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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
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Results for latinos
15 results foundAuthor: Levine, Harry G. Title: Arresting Latinos for Marijuana in California: Possession Arrests in 33 Cities, 2006-08 Summary: The report documents widespread race-based disparities in the enforcement of low-level marijuana possession laws in California. In the last 20 years, California made 850,000 arrests for possession of small amounts of marijuana, and half a million arrests in the last 10 years. The people arrested were disproportionately African Americans and Latinos, overwhelmingly young people, especially young men. Yet, U.S. government surveys consistently find that young whites use marijuana at higher rates than young Latinos. From 2006 through 2008, major cities in California arrested and prosecuted Latinos for marijuana possession at double to nearly triple the rate of whites. Details: Los Angeles: Drug Policy Alliance, 2010. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://drugpolicy.org/docUploads/ArrestingLatinos.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://drugpolicy.org/docUploads/ArrestingLatinos.pdf Shelf Number: 121225 Keywords: Drug Offenses (California)LatinosMarijuanaRacial Disparities |
Author: Arya, Neelum Title: America’s Invisible Children: Latino Youth and the Failure of Justice Summary: This report focuses on Latino youth in the justice system. In addition to providing the latest facts about Latino youth in the U.S. justice system, the report highlights promising solutions and policy recommendations to reduce the disparities. Details: Washington, DC: Campaign for Youth Justice, 2009. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Brief, Race and Ethnicity Series Vol. 3: Accessed October 4, 2011 at: http://cfyj.org/documents/CFYJPB_InvisibleChildren.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://cfyj.org/documents/CFYJPB_InvisibleChildren.pdf Shelf Number: 114889 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationJuvenile Justice System (U.S.)Juvenile OffendersLatinosMinority Youth |
Author: Ramirez, Victoria Title: The Effectiveness of Implementing Gang Injunction in Latino Communities Summary: Gang injunctions are restrictions that prohibit gang members from certain activities intended to break a gang’s common routines in a neighborhood. There have been studies on both sides of the spectrum, those allegedly against gang injunctions and those in favor of placing them. This study measures the effectiveness of gang injunctions through the use of surveys and interviews where I compare the responses of the residents living outside the gang injunction area to those living within the gang injunction area in the city of Compton, California. This study evaluates the way a gang injunction is introduced, implemented, and what results from it from a Latino resident’s point of view focusing on neighborhood safety, police involvement in the community, and community involvement by residents. Furthermore, this study shows that reduction in crime is in no way linked to the implementation of a gang injunction, as the relationships between residents and the police have decreased. According to the responses, residents are reluctant to call the police, not due to fear but because they do not provide the safety they are looking for; therefore, the removal of gang injunctions will eliminate the invisible barrier they create between residents and law enforcement. Details: Unpublished. University of California, Irvine, 2010. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 4, 2012 at http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=%22the%20effectiveness%20of%20implementing%20gang%20injunctions%20in%20latino%20communities%22&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicanolatinostudies.uci.edu%2Ffiles%2Fchicanolatinostudies%2Fdocs%2F2011%2FAwards%2FJeff%2520Garcilazo%2520Awards%2F2009-10Winners%2F2ndPlace-EffectivenessOfImplementingGangInjunctions.doc&ei=u64tT7bJLujk0QG0oZXiCg&usg=AFQjCNGwMG5TtZWw7LNReVp-7Bx3ZeryyA Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=%22the%20effectiveness%20of%20implementing%20gang%20injunctions%20in%20latino%20communities%22&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicanolatinostudies.uci.edu%2Ffil Shelf Number: 123975 Keywords: Evaluative StudiesGang InjunctionsGangsLatinos |
