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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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Results for juvenile crime
16 results foundAuthor: Belfield, Clive R. Title: High School Dropouts and the Economic Losses from Juvenile Crime in California Summary: This paper estimates the economic loss from juvenile crime associated with not completing high school before age 18. Using results from three separate studies and applying their results for California, it finds the annual juvenile crime loss associated with high school dropouts at $1.1 billion. Finally, it compares the losses from juvenile crime with the costs of improving the education system and calculates that savings in juvenile crime along will offset approximately 16% of the costs of providing these interventions. Details: Santa Barbara, CA: Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2009. 55p. Source: California Dropout Research Project Report #16 Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116680 Keywords: Cost-Benefit AnalysisCosts of CrimeEducationHigh School DropoutsJuvenile Crime |
Author: Kifer, Misty M. Title: Idaho's Juvenile Crime, 2002-2007 Summary: Using data from Idaho's repository for the National Incident-Based Reporting System, this report describes juvenile crime in Idaho between 2002 and 2007. The report provides and in-depth look at juvenile crime in Idaho, provides a description of juvenile offenders and arrestees, examines the victims of juvenile crime and the types of crime juveniles commit, and provides details of the offense and arrest to give a better understanding of juvenile crime in Idaho. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho State Police, Planning, Grants and Research Bureau, Statistical Analysis Center, 2008. 25p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119261 Keywords: Crime StatisticsJuvenile CrimeJuvenile Offenders (Idaho) |
Author: Percy, Stephen L. Title: Evaluation of the Safe and Sound Initiative in Milwaukee Summary: The Safe & Sound Initiative contracted with the Center for Urban Initiatives and Research (CUIR) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Safe & Sound Initiative. The three prongs of the Initiative include: (1) Safe Places that offer programs and support for youth after school and in the early evening, (2) Community Partners who work in Milwaukee’s neighborhoods as organizers to learn resident concerns about crime and share crime information with law enforcement agencies, and (3) Area Specific Law Enforcement where the Milwaukee Police Department (MPD), Safe & Sound, and Milwaukee High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) work together to produce a reduction in violent crime. This comprehensive assessment of the Safe & Sound Initiative utilized an extensive and diverse array of data collection strategies in order to garner knowledge on many different facets of the Initiative and obtain information from a large set of stakeholders. Data collection strategies include: (1) information abstracted from proposals for Safe Places funding, (2) interviews with key staff in Safe Places, (3) interviews with Community Partners, (4) interviews with community leaders, (5) interviews with law enforcement officials, (6) interviews with local elected officials, (7) interviews with neighborhood residents living near Safe Places, (8) focus groups with youth who attend Safe Places, (9) “quick”, on-the-street surveys with youth, (10) on-site observations at Safe Places, and (11) examination of crime data. For Safe Places, this evaluation is conducted at two levels of analysis. The first level explores the full array of 35 Safe Places operating during 2007 and the second examines, more intensely, eight selected Safe Places that together represent diversity with regard to type of organization (i.e., some operated as branches of larger organizations and some were single entity nonprofits), geographic location within the city, programming, and size of budget. The eight intensive study sites are: Running Rebels, Latino Community Center, Mary Ryan Boys and Girls Club, Agape Community Center, Parkland YMCA, Silver Spring Neighborhood Center (at the John Muir Community Learning Center), COA Golden Center, and Davis Boys and Girls Club. Details: Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Center for Urban Initiatives and Research, 2008. 257p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119517 Keywords: Community ParticipationDelinquency PreventionDrug TraffickingJuvenile CrimeJuvenile OffendersViolent Crime (Milwaukee) |
