately, and 18 mediation sessions took place the first month of implementation. The students who participated in mediation sessions were surveyed at the end of the school year, and the results were mostly encouraging. In addition, a teacher survey was distributed in the spring of 2007, and teacher feedback was positive about the use of conflict management techniques within their classrooms. C-DRUM currently has plans to continue the peer mediation program as well as implement a more comprehensive conflict resolution program in the Baltimore Freedom Academy during the 2007-08 school year that would incorporate teacher training in classroom management techniques. Youth Advocacy The final component of the Baltimore Community Justice Initiative involved the piloting of a youth advocacy program within a school environment. The Community Law in Action Center (CLIA) at the University of Maryland School of Law planned to recruit a small number of teenagers to be trained in advocacy. This group of teenagers would then accompany CLIA into the Cherry Hill community to identify a specific youth safety concern on which to focus their advocacy project. Concurrent with the youth advocacy piece, CLIA would help the Southside Academy set up a youth court and a student government. However, late in the spring of 2006, the entire youth advocacy plan was rebuffed by the administration at the Southside Academy. In January of 2007, CLIA staff put together a new plan with three components: • The Youth Media Showcase was hosted by CLIA at the National Symposium on community justice at the University of Maryland School of Law. Youth from around the country were invited to send in video tapes of their vision of violence and self in the community. The youth media showcase was the opening event for the Symposium and was attended by more than 100 people. • Teen Leaders for Change was created in Cherry Hill by recruiting five to ten high school seniors from a different school, the New Era Academy, training them in advocacy, and then paying them to work in the community. CLIA taught the teens mapping skills and sent them out to survey the Cherry Hill neighborhood. They also linked the youth to a community-based mentoring program for kids at risk for gang involvement. • CLIA also recruited a group of youth for Pigtown advocacy. The youth were charged with walking the community streets to identify code violations, writing up their work into a report and giving a public presentation of their findings. Details: New York: Center for Court Innovation, 2007. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at: http://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/Baltimore_Eval.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/Baltimore_Eval.pdf Shelf Number: 125670 Keywords: Community Justice (Baltimore)Community ParticipationCommunity ProsecutionCommunity-Based ProgramsCriminal Justice SystemsDispute SettlementYouth Advocacy Programs |
Author: Victoria. Parliament. Drugs and cRime Prevention Committee Title: Inquiry Into Locally Based Approaches to Community Safety and Crime Prevention: Final Report Summary: The recent release of crime statistics in Victoria has shown that crime against the person has increased during the last year. Crime costs the community in a variety of ways. For example, the Australian Institute of Criminology found the cost of crime in Australia in 2005 to be nearly $36 billion per year. More recently a study by Professor Russell Smyth from Monash University conservatively estimated the cost of crime in Victoria 2009-2010 to be $9.8 billion. Given these statistics it is timely that the Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee has undertaken an inquiry into community safety and crime prevention. It should be noted at the outset however that this Inquiry has not been about individual crime prevention initiatives or specific areas of crime prevention such as family violence or alcohol related crime. Rather, the focus is about the processes and models through which effective crime prevention policy and programs can be developed and implemented at local level and the partnerships that can be formed to make this happen. The recommendations arising from this Report reflect this. Having said this the Committee received considerable evidence through submissions and witness testimony in Victoria and other parts of Australia that alcohol and drug misuse is one of the key drivers contributing to crime and antisocial behaviour and that accordingly measures need to be taken to address this. The Committee agrees that there is a definite place for criminal justice initiatives to deter and reduce offending and antisocial behaviours. However the concept of crime prevention cannot be narrowly circumscribed to traditional law and order approaches only. These approaches can be superficially attractive but they ignore the complex and multiple contributory factors that lead to criminal offending. Crime prevention strategies need to be based on social developmental, situational and environmental models approaches in addition to law enforcement measures. It is equally important to incorporate the concepts of community engagement, social capital and community capacity building into crime prevention policy and program implementation. Modern crime prevention and community engagement approaches are essentially about investing in safer, healthier and happier local communities. A key aspect of this Inquiry was examining local approaches to crime prevention including the role and work of Neighbourhood Watch within the community. The work of local government and community agencies therefore featured strongly throughout this Report. Much crime prevention theory and research indicates that initiatives developed and implemented at a local level are some of the best ways of reducing crime and antisocial behaviour. As most crime of immediate concern to communities is local (e.g. property crime, antisocial behaviour and alcohol related crime, vandalism etc.) then the primary focus for preventive action should also be local. As such the Committee has made recommendations to the overall structure of Community Crime Prevention in this state which will allow for greater local level and community collaboration as well as more easily facilitating input from experts. These recommendations will also provide for greater coordination across government. The Report and its recommendations address many of the complex challenges of crime prevention. The Committee is of the view that given this complexity of the task a ‘one size fits all’ approach is inappropriate in addressing the issues of crime and antisocial behaviour in Victoria. Details: Melbourne: Government Printer for State of Victoria, 2012. 376p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2012 at: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/Locally_Based_Approach_Crime_Prevention/dcpc.icp.finalreport.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/Locally_Based_Approach_Crime_Prevention/dcpc.icp.finalreport.pdf Shelf Number: 125684 Keywords: Communities and CrimeCommunity Crime PreventionCommunity ParticipationCommunity SafetyCrime (Australia)Crime Prevention |
Author: Barton, Bridget Title: Perceptions of Crime in the St. Paul Promise Neighborhood Summary: The purpose of this project was to explore perceptions of crime in the St. Paul Promise Neighborhood and compare them with reported crime. We utilized focus groups to identify resident perceptions of which areas in the Promise Neighborhood are safe and which are unsafe. These perceptions were mapped by each individual focus group participant, aggregated into one overall map, and then overlaid on reported crime data maps from the City of St. Paul Police Department. The Promise Neighborhood initiative in St. Paul, MN, encompasses a 250-block area that includes the Frogtown Neighborhood and part of the Summit University Neighborhood. This initiative is a collective effort to create “a community where all children succeed in school and life.” (Strong Schools, Strong Communities: Saint Paul Public Schools Strategic Plan 2011-2014, 2010). The St. Paul Public School system is in the process of transitioning from a school choice model to a community schools model, which encourages students to attend schools near where they live (Ibid.). This change will have a significant impact on how students travel to and from school; parents in this area must have confidence that safe pathways to school are available for their children. Equally important when considering perceptions of crime is the feeling of overall safety for residents, which affects the willingness of residents to use public spaces and interact with neighbors. Results from the focus group and mapping activities indicate that resident perceptions are on target in some areas, but more frequently, residents perceive the Promise Neighborhood to be more unsafe than the reported crime rates reveal. Several areas were specified as unsafe when they had a relatively lower rate of reported crime from the city of St. Paul. Conversely, of the four blocks in the neighborhood with the highest rates of crime, only one of the blocks was indicated to be unsafe by more than a few focus group participants. There were limitations of this study, namely, the small sample size and the short amount of time available for research. Focus groups were conducted at already established community meetings, so the number of participants was dependent upon those who attended each meeting. This research project was conducted in three months from start to finish. Researchers were only able to scratch the surface of neighborhood crime perceptions, leading focus groups at only three community meetings. This research finds that strengthened neighborhood relationships will bridge the gap between perceived crime and reported crime. The results of this research recommend further work in building neighborhood ties between the Promise Neighborhood initiative and residents, in an effort to reach more residents in the neighborhood. Relationships between residents should be supported to build neighborhood cohesion and trust, with special focus on activities that will encourage sharing and helping between neighbors. Neighborhood cohesion will enhance positive perceptions of the neighborhood by residents and encourage everyone to feel responsible for public spaces. Finally, relationships between residents and institutional service organizations in the area, such as the police, city, and garbage service, should be strengthened to promote trust and to demonstrate the dedication of the institutions to the neighborhood. Details: Minneapolis, MN: The Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs The University of Minnesota, 2012. 40. Source: Internet Resource: MPP and MURP Capstone Paper; Accessed October 1, 2012 at: http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/123486/1/Barton_Perceptions%20of%20Crime%20in%20the%20St%20Paul%20Promise%20Neighborhood.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/123486/1/Barton_Perceptions%20of%20Crime%20in%20the%20St%20Paul%20Promise%20Neighborhood.pdf Shelf Number: 126528 Keywords: Community ParticipationNeighborhoods and Crime (St. Paul, Minnesota)Urban Areas |
