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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:19 pm
Time: 8:19 pm
Results for littering
5 results foundAuthor: Wilkie, Katarina Title: Alley-gates: Do They Work? An Evaluation of the Blackpool Alley-gating Scheme Summary: The introduction of the alley‑gates became prominent across the UK and many see it as a cure for reducing crime and anti‑social behaviour. This study is an examination of Blackpool’s alley‑gating scheme. It takes into consideration its impact upon crime statistics and the overall perception of the local community. Details: Blackpool, Lancashire, UK: School of Academic Studies, Blackpool & the Fylde College, 2008(?). 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2010 at: http://www.bsafeblackpool.com/storage/download/Katarina%20Dissertation%20.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.bsafeblackpool.com/storage/download/Katarina%20Dissertation%20.pdf Shelf Number: 119858 Keywords: Alley-gatesAntisocial BehaviorLitteringSituational Crime PreventionTarget Hardening |
Author: Merriman, David Title: Cigarette Tax Avoidance in the Chicago Area: A Contribution to the Literature Summary: The large tax differentials between Chicago and neighboring jurisdictions provide an incentive for smokers to buy cigarettes outside Chicago. By examining a random sample of discarded cigarette packs, I can see whether Chicago taxes have been paid on the cigarettes consumed in Chicago. I find a startling amount of tax avoidance: three-quarters of the packs found on the streets of Chicago did not display a Chicago tax stamp. Demonstrating that the cost of tax avoidance influences behavior in the predicted direction, the percentage of packs without a Chicago tax stamp fell as distance to lowertax borders increased. Details: Chicago: Institute of Government and Public Affairs of the University of Illinois, 2008. 56 p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed May 14, 2012 at: http://igpa.uillinois.edu/system/files/documents/WP-MerrimanCigLitter.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://igpa.uillinois.edu/system/files/documents/WP-MerrimanCigLitter.pdf Shelf Number: 125265 Keywords: CigarettsLitteringTax AvoidanceTax Evasion (Chicago)Tobacco Products |
Author: Bray, Liz Title: Green Spaces...Safer Spaces: Anti-Social Behaviour in Green Spaces Summary: Crime, the fear of crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour in green spaces are some of the things that most worry people and put them off using and enjoying the spaces for relaxation and recreation. The activities of a few offenders affect almost everyone who uses or would like to use green space. Crimes and various types of anti-social behaviour such as vandalism, graffiti, under-age drinking, sex offences and assaults, do occur in parks and green spaces. People can see for themselves the effects of vandal damage, fly tipping, spray painting, discarded bottles, cans and glue containers, trampling and wheel ruts and they are put off using the areas most badly or most frequently abused. Some spaces have a worse reputation than others and they are often areas that are underused by the rest of the community. Tall, dense shrubbery and lack of lighting also attract undesirable activities. 1.2 The fear of crime is a very strong factor for many people and word travels fast when serious incidents happen. Crime, particularly serious crime, is extremely rare in parks and other public places. When it does happen it is usually very widely reported at the time, but most users of Newcastle’s green spaces will not experience crime. 1.3 During the Green Spaces Strategy preparation we carried out extensive consultation and the following came up as major concerns over and over again. (See Para 2.1) Details of the consultations are on the Parks and Green Space web page. In a 2002 survey the top bad points were as follows with crime and anti-social behaviour accounting for five out of the seven. 1. litter (32%) 2. dog fouling (26%) 3. not well maintained (19%) 4. unsafe (15%) 5. vandalism (11%) 6. insufficient green space (10%) 7. threatening youths (10%) In specific consultations with young people and disabled people, personal safety was among their top concerns. Details: Newcastle City, UK: Newcastle City Council, 2004. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 4, 2012 at: http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/ns/leisure/greenspaces/Antisocialbehaviouringreenspaces.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/ns/leisure/greenspaces/Antisocialbehaviouringreenspaces.pdf Shelf Number: 126240 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)Fear of CrimeGraffitiLitteringPublic SpaceVandalism |