Author: Weisburd, David L. Title: Hot Spots of Juvenile Crime: Findings From Seattle Summary: This bulletin summarizes the results of a study that reviewed the distribution of juvenile crime in Seattle. The researchers geographically mapped the crime incidents in which a juvenile was arrested to identify the rates and hot spots of juvenile crime in the city. Key findings include the following: • Fifty percent of all juvenile crime incidents occurred at less than 1 percent of street segments—an area that includes the addresses on both sides of a street between two intersections. All juvenile crime incidents occurred at less than 5 percent of street segments. • Juvenile crime was concentrated in public and commercial areas where youth gather—schools, youth centers, shops, malls, and restaurants—rather than residential areas.• Crime rates often vary from one street segment to the next, suggesting that police efforts targeting these hot spots can reduce crime. • Many juvenile crime hot spots coincide with areas where youth congregate, which indicates that closer supervision of these public places, in the form of place managers or patrols, may help lower juvenile crime rates in those areas. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2011. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Juvenile Justice Bulletin: Accessed October 18, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/231575.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/231575.pdf Shelf Number: 123048 Keywords: Crime AnalysisCrime Hot SpotsGeographic StudiesHigh Crime AreasJuvenile CrimeJuvenile Offenders (Seattle) |
Author: Great Britain. HM Government. Violent and Youth Crime Prevention Unit Title: Ending Gang and Youth Violence: A Cross-Government Report including further evidence and good practice case studies Summary: Gangs and youth violence have been a blight on our communities for years. The disorder in August was not caused solely by gangs but the violence we saw on our streets revealed all too vividly the problems that sometimes lie below the surface and out of sight. Over the years successive government interventions, initiatives and funds have failed to stop the problem. A concerted, long-term effort is now needed. Since August, a group of senior ministers – led by the Home Secretary, working closely with the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions – has undertaken a thorough review of the problem of gang and youth violence. They have visited a range of projects working to stop youth violence; heard from international experts about what works in the United States and elsewhere; consulted with senior police officers and local authority officials; and talked to young people themselves. Several key messages have emerged. Firstly, the vast majority of young people are not involved in violence or gangs and want nothing to do with it. Secondly, the small number of young people who are involved have a disproportionately large impact on the communities around them in some parts of the UK. It is clear that gang membership increases the risk of serious violence. And thirdly, this small minority of violent young people is not randomly distributed and does not appear out of the blue. Some areas suffer significantly greater levels of violence than others; some individual and family risk factors repeat themselves time and time again. The police and other agencies need the support and powers to protect communities affected by gangs and to bring the violence under control. But gang and youth violence is not a problem that can be solved by enforcement alone. We need to change the life stories of young people who end up dead or wounded on our streets or are getting locked into a cycle of re-offending. Only by encouraging every agency to join up and share information, resources and accountability can these problems be solved. The Government has already set in motion a number of far-reaching reforms to address the entrenched educational and social failures that can drive problems like gang and youth violence. Our welfare reforms will give young people better opportunities to access work and overcome barriers to employment. Our education reforms will drive up pupil performance and increase participation in further study and employment. The new Localism Bill will give local areas the power to take action and pool their resources through Community Budgets. Our plans to turn around the lives of the most troubled families will also be crucial. A new Troubled Families Team in the Department for Communities and Local Government, headed by Louise Casey, will drive forward the Prime Minister’s commitment to turn around the lives of 120,000 troubled families with reduced criminality and violence key outcomes for this work. Not every area will have a problem of gangs or youth violence, so our focus will be on the areas that do. We will offer them support to radically improve the way their mainstream services manage the young people most at risk from gangs or violence. At every stage of a young person’s life story, the mainstream agencies with which they have most contact – health visitors, GPs, teachers, A&E departments, local youth workers and Jobcentre Plus staff – need to be involved in preventing future violence. That means simple risk assessment tools, clear arrangements for sharing information about risk between agencies, agreed referral arrangements to make sure young people get the targeted support they need, and case management arrangements which bring agencies together to share accountability for outcomes and track progress. This Report sets out our detailed plans for making this happen. Providing support to local areas to tackle their gang or youth violence problem. We will: • establish an Ending Gang and Youth Violence Team working with a virtual network of over 100 expert advisers to provide practical advice and support to local areas with a gang or serious youth violence problem; • provide £10 