Author: Roman, Caterina G. Title: Social Networks, Delinquency, and Gang Membership: Using a Neighborhood Framework to Examine the Influence of Network Composition and Structure in a Latino Community Summary: As part of the Social Networks, Delinquency, and Gang Membership project, funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, social network data were collected from youth in a small, at-risk neighborhood. The data were analyzed using social network methods. Results indicated that individuals with multiple, separate groups of friends have greater constraints on their behavior and are less likely to be delinquent. Results also suggested that networks with very low densities (fewer connections) are more successful contexts for intervention. These findings are relevant to developing appropriate delinquency programs and shed light on the efficacy of neighborhood-based interventions. Details: Washington, DC: Department of Criminal Justice, The Urban Institute, 2012. 273p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2012 at http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412519-Social-Networks-Delinquency-and-Gang-Membership.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412519-Social-Networks-Delinquency-and-Gang-Membership.pdf Shelf Number: 124532 Keywords: GangsJuvenile DelinquencyLatinosSocial NetworksYouth Gangs |
Author: CASA de Maryland Title: Frederick County Immigration Enforcement: Fighting Crime of Just Fighting Immigrants? Summary: In February 2008, the Frederick County Sheriff’s Office finalized a formal agreement with U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and began training twenty-six Frederick County deputies in immigration enforcement. The agreement is known as a 287(g) agreement in reference to the section authorizing cooperation between local law enforcement agencies and federal immigration in the Immigration and Nationality Act. Frederick County also began participating in ICE’s Criminal Alien Program. This is the first 287(g) agreement in Maryland. CASA de Maryland, the largest immigrant service and advocacy organization in Maryland conducted an empirical and comparative analysis of current and predicted costs, incarceration rates and community impact, including crime fighting capacity. The study reveals that the Frederick County’s planned immigration enforcement program will result in negative consequences and cause unprecedented harm for residents of Frederick County and for Maryland. The report’s key findings: Frederick County is investing more per person and more per foreign-born person than any of the similar jurisdictions that have implemented such programs. In fact, Frederick County is investing about two times as much as the next closest jurisdiction per person and over three times as much as the next closest jurisdiction per foreign-born person; Frederick County has trained 14% of its force on immigration enforcement, compared to 3% and 1% of similar jurisdictions in Virginia; Frederick County’s immigration enforcement program will have a negative impact on public safety by discouraging trust and cooperation with law enforcement; The estimated cost of immigration enforcement, in contrast to the Sheriff’s publicly stated estimate of “zero”, is $3,217,220 per year, not including the cost of liability; Frederick County has an alarmingly high incarceration rate for Latinos. It has increased almost 400% in the last five years and is more than double the population of Latinos in the county; The Frederick County Sheriff’s Office already likely engages in racial profiling of Latinos, and obscures the problem by recording most Latinos as “white” during police stops. The program will result in an increase in racial profiling, which is harmful to all Latinos, all African-Americans and all foreign-born persons. Key recommendations include: Sheriff Jenkins and the Frederick County Sheriff's Office halt its immigration enforcement program by terminating the 287(g) agreement; Investigate racial profiling by the Frederick County Sheriff’s Office; Investigate the rise of Latino inmates in the Frederick County Adult Detention Center; Implement a community, school and social service response plan in the event of family separation caused by detention or deportation. Details: Silver Spring, MD: CASA de Maryland, 2008. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2012 at http://www.casademaryland.org/storage/documents/frederick%20report.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://www.casademaryland.org/storage/documents/frederick%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 124587 Keywords: BiasImmigrant Detention (Maryland)Immigration Enforcement (Maryland)LatinosPolice Behavior (Maryland)Policing (Maryland)Racial Disparities (Maryland) |
Author: Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research Title: Preventing Sexual Violence in Latin@ Communities: A national needs assessment Summary: Every organization working to prevent sexual violence in the U.S. is unique. However, at least one tie binds the movement together: the drive to eliminate sexual violence and support survivors. However, to end sexual violence, the movement and all of the organizations in it must reach every part of the population. A significant proportion of people living in the United States are of Latin@ origin – about 16%, or 50.5 million, as of 2010 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). According to Census data, the Latin@ population grew in every region of the United States between 2000 and 2010. But the few existing studies on sexual violence against Latin@s have shown a lack of culturally relevant services for Latin@ survivors to be a substantial need. One in six Latina women report sexual victimization in