Author: Crandall, Vaughn Title: Practice Brief: Call-In Preparation and Execution Summary: The National Network for Safe Communities’ Group Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS), also known as “Operation Ceasefire,” has repeatedly demonstrated that serious violence can be dramatically reduced when law enforcement, community members, and social services providers join together to directly engage with violent street groups to clearly communicate (1) a law enforcement message that future violence will be met with clear and predictable consequences, (2) a community moral message that violence will no longer be tolerated, and (3) a genuine offer of help to those who want it. The strategy’s central tool to communicate these messages is a call-in—a face-to-face meeting between GVRS representatives and street group members. Practice Brief: Call-In Preparation and Execution is intended to help law enforcement, community, and social services partners already engaged in implementing GVRS to design, prepare, and execute their first and subsequent call-ins. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2012. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2012 at: http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=723721 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=723721 Shelf Number: 127086 Keywords: Community Crime PreventionCommunity ParticipationCommunity-Oriented PolicingViolence Prevention (U.S.)Violence Reduction StrategiesViolent Crime |
Author: Roe, Dilys Title: Community Management of Natural Resources in Africa: Impacts, Experiences and Future Directions Summary: Across sub-Saharan Africa, natural resources remain central to rural people’s livelihoods. Local norms and customs shape people’s everyday forms of resource use. In contrast, the commercial uses of natural resources often remain highly centralized, conditioned by government policies of the colonial and post-colonial eras. During the past several decades, there has been a shift from this predominantly centralized natural resource management towards more devolved models known very broadly as Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). CBNRM models work to strengthen locally accountable institutions for natural resource use and management, enabling local groups of people to make better decisions about the use of land and resources. Because it involves the transfer of authority over natural resources to local communities, including of potentially valuable resources such as wildlife and timber, CBNRM is often about major institutional reforms and fundamental changes in power. This pan-African review of the impacts, challenges, and future directions of CBNRM highlights the diverse range of forms of community involvement in natural resource management that have emerged across the continent during the past twenty years. CBNRM means different things to different actors in different places across sub-Saharan Africa. In much of western and central Africa, CBNRM is interpreted by government authorities, donor agencies, and NGOs as benefit-sharing or outreach between national parks and adjacent communities. In such instances communities are not empowered as authorized local resource managers but are involved principally as passive recipients of benefits controlled elsewhere. This form of outreach and benefit-sharing is also a characteristic of some protected area management in East African countries. In Southern Africa, CBNRM is most clearly defined in terms of the devolution of rights to make management decisions, and capture benefits, in relation to resources located on communal lands. In all instances CBNRM involves some degree of co-management of resources between central authorities, local government, and local communities which share rights and responsibilities through diverse institutional arrangements. The various forms of CBNRM and their many locally-specific adaptations have greatly diversified approaches to natural resource governance in sub-Saharan Africa. Some notable ecological, economic, and institutional achievements have been documented. Details: London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2009. 207p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2013 at: http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17503IIED.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Africa URL: http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17503IIED.pdf Shelf Number: 128597 Keywords: Community ParticipationEnvironmental ConservationForest ManagementNatural Resources (Africa)Wildlife Management |
Author: Jacobson, Jessica Title: Crime and 'Community': Exploring the Scope for Community Involvement in Criminal Justice Summary: The promotion of 'community engagement' has been a significant and consistent theme within public policy in the United Kingdom since the late 1990s. It is a theme that, under both the Labour administration of 1997 to 2010 and the current Coalition government, has cross-cut many spheres of public policy, including criminal justice policy. The term 'community engagement' is broad and subject to differing definitions; it also overlaps with many other public policy concepts. These include community empowerment; community involvement; social action; civic or civil renewal; co-production; and active citizenship. Another related term - albeit one that has largely fallen into disuse since 2012 - is 'the Big Society', which encompassed Prime Minister David Cameron's vision of an active civil society against a backdrop of sweeping public sector spending cuts. The common thread running through all these policy concepts is the aim of fostering within communities more mutual trust, a greater sense of collective self-interest and a greater preparedness to act in this self-interest. 'Community justice' refers to the intersection between community engagement and criminal justice. It encapsulates the idea that local communities which have mutual trust and a sense of collective self-interest can and should play an active part in addressing problems of crime and disorder. This report undertakes a close and rigorous analysis of the concept of community justice. Specifically, it addresses the following three questions: - How has central government, since Labour came to power in 1997, perceived the role of local communities in tackling crime and disorder? - How do the members of local communities perceive their own role in tackling crime and disorder? - To what extent do government aspirations for community justice match those of the general public, and what are the main areas of discord between governmental and public expectations? We have addressed these questions by the following means: - A review of policy developments under the preceding and current government relating to community engagement in general and community justice in particular. - A review of existing data on volunteering and political and civic participation among the general public. - Empirical research into the scope and nature of community activism in four deprived neighbourhoods in north-east London, Bristol, Nottingham and south Wales. Details: London: Institute for Criminal Policy Research, University of London, 2014. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 2, 2015 at: http://www.icpr.org.uk/media/37409/Community%20Justice%20report%2013%204%2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.icpr.org.uk/media/37409/Community%20Justice%20report%2013%204%2014.pdf Shelf Number: 132597 Keywords: Community JusticeCommunity ParticipationNeighborhoods and Crime |
Author: Radcliffe, Polly Title: The development and impact of community services for women offenders: an evaluation Summary: This evaluation examined six services developed in third sector partnerships for women offenders in the community. The study was designed to capture best practice in services which were known to be at risk of funding cuts. The research which included interviews with staff, stakeholders and service users, examination of project documents and the collection of monitoring data, took place in 2011/2012, one year into an initiative to extend the limited network of 'one stop shop' services for low risk women offenders. A number of evaluations had already established the value of providing holistic services to women offenders in women-only settings, particularly for those who have suffered sexual and physical violence. There has however continued to be a shortage of evidence about the impact of these services on reoffending outcomes. As we describe, a combination of factors, including a lack of any common measurement system, has meant that reoffending data have not been consistently collected in the services that took part in our evaluation. We make recommendations for ways in which such services might in the future map women's interim progress; progress that is so richly described in the qualitative accounts of service users, staff and stakeholders. In many ways this evaluation charts the opening of a 'policy window' that we very much hope will not be closed in the new environment of Payment by Results contracts in England and Wales. Deaths of women in custody; lobbying by campaigning groups and charitable organisations; the publication of a series of influential reports describing the exponential rise in the imprisonment of low-risk women offenders and an increasing body of evidence that showed that such imprisonment served to exacerbate the psychological strain, substance misuse and anguish that accompanies so much of women's offending, had created a consensus that made government action possible. Short-term government funds were found for the extension of an existing model of one-stop-shop service for low-risk women offenders. The new network of services was developed in hastily constructed third sector/statutory sector partnerships with the hope that they would become integrated into mainstream commissioning arrangements. As we will show, these new services have been innovative in their linking of third and statutory sector, criminal justice, health and welfare and women-specific agencies. They have achieved much within short timescales and in many ways have presented new challenges in multiagency working. In the current climate of economic austerity and belt tightening, we hope that our report will provide evidence of how such challenges can be overcome and contribute to existing learning on the provision of services for women offenders in the community. Details: London: The Institute for Criminal Policy Research, School of Law, Birkbeck College, 2013. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 24, 2014 at: http://www.icpr.org.uk/media/34025/ReportNuffieldfinal.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.icpr.org.uk/media/34025/ReportNuffieldfinal.pdf Shelf Number: 133406 Keywords: Community OrganizationsCommunity ParticipationFemale Offenders (U.K.)Gender Specific ResponsesOffender Rehabilitation |