million in Home Office funding in 2012-13 to support up to 30 local areas to improve the way mainstream services identify, assess and work with the young people most at risk of serious violence, with at least half this funding going to the non-statutory sector; and • invest at least £1.2 million of additional resource over the next three years to improve services for young people under 18 suffering sexual violence in our major urban areas – with a new focus on the girls and young women caught up in gang-related rape and abuse. Preventing young people becoming involved in violence in the first place, with a new emphasis on early intervention and prevention. We will: • deliver our existing commitments on early intervention, which research shows is the most cost-effective way of reducing violence in later life. We will double the capacity of Family Nurse Partnerships and recruit 4,200 more health visitors by 2015 and will invest over £18 million in specialist services to identify and support domestic violence victims and their children (who themselves are at particular risk of turning to violence in adulthood); • assess existing materials on youth violence prevention being used in schools and ensure schools know how to access the most effective; • improve the education offered to excluded pupils to reduce their risk of involvement in gang violence and other crimes; and • support parents worried about their children’s behaviour by working with a range of family service providers to develop new advice on gangs. Pathways out of violence and the gang culture for young people wanting to make a break with the past. We will: • continue to promote intensive family intervention work with the most troubled families, including gang members, with a specific commitment to roll out Multi-Systemic Therapy for young people with behavioural problems and their families to 25 sites by 2014; • set up a second wave of Youth Justice Liaison and Diversion schemes for young offenders at the point of arrest, which identify and target mental health and substance misuse problems. These will be targeted at areas where there is a known and significant gang or youth crime problem; • work, through the Ending Gang and Youth Violence Team, with hospital Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments and children’s social care to promote better local application of guidance around young people who may be affected by gang activity presenting at A&E; • explore the potential for placing youth workers in A&E departments to pick up and refer young people at risk of serious violence; • support areas, through the Ending Gang and Youth Violence Team, to roll out schemes to re-house former gang members wanting to exit the gang lifestyle; • explore ways to improve education provision for young people in the secure estate and for those released from custody; and • implement new offending behaviour programmes for violent adult offenders in prison and under community supervision, including new modules on gang violence. Punishment and enforcement to suppress the violence of those refusing to exit violent lifestyles. We will: • extend police and local authority powers to take out gang injunctions to cover teenagers aged 14 to 17; • implement mandatory custodial sentences for people using a knife to threaten or endanger others – including for offenders aged 16 and 17; • introduce mandatory life sentences for adult offenders convicted of a second very serious violent or sexual crime; • extend the work that the UK Border Agency undertakes with the police using immigration powers to deport dangerous gang members who are not UK citizens, drawing on the success of Operation Bite in London; and • consult on whether the police need additional curfew powers and on the need for a new offence of possession of illegal firearms with intent to supply, and on whether the penalty is at the right level for illegal firearm importation. Partnership working to join up the way local areas respond to gang and other youth violence. We will: • issue clear and simple guidelines on data sharing that clarify once and for all the position on what information can be shared between agencies about high risk individuals on a risk aware, not risk averse, basis; • promote the roll-out of Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hubs (MASH), which co-locate police and other public protection agencies, to cut bureaucracy and make it easier to share information and agree actions; • deliver on our commitment that all hospital A&E departments share anonymised data on knife and gang assaults with the police and other agencies and pilot the feasibility of including A&E data on local crime maps; • encourage the use of local multi-agency reviews after every gang-related homicide to ensure every area learns the lessons of the most tragic cases. This Report marks the beginning of a new commitment to work across government to tackle the scourge of gang culture and youth violence. An Inter-Ministerial Group, chaired by the Home Secretary, will meet on a quarterly basis to review progress, including by the Ending Gang and Youth Violence team. We will also establish a forum of key external organisations to meet regularly with Ministers and hold the Government to account on delivery. And we will ensure the views of young people themselves are heard too. Details: London: UK Stationery Office, 2011. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: Command Paper 8211: Accessed November 19, 2011 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime/ending-gang-violence/gang-violence-detailreport?view=Binary Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime/ending-gang-violence/gang-violence-detailreport?view=Binary Shelf Number: 123400 Keywords: Gang ViolenceGangsJuvenile CrimeJuvenile OffendersYouth Violence (U.K.) |
