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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:21 pm
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5 results foundAuthor: Woodman, Jenny Title: The GP's Role in Responding to Child Maltreatment: Time for a Rethink? An overview of policy, practice and research Summary: 1. A public health approach There are increasing calls for a public health approach to child maltreatment. A public health approach prioritizes prevention and early intervention. Within healthcare services, opportunities for a public health approach are located in the contact between professionals and children or their parents or carers and are likely to be characterised by identifying and responding to parental risk factors for maltreatment and harmful parent-child interaction. Defining the spectrum as 'maltreatment-related' concerns This report focuses on the role of GPs for marginally maltreated children (in the grey area around the threshold for defining 'maltreatment') as well as for children whose experiences can obviously and definitively be labelled as maltreatment. We use the term 'maltreatment-related concern' to capture the full range of professional concern which is relevant to child maltreatment. 2. Structure and methods This overview of policy, practice and research was based on a series of literature and policy reviews and answered five questions: - Chapter 3: Why focus on GPs? - Chapter 4: How far does policy and practice guidance support GPs' direct responses to families? - Chapter 5: What do we know from research and practice about direct responses to maltreatment-related concerns by GPs? - Chapter 6: What do we know about how parents, young people, adolescents and children view the doctor-patient relationship in general practice? - Chapter 7: What is the way forward? Details: London: NSPCC, 2014. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 21, 2014 at: http://www.rcgp.org.uk/news/2014/july/~/media/Files/CIRC/Safeguarding%20Children/RCGP-GP-Role-responding-to-child-maltreatment-July-2014.ashx Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.rcgp.org.uk/news/2014/july/~/media/Files/CIRC/Safeguarding%20Children/RCGP-GP-Role-responding-to-child-maltreatment-July-2014.ashx Shelf Number: 131261 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect (U.K.)Child MaltreatmentChild ProtectionHealthcareMedical Profession |
Author: Victorian (Australia) Auditor General Title: Bullying and Harassment in the Health Sector Summary: Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed toward a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety. Harassment is treating someone less favourably than another person or group because of a particular characteristic�such as ethnic origin, gender, age, disability or religion. Bullying and harassment have been shown to have significant negative outcomes for individuals. They can cause serious physical, psychological and financial harm to both those experiencing such treatment and to witnesses. Bullying and harassment can affect self-esteem, mental and physical wellbeing, work performance and relationships with colleagues, friends and family. Significant financial impacts may also result from work absences, medical costs, loss of job promotion opportunities and the risk of permanent disability. In 2010, the Productivity Commission estimated the total cost of workplace bullying to the Australian economy at between $6 billion and $36 billion annually. The impacts of bullying and harassment on the health sector are also significant. Research shows that these impacts include high staff turnover and associated recruitment and training costs, reduced productivity through poor morale and demands on management time, difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff, and the potential for significant legal costs and reputational damage. The prevalence of bullying and harassment in the health sector is not conclusively known, however, recent research suggests it is widespread: - In 2013, the Victorian Public Sector Commission�s (VPSC) People Matter survey found that 25 per cent of health agency employees reported experiencing bullying, the highest of all Victorian public sector agencies. - In 2014, Monash University's report Leading Indicators of Occupational Health and Safety: A report on a survey of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation found that 40 per cent of nursing professionals who responded to a survey reported experiencing bullying or harassment within the previous 12 months. - In 2015, a prevalence survey conducted by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons' Expert Advisory Group found that 39 per cent of surgeons who responded to the survey reported experiencing bullying and 19 per cent reported having experienced harassment. Occupational health and safety (OHS) legislation places duties on employers to eliminate or minimise health and safety risks in the workplace. Workplace bullying and harassment is best dealt with by taking steps to prevent it from occurring and responding quickly if it does occur. Fundamental to this is the need to create a positive workplace culture where everyone treats each other with respect. This is because bullying exists on a continuum of inappropriate workplace behaviours. Evidence indicates that workplace conflicts or minor inappropriate behaviours can easily escalate into bullying or harassment. Early intervention can prevent this. In addition, minor inappropriate behaviours can cause harm and distress and pose a risk to health and safety and need to be appropriately resolved. The audit focuses on the continuum of inappropriate workplace behaviour which includes bullying and harassment. Key steps in effectively addressing inappropriate behaviour to reduce the risk of bullying and harassment are: - identifying the potential for workplace bullying through data and identifying organisational risk factors - implementing control measures to prevent, minimise and respond to these risks, such as through building a positive, respectful culture and having good management practices and systems including policies, procedures and training - monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of these control measures. This audit focused on whether public health services and Ambulance Victoria (AV) are effectively managing the risk of bullying and harassment in the workplace. This audit included AV and four public health services - two tertiary metropolitan health services, one large regional health service and one small rural health service. These were selected on the basis of information contained in VPSC's People Matter survey and stakeholder consultations. The audit also included the Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS), WorkSafe Victoria and VPSC. As part of the audit, we undertook extensive interviews, conducted focus groups with managers and staff across the selected health services and AV, and analysed 82 public submissions. Details: Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer, 2016. