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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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Results for injuries
10 results foundAuthor: Anderson, Zara Title: Evaluation of the Lancashire Polycarbonate Glass Pilot Project Summary: Glassware used in pubs, bars and nightclubs can be a major cause of injury to customers and staff. Glasses and bottles are used in 4% of all violent incidents in England and Wales and are the most common weapons used in violence occurring in drinking environments. Such violence can result in serious and sometimes fatal injury, placing major burdens on individuals and public services, including health and criminal justice agencies. Accidental breakage of glassware is also a significant cause of unintentional injury in licensed premises. One study found that, in just six months, 26% of bar workers were injured by broken glasses. A third of unintentional injuries suffered by customers in a major UK nightclub were caused by broken glass. To prevent glass-related violence, police and licensing authorities in many areas have encouraged or mandated the use of safer drinking vessels, including polycarbonate glassware (PCG) in licensed premises. Such moves have often been met with resistance by both the alcohol industry and drinkers, through concerns around negative impacts on trade and drinking experience. However, the quality of PCG has improved in recent years and little information is available on the impacts of introducing high quality PCG in licensed premises. To address this, a project was undertaken in Lancashire by police, health services and academics to provide high quality PCG to licensed premises and assess its impacts on injury, perceptions of safety and violence, and its acceptability to customers and the licensed trade. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2009. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 8, 2010 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=561 Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=561 Shelf Number: 120413 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime and Disorder (U.K.)AssaultsCrime PreventionInjuries |
Author: Fisher, Geoff Title: Causing Serious Injury – Recklessly and Intentionally Current Sentencing Practices Summary: This report focuses on intentionally causing serious injury and recklessly causing serious injury and examines data collected from sentencing remarks on 228 cases sentenced in the higher courts in 2008–09. Key features of causing serious injury offences were: Punching was the most common action used by offenders (49.8% of charges) and kicking to the head was the least common (7.8%). The offender used a weapon in nearly two-thirds of charges (63.7%). Injuries sustained by victims were most likely to be cuts or lacerations (59.8%) and were least likely to be a permanent disability (3.9%), while one in five suffered head injuries (21.1%) and nearly one-quarter suffered loss of consciousness (23.4%). The victim was more likely to be known to the offender (55.2%) than a stranger (40.2%), but very unlikely to be a partner or ex-partner (7.0%). The vast majority of offenders pleaded guilty to the offence (89.8%). Over one-quarter of offenders had served an imprisonment sentence prior to sentencing, and two-thirds had committed a previous offence as an adult (65.8%). Nearly four in five offenders had at least one personal background factor mentioned in sentencing remarks (79.4%), nearly two-thirds had a substance abuse issue and one-quarter suffered abuse or neglect as a child (27.2%). The report examines the extent to which characteristics of causing serious injury cases influence sentencing outcomes. Statistical modelling finds that criminal history, namely prior imprisonment and prior offending, is the primary factor determining whether an offender receives an immediate custodial sentence. Details: Melbourne: Sentencing Advisory Council, 2011. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2011 at: http://sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/sites/sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/files/causing_serious_injury_recklessly_and_intentionally_current_sentencing_practices.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/sites/sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/files/causing_serious_injury_recklessly_and_intentionally_current_sentencing_practices.pdf Shelf Number: 122733 Keywords: AssaultsInjuriesSentencing (Australia) |
Author: Wood, Sara Title: Injuries and Violence: Local Authority Indicators for the North West Summary: This report brings together a range of data sources available at a local authority (LA) level to explore the extent of injury and violence across the North West. It is an accompaniment to the recent series of eleven pocket booklets on injury and violence prevention published by the UK focal point for violence and injury prevention, and available to download at www.preventviolence.info. Reflecting the key injury and violence types covered by the booklets, this report explores data on: ï‚· Road traffic accidents ï‚· Falls in older people ï‚· Burns ï‚· Sports injuries ï‚· Childhood injuries ï‚· Child maltreatment ï‚· Youth violence ï‚· Sexual violence ï‚· Intimate partner violence ï‚· Elder abuse ï‚· Self harm and suicide Seven data sources have been utilised: police reports, fire and rescue service data, ambulance callouts, accident and emergency department data, hospital admissions and deaths. Data sources and analyses are described in more detail in Table 1. This report presents data sheets (population-based rates or numbers) for each local authority. Data sheets are colour coded, highlighting where levels are statistically higher or lower than the North West average and where there are current gaps in data collection or availability. The data contained in this report is currently being developed into an online tool, which will allow more detailed information to be accessed by local authorities such as indicator rankings within the North West. Details: Liverpool: Liverpool John Moores University, Center for Public Health, 2011. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 16, 2011 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=710 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=710 Shelf Number: 122751 Keywords: InjuriesViolence (U.K.)Violent Crime |
