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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:39 am
Time: 11:39 am
Results for female crime
8 results foundAuthor: Bateman, Tim Title: Review of Provision for Girls in Custody to Reduce Reoffending Summary: Traditionally, discussions of youth crime and responses to young people who offend have tended to ignore girls. This omission reflects in some measure the fact that boys account for the large majority of those who come to the attention of the youth justice system. It is nonetheless regrettable since girls have consistently constituted between a quarter and one fifth of the youth offending population in the UK. A number of recent developments have made this oversight particularly problematic. First, there is a popular (mis)perception that girls’ offending is becoming more prevalent and more serious. At the same time, responses to girls’ delinquent behaviour have become increasingly interventionist leading to a substantial rise in the numbers appearing in court, despite offending having remained stable. The increased visibility of girls in the criminal justice system has no doubt contributed to the view that female offending is increasingly an issue of concern. Finally, and related to these two developments, the use of custody for girls has risen sharply, albeit from a relatively low baseline: while the total number of custodial sentences for juveniles rose between 1992 and 2006 by 56%, those imposed on girls increased by 297%. This report reviews the specific provisions and treatment of girls in custody in England and Wales and explores the nature of offences committed by girls, considers the treatment of girls in the youth justice system in England and Wales and suggests ways in which to develop adequate and gender-responsive programs. Details: Reading, UK: CfBt Education Trust, 2008. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2010 at: http://www.cfbt.com/evidenceforeducation/pdf/GirlsinCustody_v6(W).pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cfbt.com/evidenceforeducation/pdf/GirlsinCustody_v6(W).pdf Shelf Number: 114346 Keywords: Female CrimeFemale Juvenile OffendersFemale OffendersGenderJuvenile Detention |
Author: McIvor, Gill Title: Understanding the Drivers of Female Imprisonment in Scotland Summary: Across jurisdictions, offending by women differs in a number of important ways from offending by men: it is less common, less frequent and less serious. Women are typically convicted of relatively minor crimes that pose little public risk and, because they are usually convicted of offences that are less serious than those committed by men, the sentences they receive are also different: for example, women are less likely than men to receive sentences of imprisonment. However, female imprisonment has increased dramatically in most western jurisdictions, including Scotland, over the last 15-20 years as evidenced by increases in the numbers of women given sentences of imprisonment, in daily female prison populations and in the rate of imprisonment of women. Moreover, because the rise in women’s imprisonment has outstripped parallel increases in the imprisonment of men, women now make up a greater proportion of prisoners. While the growth in female imprisonment is undisputed, what is less clear is what has fuelled it, particularly since it does not appear to have been solely – if at all - a reaction to increases in female crime. The analyses presented in this report aim to explore the factors driving the increase in female imprisonment in Scotland, where the number of women imprisoned has reached unprecedented levels. The growth in female imprisonment is of particular policy concern given the well documented impact of imprisonment on vulnerable women and their children and in light of recent policy initiatives to reduce the use of short custodial sentences in Scotland. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research, 2011. 80p. Source: Internet Resource:Report No. 02/21ii: Accessed March 18, 2011 at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/documents/Report%202011%2001%20-%20Female%20imprisonment.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/documents/Report%202011%2001%20-%20Female%20imprisonment.pdf Shelf Number: 121067 Keywords: Female CrimeFemale InmatesFemale Offenders (Scotland)Imprisonment |
Author: Mahoney, Tina Hotton Title: Women and the Criminal Justice System Summary: The involvement of women and girls in the criminal justice system has largely been as crime victims rather than as perpetrators. While females make up about half of violent crime victims, they represent a minority of offenders. However, in order to understand the scope of issues related to women and the criminal justice system it is important to look at the incidence and experience of crime against women, as well as women as offenders. It is because of the relatively small number of females committing crimes that it is crucial to closely monitor female offending patterns. Otherwise, differences in the experiences of women and girls in the criminal justice system may be masked by trends that reflect the larger male offender population. This information is necessary to assess responses by the justice and social systems to females who offend and in the development of gender-informed crime prevention strategies. This report explores the prevalence and nature of female victimization, female criminality as well as the processing of female offenders through the criminal justice system in Canada. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2011. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 12, 2012 at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503-x/2010001/article/11416-eng.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503-x/2010001/article/11416-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 123593 Keywords: Female CrimeFemale Offenders (Canada)Female Victims of Crime |
Author: Great Britain. Ministry of Justice Title: Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System 2011 Summary: This report provides information about how females and males were represented in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) in the most recent year for which data were available, and, wherever possible, across the last five years. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 requires the Government to publish statistical data to assess whether any discrimination exists in how the CJS treats people based on their gender. These statistics are used by policy makers, the agencies who comprise the CJS and others (e.g. academics) to monitor differences between females and males, and to highlight areas where practitioners and others may wish to undertake more in-depth analysis. The identification of differences should not be equated with discrimination as there are many reasons why apparent disparities may exist. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2012. 160p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 26, 2012 at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/women-cjs-2011/statistics-women-cjs-2011-v2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/women-cjs-2011/statistics-women-cjs-2011-v2.pdf Shelf Number: 127007 Keywords: Crime StatisticsFemale CrimeFemale Offenders (U.K.)Female StaffFemale VictimsFemales |