Author: Jain, Sonia Title: Systems Change Across Sectors: A Collaborative Community-Based Approach to Improving Outcomes for Reentry Youth in Oakland Summary: The City of Oakland in Alameda County, California, confronts some of our nation’s most critical juvenile crime and recidivism challenges. In response, key city, county, state and community partners have developed and initiated three phases of Juvenile Justice Reform since 2005. For phase 1, these partners designed and built a new juvenile facility, the Juvenile Justice Center (JJC), and implemented innovative programming. In phase 2, they created a transition center at the JJC. For Phase 3, they developed and implemented a comprehensive system of community reentry support for juvenile offenders. This report highlights results and recommendations from a process evaluation of the Phase 3 implemented juvenile reentry system in Oakland. Details: Oakland, CA: City of Oakland Department of Human Services; WestEd, 2013. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2013 at: http://oaklandunite.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Second-Chance-Process-Eval-Report.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://oaklandunite.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Second-Chance-Process-Eval-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 129447 Keywords: CollaborationJuvenile CrimeJuvenile GangsJuvenile Offenders (California, U.S.)Juvenile Reentry |
Author: Litwok, Daniel Title: Have You Ever Been Convicted of a Crime? The Effects of Juvenile Expungement on Crime, Educational, and Labor Market Outcomes Summary: Despite differing terminology, all fifty states and the District of Columbia have statutory remedies allow ing records of juvenile delinquency to be treated as if they do not exist , eliminating the possibility that a future college or employer may learn of the record. Whereas most states require a n application for such "expungement " of a juvenile record , in fourteen states the expungement is automatic. Ba sed on unique data obtained from three application states, I find that expungement is rarely used when an application is required. To study the effect of expungement on youths, I develop a conceptual model to consider the dynamic incentives created by automatic expungement that predicts an increase in the incen tives to initially commit crime but a reduction in the incentives to commit additional crime as an adult . Based on this model, I estimate the e ffects of expungement on juvenile arrest, recidivism as an adult , educational attainment , and future labor market outcomes . I find no response to the incentive for first time offenders in automatic states, but I do find a ne gative effect on long - term recidivism. I also find sizeable positive effect s of ex pungement on college attendance and future earnings . These findings suggest that expungement is beneficial to former offenders with limited social costs Details: East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, Department of Economics, 2014. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Job Market Paper: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: http://econ.msu.edu/seminars/docs/Expungement%20112014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://econ.msu.edu/seminars/docs/Expungement%20112014.pdf Shelf Number: 139597 Keywords: Criminal RecordEducationEmploymentEx-Offender EmploymentExpungementJuvenile Crime |
Author: Carr, Jillian B. Title: Keep the Kids Inside? Juvenile Curfews and Urban Gun Violence Summary: Gun violence is an important problem across the United States. However, the impact of government policies on the frequency and location of gunfire has been difficult to test due to limited data. The data that do exist suffer from broad and non-random under-reporting. This paper uses a new, more accurate source of data on gunfire incidents to measure the effects of juvenile curfews in Washington, DC. Juvenile curfews are a common, but extremely controversial, policy used in cities across the United States. Their goal is to reduce violent crime by keeping would-be offenders and victims indoors, but removing bystanders and witnesses from the streets could reduce their deterrent effect on street crime. The net effect on public safety is therefore ambiguous. We use exogenous variation in the hours of the DC curfew to identify the policy's causal effect on gun violence. We find that, contrary to its goal of improving public safety, DC's juvenile curfew increases the number of gunfire incidents by 150% during marginal hours. Details: Unpublished paper, 2015. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 6, 2016 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2486903 Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2486903 Shelf Number: 139977 Keywords: Gun ViolenceGun-Related ViolenceJuvenile CrimeJuvenile CurfewsUrban AreasViolent Crime |
