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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:08 pm
Time: 12:08 pm
Results for drunk driving (u.s.)
3 results foundAuthor: DeMichele, Matthew Title: Predicting Repeat DWI: Chronic Offending, Risk Assessment, and Community Supervision Summary: Between 1981 and 2008, nearly 550,000 individuals were killed in alcohol-related traffic accidents. To put this in perspective, the state of Wyoming has approximately 540,000 residents. Several major U.S. cities, such as Tuscon, Az., Atlanta, Ga; Kansas City, Mo., and Long Beach, Calif., are home to fewer residents. While such a high number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities is staggering, there is reason to believe the policy changes emphasizing different practices to control drunk driving have, in fact, reduced the number of drunk driving deaths. Consider that between 1982 and 1988, 171,681 alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred. In comparison, between 2002 and 2008, 113,403 alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred – a reduction of 33.9 percent. In comparing year by year reductions, the number of drunk driving fatalities decreased by nearly 50 percent when comparing the number of fatalities in 1982 (26,173) to the number of fatalities in 2008 (13,846). The reduction in the number of alcohol-related traffic deaths can be attributed to a number of different factors, most of which center around changes in policies and practices related to the legislative control of drunk driving. In particular, increases in the minimum drinking age, lowered illegal thresholds for blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), increased use of monetary sanctions such as fines, increased use of incarceration for drunk drivers, more focused use of substance abuse treatment, expanded use of electronic monitoring, and stricter community-based supervision practices carried out by probation and parole officers have played a role in reducing the number of drunk driving deaths. Despite the reduction in the number of drunk driving deaths, additional changes in policies and practices are needed in order to further reduce the extent of drunk driving. Using principles of evidence-based practices, in this project the American Probation and Parole Association conducted a risk assessment study to develop a pilot risk assessment instrument that can be used to identify convicted offenders who are at an increased risk for future drunk driving. This process entailed reviewing prior research on drunk driving, addressing the way that criminological theory explains drunk driving, developing a methodology to study drunk driving, conducting a study on a sample of 3,884 convicted drunk drivers, statistically analyzing factors that seemed to predict levels of repeat drunk driving, and developing a pilot instrument from these findings. Six assumptions have guided this process: Risk for drunk driving can be predicted. Efforts to predict risk should be guided by research and evidence-based practices. Policies and practices developed from risk assessment research will further reduce the extent of future drunk driving. Predicting risk will not eliminate drunk driving completely, but it will help to reduce it. Community-based corrections professionals are in a prime position to reduce drunk driving. Policy makers will continue to play an important role in controlling drunk driving. The next stage of this project will entail the application of the risk assessment instrument to a sample of drunk-driving offenders convicted in various states. By identifying which offenders are most at risk for future drunk driving, policy makers and criminal justice officials will be in a position to develop control strategies that target those offenders most at risk for re-offending. This will make our highways safer and reduce the number of alcohol-related accidents. Details: Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association, 2012. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 27, 2012 at: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/PRDWI-DRAFT.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/PRDWI-DRAFT.pdf Shelf Number: 125416 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDriving While IntoxicatedDrunk Driving (U.S.)Risk Assessment |
Author: Byrne, James M. Title: Drunk Driving: An Assessment of 'What Works' in the Areas of Classification, Treatment, Prevention and Control Summary: The purpose of the following review is to identify promising solutions to the drunk driving problem in this country, focusing on four broad areas of inquiry: (1) Can effective treatment programs for drunk drivers be identified? (2) Can effective prevention strategies for drunk drivers be identified? (3) Can effective identification strategies for drunk drivers (utilizing classification and prediction techniques) be identified? (4) Can effective control strategies for drunk drivers (utilizing administrative and/or criminal Justice interventions) be identified? To complete this analysis, we conducted a review of all the available published research on drunk driving released since 1990. Each of the articles we identify in our review is included in the "what works" compendium accompanying this report. Not surprisingly, the quality of the empirical research published during our review period (1990-2002) is generally weak, with few experimental studies conducted on this important problem. To make sense of this body of research, we have adopted a strategy recommended by Welsh and Farrington (2003) in their recent article, "Toward an Evidence-Based Approach to Preventing Crime". First, we have ranked the "quality" of each of the research studies included in this review on a scale of 1 (weakest) to 5 (highest), utilizing the same scaling criteria used in the recent research reviews completed for the National Institute of Justice by the Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group (see Appendix A for a description of review criteria). Next, we used these rankings to organize our assessment of what works, what does not work, what is promising, and what is unknown in the area of drunk driving (see Appendix A for a definition of key review terminology). Finally, we have attempted to examine the State of Maryland's drunk driving strategy by providing a critical review of MADD's "Rating the States 2002" report on drunk driving, which includes an overall grade for Maryland's drunk driving strategy (C) along with a breakdown of grading in each of the following areas: (1) state political leadership, (2) statistics and records, (3) law enforcement, (4) administrative measures/criminal sanctions, (5) regulatory control/availability, (6) youth legislation, prevention, and education, (7) victim issues, (8) laws, and (9) fatality trends. (Note: the full text of the MADD report, along with a breakdown of what each state in the country is currently doing to address the drunk driving problem, is included in our "what works" compendium). Utilizing the results of our review of "what works" in the areas of treatment, classification, prevention, and control, we offer our recommendations for changes in MADD's grading criteria and then discuss the implications of our findings for drunk driver policies and practices in Maryland. Details: s.l.: Maryland Council of Productivity and Management, 2003. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed July 28, 2014 at: http://faculty.uml.edu/jbyrne/ Year: 2003 Country: United States URL: http://faculty.uml.edu/jbyrne/ Shelf Number: 132798 Keywords: Driving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving (U.S.)Evidence-Based Practices |
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: Traffic Safety: Alcohol Ignition Interlocks are effective while installed; Less it known about how to increase installation rates Summary: Motor vehicle crashes involving alcohol-impaired drivers killed 10,322 people in 2012 and account for almost one third of all traffic fatalities annually. Ignition interlocks are one strategy states use to combat DWI. In 2012, MAP-21 established a grant program for states that adopt and implement mandatory alcohol ignition-interlock laws for all convicted DWI offenders. Funding authorization for this program expires at the end of fiscal year 2014. GAO was asked to review the effectiveness of ignition interlocks and NHTSA's implementation of the new grant program. This report discusses (1) what is known about ignition interlock effectiveness and (2) the extent to which NHTSA has assisted states in implementing ignition-interlock programs, including the grant program. GAO reviewed 25 studies that analyzed relationships between ignition interlocks and DWI arrests and fatalities; interviewed NHTSA officials and reviewed reports about NHTSA's assistance to states; and interviewed representatives from safety-advocacy and research organizations, and officials involved with ignition-interlock programs from 10 states. The states were selected based on grant program qualification and the number of alcohol-impaired fatalities, among other factors. The information from these states is not generalizable. DOT officials reviewed a draft of this report and generally agreed with the findings. DOT offered technical corrections, which we incorporated as appropriate. Details: Washington, DC: GAO, 2014. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: GAO-14-559: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/664281.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/664281.pdf Shelf Number: 133076 Keywords: Alcohol Ignition InterlocksAlcohol Law EnforcementDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving (U.S.) |