Author: Keizer, Kees Title: The Importance of Demonstratively Restoring Order Summary: Contrary to what is often assumed, order is not the strongest context for encouraging normative behavior. The strongest context effect on normative behavior comes from cues that clearly convey other people's respect for norms. Ironically, this show of respect necessitates some contrasting disrespect that is being restored. Using civic virtues (such as helping behavior) as a prototype of normative behavior, the three field experiments described in this paper reveal the impact of normative cues on civic virtues. Results show that the strongest effect on making people follow prosocial norms in public places emanates from seeing order being restored, rather than just order being present. The robust and surprisingly large effects show that observing other people's respect for one particular norm (as evidenced in their restoring physical order) makes it more likely that the onlooker follows other norms as well. This implies that prosocial behavior has the highest chance of spreading when people observe order being restored. There are clear policy implications: create low cost ''normative respect cues'' wherever it is desirable to increase conformity to norms. Details: PLoS ONE 8(6): e65137. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 13, 2014 at: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065137&representation=PDF Year: 2013 Country: Netherlands URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065137&representation=PDF Shelf Number: 134071 Keywords: LitteringNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPhysical DisorderPublic Space |
Author: Cooke, Brice Title: Using Behavioral Science to Improve Criminal Justice Outcomes: Preventing Failures to Appear in Court Summary: Executive Summary In 2014, nearly 41% of the approximately 320,000 cases from tickets issued to people for low-level offenses in New York City (NYC) had recipients who did not appear in court or resolve their summons by mail. This represents approximately 130,000 missed court dates for these offenses. Regardless of the offense severity (summonses are issued for offenses ranging from things like littering on the street or sidewalk to drinking in public), failure to appear in court automatically results in the issuance of an arrest warrant. Because warrants are costly and burdensome for both the criminal justice system and recipients, the NYC Mayor's Office of Criminal Justice - in partnership with the New York City Police Department and New York State Unified Court System Office of Court Administration - asked ideas42 and the University of Chicago Crime Lab to design and implement inexpensive, scalable solutions to reduce the failure to appear (FTA) rate. We tackled this problem using a two-sided approach. First, we redesigned the NYC summons form to make the most relevant information stand out, making it easier for people to respond appropriately. In the new form, important information about one's court date and location is moved to the top, the negative consequence of failing to act is boldly displayed, and clear language encourages recipients to show up to court or plead by mail. Second, we created text message reminders. We identified behavioral barriers leading many to miss their court dates: people forget, they have mistaken beliefs about how often other people skip court, they see a mismatch between minor offenses and the obligation to appear in court, and they overweigh the immediate hassles of attending court and ignore the downstream consequences. We then designed different reminders targeted at helping recipients overcome these barriers. From March 2016 to September 2017 we implemented and evaluated our interventions, and showed that both have significant and positive effects on appearance rates. We found that behavioral redesign of the form reduced FTA by 13%. This form has already been scaled system-wide to all criminal court summonses, and, based on 2014 figures, translates to preventing roughly 17,000 arrest warrants per year. Using a randomized controlled trial, we found that the most effective reminder messaging reduced FTA by 26% relative to receiving no messages. Looking 30 days after the court date, the most effective messaging reduced open warrants by 32% relative to receiving no messages. This stems from both reducing FTA on the scheduled court date as well as court appearances after the FTA to clear the resulting warrant. These results are in addition to the gains already realized from the summons form redesign. The most effective messaging combined information on the consequences of not showing up to court, what to expect at court, and plan-making elements. Details: New York, NY: ideas42, 2018. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 16, 2019 at: https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/crim-just-report.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/projects/using-behavioral-science-to-improve-criminal-justice-outcomes Shelf Number: 154229 Keywords: Behavioral BarriersCourt AppearanceCourt DatesFailure to Appear (FTA)LitteringLow-Level Offenses |