their lifetime (Cuevas & Sabina, 2010). Latin@s encounter more barriers to seeking services than non-Latin@s, especially if they are immigrants (Ingram, 2007). Latin@s are also less likely to report rape victimization (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC), in partnership with the University of Puerto Rico Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research (CIES), conducted this needs assessment to add to the limited body of research on sexual violence in Latin@ and/or Spanish-speaking communities. More specifically, the NSVRC sought to identify existing strengths and needs surrounding the prevention of sexual violence with Latin@ communities and to better understand how the NSVRC, together with partners, could respond to those needs. To these ends, four fundamental questions were examined in this assessment: 1. Who are the key groups/organizations engaging in and/or supporting sexual violence prevention and intervention in Latin@ and/or Spanish-speaking communities? 2. What are the resource needs of advocates, counselors, and other professionals in the field engaging in sexual violence prevention and intervention in Latin@ and/or Spanish-speaking communities? 3. What is the cultural competency and Spanish-language capacity of programs and organizations to serve Latin@ and/or Spanish-speaking communities? 4. What is the most effective role of the NSVRC in supporting advocates working with Latin@ and/or Spanish-speaking communities? Researchers employed a mixed-methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods such as a Web-based national survey, phone interviews, and focus groups. They received feedback from approximately 250 participants from all 50 states and three U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa). Participants were from sexual assault coalitions, community-based sexual violence programs, and health departments (sometimes referred to as “mainstream” in this report to differentiate them from culturally specific organizations), and culturally specific organizations working with Latin@ and/or Spanish-speaking communities. Details: Enola, PA: National Sexual Violence Resource Center and Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape, 2013. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2013 at: http://nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/publications_nsvrc_assessments_latina-needs-assessment_0.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/publications_nsvrc_assessments_latina-needs-assessment_0.pdf Shelf Number: 129401 Keywords: LatinosMinoritiesSexual AssaultSexual ViolenceVictims of Sexual Violence |
Author: Watson, Susan Dee Title: Relationship of Vulnerability to Coercive Control and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among Latinas Summary: IPV is the most common cause of violence-related injury to women in the United States and greater than one-third of all female homicide victims in the U.S. were killed by the victims’ husband or partner. Nationally, intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a public health issue, and internationally gender inequality is the number one human rights issue. In addition to risk factors identified among multicultural samples, characteristics that increase Latina vulnerability to IPV may relate to the specific cultural scripts between partners that are expected and supported within Latino culture. Latinas in the United States are affected by a confluence of risk factors for IPV including power imbalances associated with traditional gender roles (machismo, the stereotypical male role, and marianismo, the traditional female role), acculturation, socioeconomic status and education level. Vulnerability to coercive control behaviors resulting in IPV from a partner may be increased if the woman has a previous history of child sexual abuse (CSA). A secondary analysis of selected data from a three year parent study, SEPA II (Salud, Educacion, Prevencion y Autocuidado; Health, Education, Prevention and Self- Care), was undertaken to explore the relationships between CSA, machismo, marianismo, acculturation, socioeconomic status and education on the severity and occurrence of IPV among 548 adult Latinas between the ages of 18 and 50. Selected data elements were analyzed from the Short Form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2S), the Violence Assessment Questionnaire (VAQ), the M-Measure (machismo), the Attitudes toward Women Scale (marianismo), the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS) and baseline demographic measures collected on the El Centro Intake Form. Correlations were done to examine the relationships among IPV, CSA, machismo, marianismo, acculturation, SES and education. Logistic regression was used to determine if women who report IPV are more likely to also report a history of CSA, more traditional gender role beliefs, higher levels of acculturation, lower SES and higher education. CTS2S (severity of violence) was significantly correlated with CSA, and the non- Hispanic domain of the BAS. The VAQ measure of violence (occurrence of physical