Author: Antigone Title: Organized Crime and Juvenile Crime in Greek Society: a depiction of the reality Summary: The present paper has been prepared in autumn 2015 by "ANTIGONE - Information and Documentation Centre on Racism, Ecology, Peace and NonViolence" ( www.antigone.gr ) in the framework of the project "Waves of Citizenship, Waves of Legality" that is being funded by the Europe for citizens Programme of the European Union. This national research provides a general overview of two major issues in Greece: Organized crime and juvenile crime. In this regard, the presented information in this paper serves as a case study for Greece while containing both quantitative information (in terms of statistics on organized crime and juvenile crime) as well as qualitative information (in terms of interviews with key witnesses), together with some information on the Greek legal framework concerning these two aspects. Our report firstly presents statistical information about the current situation and continues with the countermeasures both taken by the Greek state through its legal system as well as at a grassroots level by NGOs. Furthermore, it examines what should be done from now on, on the part of public authorities and institutions in order to address both organized crime and juvenile crime more effectively. The aim of this survey is to identify detailed information about the current situation of juvenile and organized crime in Greece. Among them one can find data about: 1. the present reality of organized and juvenile crime in Greece including the socio-cultural backgrounds of young offenders, 2. the current legal position on organized and juvenile crime, 3. national and local programs and networks, which foster active citizenship and prevent and fight against organized and juvenile crime Although the initial aim was, through the present report, to try to establish a link between organized and juvenile crime in order to identify whether and how these two influence each other, however, all information gathered have not given crucial data in order to answer to questions such as: is there a higher rate of juvenile crime in geographical regions where organized crime is practiced? Which are the direct and indirect impacts of organized crime on youth? Which types of organized crime involve especially young people? As a result, the link between organized and juvenile crime has remained unclear and may be the subject of future researches. Details: Thessaloniki, Greece: Antigone, 2015. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 3, 2016 at: http://www.antigone.gr/files/projects/waves/Waves_Research%20paper_ANTIGONE_FINAL_20_11_2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Greece URL: http://www.antigone.gr/files/projects/waves/Waves_Research%20paper_ANTIGONE_FINAL_20_11_2015.pdf Shelf Number: 140153 Keywords: Juvenile CrimeJuvenile OffendersOrganized Crime |
Author: Andersen, Lars Hojsgaard Title: A Research Note on Declining Youth Crime Summary: Decompose declining youth crime in Denmark into its extensive and intensive margins, and show results from birth cohort analyses. Methods: Apply Das Gupta’s (1993) method for rate decomposition to Danish registry data which hold information on all criminal justice contacts of full birth cohorts. We show results among 15 to 17 year old youth by year as well as follow birth cohorts by age. Results: The main driver of declining youth crime in Denmark is the fewer young people experiencing criminal justice contact (extensive margin) and not lower rates of criminal recidivism among youth with criminal justice contact (intensive margin), a result which is found using both year and birth cohort analyses. Conclusions: Over the recent decades and across most developed democracies, youth crime has been in steady decline and declining youth crime now constitutes an important contemporary social and criminological change. Yet underneath this change lingers the question of how we should best grasp declining youth crime. The knowledge provided in this research note -- that change at the extensive margin is the main driver of declining youth crime in Denmark -- represents a first important step towards understanding this important change. Details: Copenhagen, Denmark: Rockwool Foundation, 2016. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Study Paper 110: Accessed February 13, 2017 at: http://www.rockwoolfonden.dk/app/uploads/2016/06/Study-paper-110_Samlet_WEB-1.