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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:07 pm
Time: 12:07 pm
Results for life-course criminology
4 results foundAuthor: Skardhamar, Torbjørn Title: Does Employment Contribute to Desistance? Offending Trajectories of Crime-Prone Men Around the Time of Job Entry Summary: Influential perspectives in life course criminology maintain that transitions to adult social roles play an important role in the termination of criminal careers. Along with marriage, employment is frequently associated with potential to assist in the desistance process. At this time, the empirical status of these claims remains contested. Although several studies report negative associations between within-individual changes in employment and offending, the evidence regarding time-order remains limited to anecdotal observations from qualitative data. The present investigation took advantage of administrative data sources available in Norway. Focusing on a sample of criminally active males who became employed during 2001-2006 (n=1,063), general and group based estimation techniques were used to examine monthly changes in offending trajectories around the point of job entry. Results show that most offenders had desisted prior to the employment transition, and that employment entailed marginal to no further reductions in criminal behavior. We were able to identify a group of offenders who became employed during an active phase of the criminal career; and these individuals did experience substantial reductions in criminal offending following job entry. However, this trajectory describes only about 2% of the sample. Overall, the pattern observed in this research suggests that employment, as a naturally occurring event, is best viewed as a consequence rather than a contributing cause of criminal desistance. Details: Oslo: Statistics Norway, Research Department, 2012. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Papers, No. 716: Accessed December 10, 2012 at: http://www.ssb.no/publikasjoner/DP/pdf/dp716.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Norway URL: http://www.ssb.no/publikasjoner/DP/pdf/dp716.pdf Shelf Number: 127205 Keywords: Desistance from Crime (Norway)EmploymentLife-Course Criminology |
Author: Carlsson, Christoffer Title: Continuities and Changes in Criminal Careers Summary: We know that the best predictor of future criminal behavior is past criminal behavior (Robins, 1966). There is thus a striking degree of continuity in this form of behavior over time. At the same time, we know that the vast majority of people who engage in crime are teenagers and that they stop offending with age (Hirschi and Gottfredson, 1983). The findings seem to contradict each other; how can the life course with regards to crime be characterized by both continuity and change? Explaining these empirical findings has been the main task of life-course criminology, and contributing to an understanding of how and why offenders continue their criminal careers once they have started, and how and why they stop, is also the purpose of this dissertation. In this first chapter I present the features of the research field commonly referred to as life-course criminology. Having done that, I move on to review existing explanations of continuity and change in criminal careers. In the third and fourth chapter, I outline and discuss more specific issues within the field: risk and risk factors, desistance, turning points, intermittency, and masculinity. Those are the issues my papers deal with. In Chapter 5, I present the study - The Stockholm Life Course Project - which forms the empirical backbone of my papers, and provide a fairly thorough description and methodological discussion, highlighting several features of the project. Since methodological considerations seldom get the attention they deserve when you write in journal format, I attempt a small remedy of that here. Having done so, I briefly summarize the papers in Chapter 6 before I turn to implications in the final chapter, along with prospects for future research. Details: Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2014. 127p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 23, 2014 at: http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:703878/FULLTEXT02.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Sweden URL: http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:703878/FULLTEXT02.pdf Shelf Number: 133936 Keywords: Criminal Careers (Sweden)DesistanceLife-Course CriminologyStockholm Life Course Project |
Author: Caudill, Jonathan W. Title: Considering the life-course of crime: contextualizing California's AB109 offender under correctional supervision Summary: In January 2012, the California State University, Chico, Consortium for Public Safety Research (CPSR) established a long-term collaborative relationship with the Butte County Sheriff's Office (BCSO) some three and a half months after the State of California started the process of transferring non-serious, non-violent, and non-sexual felony offender supervision to the counties. The significance of this transfer of supervision responsibilities cannot be overstated given the additional resources required to serve this population. As a part of a collaboration agreement, the CPSR has conducted a long-term assessment of the impact of AB 109 on the BCSO. Specifically, the CPSR has focused on the changing correctional client population for this report. As evidenced by the findings presented in the Findings section, the BCSO experienced a substantial shift in correctional client demographics