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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:58 am
Time: 11:58 am
Results for homicide rate
1 results foundAuthor: Brazil. Presidential Office for Strategic Affairs Title: Custos Economicos da Criminalidade no Brasil (The Economic Costs of Crime in Brazil) Summary: Brazil is among the top 10% of countries with the highest homicide rates in the world - despite having a population equivalent to 3% of the world population, the country accounts for about 14% of all homicides in the world. Brazilian homicide rates are similar to those in Rwanda, the Dominican Republic, South Africa and Democratic Republic of the Congo. -There have been three distinct times in the number of homicides in Brazil in the last 20 years. In the first period, from 1996 to 2003, there was an increase, from 35 thousand to 48 thousand homicides per year. In the subsequent period, between 2003 and 2007, there was a 48 thousand to 44 thousand victims a year. Finally, as of 2008, there was a further increase in the number of victims, although at a slower pace than before 2003, reaching 54 thousand in 2015. -Homicide rates are highly heterogeneous in the country. Some microregions, especially that of Sao Paulo, which has the largest population, has homicide rates close to 10 per 100 thousand inhabitants. On the other hand, some North-Northeast, such as Belem, Salvador, Fortaleza and Sao Luis, as well as the micro-region of the Surroundings of the Federal District, have homicide rates above 50 per 100 thousand inhabitants, which would put them at levels of some of the world's most violent countries, such as Jamaica, Venezuela and Honduras. -The evolution in homicide rates in the last decade was also significantly heterogeneity, with a downward trend in homicide rates in the Southeast and increase in the North-Northeast. -It is estimated that, for each homicide of 13- to 25-year-olds, the present value of the loss of productive capacity is about 550 thousand reais. The cumulative loss of productive capacity resulting from homicides, between 1996 and 2015, surpassed 450 billion reais. -The economic costs of crime increased substantially between 1996 and 2015, from about 113 billion reais to 285 billion reais. This is equivalent to an average real increase of about 4.5% per year. By 2015, the components, in order of relevance were: public security (1.35% of GDP); private security (0.94% of GDP); insurance and material losses (0.8% of GDP); judicial costs (0.58% of the GDP); loss of productive capacity (0.40% of GDP); imprisonment (0.26% of GDP); costs of medical and therapeutic services (0.05% of GDP), reaching a total of 4.38% of national income. -The two decades between 1996-2015 were a period of sharp increase in spending the public sector, with a cumulative increase of about 170%. The costs of the private sector also had strong growth, although slightly lower, reaching 135% real increase in the period. -Despite these substantive real increases in public spending on security the social return of such an increase was limited. In the same period, the total number of of homicides in the country rose from 35 thousand to 54 thousand per year. -The economic costs of crime fall disproportionately Federal Units (UFs) that have lower income levels. Increases public expenditures for this area, therefore, would social resources for unproductive activities without tangible return on violence reduction. -In addition to having little return in relation to the increase in public spending, the the fiscal scenario has deteriorated since the beginning of the 2014-16 recession, limiting future increases. Between December 2013 and December 2016, 20 UFs had an increase in their level of indebtedness, with three states (RJ, RS and MG) beyond the legal limit. -Although there are cases of states with high homicide rates and greater fiscal space, Most FUs have limited fiscal space, which indicates that policy alternatives security can not simply be based on of public expenditure. -Prospectively, conditioned by Constitutional Amendment No. 95, the federal government should remain stable at real levels, and because of the limited in several UFs, it is unlikely that this scenario of growth in government revenues relative to GDP. -In a context of budget constraints, it is essential to future of public security policies by cost-benefit analyzes, prioritizing those that bring greater social return for each real invested. International and domestic experiences attest that the traditional model of semi-random patrolling, a rapid response to action calls, further investigations by the police force and law enforcement efforts without are not effective in reducing crime levels. -Increasing the efficiency of public security policies depends on the establishment of an evidence-based security policy - that is, the design of public policies based on state-of-the-art evidence what kinds of interventions work. In this way, the aggregation of data on the performance of security forces and the monitoring/the implementation of public policies, adapting them or discontinuing them when their efficacy is not observed. -This Conjuncture Report contains a list of the effectiveness of different interventions and recommendations based on empirical studies, meta-analyzes, and revisions of the scientific literature. Details: S.L.: Brazil's Presidency of the Republic, General Secretary, 2018. 76p. Source: Internet Resource (in Portuguese): Accessed June 17, 2019 at: http://www.secretariageral.gov.br/estrutura/secretaria_de_assuntos_estrategicos/publicacoes-e-analise/relatorio-de-conjuntura/custos_economicos_criminalidade_brasil.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Brazil URL: http://www.secretariageral.gov.br/noticias/governo-federal-apresenta-os-custos-economicos-da-criminalidade-no-brasil/@@slideshow_view Shelf Number: 156474 Keywords: Brazil Costs of Crime Costs of Criminal Justice Costs of Violence Homicide Rate |