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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:38 am
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Results for graffiti
16 results foundAuthor: Offler, Naomi Title: A Review of the Literature on Social, Non-Technical Deterrents for Vandalism in the Rail Industry Summary: This report discusses short and long term strategies for addressing vandalism and graffiti on rail property in Australia. Details: Brisbane: CRC for Rail Innovation, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116516 Keywords: DeterrenceGraffitiVandalism |
Author: Farmer, Stephen-Lee Title: An Evaluation of Graffiti as a Tool for Conveying Political and Social Messages Summary: This study considers ways in which graffiti is used as a tool to convey political and social messages that might otherwise be marginalized by modern society as well as other uses to which it is put. It does this by examining available literature including that in support of and opposing use of graffiti and by exploring the ways in which technology and the Internet have contributed to graffiti culture. Details: Plymouth, UK: University of Plymouth, School of Computing, Communications & Electronics, 2007, 42p. Source: Internet Source: Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 116687 Keywords: GraffitiPolitical OffensesVandalism |
Author: Hookstra, Cynthia L. Title: Adolescent Graffiti Vandalism: Exploring the Root Causes Summary: The city of Oxnard, California and its battle against graffiti vandalism is the subject of this case study. Oxnard is a microcosm of what many cities are being forced into nationwide in the perplexing battle for graffiti-free communities. With so many taxpayer dollars at stake, understanding the root causes becomes a priority for cities. A survey was prepared asking professional individuals who work with graffiti vandalism to list five factors they believe cause kids to become involved in graffiti vandalism. From those survey results, a youth survey was prepared to ask young people involved in graffiti vandalism why they felt kids become involved in graffiti vandalism. The two groups of survey results were then compared and analyzed. The results of the two surveys were almost the exact opposite of each other. The professionals see graffiti as a parental control issue and the youth see it as a peer or social activity. What causes the conflict between the two groups is the criminal aspect of graffiti, which is the destruction of property. If the criminal vandalism issue of graffiti was removed, there would be nothing to debate. Details: La Verne, CA: University of La Verne, 2009. 48p. Source: Master's Thesis Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117713 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Allen, Daniel Title: Fighting Graffiti: An Investigation of Causes and Solutions Summary: Beginning in the summer of 2005 and into the following winter, the Standish-Ericsson Neighborhood Association (SENA) received a number of complaints related to graffiti. A research intern was hired and this report presents the culmination of that internship and is designed to accomplish two purposes: 1) as an investigation of the problem, and 2) to provide direction for future resident and SENA action addressing graffiti. Details: Minneapolis: Standish-Ericsson Neighborhood Association, 2006. 54p. Source: Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116297 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Simmill-Binning, Cheryl Title: Daring to Damage: An Investigation of Young People's Motivations to Commit Acts of Criminal Damage in the North West of England Summary: This report examines the motivation of young people who commit acts of criminal damage. The focus of the research is young people between the ages of 14 and 25 years. Details: Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University, Applied Social Science Unit for Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), 2008(?). 77p. Source: A report for Lancashire's Strategic Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnership; Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 118583 Keywords: GraffitiVandalismYoung Offenders |
Author: Anne Duncan Consultancy Title: Evaluation of the Auckland City East Community Policing Team Summary: The Auckland East Community Policing Team (CPT) is a problem-solving team that works with community constables and local communities to identify and address issues of concern to the community. The team draws on information from Intel, local police staff, tactical meetings, other agencies and communities groups to identify problems and to decide on which issues they will focus. They work flexibly on varied shifts in order to target problem times and places. The CPT comprises a sergeant and four staff who are a mix of experienced and probationary constables. This mix provides a training ground in community policing for new staff and ensures that more senior staff are attracted to lead community policing as Field Training Officers. The evaluation of the Auckland East CPT has drawn on interviews with CPT members, other local police staff, and community stakeholders; Intel data; informal observation; and CPT weekly reports. The CPT has an on-going focus on graffiti, truancy, alcohol-related incidents, and road policing. On-going work in these areas has been complemented by targeted operations. These include: • a graffiti operation, with the Auckland City Council • two truancy operations, with schools and the Ministry of Education • public visibility and crime deterrence activity following a community survey • three controlled purchase operations • directed patrolling of selected retail areas. There is some evidence that the targeted activity is associated with a reduction in the problems identified, at least in the short term. Community stakeholders, particularly those from local government, were positive about their relationship with the CPT and believed the team was helping to raise the profile of police service in the area. The CPT has successfully complemented local community constables and other police sections, such as Youth Aid, Officers in Charge of local stations, and the Strategic Traffic Unit. Interviews with other police staff indicate that there is growing appreciation of and support for the role of the CPT. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2009. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Auckland-City-East-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Auckland-City-East-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 119810 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCommunity PolicingCrime PreventionGraffitiProblem-Oriented PolicingRoad PolicingTruancy |
Author: Millie, Andrew Title: Anti-Social Behaviour Strategies: Finding a Balance Summary: Anti-social behaviour (ASB) has a significant impact on the lives of a minority of people in Britain, particularly in areas of social deprivation and inner cities. But it has little or no effect on the quality of life of the majority of the population. The general population tends to equate ASB with problems they associate with young people, including graffiti, drug use or simple rowdiness. Two-thirds favour preventive action over tough action against ASB perpetrators. In the local neighbourhoods, people were mainly concerned with three issues: general misbehaviour by children and young people; visible drug and alcohol misuse; and neighbour disputes and ‘problem families'. Residents often regarded ASB as a symptom of social and moral decline. Local agencies tended to explain it in terms of social exclusion – especially of young people from deprived backgrounds. Some people, however, thought that much of the behaviour now labelled as ASB simply showed that ‘kids will be kids’. These different perspectives on ASB implied different solutions. Those who saw it as a consequence of declining moral standards tended to favour tougher discipline. Those who saw it as a result of deprivation preferred prevention and inclusion. In all three case-study sites, local ASB strategies have been adopted that balance enforcement with preventive work, and emphasise the need for a graduated and proportionate approach to enforcement. This contrasts with the stronger national emphasis on enforcement. We conclude that both national and local ASB strategies should aim for a balance between enforcement and prevention and that more care is needed in defining ASB and in deciding the limits on the use of civil remedies. Details: Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2011 at: http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/1861347774.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/1861347774.pdf Shelf Number: 120835 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)GraffitiJuvenile OffendersNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office. Secretary of State Title: Putting Victims First - More Effective Responses to Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: 'Putting victims first – more effective responses to antisocial behaviour'. It sets out the government's plans to deliver on the commitment to introduce more effective measures to tackle antisocial behaviour, and puts them in the wider context of the our reforms to the policing and criminal justice landscape and work to turn round the lives of the most troubled families. The term 'antisocial behaviour' masks a range of nuisance, disorder and crime which affects people's lives on a daily basis: from vandalism and graffiti; to drunk or rowdy behaviour in public; to intimidation and harassment. All have huge impacts on the lives of millions of people in this country. None are acceptable. Many police forces, local authorities and social landlords are working hard to to deal with these problems. However, too often, the harm that antisocial behaviour causes, particularly when it is persistently targeted at the most vulnerable people in our society, is overlooked. At the heart of our new approach is a fundamental shift towards focussing on the needs of victims, rather than the type of behaviour. We know what victims of antisocial behaviour want. First and foremost they want the behaviour to stop, and the perpetrators to be punished for what they've done. They want the authorities to take their problem seriously, to understand the impact on their lives and to protect them from further harm. They want the issue dealt with swiftly and they don’t want it to happen again. The mistake of the past was to think that the government could tackle antisocial behaviour itself. However, this is a fundamentally local problem that looks and feels different in every area and to every victim. Local agencies should respond to the priorities of the communities they serve, not to those imposed from Whitehall. From November this year, directly elected police and crime commissioners will be a powerful new voice for local people, able to push local priorities to prevent antisocial behaviour from being relegated to a 'second-tier' issue. The government does, however, have a crucial role in supporting local areas. We will do that by: focusing the response to anti-social behaviour on the needs of victims - helping agencies to identify and support people at high risk of harm, giving frontline professionals more freedom to do what they know works, and improving our understanding of the experiences of victims empowering communities to get involved in tackling anti-social behaviour – including by giving victims and communities the power to ensure action is taken to deal with persistent antisocial behaviour through a new community trigger, and