Author: del Frate, Anna Alvazzi Title: Non-lethal Firearm Violence Summary: When a gun is fired the result is not always fatal: many victims survive. This may sound like good news, but the consequences of firearm injuries can be extremely severe, and treatment and recovery place a heavy burden on survivors, their families, communities, and society. Non-lethal firearm violence is far more widespread than deaths from firearms worldwide. A better knowledge of the incidence and patterns of non-lethal firearm violence would clarify the overall burden of armed violence on society and underpin the development of effective responses. Yet current information about non-lethal firearm injuries is limited, and is hampered by a lack of data. This Research Note summarizes findings published in the Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets,1 focusing especially on the impact of intentional injuries committed with a firearm (firearm assaults), but also considering the consequences of self-inflicted and unintentional firearm injuries. The first section explains how the type of firearm and ammunition, as well as the availability of medical care, influence the ‘survivability’ of firearm injuries; the second reviews existing data sources; the third section presents available data on the incidence of non-fatal injuries; while the last one examines direct and indirect costs of firearm injuries. Details: Geneva, SWIT: Small Arms Survey, 2013. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Notes, No. 32: Accessed August 6, 2013 at: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/H-Research_Notes/SAS-Research-Note-32.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/H-Research_Notes/SAS-Research-Note-32.pdf Shelf Number: 129549 Keywords: Gun ViolenceGuns (U.S.)Injuries |
Author: Cherpitel, Cheryl J. Title: Prevention of Alcohol-Related Injuries in the Americas: From Evidence to Police Action Summary: This edited volume on alcohol and injuries provides an overview of the burden of alcohol in injuries in the Americas plus research and policy perspectives of the current state of knowledge on alcohol’s association with injuries, based on emergency room (ER) studies in the region. These include studies conducted in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and the United States, over a number of years, using the same methodology and protocol (including probability sampling of injured patients). Therefore, the samples drawn from individual ERs can be considered representative of that ER. While alcohol is known to be highly associated with injury, studies in the Americas are relatively few and the magnitude and diversity of the association across country contexts has not been explored. This book focuses on epidemiologic evidence from ER studies in the region, including those recently supported by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in five countries, and addresses issues related to ongoing surveillance, intervention, prevention, and policy strategies aimed at reducing alcohol-related injury. This book is the first to focus on alcohol and injuries in the Americas, and draws on contributions from multiple researchers in the region with broad and long-term experience in this field of study. The terms “emergency room” (ER) and “emergency department” (ED) are used interchangeably throughout the book to refer to facilities that treat injuries of all levels of severity, as opposed to “trauma centers,” which are based within emergency service departments in the United States, and only treat the most severe injuries. The first section of the book provides an overview of alcohol consumption in the region and the role of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the burden of alcohol-related diseases. Alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking resulting in harmful outcomes, including injury, are discussed, as well as the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of the burden of injuries attributable to alcohol (from the 2010 Comparative Risk Assessment) compared to those for 1990, by gender. Alcohol’s role in violence-related injuries and those resulting from traffic crashes, which together are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the region, is also highlighted. The second section of the book addresses the epidemiological evidence of alcohol’s association with injury in the region, based on ER studies. Following a review of the literature on ER studies conducted in the Americas, a description is provided of the methodology used in these studies, and a recent study is highlighted as one example of the diverse political and health services contexts across these studies. Prevalence of alcohol-related injury is reported across countries by cause of injury, along with differences in alcohol-related injury by country-level contextual variables, including income, societal drinking patterns, and alcohol control policies. Relative risk of injury is estimated by cause of injury and amount of alcohol consumed prior to the injury event, and the alcohol-attributable fraction (AAF) is calculated, taking into account country-level drinking pattern and alcohol policy. Differences in the context of drinking and injury are examined across countries in relation to the number and type of alcoholic beverages consumed, and demographic predictors of alcohol-related injury are analyzed by country income level. Drinking pattern as a predictor of alcohol-related injury is also examined, taking into account individual usual volume of consumption and aggregate-level volume, pattern, and alcohol policy measures. The third section of the book focuses on identification of alcohol-related injury in the ER and intervention and policy strategies. Surveillance of alcohol-related injuries is discussed, along with assessment of alcohol intoxication based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC), using the ICD-101 Y90 codes, compared to clinical assessment, using the ICD-10 Y91 codes. Strategies to prevent alcohol- related injury targeted to high-risk products, settings, and populations are also discussed, along with implementation of screening and brief intervention (BI) in the ER setting. The volume concludes with a discussion of implementation and enforcement of various alcohol policies aimed at reducing the public health impact of alcohol-related injuries in the Americas, including their prevention and management, in concordance with WHO global strategy for reducing the harmful use of alcohol. Details: Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization, National Office for the Americas, 2013. 200p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2014 at: www.paho.org Year: 2013 Country: South America URL: www.paho.org Shelf Number: 132025 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunk and DisorderlyInjuries |