Author: Australia. Auditor General Title: Northern Territory night patrols Summary: . Safe and functional communities assist in addressing Indigenous disadvantage by providing an environment where individual and family wellbeing is fostered. Impediments to achieving this goal can include alcohol and substance abuse, violence (including domestic violence), youth unsupervised at night, mental health problems, property damage, and family feuds. A related community safety issue is the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the justice system and the subsequent impact on individuals and families. These issues are inextricably linked with other social and economic factors affecting Indigenous communities. Accordingly, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) has strongly emphasised the role that safe and functional communities can play in Closing the Gap on Indigenous disadvantage, and various Australian governments have made commitments to action in this area. 2. Night patrols are community-based intervention initiatives which seek to improve personal and community safety in Aboriginal communities across the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory Night Patrols Program is administered by the Attorney-Generals Department (AGD) as part of the broader Indigenous Justice Program (IJP). The IJP operates nationally and its primary objective is to reduce the numbers of Indigenous Australians coming into adverse contact with the criminal justice system. A key strategy of the IJP is to use cultural knowledge and identity in its implementation. 3. Night patrols originated in the Northern Territory as a community-generated response to improving safety by preventing anti-social behaviour within Aboriginal communities. One of the first night patrol services was established by Julalikari Council during the 1980s to patrol areas in and around Tennant Creek. These patrols were originally staffed by volunteers with the aims of resolving problems in town camps, settling disputes, and supporting and assisting local police in their dealings with the community. From these beginnings in the Northern Territory, the concept of night patrols spread to other Indigenous communities in Western Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. Subsequently, the Australian Government established program arrangements to support the operation of night patrols across a larger number of communities. Details: Barton, ACT: Australian National Audit Office, 2011. 126p. Source: Internet Resource: Audit Report no. 32 2010-11: Accessed March 2, 2015 at: http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Documents/2010%2011_report_32.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Documents/2010%2011_report_32.pdf Shelf Number: 134735 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCommunity Crime PreventionCommunity ParticipationCommunity SafetyIndigenous Peoples (Australia)Night Patrols |
Author: Ramirez, Debbie A. Title: Developing partnerships between law enforcement and American Muslim, Arab, and Sikh communities: a promising practices guide Summary: The Partnering for Prevention and Community Safety Initiative (PfP) grew out of a series of conversations among American Muslim, Arab, and Sikh communities, and among federal, state, and local law enforcement leaders, that began in the fall of 2001. After the attacks of September 11th, leaders in the Muslim, Arab, and Sikh communities realized a critical need to define themselves as distinctly American communities who, like all Americans, had every desire to help prevent another terrorist attack. It was, as many have noted, their time in history. However, these communities also had the added burden of both guarding their civil liberties from heightened security measures and protecting their children, their homes, and their places of worship from hate crimes and hate incidents. To achieve these goals these communities began to prioritize law enforcement outreach efforts. At the same time law enforcement recognized that the tools used prior to September 11th were inadequate to the new post-September 11th task. Although traditional investigative tools had been useful in achieving a quick and thorough response to September 11th, law enforcement needed enhanced tools to effectively prevent future acts of terror. Specifically, September 11th reinforced the idea that for law enforcement agencies to effectively prevent future acts of terrorism, it would require the cooperation and assistance of the American Muslim, Arab, and Sikh communities. Embedded within these communities are the linguistic skills, information, and cultural insights necessary to assist law enforcement in its efforts to identify suspicious behavior. In order to have access to these critical tools and information, law enforcement recognized the need to build the bridges required for effective communication with these groups. In the fall of 2002, members of the future PfP research team came together at Northeastern University to pursue mechanisms for moving this discussion about institutionalizing partnerships forward into action. In order to assist with the development of partnerships, the team decided to research 1) the benefits of these proposed partnerships; 2) the challenges posed by this partnership model; 3) case studies of these partnerships in action; and, ultimately, 4) the "promising practices" that can be utilized by sites interested in pursuing this model. The PfP research was conducted from May 2003 to May 2004 and was based on three sites: Southeastern Michigan, Southern California, and Greater Boston. Guidance and input from national partners in Washington, DC was another critical piece of the research plan. These research sites were chosen because of their experience in developing preliminary partnerships between communities and local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, the presence of major terrorism or hate crime investigations, and/or because significant numbers of Arab, Muslim and Sikh community members indicated an interest in participating in the study. These communities were chosen because both law enforcement and the perpetrators of hate crimes were (and in some cases still are) focused on individuals who share or are perceived to share1 characteristics with the September 11th hijackers. Specific research participants were initially identified through national organizations. Local chapters of these organizations then directed the team toward other interested community members, who were also asked to participate. On the law enforcement side, key federal, state, and local agencies were contacted in each of the three sites. Over the course of the year, PfP visited the three sites and conducted numerous focus groups, personal interviews, and discussions with community and law enforcement members. After these visits, the team continued to communicate with project participants through emails, letters, faxes, and phone calls. All project participants were given the opportunity to review a draft version of the relevant section of the report to help ensure its accuracy. As a culmination of this research, the Promising Practices Guide aims to demonstrate the research findings that: 1) The goals of the American Muslim, Arab, and Sikh communities and law enforcement are not in conflict and can in fact be achieved simultaneously; 2) The most effective model for simultaneously addressing community and law enforcement concerns is through institutionalized partnerships; and 3) While there are significant challenges to achieving these partnerships, they are not only possible but also necessary for both community safety and terrorism prevention. While this work is by no means comprehensive, it does reflect the experience of a wide range of community and law enforcement representatives. Both in terms of studying additional sites and contacting more community organizations and law enforcement entities, there is still much work in this arena to be done. The hope is that this guide will serve as the beginning of an ongoing dialogue and the catalyst for new programming and training focused on the initiation, development, and strengthening of partnerships. This research will continue and can be followed by accessing PfP's website at www.ace.neu.edu/pfp. Details: Boston: Northeastern University, Partnering for Prevention & Community Safety Initiative, 2004. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 11, 2015 at: http://iris.lib.neu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=pfp_pubs Year: 2004 Country: United States URL: http://iris.lib.neu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=pfp_pubs Shelf Number: 134905 Keywords: Community Crime PreventionCommunity ParticipationCommunity-Oriented ProgramsCrime Prevention Programs (U.S.)Minority GroupsPartnershipsPolice-Citizen InteractionsPolice-Community RelationsTerrorism |
Author: Muir, Rick Title: Everyday justice: Mobilising the power of victims, communities and public services to reduce crime Summary: This report argues for reforms to the way the criminal justice system deals with victims, communities and offenders, in order to repair the everyday relationships damaged by crime and social exclusion. Crime is both a cause and a consequence of a breakdown in relationships: a lack of positive family and wider social relationships very often lies behind offending behaviour, while crime itself damages relationships, harming victims and fostering fear and mistrust within communities. Yet our criminal justice system does very little to repair the relationships that are damaged by crime and social exclusion. The system is set up as a confrontation between the state and the accused, rather than providing for direct reparation between the victim and the offender; it also gives local communities very little role in achieving justice and tackling the causes of crime. Furthermore, rather than providing the kind of consistent relationships with professionals that would aid rehabilitation, the system passes offenders between a range of different agencies, with too many falling between the cracks. This report proposes means to tackle the everyday, high-volume but relatively low-harm offences that make up the vast majority of crimes by mobilising the collective power of all relevant actors and institutions to ensure reparation for harm done and rehabilitation for the offender. Its recommendations cover three areas. - Offering greater direct reparation from offenders to their victims, including a right to restorative justice, to improve victims' confidence in the system while helping to reduce reoffending by bringing home to the offender the damage they have caused. - Fostering greater community involvement in the justice system, particularly through neighbourhood justice panels, to secure greater public confidence in the courts. - Providing offenders with the kind of stable and consistent relationships with criminal justice professionals that the evidence tells us are likely to promote desistance from crime, by making the justice system more integrated, and placing all young adult offenders aged 18-21 under the responsibility of the successful local youth offending teams. Details: London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2014. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 19, 2015 at: http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/publications/pdf/Everyday-justice_Jul2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/publications/pdf/Everyday-justice_Jul2014.pdf Shelf Number: 134980 Keywords: Community ParticipationCriminal Justice Reform (U.K.)Offender RehabilitationRestorative JusticeVictim-Offender Mediation |