violence > 18 years) also was significantly correlated with CSA, negatively correlated with the Hispanic domain, positively correlated with the Non-Hispanic domain of the BAS, and negatively correlated with monthly income. CSA was negatively associated with the Hispanic domain, positively correlated with the non-Hispanic domain and negatively correlated with years of education. Traditional gender roles did not influence the occurrence or severity of violence in this study. CSA was a significant predictor of IPV among Latinas. Hispanic domain (acculturation) and higher monthly income were protective against IPV among Latinas. Childhood sexual abuse, identification with non-Hispanic culture and decreased SES were found to increase vulnerability to IPV among Latinas. There is a need to design and test interventions and support systems for women that are contextually structured to acknowledge the family and community values as well as the individual needs of Latinas. Interpreting responses to violence for Latinas within the larger context of equality for women becomes part of an international focus aimed at ending gender based violence. Details: Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami, 2010. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 22, 2013 at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1502&context=oa_dissertations Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1502&context=oa_dissertations Shelf Number: 129477 Keywords: Family ViolenceGender Based ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence (U.S.)LatinosViolence Against Women |
Author: Galvez, Gino Title: Work-related Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Acculturation Among Employed Latinos in Batterer Intervention Programs Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV), typically considered in the domestic context, has been shown to have considerable effects on women’s employment and health. While the literature has recently grown in this area, very few studies have examined the prevalence of work-related IPV among men. Furthermore, the extant literature on work-related IPV has largely ignored the experience of ethnic minorities, specifically Latinos. Many factors suggest that rates and forms of IPV might be different among other racial and ethnic groups. Some studies that examine IPV among Latinos have sought to understand the role of acculturation and socioeconomic contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine work-related IPV among a sample of men enrolled in batterer intervention programs. In addition, we sought to examine the relationship between acculturation, socioeconomic contexts, and reports of workrelated IPV among a subset of male Latinos. Overall, the findings confirm the upper ranges of previous estimates across studies (36% to 75%) of employed victims of IPV and their harassment by abusive partners while at work (Swanberg, Logan, & Macke, 2005; Taylor & Barusch, 2004). Specifically, we found that 60% of the entire sample reported work-related IPV that involved threatening behaviors and physical violence at their partner’s job. The findings among Latinos suggest that a positive relationship exists between acculturation and work-related IPV. Specifically, proxy variables of acculturation (e.g., country of birth, language of survey, number of years in the U.S.) were hypothesized to be positively associated with higher levels of acculturation. Consistent with the hypotheses, we found significant relationships in the direction proposed. Lastly, socioeconomic status (e.g., income, education, employment status) was hypothesized to play a moderating role between acculturation and work-related IPV. However, results generally suggest that socioeconomic status (i.e., income, education) did not moderate the relationship between acculturation and work-related IPV. This study makes important contributions to the literature and has implications for employers. The significant rates of work-related IPV found in this study highlight the need to address this problem among employed males as an important step in preventing work-related IPV. Among Latinos, the level of acculturation and factors such as income, employment, and education are important contextual factors that provide a better understanding of IPV in Latino communities (Gryywacz, Rao, Gentry, Marin, & Arcury, 2009). Details: Portland, OR: Portland State University, 2011. 169p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 22, 2013 at: http://dr.archives.pdx.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/psu/6993/Galvez_psu_0180D_10295.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://dr.archives.pdx.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/psu/6993/Galvez_psu_0180D_10295.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 129478 Keywords: Bettered Women (U.S.)Family ViolenceGender Based ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceLatinosSocioeconomic StatusViolence Against Women |