Author: King, Douglas Title: Moving to Minimum Force: Police Dogs and Public Safety in British Columbia Summary: Every two days someone in British Columbia is injured by a police dog. Police Service Dog (PSD) bites are the leading cause of injury at the hands of municipal police, exceeding by a factor of six injuries incurred by all other forms of non-lethal force, including batons, pepper spray, fists, and Arwen rounds (beanbags). Unlike other police impact weapons such as fists and batons, police dogs are unique in their tendency to inflict permanent injury. Despite heavy reliance on PSDs and the high rates of injury associated with their use, there are no uniform policies specifying when a police dog unit should respond to a call, the types of situations that warrant the deployment of a dog, or how records relating to police dog deployments and related injuries should be kept. This study relies on in-depth case studies from Pivot Legal Society's client base, as well as case law and statistical data provided by the Office of the Police Complaints Commissioner (OPCC) and the RCMP. This study evaluates the prevalence of PSD bites, the impact that training and deployment practices have on the frequency and severity of injuries, and how PSDs fit into the Canadian National Police Use of Force Framework (NUFF). Details: Vancouver, BC: Pivot Legal Society, 2014. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2015 at: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/pivotlegal/pages/648/attachments/original/1403740129/Moving_to_Minimum_Force.pdf?1403740129 Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/pivotlegal/pages/648/attachments/original/1403740129/Moving_to_Minimum_Force.pdf?1403740129 Shelf Number: 135847 Keywords: InjuriesPolice Dogs |
Author: Parker, Khristy Title: Alaska Trauma Registry: Trauma Admissions Involving Alcohol or Illegal Drugs, 2014 Summary: The Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) is an active surveillance system that collects data pertaining to hospitalizations of the most seriously injured patients in Alaska. Data collected include patient demographics, injury event, patient transport, treatment, and outcomes. Since 1991, the Alaska Trauma Registry has collected data from all 24 (22 civilian and 2 Department of Defense) acute care hospitals, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of trauma patient care, monitoring serious injury, injury prevention, and trauma system development. The ATR is a subsidiary of the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS), Division of Public Health. This fact sheet presents data from the ATR - specifically, numbers of trauma admissions, patient demographics, and the presence of alcohol or illegal drugs in trauma admissions for 2014. Data used in this Fact Sheet were provided to the Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Center (AJSAC) by ATR. Details: Anchorage: Alaska Statistical Analysis Center, 2016. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Fact Sheet: Accessed March 16, 2016 at: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/ajsac/2016/ajsac.16-01.atr2014.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/ajsac/2016/ajsac.16-01.atr2014.pdf Shelf Number: 138266 Keywords: AlcoholismDrug Abuse and AddictionHospitalsIllegal DrugInjuries |
Author: Wood, Sara Title: A guide to using health data to inform local violence prevention Summary: Anonymised health data have an important role to play in preventing local violence. Health data sources available at a local level include: local Accident and Emergency department (A&E) data, HES (Hospital Episode Statistics) experimental A&E data, HES hospital admissions data and ambulance service data. Data from these sources can be analysed to: measure the extent of violence in a local area and identify long term trends; identify when assaults are most likely to occur; identify at-risk populations and communities; identify hotspot locations for violence; and identify the circumstances of assault. These pieces of information can support violence prevention through e.g. informing needs assessments, identifying police priorities, setting and monitoring local targets for violence, informing the types of strategies needed, informing the timing and location of interventions, identifying which population groups interventions should target, supporting police licensing decisions and reviews, and evaluating violence prevention activity. The use of anonymous health data in local violence prevention relies on the regular sharing of data between health services and local partners involved in addressing violence (e.g. Community Safety Partnerships [CSPs], public health professionals and police). A number of factors are thought to be helpful in achieving successful data sharing systems between health services and local partners. For A&Es in particular, this includes: a dedicated post/staff member within an A&E to take data sharing forward; strong relationships between A&E staff and local partners; the existence of a data sharing partner/agency to facilitate data sharing; regular feedback to A&E staff on data use; positive attitudes towards the collection and use of A&E data among all partners; and training of A&E staff in collecting assault data. Data sharing systems could be set up using the following guide: Step 1 - hold initial meetings between health services and local partners; Step 2 - explore and agree how existing data fields can be used and shared, whether any extra data fields are required, and how these can be collected and shared; Step 3 - agree on what a successful data sharing system will look like and how it can be monitored; Step 4 - develop a data sharing agreement between health services and local partners; Step 5 - initiate data sharing and ensure it is used to inform local violence prevention activities; Step 6 - set up regular feedback meetings between all partners. It is best practice to develop a data sharing agreement between health services and local partners to clearly specify how data will be provided, stored and used. This will ensure that the health data remains protected. Details: Liverpool: Liverpool John Moores University, Center for Public Health, 2014. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/FINAL-A-guide-to-using-health-data-to-inform-violence-prevention-13.5.15.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/FINAL-A-guide-to-using-health-data-to-inform-violence-prevention-13.5.15.pdf Shelf Number: 147627 Keywords: Crime Prevention Information Sharing InjuriesViolence Prevention |
