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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:13 pm
Time: 12:13 pm
Results for crime trends (u.s.)
2 results foundAuthor: Kneebone, Elizabeth Title: City and Suburban Crime Trends in Metropolitan America Summary: The impact of crime on general well-being is profound. Those most directly impacted are the victims of crime. By one estimate, the combination of direct monetary losses and the costs of pain and suffering among crime victims in the U.S. amounts to nearly 6 percent of gross domestic product. Beyond these direct costs are substantial indirect costs associated with reducing the threat of crime. In 2006, federal, state, and local government criminal justice expenditures amounted to $214 billion. Many households pay significant premiums, either in terms of housing prices or commute costs, to live in neighborhoods with lower probabilities of victimization. Many also purchase security devices and insurance to minimize the likelihood and costs of being criminally victimized. Moreover, fear of crime often impacts the most mundane personal decisions, such as whether to walk down a given street or through a particular neighborhood, whether to let one’s children play outside, or whether to leave one’s home after dark. While all communities are affected by crime and the criminal justice system, residents in large urban areas are particularly impacted. Moreover, within large metropolitan areas, the residents of poor, largely minority neighborhoods suffer disproportionately. Crime rates are generally higher in more urbanized areas and the young, male, and minority residents of the nation’s central cities contribute disproportionately to the growing prison population. Yet, in recent decades, U.S. crime rates have fallen sharply. By 2008 the sexual assault rate stood at only 23 percent of its peak value in 1991, while robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault had fallen to 37, 33, and 42 percent of their 1991 levels, respectively. Similarly, homicide rates dropped from 10.5 per 100,000 in 1991 to 6.2 per 100,000 by 2006. Between 1991 and 2008 the number of burglaries per 1,000 households declined by 59 percent, while rates of theft and motor vehicle theft dropped by 62 and 70 percent, respectively. Though much has been written about the precipitous declines in crime since the 1990s, less is known about trends within the nation’s big cities and suburbs. Two-thirds of the nation’s population lives in the 100 largest metropolitan areas, but crime levels vary greatly across — and even within — these regions. To what extent have decreases in crime been shared across these communities? Moreover, crime fell over a period that coincided with considerable changes in the makeup and distribution of the country’s metropolitan population. Do those changes help explain the steep declines in community-level crime? In this paper, we explore these questions by analyzing crime data compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and data from the U.S. Census Bureau to provide a geographically-focused assessment of how crime rates have changed between 1990 and 2008. Specifically, we analyze data for the roughly 5,400 communities located within the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. We estimate changes in metropolitan crime, as well as city and suburban trends within these regions. We then consider the relationship between community-level demographic characteristics and crime, and analyze how those relationships may have changed over time. Details: Wsahington, DC: Brookings Institute, 2011. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Metropolitan Opportunity Series: Accessed July 12, 2011 at: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/0526_metropolitan_crime_kneebone_raphael/0526_metropolitan_crime_kneebone_raphael.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/0526_metropolitan_crime_kneebone_raphael/0526_metropolitan_crime_kneebone_raphael.pdf Shelf Number: 122028 Keywords: Crime RatesCrime StatisticsCrime Trends (U.S.)Neighborhoods and CrimeSuburban CrimeUrban Crime |
Author: Rickman, Stephen Title: Crime Trends and Implications of 21st Century Policing Summary: Since 1960, the FBI has published an annual Uniform Crime Report (UCR), which contains extensive statistics on both violent and property crimes. Law enforcement agencies use two crime categories—violent crimes and property crimes—as guides for recording offenses reported to police. According to the UCR, violent crimes include murder, rape, assault (aggravated or felonious), and robbery. Property crimes include burglary, larceny, theft, arson, and motor vehicle theft. This report provides a summary of reported crime trends and includes meaningful data and a long-range analysis of the directions in which crime rates have been moving for the past 50 years. Though measuring crime can be an inexact science, capturing directional trends may be more meaningful to enhancing law enforcement practitioners’ understanding of current crime patterns. The regional and national trends for the past 50 years will provide the reader with a historical context to better understand current crime patterns. The report also presents more recent trends for the United States’ major cities, paying particular attention to murder, as error in reporting and recording this type of crime is minimal and because murder has the greatest social consequence. Each presentation of data is followed by a discussion titled “Inside the Numbers,” which attempts to identify contributing factors for the trends. Finally, the report examines the implications of the reported trends for current and future policing practices. While crime trends and the factors driving those trends are changing, the manner in which American agencies police remains somewhat static. Instead, effective policing in the 21st century requires a new policing paradigm that reflects changing crime trends, the existing cost-constrained environment, and growing expectations from the public for a wider range of policing services. Details: Alexandria, VA: CNA Analysis & Solutions, 2013. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2013 at: http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Crime_Trends.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Crime_Trends.pdf Shelf Number: 129469 Keywords: Crime StatisticsCrime Trends (U.S.) |