Author: Australian Multicultural Council Title: The Australian Community. The Australian Multicultural Council's report on multiculturalism and social cohesion in Australian neighbourhoods Summary: Multiculturalism is a key feature of Australia as a modern liberal democracy. Australian multiculturalism entails actively supporting and maintaining diversity, an equal emphasis on rights and responsibilities, and a focus on democratic values of participation, inclusion, fairness, and justice. There are no special entitlements afforded under our current multicultural policy. All Australians have the same basic rights to practice and maintain their cultural heritage, traditions and language within the law and free from discrimination. In turn all Australians are expected to be loyal to Australia, obey its laws, and to become self-reliant citizens who contribute to the social and economic life of our nation. Compared with the widespread incidence of unrest that has characterised many countries around the world, Australian society has remained peaceful, harmonious and remarkably resilient. This broadly positive picture is supported by both national and international research. The latest research from the Scanlon Foundation's Mapping Social Cohesion series states that 84 per cent of Australians support multiculturalism, and social cohesion is strong at the national level. Yet indicators at the community level, particularly in neighbourhoods of high cultural diversity and low socioeconomic status, are significantly below the national average. This is reflected in: lower levels of trust, sense of safety, political participation, involvement in volunteer work, and higher levels of discrimination. Pockets of social and economic disadvantage, especially when tied to low levels of social cohesion, can have long term implications for productivity, prosperity and community harmony. The opportunity therefore exists for a more targeted focus on neighbourhoods and groups which experience lower levels of social cohesion, with attendant strategies to build trust, civic engagement, community resilience and a positive culture of hope, reward and opportunity. Details: Sydney(?):Australian Multicultural Council, 2013. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 25, 2015 at: http://www.crc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/22965/The_Australian_Community.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.crc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/22965/The_Australian_Community.pdf Shelf Number: 135008 Keywords: Community ParticipationMinority Groups (Australia)Partnerships |
Author: Nilson, Chad Title: Risk-Driven Collaborative Intervention: A Preliminary Impact Assessment of Community Mobilization Price Albert's Hub Model Summary: The purpose of this report is to provide a preliminary assessment of the impact that Community Mobilization Prince Albert's (CMPA) Hub has on acutely-elevated risk, and on the efforts of human service professionals to address the composite needs of individuals who are experiencing elevated risk. Common themes to be addressed in this report include overall challenges, successes and general lessons learned through the community mobilization experience in Prince Albert. The report concludes with an outline of opportunities for future research and evaluation in community mobilization as well as a list of recommendations for improving the Hub model. In describing the Hub model, this report begins with a historical overview of the development of Prince Albert' Hub. Key contributions to this development include: --Global findings from the Institute for Strategic International Studies revealed that accounting for both risk factors and partnerships can help build capacity in policing (ISIS, 2008; 2009). -- Locally, the Prince Albert Police Service (2009) identified a need for change in community safety because the status quo was not working. A front-end approach to crime reduction that involved collaboration among multiple service providers appeared to be most promising. -- The Future of Policing Strategy identified the need for policing in Saskatchewan to align, integrate and mobilize with other human service agencies (Taylor, 2010). -- Observations of the Scotland Violence Reduction Unit by key police and human service professionals from Prince Albert, verified that a collaborative risk-driven intervention model has great potential in their community (McFee & Taylor 2014). -- Evidence compiled by the Saskatchewan Police and Partners Strategy suggested that collaborative risk-driven interventions were both promising and possible in Saskatchewan; and that nearly all human service sectors within the Government of Saskatchewan should become involved in community mobilization (SPPS Enterprise Group, 2011). -- In February of 2011, the Prince Albert Hub was formed as a multi-disciplinary team that meets twice weekly for the identification, rapid development and immediate deployment of real-time interventions and short-term opportunities to address emerging problems, risk conditions and crime prevention opportunities identified and brought forward from the frontline operations of all participating agencies that comprise CMPA. Details: Saskatoon, SK: Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science and Justice Studies, University of Saskatchewan, 2014. 125p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2015 at: http://saskbprc.com/images/content/pdf/FINALHubPIAMay2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: http://saskbprc.com/images/content/pdf/FINALHubPIAMay2014.pdf Shelf Number: 135154 Keywords: Community CollaborationCommunity ParticipationCrime Prevention (Canada)Police-Community InteractionsPolice-Community Relations |
Author: Muggah, Robert Title: Mapping citizen security interventions in Latin America: reviewing the evidence Summary: A combination of global, regional and local threats facing Latin Americans have given rise to an array of security responses. Some intervention strategies are heavy-handed and focused on restoring law and order, while others emphasise a wide array of preventive measures and are intended to support social cohesion. A wide range of these latter interventions - described here as citizen security interventions - are being pursued across Latin America at different levels of scale and by a variety of organisations. Citizen security entails the delivery of effective public safety measures in the context of broader democratic norms. This report considers how citizen security interventions have been operationalised across Latin America. It presents findings from a database that assembles more than 1,300 citizen security interventions across the region since the late 1990s and detects a dramatic increase in the frequency of such interventions. It also notes that a few countries account for the vast majority of interventions and that most of them occur at the national (as opposed to the regional or city) level. Details: Oslo: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, 2013. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2015 at: http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/59e5fcbe134279fd1c80bf940d4f45e4.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Latin America URL: http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/59e5fcbe134279fd1c80bf940d4f45e4.pdf Shelf Number: 135252 Keywords: Civilian Private SecurityCommunity ParticipationCrime Prevention (Latin America) |
Author: Graves, Kelly N. Title: Guilford County Gang Assessment: OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Assessment Summary: Gang violence has been identified as a national priority among the federal justice system and communities alike. The nation's youth gang problem is tracked by the National Youth Gang Surveys (NYGS) across the United States (US). The NYGS has identified that all larger cities (population over 100,000) have experienced gang problems in some form or another. As the figure below published by the National Youth Gang Survey Analysis depicts, while gang problems decreased in the early part of the decade, we are beginning to see a resurgence of gangs toward the later part of the decade. However, a central question remains: What are the activities of those gangs in local areas? Understanding these activity dynamics at a local level is essential for strategic planning and local intervention to address the problem. To support the strategic development at a local level, the US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provided funding for hundreds of local communities nationwide to conduct an in-depth assessment on the local youth gang dynamics within their respective communities. Specifically, OJJDP recommends the implementation of a five-step model that ultimately leads to the understanding of the nature, dynamic, and intervention points to address youth gangs and related crime at a local level. These five strategies include: 1. Community mobilization: Involvement of local citizens, including former gang youth, community groups and agencies, and the coordination of programs and staff functions within and across agencies. 2. Opportunities provision: The development of a variety of specific education, training, and employment programs targeted at gang-involved youth. 3. Social intervention: Youth-serving agencies, schools, grassroots groups, faith-based organizations, police agencies, and other criminal justice organizations reaching out and acting as links to gang-involved youth, their families, and the conventional world and needed services. 