Author: Theodore, Nik Title: Insecure Communities: Latino Perceptions of Police Involvement in Immigration Enforcement Summary: This report presents findings from a survey of Latinos regarding their perceptions of law enforcement authorities in light of the greater involvement of police in immigration enforcement. Lake Research Partners designed and administered a randomized telephone survey of 2,004 Latinos living in the counties of Cook (Chicago), Harris (Houston), Los Angeles, and Maricopa (Phoenix). The survey was designed to assess the impact of police involvement in immigration enforcement on Latinos' perceptions of public safety and their willingness to contact the police when crimes have been committed. The survey was conducted in English and Spanish by professional interviewers during the period November 17 to December 10, 2012. Survey results indicate that the increased involvement of police in immigration enforcement has significantly heightened the fears many Latinos have of the police, contributing to their social isolation and exacerbating their mistrust of law enforcement authorities. Key findings include: - 44 percent of Latinos surveyed reported they are less likely to contact police officers if they have been the victim of a crime because they fear that police officers will use this interaction as an opportunity to inquire into their immigration status or that of people they know. - 45 percent of Latinos stated that they are less likely to voluntarily offer information about crimes, and 45 percent are less likely to report a crime because they are afraid the police will ask them or people they know about their immigration status. - 70 percent of undocumented immigrants reported they are less likely to contact law enforcement authorities if they were victims of a crime. - Fear of police contact is not confined to immigrants. For example, 28 percent of US-born Latinos said they are less likely to contact police officers if they have been the victim of a crime because they fear that police officers will use this interaction as an opportunity to inquire into their immigration status or that of people they know. - 38 percent of Latinos reported they feel like they are under more suspicion now that local law enforcement authorities have become involved in immigration enforcement. This figure includes 26 percent of US-born respondents, 40 percent of foreign-born respondents, and 58 percent of undocumented immigrant respondents. - When asked how often police officers stop Latinos without good reason or cause, 62 percent said very or somewhat often, including 58 percent of US-born respondents, 64 percent of foreign-born respondents, and 78 percent of undocumented immigrant respondents. These findings reveal one of the unintended consequences of the involvement of state and local police in immigration enforcement - a reduction in public safety as Latinos' mistrust of the police increases as a result of the involvement of police in immigration enforcement. Details: Chicago: Department of Urban Planning and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 30, 2014 at: https://greatcities.uic.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Insecure_Communities_Report_FINAL.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://greatcities.uic.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Insecure_Communities_Report_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 132847 Keywords: Illegal ImmigrationImmigration EnforcementLatinosPolice-Citizen InteractionsUndocumented Immigrants (Illinois) |
Author: Californians for Safety and Justice Title: Latino Voices: The Impact of Crime and Criminal Justice Policies on Latinos Summary: Despite representing a larger portion of California's population than whites, Latinos are dramatically overrepresented as crime victims - and in our courts, jails and prisons. Research shows that Latinos receive harsher treatment in arrests, pretrial proceedings and sentencing than whites, even when charged with the same offenses. Other findings include: Victims of Crime - Latinos are murdered twice as much as whites in California -- and more by strangers. - Latinos are more likely to be shot and burglarized than whites. - Hate crimes against Latinos rise as immigration increases. - California Latinos experienced more repeat crimes than survivors overall. - Half of Latino survivors are unaware of recovery services. Unequal Treatment in the System - Latinos awaiting trial were more likely to be denied bail, or their bail was set higher than African Americans or whites. - Latinos were 44% more likely to be incarcerated than whites for the same crimes. Latinos Support Change - California Latino voters want officials to focus on less incarceration, not more - They want more supervised probation and rehabilitation by a five-to-one margin over sending more people to jail/prison. - Eight in 10 support shortening long sentences and using the savings for education, health services and prevention. Details: Oakland, CA: Californians for Safety and Justice, 2014. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 14, 2014 at: http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/211/04/1/430/LatinoReport_7.8.14v1.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/211/04/1/430/LatinoReport_7.8.14v1.pdf Shelf Number: 133073 Keywords: Bias Criminal Justice PoliciesDiscriminationDisproportionate Minority ContactHispanicsLatinosRacial Disparities (California) |