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Denmark URL: http://www.rockwoolfonden.dk/app/uploads/2016/06/Study-paper-110_Samlet_WEB-1.pdf Shelf Number: 145118 Keywords: Crime StatisticsJuvenile CrimeJuvenile DelinquencyJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Ibanez, Ana Maria Title: Impact of a Judicial System Reform on Police Behavior: Evidence on Juvenile Crime in Colombia Summary: This paper uses a natural experiment to identify the impact of a judicial system reform on police behavior. The study finds that, after a decrease in the severity of judicial punishment imposed on Colombian adolescents, arrest rates for adolescents in most misdemeanor crimes decreased due to a change in police behavior. The magnitude of this effect ranged between 0.08 to 0.321 standard deviations. The uncertainty on how to operate the new system, the lack of training, and the potential disciplinary sanctions led police officials to reduce arrest rates. Nonetheless, police forces learned gradually how to operate within the new system and adjusted their operations, countervailing the initial negative impact on arrest rates. We present suggestive evidence that the reduction in arrest rates and the lower sanctions increased crime incidents in cities with a large proportion of adolescents in their population. Qualitative evidence collected in focus groups with police officials supports the principal quantitative findings and contextualize the obstacles that led to the decrease in arrest rates and the perceived increase of juvenile crime based on the officials' experiences in the streets. Details: Bogota: Universidad de los Andes, Colombia - Department of Economics, 2017. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Documento CEDE No. 2017-17: Accessed May 12, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2931146 Year: 2017 Country: Colombia URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2931146 Shelf Number: 145457 Keywords: Juvenile CrimeJuvenile OffendersPolice BehaviorPolice ReformPolice-Citizen InteractionsPolice-Community Relations |
Author: Koper, Christopher S. Title: The Impact of Policing and Other Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends on Juvenile Violence in Large Cities, 1994-2000 Summary: This paper reports research that was conducted as part of the University of Pennsylvania's project on "Understanding the 'Whys' Behind Juvenile Crime Trends." The "Whys" project, which was funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the U.S. Department of Justice, was conducted to develop a better understanding of the downturn in juvenile crime that occurred in the 1990s and to use this knowledge to help practitioners and policymakers understand potential leading indicators of turning points in local juvenile crime trends. The main volume of the Whys report (which is available online at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/248954.pdf and at www.whysproject.org) discusses juvenile violence trends from the 1980s through the early 2000s and assesses evidence on a wide variety of community, developmental, cultural, and policy factors that have been hypothesized as possible causes of juvenile crime trends during this period. (Primary contributors to the main Whys report include Jeffrey Roth (project director), Reagan Daly, Christopher Koper, James Lynch, Howard Snyder, Monica Robbers, and other staff of CSR Incorporated.) The study reported in this paper was conducted as a complement to Chapter 5 of the Whys report, which examines national trends and research on public policies and practices, including those in the criminal and juvenile justice systems, that may have affected juvenile violence during the 1990s. (Readers interested in this background material, which is not reviewed here, should consult Chapter 5 of the Whys report.) As an extension of that work, this paper presents original research examining whether and how changes in criminal and juvenile justice practices and policies affected juvenile violence in urban areas during the 1990s. As discussed in the Whys report, there has been relatively little research directly testing the effects of changes in criminal and juvenile justice practices on the crime drop of the 1990s. Much of the evidence on these matters is indirect. This is particularly true with respect to the drop in juvenile violence. To address this gap in our understanding of the juvenile crime drop, we directly examine whether selected changes in policing, adult incarceration, juvenile detention, and juvenile waivers to adult court reduced juvenile violence in a sample of large U.S. cities from 1994 to 2000, controlling for changes in a variety of community characteristics. In sum, we find indications that police resources and strategies helped to reduce juvenile violence during the 1990s, but we find little or no evidence of beneficial effects from adult incarceration, juvenile detention, or waivers of juveniles to adult court. Details: Report to the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention , 2011. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 6, 2018 at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f68c/54d6c45a27c2358f2a27e35c92894ce3f848.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f68c/54d6c45a27c2358f2a27e35c92894ce3f848.pdf Shelf Number: 149007 Keywords: Crime TrendsJuvenile CrimeJuvenile OffendersUrban Areas and CrimeViolent CrimeYouth Violence |