4. Suppression: Formal and informal social control procedures, including close supervision or monitoring of gang youth by agencies of the criminal justice system and by community-based agencies, schools, and grassroots groups. 5. Organizational change and development: Development and implementation of policies and procedures that result in the most effective use of available and potential resources, within and across agencies, to better address the gang problem. The OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model holds that "neither social disorganization, underclass, nor poverty theory alone explains the scope and nature of youth delinquency or criminal gang association and gang crime. Social disorganization or lack of integration of essential elements of a local community system provides the basic stimulus for the formation of youth gangs. Lack of legitimate opportunity and the presence of alternative criminal opportunities are more likely to explain the character and scope of gang behavior" (Spergel, 1995). While youth in this age group are most likely to be engaged in or at risk of committing serious or violent gang crimes, the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model focuses primarily on youth gang members under 22 years of age, based on OJJDP's authorizing legislation. Motorcycle gangs, prison gangs, ideological gangs, and hate groups comprising primarily adults are excluded from the definition. In Guilford County, North Carolina, the OJJDP Gang Assessment is part of a larger community wide initiative to reduce youth gang activity. Three central programmatic partners (Youth Focus, Inc., One Step Further, and Guilford County Court Alternatives) comprised a steering committee and selected the University of North Carolina at Greensboros (UNCG) Center for Youth, Family, and Community Partnerships (CYFCP) to lead the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Assessment efforts. UNCG/CYFCP worked closely with the steering committee as well as with the local Juvenile Crime Prevention Council (JCPC) in developing the local strategy. Additional key partners included Guilford County law enforcement offices, Guilford County School students and staff, community leaders and members, parents and youth, current and ex-gang members, as well as an array of youth-serving community organizations and agencies currently addressing gang prevention. Assessment activities were based on the (OJJDP) Comprehensive Gang Model and Assessment Guide available at http://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Comprehensive-Gang- Model/Assessment-Guide. A summary of each of the completed assessment activities is provided below: Understanding the Community Composition: UNCG staff collected county-wide demographic information based on race, gender, age, income, poverty rates, employment status, educational attainment, teen birth rates, child abuse and neglect reports, and other categories of interest as suggested by the OJJDP model. Understanding Law Enforcement Data Collection: UNCG partnered with local law enforcement jurisdictions to understand active gangs in their jurisdictions as well as gang-related crime across a one-year period. Crime data were compiled in an electronic database for analysis and gang-related incidents were be mapped using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping software. School Data Collection: UNCG gathered publically available Guilford County School data and worked with school representatives to ensure its accuracy. Community Perceptions Data: UNCG developed a series of surveys using OJJDP templates, including 1) Youth Perception Survey; 2) Community Resident Survey; and 3) School Resource Officer Survey. Surveys were available in both English and Spanish. In addition, Gang Member Interviews were provided by one of our partner agencies (One Step Further). Community Resources Data Collection: UNCG created and distributed a Community Program Profile survey, based on the OJJDP template, which was disseminated by the Project Team to neighborhood associations, community-service organizations, faith-based organizations, and service providers who are youth-serving throughout Guilford County. UNCG compiled the surveys and will enter them into OJJDP Web-based Community Resource Inventory database (https://www.iir.com/nygc/tool/default.htm) on behalf of Guilford County. The results of each element of the Guilford County Comprehensive Gang Assessment are described throughout this report. The report is broken up into Chapters that can be used either separately as individual documents, or combined for use as a comprehensive report for Guilford County. Details: Greensboro, NC: Center for Youth, Family, and Community Partnerships, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2010. 327p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed May 23, 2015 at: http://cyfcp.uncg.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/OJJDPGuilfordCountyGangAssessment_Final_Version3_with_appendices.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://cyfcp.uncg.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/OJJDPGuilfordCountyGangAssessment_Final_Version3_with_appendices.pdf Shelf Number: 135760 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity-Based ProgramsGang-Related ViolenceGangsYouth Gangs |
Author: Steele, Paul D. Title: The Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative in Albuquerque: Project Activities and Research Results Summary: The Strategic Alternatives to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) was established by the U.S. Department of Justice in 1998. Implemented in ten cities, SACSI was a coordinated effort to reduce and prevent firearm and firearm-related violent crime. The initiative was notable for its innovative organization and approach. First, SACSI relied upon the participation of a core group of decision makers in each SACSI service area. These decision makers included local, state and federal law enforcement, prosecutorial, and corrections personnel as well as service providers and representatives from the community. Together, they constituted a working group that was charged with the responsibility of implementing new and potentially effective approaches to dealing with crime in the area served by the initiative. Second, the working group was supported by the U.S. Attorney's Office, which was charged with the responsibility of facilitating and coordinating the working group's efforts. The U.S. Attorney's Office also had the opportunity to provide resources to local violence reduction strategies, and served as a member agency in the working group. Third, a research partner also supported the working group. The research partner's role included providing information concerning general crime patterns in the community, more focused analysis in support of strategic and tactical planning, knowledge concerning best practices for reducing gun violence, and assessment of local efforts to deal with violent crime. Ten cities were selected as SACSI sites; the first five (Indianapolis, Memphis, New Haven, Portland, and Winston-Salem) were funded in 1998, and the second five (Albuquerque, Atlanta, Detroit, Rochester, and St. Louis) were funded in 2000. From the perspective of the research partner, this report describes SACSI in the Albuquerque service area, which consists of Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Of particular note is the evolution of the local SACSI effort, including the development of the working group and various project initiatives in the community. Also highlighted are findings of research about criminal activities in the community, criminal justice responses to crime, and assessment of SACSI initiatives. To address these topics, the report is organized into four sections. The current section is comprised of three chapters. The current chapter concludes with a review of relevant literature concerning firearm, firearm-related, and other violent crime that was useful in orienting the project. Chapter II describes the development and implementation of the SACSI working group and initiatives in the Albuquerque service area, and Chapter III discusses research activities in the service area. The next section of the report describes crime offender, victim and crime episode patterns within the service area, highlighting trends and spatial distribution of serious violent crimes. It also covers the movement of homicide and aggravated assault cases in the service area reported to or detected by the police through the criminal justice system. Section three describes and assesses the various SACSI initiatives implemented in the community to respond to violent crime. The report concludes with a final section summarizing the findings and making recommendations for future activities. Details: Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Criminal Justice Analysis Center, Institute for Social Research, University of New Mexico, 2005. 333p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2015 at: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2005/sacsi.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United States URL: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2005/sacsi.pdf Shelf Number: 135762 Keywords: Community ParticipationFirearms and CrimeGang-Related ViolenceGangsGun-Related ViolenceGunsHomicidesViolent Crime |
Author: Hann, Cheryl Title: Creating Change: Mobilising New Zealand Communities to Prevent Family Violence Summary: Key Messages - Community mobilisation is a complex and long-term approach but has the potential to transform communities. - Principles of community mobilisation include: a social change perspective; whole community engagement; collaboration; being community-led; and, a vision for - better world. - Community mobilisation approaches make theoretical and practical sense. As a recent approach, the necessary components of community mobilisation are still emerging, and projects are learning as they go. - Supporting this work to develop requires thinking in new ways from all involved, from funders and policy makers to NGO leaders, practitioners and community members. - It also requires some different and sustained investment in coordination roles, workforce development, and new leadership skills. - Internationally, there are a few examples which show promise in terms of effectiveness, and there are also promising NZ initiatives. However most have not been evaluated. There must be investment in research and evaluation to learn more about what works to create change. - Findings from international projects indicate that CM efforts can result in substantial reductions in violence in relatively short periods of time, e.g. 2-3 years. Details: Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of Auckland, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 8: Accessed May 26, 2015 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-8-creating-change-2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 135784 Keywords: Community ParticipationFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceViolence Prevention |