Author: Valadez, Mercedes Title: "We have got enough criminals in the United States without importing any": An Examination of the Influence of Citizenship Status, Legal Status, and National Origin among Latino Subgroups in Federal Sentencing Outcomes Summary: The study of non-U.S. citizens in criminal justice system outcomes has often been neglected in the sentencing literature. When citizenship is considered, there are generally no distinctions made within this group. The research fails to consider differences according to legal status, race/ethnicity, nationality, and other distinctive markers that might play a role in sentencing outcomes. Using federal sentencing data collected by the United States Sentencing Commission for fiscal year 2006 through fiscal year 2008, this study examines the effect of offender citizenship status, legal status, and national origin on the likelihood of imprisonment and length of imprisonment for offenders convicted of drug offenses. The current study considers differences among foreign-born and Latino immigrant subgroups (e.g., Colombian, Cuban, Dominican, and Mexican nationals). The key findings in this dissertation include: (1) non-U.S. citizens have greater odds of imprisonment than U.S. citizens. However, non-U.S. citizen offenders receive significantly shorter prison terms relative to U.S. citizen offenders; (2) undocumented immigrants are more likely to be incarcerated compared to similarly situated authorized immigrants and U.S. citizens. However, legal status does not have an effect on sentence length; and (3) with respect to national origin, Mexican nationals are significantly more likely than Colombians to be incarcerated and are given significantly longer prison sentences than Dominican nationals. The implications of these findings and future research are addressed in the concluding chapter. Details: Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University, 2013. 144p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed January 16, 2015 at: http://repository.asu.edu/attachments/110555/content/Valadez_asu_0010E_12976.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://repository.asu.edu/attachments/110555/content/Valadez_asu_0010E_12976.pdf Shelf Number: 134412 Keywords: Alien CriminalsLatinosPunishmentSentencing (U.S.) |
Author: Navarro, Jose Alfredo Title: Machos y Malinchistas: Chicano/Latino Gang Narratives, Masculinity, & Affect Summary: Machos y Malinchistas interrogates how Chicano nationalist cultural productions, after the Chicano movement (1960-2010), have posited a monolithic Chicano/Latino identity primarily based on a racist, heteropatriarchal nation-state model for nationalism that results in the formation of a "transcendental revolutionary Chicano [male] subject" (Fregoso). Furthermore, although this project examines how these literary, cinematic, and musical representations of Chicano/Latino men in late 20th century are strategically deployed by the mainstream media and also by Chicanos/Latinos to simultaneously reproduce and resist imperialist, racist, and heteropatriarchal logics of domination. It also highlights the process through which dominant cultural ideologies force Chicanas/os and Latinas/os to imagine themselves through the prism of a white racist, heteropatriarchal nation-state - one that ultimately regulates Chicano/Latino identity and sexuality. Such nationalist narratives, I argue, not only effect a symbolic erasure of Chicana and Latina women - especially with regard to representations of these women in the novels and films I analyze - but also fiercely regulate male Chicano/Latino sexuality. Therefore, many of these literary and cultural representations of Chicanas/os and Latinas/os- especially in gang narratives, and particularly with respect to representations of so-called "figures of resistance" like El Pachuco and El Cholo-reveal the effects of Spanish and U.S. colonial residues on the Chicano/Latino community while they underscore the history of racism and sexism in the U.S. In this respect, my preliminary conclusion is that the representations of Chicano/Latino men and their masculinities/sexualities in literature, film and music in the U.S. has largely been what I call a masking - or brown-facing - of the legacies of Spanish and U.S. imperialisms, heteropatriarchy, and racism in the country. Nevertheless, I maintain that such performances still form particularly cogent responses to state oppression and the underlying logics of domination. Furthermore, I argue that these literary, cinematic, and musical products create opportunities to disrupt these imperial logics. Finally, in my consideration of the ways that gender and sexuality mediate Chicano nationalist discourses, especially as these discourses relate to Chicano/Latino masculinity represented by Chicano/Latino gangs, I begin to rearticulate