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 26, 2016 at: http://www.audit.vic.gov.au/publications/20160323-Bullying/20160323-Bullying.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.audit.vic.gov.au/publications/20160323-Bullying/20160323-Bullying.pdf Shelf Number: 138818 Keywords: HarassmentHealthcareWorkplace BullyingWorkplace Crime |
Author: King's College London Title: PROTECT: Provider Responses Treatment and Care for Trafficked People Summary: Human trafficking is the recruitment and movement of people - often by means such as coercion, deception, and abuse of vulnerability - for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficked people experience multiple health risks prior to, during, and following their trafficking experiences, and many suffer acute and longer term health problems. As such, National Health Service (NHS) professionals have an essential role in the identification, referral, and clinical care of trafficked people in England. Human trafficking now falls within the United Kingdom's (UK) 'Modern Slavery Act, 2015', which received Royal Assent on 26th March 2015. The Modern Slavery Act addresses both human trafficking and slavery, defining slavery as knowingly holding a person in slavery or servitude or knowingly requiring a person to perform forced or compulsory labour. Yet, despite this renewed focus, there remains extremely limited evidence to inform health service responses to human trafficking. A systematic review conducted in 2012 found that previous research into the health needs of trafficked people focused predominantly on women in low and middle income countries who had been trafficked for sexual exploitation. Very little evidence existed on the needs of trafficked children, trafficked men, and of women trafficked for domestic servitude and labour exploitation, particularly in high income country settings. Evidence was also lacking on which healthcare services were most likely to be accessed by trafficked people and under what circumstances, and on the knowledge and training needs of NHS professionals. Our research programme therefore aimed to provide evidence to inform the NHS response to human trafficking, specifically the identification and safe referral of trafficked people and the provision of appropriate care to meet their health needs. The research programme was designed based on three core objectives: (1) To synthesise evidence on the number of trafficked adults and children identified and using NHS services in England, the healthcare needs of trafficked people, and their experiences and use of healthcare; (2) to document NHS experience, knowledge and gaps about trafficked people's health care needs; and (3) to provide recommendations research-based papers and dissemination strategies to support NHS staff to identify, refer and care for trafficked people and to become a strategic partner within the UK National Referral Mechanism (NRM)1 and with other agencies. Details: London: King's College London, 2015. 190p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 27, 2016 at: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/depts/hspr/research/CEPH/wmh/assets/PROTECT-Report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/depts/hspr/research/CEPH/wmh/assets/PROTECT-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 140060 Keywords: HealthcareHuman TraffickingMedical ServicesMental Health ServicesVictim ServicesVictims of Human Trafficking |
Author: Papageorge, Nicholas W. Title: Health, Human Capital and Domestic Violence Summary: We study the impact of health shocks on domestic violence and illicit drug use. We argue that health is a form of human capital that shifts incentives for risky behaviors, such as drug use, and also changes options outside of violent relationships. To estimate causal effects, we examine chronically ill women before and after a medical breakthrough and exploit differences in these women's health prior to the breakthrough. We show evidence that health improvements induced by the breakthrough reduced domestic violence and illicit drug use. Our findings provide support for the idea that health improvements can have far-reaching implications for costly social problems. The policy relevance of our findings is compounded by the fact that both domestic violence and illicit drug use are social problems often seen as frustratingly impervious to interventions. One possible reason is that the common factors that drive them, such underlying health or labor market human capital, are themselves very persistent over time. Our study provides a unique test of this hypothesis by examining what happens when factors underlying violence or drug use exogenously shift due to a medical technological advancement. Our findings suggest that both violence and drug use could be reduced by improving women's access to better healthcare. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series, no. 22887: Accessed December 7, 2016 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22887 Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22887 Shelf Number: 147927 Keywords: Domestic ViolenceHealthcareIntimate Partner ViolenceVictim ServicesViolence Against Women |