Author: Kennedy, David M. Title: Custom Notifications: Individualized Communication in the Group Violence Intervention Summary: The National Network for Safe Communities' Group Violence Intervention (GVI) has repeatedly demonstrated that serious violence can be reduced when law enforcement, community members, and social service providers join together to engage directly with violent street groups and clearly communicate (1) a credible, moral message against violence; (2) a credible law enforcement message about the group consequences of further violence; and (3) a genuine offer of help for those who want it. Custom Notifications: Individualized Communication in the Group Violence Intervention provides practical information about "custom notifications," an independent element of GVI that enables quick, tactical, direct communication to particular group members. Custom notifications articulate that group members are valued members of the community, give individualized information about their legal risk, and offer opportunities for help. They effectively interrupt group "beefs," avoid retaliation after incidents, calm outbreaks of violence, and reinforce the GVI message. This publication presents the custom notification process, explains its value within the broader strategy, details its use by several national practitioners, and encourages further development. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2014. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed June 4, 2015 at: http://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p304-pub.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p304-pub.pdf Shelf Number: 135904 Keywords: CommunicationsCommunity ParticipationViolence PreventionViolent Crime |
Author: Bembenek, Tyler Title: Reclaiming the Urban Jungle: Empowering Local Communities to Foster Security Summary: With few resources to provide services and security, many governments struggle to maintain control over rapidly growing urban districts and subsequently abandon impoverished areas as "no-go zones." Lacking government presence, these districts are hotbeds of radicalism, terrorism, and narcotics trafficking, threatening U.S. national security. Washington should combat no-go zones by building community resilience, providing the necessary guidance, technical assistance, and financial support to empower grassroots security initiatives. This assistance should be based on a co-design methodology, in which the United States works closely with local governments and communities to design and implement policy solutions. Although programs should be adopted on a case-by-case basis, community policing, community courts, and title reform are widely applicable. Details: Williamsburg, VA: The Project on International Peace and Security (PIPS), Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations, The College of William and Mary, 2014. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Brief No. 6.1: Accessed August 13, 2015 at: http://www.wm.edu/offices/itpir/pips/_documents/pips/2013-2014/Reclaiming_Urban_Jungle_Bembenek.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.wm.edu/offices/itpir/pips/_documents/pips/2013-2014/Reclaiming_Urban_Jungle_Bembenek.pdf Shelf Number: 136393 Keywords: Community InvolvementCommunity ParticipationCrime PreventionUrban Areas |
Author: Schanzer, David Title: The Challenge and Promise of Using Community Policing Strategies to Prevent Violent Extremism: A Call for Community Partnerships with Law Enforcement to Enhance Public Safety Summary: More than four years ago, the White House issued a national strategy calling for the development of partnerships between police and communities to counter violent extremism. This report contains the results of a comprehensive assessment of the challenges and promise of this strategic approach to preventing violent extremism. It is based on a nationwide survey of law enforcement agencies and hundreds of hours of interviews and site visits with police departments and community members around the country. Based on this research, we reached two fundamental conclusions. First, policing agencies face multiple obstacles to creating community partnerships focused on preventing acts of violent extremism. But, second, some policing agencies are following a set of promising practices which, if applied effectively, can result in increasing trust between the police and the communities they serve. These trusting relationships can serve as a platform for addressing many public safety threats, including, but not limited to, violent extremism. Policing agencies are unlikely to be successful in creating partnerships to address violent extremism until they establish trusting relationships with the communities they serve. This is especially true with respect to Muslim American communities, which have experienced significant trauma since 9/11 and have deep concerns about how they are treated by the government. Police outreach and engagement efforts are viewed with some suspicion by Muslim Americans for a number of reasons. First, Muslim Americans perceive they are being unfairly assigned a collective responsibility to attempt to curb violent extremism inspired by al Qaeda, ISIS, and other likeminded groups, but other communities are not being asked to address anti-government, racist, and other forms of extremism. Our research confirmed that while many policing agencies have robust efforts to conduct outreach with Muslim Americans, they do not have organized, overt efforts to reach out to non-Muslim communities that may be targeted for recruitment by anti-government, racist, or other extremist movements. Second, some Muslim Americans believe that policing outreach and engagement initiatives may be linked with efforts to conduct surveillance on Muslim American individuals and organizations. Third, even though most Muslim Americans have favorable impressions of local law enforcement, they see outreach and engagement efforts as part of a federal counter-terrorism program. Their unpleasant experiences with federal agencies, especially with respect to airport security and immigration control, taint their support for partnerships with policing agencies. We also found that willingness to develop partnerships with the police depends on how effectively the police address other, non-terrorism related, public safety concerns of the community. Some Muslim American communities believe that their public safety concerns are not being fully addressed by the police and therefore are not interested in engaging on other issues. Finally, developing effective community outreach and engagement programs is also difficult for the police because the programs absorb significant resources and may detract from other police priorities. Community policing programs require staffing, specialized training, and interpreters or intensive language classes for officers - all at a time when many police departments around the country are experiencing budgetary stress. Furthermore, we found that preventing violent extremism, while a pressing national issue, is not a top priority for local police that must address violent crime, drugs, gangs, and a host of other public safety concerns. Details: Durham, NC: Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, 2016. 87p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 27, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249674.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249674.pdf Shelf Number: 137690 Keywords: Community ParticipationCommunity PolicingExtremist GroupsMuslimsPolice-Community PartnershipsRadical GroupsTerrorismViolent Extremism |
Author: Sethi, Jenna Title: Co-Creating Community Change: Responding to Violence through Youth Media Practice Summary: Young people have unprecedented access to media. They are not just "watching" media content; they are critiquing popular media and creating a variety of their own media projects to examine their lived experience (Sefton-Green & Soep, 2007; Chavez & Soep, 2005). The purpose of this critical qualitative study was to illuminate the ways youth, as active agents, address violence in their communities through producing media. The second purpose of this study was to better understand the youth work practices that support young people who examine and change their communities. The following questions guided this project: How do youth experience violence in their communities? How do youth create media to address violence? What does the process of creating media to address violence mean to them? What youth work practices support the efforts of young people in the process of creating media to address violence in their respective communities? Constructivist, critical and participatory theories guided this study (Guba & Lincoln, 2000; Friere, 1970; Cammarota & Fine, 2008). Semi-structured in-depth interviews (Kvale & Brinkman, 2009; Patton, 2005; Madison, 2005) with 15 staff and young filmmakers, mural and spoken word artists in three different urban communities were conducted in order to better understand this phenomenon. Findings expand upon our knowledge of young people's experience with violence. Their experience required a multifaceted analysis of violence including: physical, structural, institutional and emotional realities. Young people in this study created media to address these forms of violence through a sustained and complex process that included personal growth, building media skills and community development. Youth workers supported this process through creating an intentional sense of belonging attuned to young people's context, culture and community. They also co-created spaces where spiritual healing and critical hope could flourish by standing with youth to examine and speak back to injustice inspiring positive change. Details: Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2014. 223p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed February 8, 2016 at: https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/167463/Sethi_umn_0130E_15121.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/167463/Sethi_umn_0130E_15121.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 137784 Keywords: Community Crime PreventionCommunity ParticipationMedia ViolenceViolence Prevention |