Chicano/a Latino/a identity as a part of a larger anti-racist, egalitarian, and anti-imperialist political identity that functions to "liberate (Chicano/a and other minority) constituencies from the subordinating forces of the state" (Rodriguez 2009). Consequently, Machos y Malinchistas utilizes the fields of American Studies, Postcolonial, and Cultural Studies-specifically, Chicana/o Cultural Studies-, literary criticism, and other subaltern historiographies as key frameworks for understanding Chicana/o Latina/o nationalist cultural productions. My project draws upon recent Chicana/o Latina/o scholarship like Richard T. Rodriguez's Next of Kin: The Family in Chicano/a Cultural Politics (2009) and Ellie Hernandez's Postnationalism in Chicana/o Literature and Culture (2009) and puts key elements of these respective texts into conversation with my analysis of Chicano/Latino nationalist texts-specifically, with regard to the way Chicano/Latino gang figures have been utilized as a conduit of Chicano nationalist resistance. More importantly, like Monica Brown's Gang Nation: Delinquent Citizens in Puerto Rican, Chicano, and Chicana Narratives (2002), my project levels a critique of Chicano nationalism through the prisms of gender and sexuality in gang narratives. However, unlike Brown's critique, which relies heavily on notions of citizenship that support a nation-state framework for constructions of the Chicana/o Latina/o identity, my critique offers a transnational and localized reimagining of the Chicana/o Latina/o "nation" that facilitates a disruption of nationalist positions and perspectives. My analysis, therefore, stages a transnational, stratified and feminist critique of Chicano/Latino masculinity and sexuality that is mediated through Chicano nationalism in these literary and cultural texts. Details: Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2012. 176p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation, 2012: Accessed February 2, 2016 at: http://cdm15799.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll3/id/105072 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://cdm15799.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll3/id/105072 Shelf Number: 137733 Keywords: FilmsGangsLatinosLiteratureMasculinityMedia RepresentationsPopular Culture |
Author: Rojas-Gaona, Carlos E. Title: Adoption of Street Code Attitudes among Latinos and its Effects on Criminal Offending Summary: This individual-level study draws from Elijah Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street theory to examine racial/ethnic differences in levels of code-related attitudes and criminal offending with special attention to Latinos. The code of the street is a normative system of values that emphasizes the use of violence to achieve respect among peers and avoid moral self-sanctions. Using a racially/ethnically diverse sample of serious adolescent offenders from two large U.S. cities and controlling for socio-demographic and risk factors, this study tests whether code-related attitudes are a mediating mechanism linking race/ethnicity and criminal offending. Net of a series of socio-demographic and risk factors, results obtained from path mediation models showed negative direct and total effects of Black non-Latino status on aggressive offending, and negative direct and total effects of Latino status on aggressive and income offending, relative to non-Latino Whites. More importantly, there is evidence of at least one mediation effect of race/ethnicity on criminal offending. Specifically, path mediation models revealed a positive indirect effect of Latino status on aggressive offending. That is, net of statistical controls, differences on aggressive offending among Latinos compared to non-Latino Whites operated indirectly through the adoption of code-related attitudes. Whereas the hypothesized mediation effect of code-related attitudes on aggressive offending was confirmed for Latinos, there is no support for the mediation effect of Black non-Latino status on aggressive and income offending through the adoption of code-related attitudes, nor for the effect of Latino status on income offending through the adoption of code-related attitudes. These results confirm and extend Anderson's theory to describe adherence to street codes among serious adolescent offenders, and among other racial/ethnic minorities such as Latinos. Based on these findings, theoretical and policy implications of this study are discussed. Details: Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, School of Criminal Justice, 2016. 186p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed December 10, 2016 at: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1470043664&disposition=inline Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1470043664&disposition=inline Shelf Number: 145624 Keywords: Adolescent OffendersCode of the StreetLatinosMinorities and CrimeSerious Juvenile OffendersSocial ConditionsSocioeconomic Conditions and Crime |