Author: Oregon. Criminal Justice Commission Title: Oregon Juvenile Justice System Recidivism Analysis: Recidivism Rates by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender December 2017 Summary: This report provides the second statewide analysis1 of youth recidivism using the newer adult definition found in ORS 423.557 as the guide . As described in the previous report, joint efforts by multiple stakeholders determined that the following definition of juvenile recidivism is most analogous to the adult ORS 423.557 measure: "For the purpose of this report, juvenile recidivism means the referral or adult arrest, adjudication or conviction, commitment to a Youth Correctional Facility or incarceration, community supervision, or other disposition of a person who has previously been adjudicated or convicted of a crime. The qualifying event must be for a new crime which occurs three years or less after the start of the disposition for the previous crime; or three years or less after the date the person was released from a Youth Correctional Facility." There are limitations with the current available data, as well as challenges due to the differences in terminology, processes, and population across the adult and juvenile justice systems. There are also differences in the data used in the adult report compared to this report. This analysis starts from all youth previously adjudicated, and includes arrest, juvenile referral, misdemeanor and felony conviction, misdemeanor and felony adjudication, and incarceration and other sentence type data in a single recidivism analysis. Using the above definition of recidivism, the July 2016 report examined recidivism rates for all youth released from a youth correctional facility or on probation, either at the state or county level, between July 2001 and June 2011. For the most recent year examined (youth released or placed on probation between July 2010 and June 2011), 51% were referred or arrested for a new crime within three years, 38% were adjudicated or convicted of a new felony or misdemeanor within three years, and 7% were incarcerated for a new crime within three years. In addition to the overall statewide numbers, the July 2016 report also presented recidivism rates separately for each of four different juvenile justice cohorts: youth placed on county probation, youth placed on OYA (Oregon Youth Authority) probation, youth placed on OYA parole, and DOC (Department of Corrections) youth released from OYA facilities. The current report uses the same data as the original report but shows the recidivism rates broken out by gender and by five major racial/ethnic groups (White, Hispanic, African American, Native American, and Asian). Figure 1 shows overall recidivism rates by race/ethnicity, aggregating across all years and juvenile justice cohorts. As shown in the figure, African American, Hispanic, and Native American youth all had higher recidivism rates than White youth. Figure 2 shows overall recidivism rates by gender, again aggregating across all years and all four juvenile justice cohorts. As shown in the figure, male youth had higher recidivism rates than female youth. Details: Eugene: The Commission, 2017. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2018 at: http://www.oregon.gov/cjc/SAC/Documents/JuvenileSystemRecidivismAnalysisDec2017.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.oregon.gov/cjc/SAC/Documents/JuvenileSystemRecidivismAnalysisDec2017.pdf Shelf Number: 149439 Keywords: Juvenile CrimeJuvenile Justice Systems Juvenile Offenders Recidivism |
Author: Payne, Jason Title: Where have all the young offenders gone? Examining changes in offending between two NSW birth cohorts Summary: New South Wales (NSW), like Australia overall, has experienced a large decline in crime since 2000, yet little is known about its causes. This study explored this decline through a developmental criminology lens by examining two birth cohorts involving all those born in New South Wales in 1984 and 1994. Comparisons between cohorts showed that, by age 21, the proportion of the population that had come into contact with the criminal justice system had halved (-49%), with the largest declines in vehicle theft (-59%), other property theft (-59%) and drink-driving (-49%). However, there remained a group of 'chronic' offenders (those committing 5+ offences) who committed crime at a higher rate and accounted for a larger proportion of offences (77%) than the 1984 cohort of 'chronic' offenders (68%). The crime decline in New South Wales would therefore appear to have resulted from a large reduction in the number of young people committing crime for the first time, although there remains a diminishing 'hard core' of prolific offenders. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2018. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 553: Accessed June 14, 2018 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi553 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi553 Shelf Number: 150537 Keywords: Crime StatisticsCrime TrendsJuvenile CrimeJuvenile DelinquentsJuvenile OffendersYouthful Offenders |