Author: Corman, Hope Title: Effects of Welfare Reform on Women's Crime Summary: We investigate the effects of broad-based work incentives on female crime by exploiting the welfare reform legislation of the 1990s, which dramatically increased employment among women at risk for relying on cash assistance. We find that welfare reform decreased female property crime arrests by 4–5%, but did not affect other types of crimes. The effects appear to be stronger in states with lower welfare benefits and higher earnings disregards, and in states with larger caseload declines. The findings point to broad-based work incentives—and, by inference, employment—as a key determinant of female property crime. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper No. 18887: Accessed March 18, 2013 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18887 Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18887 Shelf Number: 127992 Keywords: EmploymentFemale CrimeFemale Offenders (U.S.)Welfare Reform |
Author: Swift, Donna Title: The Girl's Project. Girl Fighting: An investigation of young women's violent and anti-social behaviour Summary: This report is based on the findings from The Girl's Project, a two-year investigation of girls' use of violence and anti-social behaviour, which was conducted in the Tasman Police District between August 2009 and August 2011. The research was funded by the Lottery Community Sector Research Committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the Association of Social Science Researchers and the Association of Social Anthropologists of Aotearoa/New Zealand in 2009. The goal of the research was to establish a substantial base of understanding about young women's use of violent and anti-social behaviour specific to the New Zealand context. From this knowledge Stopping Violence Services Nelson (SVSN) would be able to create guidelines for best practice for agencies and professionals to use when working in young women's violence intervention and have the capacity to evaluate and advise about existing services for girls. Data collection employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Over 3400 questionnaires were collected from Year 9 and 10 boys and girls to gauge the involvement of young people and provide gender comparison. In addition, 40 focus groups of girls, between the ages of 12 to 18, have provided the perspectives of young women from mainstream settings. However, the most significant contribution to this report comes from the more than 100 interviews conducted with teenage girls, many of whom came to the researchers' attention or were referred by authorities because of their engagement in violent behaviour. Details: Nelson, NZ: Stopping Violence Services Nelson, 2011. 107p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2014 at: http://www.thegirlsproject.org.nz/girls-project.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.thegirlsproject.org.nz/girls-project.pdf Shelf Number: 132051 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorFemale CrimeFemale Juvenile Offenders (New Zealand)Female Offenders FemalesGender Violence |
Author: McNeish, Di Title: Women and Girls at Risk: Evidence across the life course Summary: This evidence review was produced to inform a new cross-sector Alliance which aims to make a difference to the lives of women and girls at risk of homelessness, sexual exploitation, involvement in crime, drugs, mental health problems. We ask the question 'why gender matters' and highlight three sets of factors which have a gendered impact on the lives of women and girls: social inequalities, gender expectations and abuse and violence. Despite the last 40 years of feminism, girls are still born into a world structured by inequality - they earn less and enjoy less freedom than men. Poverty is more likely to affect women - and some women are more likely to be poor than others: the unemployment rates among Black, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women has remained twice that of white women since 1972. Girls and women are at greater risk of all kinds of interpersonal violence and abuse and those with multiple experience of violence and abuse across the life-course have the poorest outcomes. The idea that boys and girls are encouraged (even 'socialised') into different behaviours and choices, and that this is problematic for equality, has been out of fashion in recent years. However, there remains strong evidence that different gendered expectations have a profound effect on all our lives - and women who do not conform are often viewed as doubly deviant. The review goes on to explore risks and interventions across the life-course from early years to adulthood and considers what are potentially effective forms of support at each life stage. Despite a vast literature on the 'problems' of women and girls at risk, we found surprisingly little of the 'what works' research has paid much attention to gender differences. Much of the evidence that does exist comes from the U.S. In the UK, there is a range of undoubtedly excellent services for women that are hampered by a lack of consistent evaluation of their effectiveness. Details: North Dalton, East Yorkshire, UK: DMSS Research & Consultancy, 2014. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://www.dmss.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/women-girls-at-risk-v2c.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.dmss.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/women-girls-at-risk-v2c.pdf Shelf Number: 133044 Keywords: At-Risk YouthFemale CrimeFemale Juvenile OffendersFemale Offenders (U.K.)Gender-Based ViolenceSexual Exploitation |
Author: Artz, Lillian Title: Hard Time(s): Women's Pathways to Crime and Incarceration Summary: Summary This section provides an overview of key research findings from the "Pathways to Crime: Women in Conflict with the Law" project. For background on the project and the research methodology, please refer to the Introduction to the research report (entitled: "Hard Time(s): Women's Pathways to Crime and Incarceration, pages 1-18). The second and third sections of the research report describe the research context. The first of these sections, entitled Pre-Interview Survey of Women in Prison (pp. 19-27), describes the group of women that participated in our research (our sample), based on the surveys that each woman completed before their in-depth interview. The second provides an overview of the context of incarceration (pp. 31-49) in which the research took place. The information presented in these two sections is briefly summarised, followed by summations of our research findings. Research findings are primarily found in six sections of the report, as follows: - Context Matters: Families, Relationships & Traumatic Events - Poverty and Crime - History of Abuse - Domestic Violence - Caretaking and Responsibility - Addiction These findings are detailed and nuanced, and cannot be reduced to statistical data. This Addendum does its best to neatly summarise the findings without overly simplifying them. For a deeper understanding of the complexity of these issues, please refer to the complete research report. The final section of the research report contains a discussion of the findings, focusing on the gendered nature of crime and incarceration in South Africa as it emerges from this research. An overview of this discussion is provided in the final section of this Addendum. Details: Cape Town: Gender, Health and Justice Research Unit, University of Cape Town, 2012. 277p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 8, 2014 at: http://www.ghjru.uct.ac.za/pdf/hard_times.pdf Year: 2012 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.ghjru.uct.ac.za/pdf/hard_times.pdf Shelf Number: 134285 Keywords: Female CrimeFemale Offenders (South Africa) |