Author: Haapanen, Rudy Title: Understanding Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Probation: What Affects Decisions? Summary: Ethnic disparities in juvenile justice system (JJS) involvement are well-documented and have been reported as persistent despite decades of effort. It has also been argued that JJS involvement does more harm than good, translating as continual and ongoing disadvantage for ethnic minorities. Although the evidence for ethnic bias in community corrections is equivocal and there are those who hold a more positive view of community corrections, any disparities are still a cause for concern. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) solicited research focused on two of the primary research and evaluation objectives: - Decision-making at disposition decision points impacting Hispanic/Latino youth, including disproportionate entry and deeper involvement in the juvenile justice system and/or transfer to the adult criminal justice system. - Disproportionate use of secure detention, which includes adult jails and lockups, and placement for Hispanic/Latino youth. The proposal for this study, like the solicitation itself, assumed that disparities exist, and argued that understanding the basis for disparities in a county - and therefore the potential for system change to reduce disparities-requires an understanding of the factors that govern decision making other than current offense, such as the dispositional alternatives available in a particular setting and the characteristics of youth in relation to the alternatives. The present study, however, was not limited to issues involving Hispanic/Latino youth. The data provided the ability to assess possible disparities for Blacks as well, and the analysis and results are presented for the three major ethnic groups in California (White, Black and Latino), with other groups combined into a fourth category. Details: Davis, CA: University of California at Davis, 2016. 93p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/250802.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/250802.pdf Shelf Number: 146437 Keywords: Decision MakingDisproportionate Minority Confinement Ethnic MinoritiesHispanic YouthJuvenile DetentionJuvenile OffendersJuvenile ProbationLatinosRacial Disparities |
Author: DeMill, Chantel Title: Latinos and the Idaho Criminal Justice System: 2005-2014 Summary: The Idaho Latino community represents a diverse collection of nationalities ranging from Mexican to Columbian and Puerto Rican, different nationalities that have come together to form a vibrant and thriving community. The Latino community is one of many ethnic stakeholders in Idaho's criminal justice system - as residents, victims and offenders. National statistics paint a bleak picture with high rates of racial disparity in both victimization and representation in the nation's jails and prisons. The Sentencing Project found that Latino men face a 1 in 6 chance of lifetime likelihood of imprisonment; white men face a 1 in 17 chance1 - This report intends to explore the interaction of Latinos with the unique landscape of Idaho and its criminal justice system. Highlights - Latinos account for a growing percentage of Idaho's population; as of the 2010 Census 11% of Idaho's population were Latino. - Latino youths account for 18% of the state's total juvenile population. - The Latino population is very youthful; the average age being 14.5 years younger than non‐Latinos. - Latinos are victims of crime at much lower rates than non‐Latinos (23.5 per 1,000 for Latinos and 33.8 for non‐Latinos). However, Latinos are generally victims of more severe crimes than are non‐Latinos. - Victimization rates for both Latinos and non‐Latinos are decreasing (‐41% and ‐36%). - Latino females report victimization at slightly higher rates than Latino males (24.19 and 22.24 per 1,000). - Latinos are arrested at higher rates than non‐Latinos (21.97 and 17.86 per 1,000). - Latinos are arrested for more severe crimes overall. - Between 2005 and 2014, there was a 55% decrease in arrests for violent offenses among Latinos. - Latinos are incarcerated for 62 days longer on average than are other racial/ethnic groups. - Latino rates of juvenile commitments and probation are decreasing. - Although Latinos are arrested at higher rates and have longer lengths of stay in prison, it is unknown if this is a symptom of a biased system. Since IIBRS data only records the ethnicity of arrestees and not offenders, it is unknown if the higher arrest rate for Latinos is disproportionate to their offense rates. In addition, since court data does not track the defendants ethnicity, it is unknown if Latinos are more likely than non‐ Latinos to receive more severe sentences which could explain their longer prison stays. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, 2016. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed April 9, 2018 at: https://isp.idaho.gov/pgr/inc/documents/LatinoReportCompletedFinal11-3-16.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://isp.idaho.gov/pgr/inc/documents/LatinoReportCompletedFinal11-3-16.pdf Shelf Number: 149736 Keywords: LatinosMinority GroupsRace and CrimeRacial Disparities |