Author: Hoogeveen, C.E. Title: Hoelang kun je schijt hebben? Dertien desisters uit criminele jeugdgroepen aan het woord Summary: The approach of criminal youth groups has been one of the last fifteen years considerable development. Around the turn of the century was started with the systematic mapping of annoying, nuisance and criminal youth groups according to the shortlist method. This way of 'Counting' of problematic youth groups led to an overview at local level level of numbers, group characteristics, risky habits and delict behavior of group members. In 2011, the then Minister Opstelten of Security and Justice made the approach of 89 counted criminal youth groups to top priority. The first evaluation of the approach showed that there was more cooperation between police, justice, municipality and other partners (Van Burik et al., 2012). Also the groups with more different types of measures: in addition to one Criminal law approach was used to manage, monitor and manage unpleasant administrative interventions. The management of the approach was still short, as came forward. The effectiveness of the approach in terms of the decline of delict behavior is not clearly. The sixth measurement (Ferwerda & Van Ham, 2014) on the basis of the shortlist methodology shows a decrease from 92 to 33 criminal youth groups between 2009 and 2014. That means a drop of no less than two thirds. However, this can not be translated one-to-one into a decrease of the problems with criminal behavior with about a fifth. Insights from various studies show that group boundaries are diffuse (among others De Jong, 2007; Van Burik et al., 2013; Weijers & Van Drie, 2014). The shortlisted instrument gives an overview of the groups visible on the street, and the decrease of the therefore, the number of groups indicates a decline in visible problems on the streets of these youth groups. A decrease of inconvenience on the street is therefore definitely indicated by the decrease (see also Van Burik et al., 2013). According to the Youth Crime Monitor 2015 (WODC) takes the number of young people (12-24 years) that due to delictual behavior with the police and the judiciary will have to do between 2007- 2013 (sometimes considerable), although this decline under 18-24-year-old criminal law perpetrators seem to level off. If both developments are related to each other (we do not know that), then the question is how boys come from such a group stop committing offenses, obvious. The question why boys from these groups stop at a given moment, researchers have been busy for some time. VanMontfoort is in collaboration with Bureau Alpha, started in 2013 with an exploratory study in which this question was central. This research was carried out on behalf of Police & Science. The following two research questions are central: 1 Which factors and circumstances are important for the development and ending a criminal career among young people who are part of a criminal youth group? 2 What is the role of police action and at what times and on what wise police action makes the difference in the behavioral choices of members of youth groups? This report describes answers to the research questions entirely from the perspective of thirteen boys and men who expanded talk about both their criminal career and their stopping process. (From Google Translate) Details: Amsterdam: Reed Business, 2016. 156p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 13, 2018 at: http://www.bureaualpha.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/CJG2-HOELANG-KUN-JE-SCHIJT-HEBBEN-website-versie-PK78.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Netherlands URL: http://www.bureaualpha.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/CJG2-HOELANG-KUN-JE-SCHIJT-HEBBEN-website-versie-PK78.pdf Shelf Number: 150845 Keywords: Criminal Careers Juvenile CrimeJuvenile Offenders youth Gangs Youthful Offenders |
Author: Berghuis, Bert Title: Declining Juvenile Crime: Explanations for the International Downturn Summary: The Netherlands registered youth crime figures show a spectacular downward trend from 2007 (minus 60%). This decrease can be seen amongst girls and boys, and also amongst ethnic minorities and the native Dutch. This trend can also be observed in a lot of other countries. It is striking that also in international terms youth crime has been capped. A strikingly similar picture is apparent to the one in the Netherlands. The level of the available evidence of the decrease in youth crime in a large number of different countries means that the possibility of a coincidental development occurring at the same time is extremely small, and hence there must be a causal connection. It seems that a number of international developments created a climate favorable for juvenile crime reduction: more (techno)prevention, less use of alcohol, more commitment to schooling, more satisfaction with living conditions, and the use of time. For The Netherlands this goes together with an diminished willingness of the Dutch police to follow up on suspicions that a youngster committed a minor offense. However, the real trigger for the freefall of youth crime seems to be the extensive worldwide dissemination of smartphones and online-games that started in 2006/7. This led to a lot of free time spent 'looking at screens' and not being present on the street and public space. So the main factor responsible for the fall in youth crime can be found in the use of free time and a different role and influence of peer groups. Details: Brussels, Belgium: European Union, 2018. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 16, 2019 at: https://eucpn.org/document/declining-juvenile-crime-explanations-international-downturn-0 Year: 2017 Country: International URL: https://eucpn.org/sites/default/files/content/download/files/54._declining_juvenile_crime_-_explanations_for_the_international_downturn__0.pdf Shelf Number: 154228 Keywords: Crime TrendsJuvenile CrimeSmartphonesYouth Crime |