making it easier for communities to demonstrate in court the harm they are suffering ensuring professionals are able to protect the public quickly – giving them faster, more effective formal powers, and speeding up the eviction process for the most antisocial tenants, in response to recent consultations by the Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government focusing on long-term solutions – by addressing the underlying issues that drive antisocial behaviour, such as binge drinking, drug use, mental health issues, troubled family backgrounds and irresponsible dog ownership It is vital that those who will be affected by these changes, from the professionals who will use the new powers, to victims seeking protection from targeted abuse, can continue to shape the reforms so that we get them right first time. We will therefore publish a draft bill for pre-legislative scrutiny before introducing legislation. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2012 at: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Shelf Number: 125269 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductGraffitiNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalismVictims of Crime |
Author: Bray, Liz Title: Green Spaces...Safer Spaces: Anti-Social Behaviour in Green Spaces Summary: Crime, the fear of crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour in green spaces are some of the things that most worry people and put them off using and enjoying the spaces for relaxation and recreation. The activities of a few offenders affect almost everyone who uses or would like to use green space. Crimes and various types of anti-social behaviour such as vandalism, graffiti, under-age drinking, sex offences and assaults, do occur in parks and green spaces. People can see for themselves the effects of vandal damage, fly tipping, spray painting, discarded bottles, cans and glue containers, trampling and wheel ruts and they are put off using the areas most badly or most frequently abused. Some spaces have a worse reputation than others and they are often areas that are underused by the rest of the community. Tall, dense shrubbery and lack of lighting also attract undesirable activities. 1.2 The fear of crime is a very strong factor for many people and word travels fast when serious incidents happen. Crime, particularly serious crime, is extremely rare in parks and other public places. When it does happen it is usually very widely reported at the time, but most users of Newcastle’s green spaces will not experience crime. 1.3 During the Green Spaces Strategy preparation we carried out extensive consultation and the following came up as major concerns over and over again. (See Para 2.1) Details of the consultations are on the Parks and Green Space web page. In a 2002 survey the top bad points were as follows with crime and anti-social behaviour accounting for five out of the seven. 1. litter (32%) 2. dog fouling (26%) 3. not well maintained (19%) 4. unsafe (15%) 5. vandalism (11%) 6. insufficient green space (10%) 7. threatening youths (10%) In specific consultations with young people and disabled people, personal safety was among their top concerns. Details: Newcastle City, UK: Newcastle City Council, 2004. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 4, 2012 at: http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/ns/leisure/greenspaces/Antisocialbehaviouringreenspaces.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/ns/leisure/greenspaces/Antisocialbehaviouringreenspaces.pdf Shelf Number: 126240 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)Fear of CrimeGraffitiLitteringPublic SpaceVandalism |
Author: New South Wales Department of Attorney General & Justice Title: Graffiti Vandalism: The Motivations and Modus Operandi of Persons Who Do Graffiti Summary: There has been a significant increase in the number of graffiti vandalism incidents recorded by the NSW Police over the last decade. Graffiti vandalism is a crime that has significant financial and social impacts on the NSW community, affecting government utilities, public transport operators, local government, business owners and residents. The cost of graffiti management diverts government funds from important services for the community. The NSW Government has a long-standing commitment to dealing with the problem of graffiti in the NSW community. This commitment has seen the establishment of graffiti taskforces, such as the Anti-Graffiti Action Team (AGAT, established in 2006), changes to legislation and the provision of funds to Local Councils to implement targeted graffiti management strategies. The NSW State Plan deals with graffiti management under Priority R3: Reducing Anti-Social Behaviour. A broad range of programs and initiatives aimed at reducing graffiti vandalism have been introduced across Australia and internationally. However, there is little evidence available on the motivations and modus operandi of the people who commit graffiti vandalism. Details: Sydney: NSW Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2009. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 12, 2014 at: http://www.melbournegraffiti.com/news/The-motivations-and-modus-operandi-of-persons-who-do-graffiti.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.melbournegraffiti.com/news/The-motivations-and-modus-operandi-of-persons-who-do-graffiti.pdf Shelf Number: 132342 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorGraffitiVandalism |
Author: Burke, Cynthia Title: Graffiti Tracker:An Evaluation of the San Diego County Multi-Discipline Graffiti Abatement Program Summary: The goal of the San Diego County Multi-Discipline Graffiti Abatement Program is to utilize technology (Graffiti Tracker) to better document graffiti and identify and convict the most prolific offenders regionally. The system may enhance law enforcement's ability to identify graffiti taggers and gather evidence for prosecution of multiple acts of vandalism, which could result in longer sentences and larger fines, as well as serve as a deterrent to other individuals. To determine if the anticipated benefits of Graffiti Tracker are realized, SANDAG conducted an evaluation to determine how implementation varied across the region and what the impact was for all agencies participating in the pilot program. The final report was completed in June 2012 and can be accessed below. Results from the evaluation include the number of incidents documented during the pilot program, as well as how many incidents were linked across jurisdictions, how many cases were solved, and how much restitution was ordered. Details: San Diego: SANDAG, 2012. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 31, 2014 at: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/projectid/projectid_391_14469.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/projectid/projectid_391_14469.pdf Shelf Number: 132854 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Morgan, Anthony Title: Tackling property damage: A guide for local commerce groups, councils and police Summary: Property damage is the intentional 'destruction or defacement of public, commercial and private property' (Howard 2006: 1). This covers a range of different acts, including vandalism (eg smashing windows, knocking over letterboxes) and graffiti. Graffiti is the act of marking property with writing, symbols or graphics and is illegal when committed without the property owner's consent (White 2001). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Crime Victimisation Survey 2011-2012, malicious property damage was more common than any other property offence, with 7.5 percent of respondents reporting having been a victim in the previous 12 months (ABS 2013). The cost of property damage to private property owners, local and state governments and businesses are significant, with an estimated cost of $1,522 per incident (in 2012 dollars) and a total cost to the Australian community of nearly $2 billion each year (Rollings 2008). This handbook forms part of a series of guides developed by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) to support local commerce groups (ie representative groups for business owners and operators), local government and the police to implement evidence-based crime prevention strategies. This handbook has been developed to help guide project managers through the stages of planning, implementing and evaluating a crime prevention project to reduce property damage offences in their local community, particularly in and around commercial precincts. The handbook provides an overview of the three key stages that are involved in delivering a project to reduce property damage: - Stage 1: Planning; - Stage 2: Implementation; and - Stage 3: Review. These steps do not necessarily need to be undertaken in order. Some steps may be undertaken concurrently or it may be necessary to revisit earlier steps. However, it is vital that some steps, such as consulting stakeholders and planning for evaluation, be undertaken early on in the project. Property damage is a very broad offence category. The choice of a particular intervention or interventions will depend largely on the nature of the local problem. Similarly, the successful implementation of a prevention strategy will often be heavily influenced by the characteristics of the local community. This needs to be considered throughout the life of a project. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Research in Practice Report No. 35: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip35/rip35.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip35/rip35.pdf Shelf Number: 133119 Keywords: Crime PreventionGraffitiProperty DamageVandalism |
Author: Cox, Joanne Title: Tagging and Graffiti: Attitudes and Experiences of New Zealanders Summary: The central aim of the study was to: - develop understanding of offender motivation and attitudes of young people more generally to tagging and graffiti. More specific questions form the central objectives of the study: - to develop knowledge of offenders' attitudes toward graffiti and tagging; - to understand the extent (if any) to which tagging and graffiti offending is associated with other criminal activity; - to identify factors that shape 'involvement decisions', 'event decisions' and 'desistance decisions' (Cornish and Clarke, 2006); - to examine the extent to which the transgressive nature of tagging and graffiti are central to offender motivation; - to establish the relationships between tagging, graffiti and other aspects of youth subculture. The research was conducted via an online survey and a series of focus groups. Findings from the survey and focus groups are presented in relation to three broad themes: general attitudes toward graffiti, the commissioning and writing of graffiti and tagging, and desistance from graffiti and tagging. Four themes of general significance emerge from the data: - graffiti writers do not form a group clearly or wholly distinct from non-graffiti writers; - graffiti is a meaningful cultural and social practice for writers and only indirectly 'appreciated' for its illegality; - graffiti writing is associated with a desire for local celebrity; - graffiti writers' perspectives on desistance suggest highly bounded rationality about prevention strategies. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Criminology, Victoria University Wellington, 2009. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2016 at: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/young_people_and_crime/Tagging_Report_VUW_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/young_people_and_crime/Tagging_Report_VUW_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 137858 Keywords: GraffitiPublic OpinionVandalism |
