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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 10:50 pm
Time: 10:50 pm
Results for litter
3 results foundAuthor: Braga, Anthony A. Title: Addressing Crime and Disorder in Seattle’s “Hot Spots”: What Works? Summary: At the request of Seattle City Councilmembers Tim Burgess and Tom Rasmussen, our office initiated audits to examine how well the City is currently addressing two types of physical disorder: graffiti and litter. Our work on graffiti and litter led us to a growing body of research evidence in the field of criminology that suggests that efforts focused on very small (e.g., one city block), discrete “hot spots” of crime and disorder can be effective in reducing crime and disorder in those areas. Further, this research shows that, rather than displacing the crime and disorder to adjacent areas, nearby areas often also benefit from the hot spot efforts. In this paper, we: 1. Summarize the latest criminology research regarding hot spots of crime and disorder in Seattle; 2. Describe efforts in other jurisdictions that have demonstrated, through outcome data and evaluation, evidence of success in reducing crime ; and 3. Recommend steps, based on research evidence, for how Seattle could bring about positive community change in its hot spots of crime and disorder. Details: Seattle: Office of City Auditor, 2011. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2011 at: http://www.seattle.gov/audit/docs/2011Mar29_HotSpotsWhatWorks.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.seattle.gov/audit/docs/2011Mar29_HotSpotsWhatWorks.pdf Shelf Number: 121276 Keywords: Graffiti (Seattle)Hot SpotsLitterNuisance Crimes and Disorder |
Author: Forbes, Gerry J. Title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis 394: Reducing Litter on Roadsides - A Synthesis of Highway Practice Summary: The Transportation Research Boards’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 394: Reducing Litter on Roadsides explores the state of the practice in reducing roadside litter as it involves state departments of transportation (DOTs). The report provides information concerning the prevention and removal of roadside litter, unfulfilled needs, knowledge gaps, and underperforming activities. It covers enforcement, education, awareness, and engineering methods for both litter prevention and collection. Details: Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, 2009. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 22, 2012 at http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_394.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_394.pdf Shelf Number: 123734 Keywords: LitterTransportation |
Author: Ohlenschlaeger, Jens Peter Title: Reducing ship generated marine litter - recommendations to improve the EU port reception facilities directive Summary: Marine litter is an increasing threat to the health of European and global marine ecosystems, with costly environmental, economic and social consequences. One of the sources to this pollution comes from ships, which legally or illegally discharge their solid waste (waste) into the sea.The EU Port Reception Facilities (PRF) Directive (2000/59/EC) regulates how ships discharge their waste to port reception facilities in the EU. The PRF Directive pursues the same aim as the MARPOL Convention, namely to reduce the amount of pollution in seas and coastlines of Member States caused by ship generated waste and cargo residues discharged into the sea by shipping. The Directive came into force in 2002 and an EMSA study published in 2012 has shown an increase in waste delivery to Member State ports since then. Despite this increase, illegal discharges of ship generated waste into the sea still take place. There are several explanations for this. These include insufficient control and inspection of the ships, and the difficulties in doing so, and a lack of appropriate economic incentives for waste delivery, or indeed, perverse incentives for waste delivery. Little transparency regarding the operation of the waste handling facilities and a lack of clarity in some ports regarding the role and responsibilities of the various actors involved may also be responsible. It has become apparent that the Directive is not prescriptive enough in these respects and clearer guidelines and stricter requirements would be desirable and beneficial for the ports. This is especially true regarding the cost recovery system, as the Directive leaves a lot of room for interpretation, which has resulted in many different systems being implemented across European ports, thereby creating an uneven playing field and allowing less than optimal systems to be implemented. This study recommends that the Directive should be revised to put a stronger focus on: - The applied cost recovery system (degree of indirect fee); - The efficiency of the waste notification system; - The port authority involvement in ship waste handling (taking responsibility, control and monitoring); - The "one stop shop" approach, and - The inspection regime in the port regarding waste delivery. Details: London: Institute for European Environmental Policy, 2013. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 29, 2015 at: http://www.ieep.eu/assets/1257/IEEP_2013_Reducing_ship_generated_marine_litter_-_recommendations_to_improve_the_PRF_Directive.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.ieep.eu/assets/1257/IEEP_2013_Reducing_ship_generated_marine_litter_-_recommendations_to_improve_the_PRF_Directive.pdf Shelf Number: 135424 Keywords: Illegal DumpingLitterMaritime CrimeOffenses Against the EnvironmentPollution |