Author: New South Wales. Inspector of Custodial Services Title: Making Connections: Providing family and community support to young people in custody Summary: Inspector of Custodial Services' first inspection examining juvenile justice centres looked at the ways in which family and community support is provided to young people in custody. That there is value in providing family and community support to young people in detention is widely recognised and is reflected in domestic legislation and Juvenile Justice Standards. It has been highlighted by the experience in other jurisdictions, such as the 1998 Queensland Forde Inquiry, that contact with family and community should be an entitlement of detainees, rather than a privilege. Family and community contact can reduce detainees' sense of isolation while in custody and can also support reintegration outcomes when they are released. This inspection examined two centres: Juniperina Juvenile Justice Centre and Reiby Juvenile Justice Centres. Juniperina is the only female-only centre in NSW, and Reiby accommodates both younger boys (10-16 years old) and those with behavioural issues. These centres were selected as they offered an overview of the types of issues faced by young people held in detention, who are often from a complex and disadvantaged background. The inherent challenges faced by JJNSW in assisting young people to maintain links with their family and community while incarcerated are exacerbated by the fact that a high proportion of young people are placed in a detention centre outside their home region and tend to spend a relatively short time in custody. Overall, the inspection found that JJNSW promotes and facilitates contact between young people and their families and communities in a satisfactory way. Contact with family is mainly facilitated through telephone and face-to-face visits; and juvenile justice officers involve family in the case management process where possible. Engagement with the local community is achieved through having programs delivered in the centres by non-government organisations, or the use of external leave or work arrangements where this is assessed as appropriate. The family contact policies are well defined by JJNSW and administered effectively by staff in the centres, although there are some differences in the ways they may be applied to individual cases. The Inspector appreciates the need to maintain flexibility when applying these policies, but underscores the importance of remembering that contact with family is an entitlement of all young people in detention and access to family should never be used as a tool to manage behaviour. A key point of concern for the Inspector that became evident during this inspection was the level of security utilised during visits. Rigorous security processes are essential to the smooth running of the centre, but they should not unfairly impinge on the rights of young people. Current practice sees strip-searching of young people carried out as routine procedure after, and in some cases before, being granted a visit with family. Young people are also dressed in security overalls for all visits, including non-contact ones. The Inspector believes these measures can create further problems for already fragile young people and that a proper risk-based assessment would target the trafficking of contraband equally as well. The inspection found that both centres have regular and ongoing engagement with their local communities and NGOs. Centre management works with local groups to deliver a range of in-house programs for young people, although the level of interaction varies across centres. An outstanding example of outreach with the local community is seen at the Waratah Unit at Reiby, a pre-release unit focusing on developing the life skills of young men before they are released. There are notable differences in the opportunities and programs offered to young men and young women and the inspection recommends that comparable opportunities should be available to women as they are to men. Such opportunities should be available for both in-house programs and access to a transitional program and external work release, such as that offered at the Waratah Unit. Details: Sydney: Inspector of Custodial Services, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2016 at: http://www.custodialinspector.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/FINAL%20Making%20Connections%20report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.custodialinspector.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/FINAL%20Making%20Connections%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 138246 Keywords: Community ParticipationFamilies of InmatesJuvenile Detention CentersJuvenile Offenders |
Author: National Network for Safe Communities Title: Group Violence Intervention: An Implementation Guide Summary: The National Network for Safe Communities supports communities around the country in implementing two field-tested crime reduction strategies: the Group Violence Intervention (GVI) first launched in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Drug Market Intervention (DMI) first launched in High Point, North Carolina. National Network membership includes law enforcement (e.g., police chiefs; sheriffs; state and federal prosecutors; and corrections, parole, and probation officials), community leaders, mayors, city managers, council members, service providers, street outreach workers, scholars, and others applying these strategies to reduce violent crime. The National Network's GVI has demonstrated that violent crime can be dramatically reduced when law enforcement, community members, and social service providers join together to engage directly with street groups to communicate the following: - A law enforcement message that any future violence will be met with clear, predictable, and certain consequences - A moral message from community representatives that violence will not be tolerated - An offer of help from social service providers for those who want it GVI is now a well-documented approach to reducing serious violence. The strategy is unusual, but it is based on common sense and practical experience. Embedded in empirical analysis of what drives serious violence, and in the schools of thought and practice known as "focused deterrence" and "procedural justice," the strategy follows a basic logic. Evidence and experience show that a small number of people in street groups, cliques, drug crews, and the like cause the majority of violence in troubled neighborhoods. The internal dynamics of the groups and the honor code of the street drive violence between those groups and individuals. The group members typically constitute less than 0.5 percent of a city's population but are consistently linked to 60 to 70 percent of the shootings and homicides. To implement GVI, a city assembles a partnership of law enforcement, community representatives (e.g., parents of murdered children, ministers, street outreach workers, ex-offenders, and other people with moral standing and credibility), and social service providers, all of whom are willing to provide a specific message to group members. A key communication tool of the strategy is the "call-in," a face-to-face meeting between group members and representatives of the GVI partnership. Together, the GVI partners deliver the strategy's antiviolence messages to representatives of street groups and then follow up on those messages. The call-in represents a central shift on the part of law enforcement. At the call-in, law enforcement gives the groups clear notice that it will meet future violence with swift and certain consequences and that it will direct consequences at the group as a whole rather than at individuals. As with ordinary law enforcement, when group members commit violent crimes, those individuals receive enforcement attention. Under GVI, however, law enforcement also holds the entire group accountable for violence. A group member's violent act triggers enforcement against other group members for outstanding warrants, probation and parole violations, open cases, and a variety of other criminal activity. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2013. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 9, 2016 at: https://nnscommunities.org/old-site-files/Group_Violence_Intervention_-_An_Implementation_Guide.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://nnscommunities.org/old-site-files/Group_Violence_Intervention_-_An_Implementation_Guide.pdf Shelf Number: 135351 Keywords: Community ParticipationFocused DeterrenceGroup Violence InterventionProcedural JusticeViolenceViolence PreventionViolent Crime |
Author: Snider, Carolyn Title: Community Assessment of a Gang Exit Strategy for Winnipeg, Manitoba Summary: In an effort to address the issue of gangs in Winnipeg, the Gang Action Interagency Network (GAIN) in collaboration with the University of Manitoba, with funding provided by the Department of Justice Canada (Youth Justice Fund - Guns, Gangs, and Drugs) conducted research for the purpose of informing future gang-exit initiatives in Winnipeg. The following report is the result of this research. With the goal of developing tangible and actionable steps towards addressing the gang issue in Winnipeg, GAIN's research was focused on learning from three specific areas: Stakeholder Consultation, Youth Consultation and Existing Evidence. Interviews with key community stakeholders included experts from youth service agencies, corrections, law enforcement, social workers, parole officers and former gang members. Youth consultations included youth who participate in violence prevention programs offered by various community agencies. Youth are often overlooked as keepers of knowledge, and these consultations were valuable in hearing key insights from the very youth who are affected by gangs on a daily basis. A review of existing gang strategies and programs from throughout North America was then conducted to identify successful components, which might be useful when adapted to a Winnipeg context, and to identify measurable indicators. The results of the research indicate a need to address young people's ability to fulfill their own basic needs whether physical or social. Within the research, 3 specific areas of focus were identified. The theme of Identity and Belonging was prevalent in the research as participants identified a need for mentorship, cultural reclamation, and community efficacy. Healing was another focal area which emerged within the research as participants shared about the need for greater access to addictions and mental health care. Participants also spoke about the need for restorative justice and greater support for families in crisis. Finally, participants spoke about the need for Expanded Programming. Although many great programs already exist in Winnipeg, many participants identified the long waiting lists to get into programs and lack of 24hr programming that could provide safe spaces when many young people are at their most vulnerable point and need it most. Participants also spoke about the need for more opportunities with regards to employment and skills/job training. Evidence of components of existing programs and strategies clearly mirrored the needs that were identified in our consultations. This report highlights the need for further action by our governments to work with the member agencies of GAIN to help our youth avoid gang involvement through the development of initiatives that will help fulfill our youths needs of Identity and Belonging, Healing and Expanded Programming. Details: Gang Action Interagency Network (Gain), 2014. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2016 at: https://gainmb.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/gain-report1.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: https://gainmb.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/gain-report1.pdf Shelf Number: 138886 Keywords: Community ParticipationDelinquency PreventionGangsYouth Gang |