Author: Semple, Tori Title: Injuries and Deaths Proximate to Oleoresin Capsicum Spray Deployment: A Literature Review Summary: The primary goal of this literature review was to assess research (both published and unpublished) related to injuries and deaths proximate to Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) spray deployment. A search of several databases and search engines produced 22 documents that were deemed relevant for the review. Existing research makes it clear that OC spray is now commonly used across a variety of settings, including law enforcement and corrections. Research has also demonstrated that the impact of OC spray will vary as a function of numerous factors, including: its concentration, its physiochemical properties, the deployment device used, and a range of subject (e.g., clothing) and environmental (e.g., weather) factors. A number of studies have examined the operational effectiveness of OC spray (i.e., to control resistant subjects). Some of these studies have included injuries (to the subject and to the person deploying the spray) as outcome variables. This research demonstrates that OC spray is often effective and it is typically associated with decreased odds of both subject and "deployer" injury. This finding is relatively consistent across jurisdictions and conditions. Although there are exceptions, when OC-associated injuries do occur, they consistently appear to be relatively minor. Other research focuses more specifically on the nature of injuries that are associated with the use of OC spray. Most of the specific injuries reported in the literature are relatively minor and individuals targeted by OC spray rarely seem to require serious medical attention. It appears to be very uncommon for OC-associated injuries to have a long-term, negative impact on the affected individual. The vast majority of reported injuries involve eye and skin irritation or pain, altered vision, corneal abrasions, and respiratory symptoms. A number of documents also examined deaths that appear to be associated with the deployment of OC spray. Based on the evidence cited, OC spray is rarely associated with serious harm or death. However, when OC spray is used proximate to a subject's death, common themes are present. In the majority of reported deaths associated with OC spray exposure, the subject appears to be: male, combative, intoxicated (by drugs and/or alcohol), placed in a prone maximal restraint position, and have pre-existing health conditions (most commonly asthma, obesity, and/or cardiovascular disease). Very rarely in the studies we cited was OC spray deemed a contributory or sole cause of death; instead, medical practitioners point to various combinations of these pre-existing factors. The literature review identified several factors that appear to be commonly associated with the deployment of OC spray. These include: the presence of Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS), positional asphyxia (especially related to hobble or hog-tie restraint positions), pre-existing health conditions such as asthma and obesity, and drug use (most commonly, psychostimulants such as cocaine). Details: Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2018. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: 2018 No. R-405: Accessed March 13, 2018 at: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/scc-csc/PS83-3-405-eng.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Canada URL: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/scc-csc/PS83-3-405-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 149458 Keywords: Deaths in CustodyHealth CareInjuriesOleoresin CapsicumPepper Spray |
Author: Cardiff University. Violence and Society Research Group Title: Developing and Accident and Emergency Based Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnership Performance Measure Summary: In order that resources are used most appropriately by local safety partnerships in challenging the causes and consequences of violent crime, it is essential that implementation is appropriately monitored and effectiveness determined. The principal cost from violent crime is the emotional and physical costs born by victims and it is therefore appropriate that these victim costs should provide a measure which can be used to target resources and to determine whether allocation is cost effective. Serious violent crime is partly defined by the severity of injury inflicted on the victim and therefore Accident and Emergency (A&E) data offers an opportunity to judge both the prevalence and seriousness of violence in local communities. A&E units across the UK collate and hold detailed information on patients' health following assault and recording practices can be easily refined so that epidemiological assault-related injury data is available. Given the potential utility of A&E data it is therefore surprising that less than ten A&E units have a long-standing active collaboration with their local safety partnerships across England and Wales. This report provides an overview of how A&E data are being used across nine hospitals in England and Wales and estimates the value, in terms of emotional and physical costs, of violent crime. These data are compared with local safety partnership activities and, although the sample is selective, suggest that partnerships between A&E units and safety partnerships can help target resources effectively and that doing so is cost effective in terms of the resources required to use those data against the potential savings in victim costs. Details: Cardiff: Cardiff University, 2008. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2018 at: https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/0708241_performance_measure.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/0708241_performance_measure.pdf Shelf Number: 152921 Keywords: Costs of Crime Health Care InjuriesVictim Services Victims of Crime Violent Crime |