Author: Araya Lopez, Alexander Title: Public spaces, stigmatization and media discourses of graffiti practices in the Latin American press: Dynamics of symbolic exclusion and inclusion of urban youth Summary: This dissertation focuses on the discourses about graffiti practices (including tagging culture and pichacao/pixacao) in two Latin American newspapers, namely La Nacion in Costa Rica and Folha de Sao Paulo in Brazil. Considering ongoing processes of physical and symbolic exclusion directed towards urban youth, these discourses seem to be anchored in broader discussions regarding both the public sphere (in Habermas's sense) and shared public spaces. This research approaches "graffiti" in its multiplicity, emphasizing the diversity of (young) producers and their political, aesthetic and economic purposes. The all-encompassing notion of "youth" is also called into question, proposing a more open approach to what are called "youth cultures". Five different (but intertwined) discourses have been identified in this research, targeting both graffiti practices and producers: First, the medical-epidemiological discourse linked to hygiene and social prophylaxis. Second, the legal frame, in which graffiti is considered a form of vandalism, a threat to common heritage and to the maintenance of social order. Third, the criminogenic discourse, in which graffiti inscriptions are related to the (re)production of social violence. Fourth, an emergent discourse of social value, highlighting the role of graffiti practices in social campaigns (mostly directed toward peripheral youth). And fifth, the discourse that emphasizes the aesthetic or artistic value of the practice, including its recognition in both art institutions and the art market. While processes of co-optation are visible in relation to some of these productions, the unauthorized form of graffiti inscriptions (mostly tagging and pichacao/pixacao) could be read as a form of political communication, in the sense of acts of civil disobedience. The discussion of the notion of "space" is also included in this research, highlighting the necessity of recognizing the existence of alternative and countercultural spaces, as well as the affective/emotional uses of space. Therefore, considering the debate on the right to the city (proposed by Lefebvre), this research proposes approaching graffiti production as a form of dissent opposing the capitalist-oriented spatial rationality of contemporary urban environments. In short, an analysis of the discourses associated with practices such as graffiti production is crucial in order to understand the processes of production of urban environments, the policies associated with these spaces and the notions of "normalcy" and "order" that supposedly define them. Details: Berlin: Freien Universität Berlin, 2015. 236p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 28, 2016 at: http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000017060/Doktorarbeit_ARAYA_LOPEZ_ALEXANDER_2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Latin America URL: http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000017060/Doktorarbeit_ARAYA_LOPEZ_ALEXANDER_2015.pdf Shelf Number: 140493 Keywords: GraffitiPublic SpacesVandalism |
Author: Willcocks, Marcus Title: Graffiti Vandalism in Public Areas and Transport Reprot and Categorisation Summary: This report builds the starting point and fundament of the Graffolution research activities. It delivers information from an extensive literature review focusing on the extent of graffiti vandalism in Europe with specific concentration on public areas and transport. Early insights showed that the available data on the extent of graffiti vandalism is very fractured which makes a consistent European wide analysis challenging. The main problem is that there are very different forms of categorising graffiti vandalism based on very different views on the topic. The report provides critical insights about these existing categorisation models that are used to compare and understand graffiti vandalism. With an international perspective it reviews existing graffiti vandalism categorisations and from the literature a consistent categorisation model is developed thereby allowing the coherent restructuring of data and subsequent integration into the Graffolution platform. In contrast to the degenerative accounts of graffiti, the review also provides pertinent accounts of the prosocial regenerative effect and use of graffiti and street art. The following chapter describes the methodical approach that was chosen to gather and analyse the available data in a consistent way. The next section delivers essential insights of the reviewed sources and provides important background information on the gathered literature. The following state of the art chapter is divided into three subsections. Firstly, various existing categorisation models on graffiti vandalism are presented. Secondly concrete data (e.g. statistical data) is compiled for public areas as well as for public transport. Thirdly the gathered information was used to deduct a structured categorisation model. The implications chapter discusses main insights of the literature review and the conclusion section will finally give an outlook on the upcoming deliverables of Graffolution and how they will apply the insights gathered in this report. Details: Vienna, Austria: Graffolution, 2015. 119p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 29, 2016 at: http://project.graffolution.eu/wp-content/uploads/deliverable/Graffolution_608152_D2%201-Graffiti-vandalism-in-public-areas-and-transport-report-and-categorisation-model.