Author: Painter, Anthony Title: Safer Together: Policing a global city in 2020 Summary: 'Safer together: policing a global city in 2020' is an analysis based on an extensive consultation, wide-ranging research, and the RSA's public service and institutional reform specialisms. It is an ambitious set of proposals to generate a public conversation about the future of London's safety - a critical component of its success as a global city. Following an extensive engagement with 500 of the most senior Met officers and others throughout the service and a consultation involving more than seventy external organisations, Safer Together establishes a shared mission. This mission involves public agencies, the voluntary sector, companies, the public and the police themselves. In a context of severe budgetary constraints and a changing pattern of crime, which is becoming more complex, the risk for London is that all those involved in its safety could be overwhelmed. The report outlines an approach that relies on deeper co-operation, better use of information and 'what works' analysis, and more extensive engagement of the police with London's communities and members of the public who need its support. The RSA proposes: - A Community Safety Index for London that will combine objective measures of crime and incidence of risk and harm with subjective measures such as feelings of safety, absence of anti-social behaviour and neighbourhood quality. - A London Policing Impact Unit that would combine operational, academic, and strategic knowledge. The Impact Unit would analyse data and learn from on-the-ground experience of 'what works'. These lessons would then be applied in the Met. A representative Citizens' Panel would inform its work. - New forms of collective impact to focus on particular challenges should be extended. These will broaden and widen the Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hub approach where agencies work in close cooperation. This means a permanent engagement on shared issues of concern such as domestic violence, mental health, or anti-social behavior. - A deepening of the Met's engagement with victims and witnesses, for example through greater deployment of restorative justice and greater analysis of victim needs and more continuous communication with them. Only through devolution of more powers over the criminal justice system to London can this take place convincingly. And there is a need for deeper community engagement - especially through the Safer Neighbourhood Boards and through the smart use of social media. 'Safer Together' is a considered yet ambitious response to the challenges of next few years in London. It provides a wider lens for current concerns on the future of public services and the public's relationship with them. It will be of interest to all those involved in changes to the public sector and those who rely on these changes succeeding - the public themselves. Details: London: RSA Action and Research Centre, 2015. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 5, 2016 at: https://www.thersa.org/discover/publications-and-articles/reports/safer-together-policing-a-global-city-in-2020/ Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.thersa.org/discover/publications-and-articles/reports/safer-together-policing-a-global-city-in-2020/ Shelf Number: 138955 Keywords: Community ParticipationCrime PreventionNeighborhoods and CrimePolice EffectivenessPolicingPublic SafetyUrban Areas |
Author: Tamis, Karen Title: It Takes a Village: Diversion Resources for Police and Families Summary: Police frequently encounter youth running away from home, violating curfew, skipping school, and chronically disobeying adults-misbehavior that can often stem from family conflict and that do not require justice involvement. When alternatives are not available, however, these behaviors can lead to arrests or detention. Families dealing with difficult youth behavior often unwittingly send their youth into the justice system by calling the police because they feel they have nowhere to turn for help. For police, encountering these kinds of situations can be frustrating because they feel limited to suboptimal choices: either ignoring the problem behavior or criminalizing it. This brief explores the creative, collaborative, and community-focused work being done in Nevada, Connecticut, Nebraska, Michigan, Illinois, and Oregon to find productive responses to youth "acting out." The juvenile assessment resource centers, crisis response centers, and crisis intervention teams in these jurisdictions address the needs of youth and connect families to resources and services without the need for juvenile justice involvement. Details: New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2016. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 30, 2016 at: http://www.issuelab.org/resources/25235/25235.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.issuelab.org/resources/25235/25235.pdf Shelf Number: 139901 Keywords: Community ParticipationCrisis InterventionJuvenile JusticeYouth Diversion |
Author: Kearns, Noreen Title: Evaluation of the Community Safety Initiative of the Childhood Development Initiative Summary: Background In September 2008, the Childhood Development Initiative (CDI) began the 3-year process of implementing the Community Safety Initiative (CSI) in Tallaght West, Co. Dublin. Through supporting local resident interaction and promoting collaborative responses to addressing local safety issues, the CSI seeks to improve people's perceptions of safety, improve neighbour relations and promote a safe and healthy environment for children and families (CDI, 2008b). The overall aims of the initiative (CDI, 2012) are: - to improve safety and to promote pro-social behaviour across Tallaght West; - to improve community awareness and participation in local activities and services; - to encourage wide community engagement in maintaining a safe environment. Research aims and objectives This report is the final output of the 3-year evaluation (2008-2011) of the CSI by the Child and Family Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway. It builds on the research from three phases of data collection in order to present a comprehensive assessment of the development and implementation of the CSI. Specifically, the report evaluates the achievement of the overall aims of the CSI in this period in order to answer the evaluation's overall research questions, which are: 1. How is the CSI being implemented and what is the value of the logic underpinning the initiative? 2. Were there any changes in (1) perceptions of safety and (2) safety and/or crime prevention within the four target areas of Tallaght West? 3. If yes, what role (if any) did CSI activities play in influencing change (e.g. increasing community engagement and enhancing a 'sense of belonging' among community members) in the four areas? 4. What are the outcomes for children, parents and the wider community? Details: Dublin: Childhood Development Initiative (CDI). 132p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2017 at: https://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Community%20Safety%20Initiative%20of%20the%20Childhood%20Development%20Initiative.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Ireland URL: https://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Community%20Safety%20Initiative%20of%20the%20Childhood%20Development%20Initiative.pdf Shelf Number: 145912 Keywords: Communities and Crime Community Crime Prevention Community ParticipationCommunity Safety Crime Prevention |
Author: Holihen, Katie Title: Park Ridge's Success Story on Going Beyond Crisis Intervention Team Training: Building Whole-Community Responses to Mental Health Summary: As community-based mental health services go unfunded or lack sufficient resources, the safety net for people with mental illness has been essentially eliminated. At the community level, emergency rooms and law enforcement have become the new front doors to what remains of our mental health system, operating as the first point of contact for people in crisis or with chronic mental illness. As such, there is a pressing need for education and collaboration between these parties, as well as with the larger community. Specifically, in regards to law enforcement, agencies need to examine how to best manage officers' increasingly frequent contact with individuals with mental illness, including how to interact with them in a safe and compassionate way. Lack of training can quickly lead to the misinterpretation of intent of individuals in crisis, which, as seen in several high-profile officer-involved shootings across the country, could be the difference between life and death. Make no mistake, law enforcement as a profession has advanced considerably in its response to calls for service involving people with mental illness, in part because of the implementation of specialized police responses (SPR),1 which fall primarily into two categories: (1) the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model, which was founded by the University of Memphis and was first implemented in Memphis, Tennessee,2 and (2) law enforcement and mental health co-responder teams, which was pioneered in Los Angeles County, California. As a cornerstone program for improving responses to people in crisis, the CIT Model, also known as the Memphis Model, and its affiliated training have been implemented in hundreds of police jurisdictions nationwide. Developed in the late 1980s, the CIT Model works to improve both officer and community safety by providing officers with relevant training and to reduce reliance on the criminal justice system by building stronger links within the mental health system. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2018. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2018 at : https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0856-pub.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0856-pub.pdf Shelf Number: 150818 Keywords: Community Oriented PolicingCommunity ParticipationCrisis InterventionMental Health ServicesMentally Ill PersonsPolice and the Mentally IllPolice-Citizen InteractionsPolice-Community Relations |