and, thus, was required to reformulate their correctional mission. In the CPSR's first report, Breaking Ground: Preliminary Report of Butte County Sheriff's Alternative Custody Supervision Program, the authors made five results-based recommendations to improve correctional supervision and treatment. These recommendations focused on a clearer understanding of the new correctional client population as well as developing mechanisms to increase efficiencies in supervision and treatment strategies. Specifically, the CPSR made the following recommendations to the BCSO: 1. have the staff conduct a supervision and treatment plan for all potential ACS eligible inmates; 2. support their continued search for an appropriate offender management system that has the capacity to store historical data and network with other county systems; 3. further formalize the ACS program, to include additional officer training and a comprehensive, evidence-based supervision strategy; 4. explore a population-validated risk assessment tool, and; 5. work proactively to prioritize research projects promoting public safety and resource management. The BCSO has made significant strides toward full realization of these recommendations. For instance, the BCSO selected an offender management system and is now engaged in implementation. Further, the Alternative Custody Supervision (ACS) Program has conducted several community supervision trainings, implemented a caseload management system, and, is in the process of solidifying a comprehensive and scientifically validated training protocol for all ACS Deputies. These two recommendations aside, the BCSO requested the CPSR provide specific consultation to explore a population-validated risk assessment tool as the basis for individualized offender supervision and treatment plans. Thus, this report focuses on Life-course persistence in and desistance from crime. The Introduction section provides a general understanding of the Lifecourse framework and the Discussion section uses this framework to: (1) provide a clearer understanding of the correctional population shift in the BCSO via an inmate needs survey; (2) present results from a program exit predictive model; (3) introduce the findings from, and recommendations based on, a population-validated risk assessment instrument pilot study, and; (4) explore the ACS program supervision strategies. In short, this report contains evidence supporting three new recommendations to further the connectivity between service provision and public safety. The first recommendation, the BCSO expand therapeutic services in the jail, is the product of viewing inmate survey results through the Life-course lens. This orientation suggests the BCSO has an opportunity to harness the turning point of incarceration and, therefore, early incarceration programming may encourage desistance from crime. Details: Chico, CA: Consortium for Public Safety Research, California State University, Chico, 2013. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2016 at: http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/24/Brochures/2013%20Caudill%20et%20al%20Considering%20the%20Life%20course%20of%20Crime.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/24/Brochures/2013%20Caudill%20et%20al%20Considering%20the%20Life%20course%20of%20Crime.pdf Shelf Number: 145886 Keywords: Community SupervisionInmate SupervisionLife-Course CriminologyOffender SupervisionPublic SafetyRisk Assessment |
Author: Carbone-Lopez, Kristin Title: In, Out, and In Again? A Life Course Understanding of Women's Violent Relationships Summary: This dissertation develops a life-course perspective of women’s experiences of intimate partner victimization (IPV). Abstract: One objective is to examine the patterns of IPV among adult females, so as to determine whether women who experience different patterns of violence differ from one another on certain characteristics. Currently, little is known about what might link violent experiences within and across relationships. Another objective of the research is to examine the nature of the IPV women report, i.e., the situations and interactions in which IPV occurs. The first chapter suggests that a focus on the consequences of IPV for women's intimate relationships is necessary in achieving a broader understanding of the effects of IPV. The second chapter discusses the major theories of IPV. These can be described in offender-based theories, including intra-individual, social-psychological, and socio-cultural explanations, as well as victim-based theories. The third chapter provides detailed information on the two data-sets that are used in this research. The first is the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) and data collected from women incarcerated at the Women's Workhouse in Hennepin County, MN. Detailed information is provided on the women's violent encounters 3 years prior to incarceration. The fourth chapter presents results from the quantitative analyses of the NVAWS. This is followed by a chapter that presents results from a qualitative analysis of the jail sample. The sixth and final chapter discusses and draws conclusions about the central research issues, the main findings, and their implications for both research and policy Details: St. Paul: University of Minnesota, 2006. 204p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 11, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/240918.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/240918.pdf Shelf Number: 130129 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Life-Course CriminologyViolence Against Women |