Author: Reilly, Judge Michael Title: Healthcare in Irish Prisons Summary: 1.1 In a report dated 18 April 2011 – Guidance on Physical Healthcare in a Prison Context (hereinafter referred to as ‘2011 report’) – I drew attention to the standard of healthcare in our prisons. I stated that the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) had identified deficiencies in the standard of healthcare provided in a number of Irish Prisons and that I concurred with this statement. I also stated that, from my inspections of prisons, I had concluded that the standard of healthcare varied from prison to prison. In my 2011 report I dealt with the general right to health that all citizens are entitled to. In addition, I detailed the right of prisoners to healthcare in a prison context. 1.2 In my ‘2011 report’ I made the case for the provision of appropriate healthcare for prisoners. 1.3 In paragraph 1.4 of my ‘2011 report’ I stated: I will expect that, as and from 1 July 2011, all prisons and those responsible for the provision of healthcare will be aware of their obligations and will ensure that best healthcare practice will prevail in all prisons. 1.4 Unfortunately, there are still deficiencies in the provision of healthcare in our prisons and that which is provided varies from prison to prison. 1.5 Following their last visit to Ireland in September 2014 the CPT stated that - the situation has improved in some prisons while it has deteriorated in others, such as Midlands Prison. 1.6 However, the CPT findings from the 2014 visit - highlighted poor management of prison healthcare services and disjointed through care provision. Doctors working in prisons appeared disconnected from the national healthcare service and prison healthcare did not receive the necessary management support, with clinical opinions not acted upon and lack of escort staff available within prisons resulting in numerous prisoners missing medical appointments. 1.7 The CPT recommended in its Report to the Government dated 17 November 2015 that: the Irish authorities identify an appropriate independent body to undertake a fundamental review of the healthcare services in Irish prisons. Furthermore, it would appreciate the observations of the Irish authorities on the question of bringing prison healthcare under the responsibility of the Ministry of Health. 1.8 The Department of Justice and Equality responded to the CPT in November 2015. Included in this response was the following: The IPS healthcare service aims to provide prisoners with access to the same quality and range of health services as that available to those entitled to public health services in the community and which are appropriate to the prison setting…. In regard to the request for observations on moving responsibility for primary care services to the Ministry for Health, the IPS is aware of an emerging trend in other European jurisdictions for national healthcare service providers to assume responsibility for prison healthcare delivery. In addition, as recently as 2013, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) published a policy brief on the organisation of prison health – entitled Good Governance for Prison Health in the 21st Century, which concluded that the management and coordination of health services to prisoners is a whole of Government responsibility and that “Health Ministries should provide, and be accountable for healthcare services in prisons, and advocate health prison conditions”. In the light of the CPT remarks, the aforementioned emerging trend of shifting responsibilities in this area and the conclusions of the WHO/UNODC policy briefing, discussions are ongoing between IPS, the Department of Justice and Equality, the Department of Health and the Health Service Executive on the future delivery model for healthcare in Irish prisons. 1.9 To date there has not been a review of the provision of prison healthcare. I understand that the discussions between the IPS, the Department of Justice and Equality, the Department of Health and the Health Service Executive (HSE) are still ongoing one year after the response to the CPT referred to in paragraph 1.8. 1.10 When I carry out inspections of prisons it is difficult to establish if in fact the healthcare interventions offered to prisoners are appropriate. It is also difficult to establish if the level of healthcare provision in any prison is such that it meets the healthcare needs of prisoners. This is because no health needs assessment of prisoners and no staffing needs analysis has been carried out. One cannot carry out a staffing needs analysis without first ascertaining the health needs assessment in each prison. 1.11 The purpose of this report is threefold, namely; • To point out again the absolute entitlement of prisoners to healthcare and the case for such healthcare to be provided by the Department of Health. (Chapter 2). • To point to the necessity of carrying out a health needs assessment of prisoners and a staffing needs analysis in each of our prisons. (Chapter 3). • To give guidance to the Irish Prison Service (IPS), to the management of prisons and the providers of healthcare in the prisons as to what will be expected of them in the area of healthcare when inspections are carried out by my office. (Chapter 4). 1.12 In Chapter 5, I set out my recommendations. 1.13 As this is an urgent issue having been highlighted by me and by such an august body as the CPT it is not unreasonable that a public response be forthcoming either accepting the thrust of this report and giving time lines for implementing my recommendations or rejecting this report. If the recommendations in this report are rejected it would be reasonable to expect that reasons for such rejection would be given. Details: Nenagh, Ireland: Office of the Inspector of Prisons, 2016. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 2, 2017 at: http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Healthcare_in_Irish_Prisons_Report.pdf/Files/Healthcare_in_Irish_Prisons_Report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Ireland URL: http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Healthcare_in_Irish_Prisons_Report.pdf/Files/Healthcare_in_Irish_Prisons_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 114292 Keywords: HealthcareMedical Care Prison Healthcare |