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Europe URL: http://project.graffolution.eu/wp-content/uploads/deliverable/Graffolution_608152_D2%201-Graffiti-vandalism-in-public-areas-and-transport-report-and-categorisation-model.pdf Shelf Number: 146132 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Bhati, Abhishek Dalip Singh. Title: Stakeholder responses to vandalism at visitor attractions: a Singapore and Bangkok comparisons Summary: his PhD project considered specific tourist behaviours designated as acts of tourist vandalism. The study sought to understand stakeholder responses to the tourist linked vandalism. The context of this work was the tropics - specifically the popular tourism destinations of Singapore and Bangkok in South East Asia. Stakeholders considered were the community, managers of tourist facilities and government agency personnel responsible for policy matters related to attraction management. Each group of stakeholders held potentially different perspectives and likely responses to deviant behaviours. Component parts of the study considered the responses which aim to reduce or eliminate deviant behaviors. The research employed a post-positivist methodology to investigate the extent of vandalism, stakeholder attitudes, levels of community participation, nature of intervention strategies and future intentions related to visitor vandalism and its control. By applying the defensible space and crime prevention through environment design (CPTED) constructs from environmental design and management, the extent and nature of vandalism at visitor attractions was initially explored. In the subsequent parts of the work, the community, site managers and government officers’ responses were all investigated through surveys and structured interviews. Building on the major themes in the background literature reported in Chapters One and Two, Chapter Three specifically reported on a physical audit of 22 matched sites and discussed the prevalence of acts of property damage/vandalism at visitor attractions in the two countries. The visitor attractions were grouped into clusters with the help of the SPSS cluster analysis program. The cluster analysis revealed that sites under the sustainable cluster employed effective vandalism prevention and control practices in their operations. In comparison, the vandalised cluster evidenced mismanagement and lack of stakeholder participation resulting in widespread property damage. The other clusters were characterised by poor management practices, lack of ownership and participation or poor enforcement. Chapter Four evaluated community responses, their involvement with other stakeholder groups in joint action to address vandalism and desired levels of involvement to arrive at a better understanding of community’s role in addressing property damage. The study found that there was a widespread view that vandalism was a serious issue but there was also optimism in both locations, especially Bangkok, that the problem would be reduced in the future, although willingness to be involved in active intervention was not high. The third and final study in Chapter Five concentrated on the attitudes and responses of stakeholder groups such as site managers and government officers to property damage at visitor attraction under their supervision. This particular chapter explicitly highlighted the differences between responses of key stakeholder groups. Four key stakeholder groups were identified for the study: site managers in Bangkok (BSM), site managers in Singapore (SSM), government officers in Bangkok (BGO) and government offices in Singapore (SGO). The interview transcripts of the four groups were analysed with the help of relatively new and powerful content analysis software, Leximancer. The findings showed significant differences in the attitudes of the four stakeholder groups in terms of seriousness of property damage as a problem at the visitor attractions under their supervision. The concluding Chapter Six linked the findings and conclusions to the overall research problem. The chapter described the contributions of this research as a novel comparative study involving tropical tourism destinations in the Asia Pacific region. The limitations and challenges of the work were presented, and then the future directions of this area of inquiry identified. The research undertaken in this thesis has expanded upon the existing body of scientific knowledge and understanding in five main ways. First, it employed existing theoretical frameworks such as defensible space and the CPTED approach to crime prevention within a different context, that is, visitor behaviour at visitor attractions, and from a different conceptual focus of behaviour intervention instead of motivations to behaviour. Second, the physical audit study identified important site characteristics of the attraction property's design and management relevant to managing the tropical Asian context. Third, for the first time, arguably, it compared attitudes towards vandalism within the local community, in different countries and across a wide range of attraction sites. Fourth, the study evaluated the differing perspectives of key stakeholders – the site managers and government officials groups. Finally, it proposed a framework of property damage control and prevention at visitor attractions. This integrative model was based on the core premise that a systematic and coordinated effort is required to address the complex problem of vandalism at tourist attractions. Details: Cairns City, AUS: James Cook University, 2014. 395p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 3, 2017 at: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1899/1/1899-bhati-2014-thesis.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Asia URL: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1899/1/1899-bhati-2014-thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 141316 Keywords: GraffitiTourismVandalism |