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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:49 pm
Time: 8:49 pm
Results for marriage
8 results foundAuthor: Forrest, Walter Title: Adult Family Relationships and Desistance from Crime Summary: Despite considerable evidence that certain life-course transitions can play a significant role in helping some offenders abandon crime, several fundamental issues remain unresolved. In this dissertation, I examine the links between crime and two lifecourse transitions related to the development of families in adulthood: cohabitation and marriage. Using data from the National Youth Survey (NYS), I investigate the extent to which both types of relationships can contribute to desistance. I then evaluate the major theoretical mechanisms through which marriage is most likely to promote behavioral change. Finally, I examine the degree to which these relationships foster desistance for both men and women. Results indicate that marriage has the capacity to promote desistance, whereas cohabitation does not, and that the effects of marriage on crime are conditional on both the social orientation of the spouse and the quality of the marital relationship. These and other results are mostly consistent with social control and social learning theories of crime and desistance. In addition, the results of the analyses indicate that the effects of marriage on crime are similar among men and women. Details: Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, 2007. 183p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed February 27, 2013 at: http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1539&context=etd Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1539&context=etd Shelf Number: 127739 Keywords: Adult OffendersDesistance for CrimeFamily RelationshipsLife-Course TransitionsMarriage |
Author: Schoenberger, Nicole Ann Title: The Effect of Marriage and Employment on Criminal Desistance: The Influence of Race Summary: Life course theorists argue that key transitions such as marriage and employment heavily influence criminal desistance in adulthood among those who committed delinquent acts during their adolescence. Laub and Sampson (1993), authors of the dominant life course theory in criminology, adhere to the general principle of social bonding: if an individual has weak bonds to society, he or she will have an increased chance of committing crime. Consequentially, the prosocial bonds formed in adulthood through marriage and employment will increase the likelihood of criminal desistance. Although much research supports this notion, race has generally been left out of the discourse. Laub and Sampson (1993), in fact, note that their life course theory is race-neutral. For this and other reasons, very few researchers have examined whether and how race plays a role within life course theory. This is surprising insofar as race is an important correlate of crime, marriage, employment, and other life course transitions that are associated with criminal desistance. Because of this potentially serious omission in the research literature, the current study uses data from Waves 1, 2 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine differences in the effect of marriage and employment on desistance among 3,479 Black, Hispanic, and White men. Results show that classic life theory applies to Whites, but less so to Blacks and Hispanics. For Black men, having a job for five years or longer is the strongest predictor of criminal desistance, while the most salient factor for desistance among Hispanic men is being in a cohabiting union. For White men, being in a high quality marriage and being employed full time are both strong predictors of desistance. This research also examines several factors that are not adequately addressed in the existing literature on life course theory such as the effect of cohabitation, marital timing, and job loss. The data show that cohabiting unions increase the likelihood of adult criminality among Hispanic men. Furthermore, cohabiting prior to marriage and marrying at earlier ages increases the likelihood of adult criminality among married men. In regard to employment, the loss of a job through either being fired or being laid off increases the likelihood of adult criminality for White men, those aged 30 or older, and among higher SES respondents. The results also show that age and social class influence the effect that several life course factors have on desistance. For instance, cohabitation is a significant predictor of adult criminality among lower SES respondents, while a high quality marriage is an important predictor among higher SES respondents. Similarly, the analyses showed that having a job was a strong predictor of desistance among 24-26 year olds, while job loss was most salient among those aged 30 or older. Overall, the results from this study show that the specific mechanisms of desistance are somewhat different for each race, and that they vary by both age and social class. The implication of these findings is that life course theory is not entirely race neutral, and that it must be sensitive to how the influence of life course factors on desistance are conditioned by these important demographic variables. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, 2012. 153p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 5, 2013 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=bgsu1339560808 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=bgsu1339560808 Shelf Number: 127849 Keywords: AgeDesistanceEmploymentEthnicityLife CourseMarriageOffendersRaceSocial Class |
Author: Lyneham, Samantha Title: Human Trafficking Involving Marriage and Partner Migration to Australia Summary: In this report, what is known about human trafficking involving marriage and partner migration to Australia is described, drawing on primary information obtained from victim/survivor testimonies, stakeholder knowledge and expertise, and reported cases that progressed through the Australian justice system. While past research has focused on commercial labour and sexual exploitation, this report draws attention to trafficking that can occur in non-commercial contexts. Although forced marriage has increasingly gained attention over the past three years and a small number of legal proceedings have substantiated attempted or actual cases of forced marriage involving girls and young women, less attention has been paid to the exploitation of migrant brides in other ways. This research is the first in Australia to confirm that marriage has been used to recruit or attract women to Australia for the purposes of exploitation as domestic servants, to provide private or commercial sexual services and/or to be exploited in the home as wives. The lack of data and information on human trafficking generally, and on human trafficking involving marriage and partner migration specifically, has implications for the way the problem is conceptualised, measured and responded to. While current knowledge in related areas, such as violence against women in general, violence against migrant spouses, domestic violence and sexual violence, can provide information on the context and environment in which human trafficking involving intimate partner relationships can occur, this research provides the first evidence of this form of human trafficking in Australia. Although exploratory in nature, this research makes a significant contribution to the limited body of knowledge on exploitative marriages in the context of human trafficking, providing an initial insight into the nature of this crime. Further, more detailed assessment, is required to understand the extent of the problem and to inform prevention, detection and enforcement strategies. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Research and Public Policy Series no. 124: Accessed June 14, 2014 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rpp/124/rpp124.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rpp/124/rpp124.pdf Shelf Number: 132457 Keywords: Human Trafficking (Australia)ImmigrationMarriageMigrant BridesMigrant VictimsSex IndustrySlavery |
Author: Skardhamar, Torbjorn Title: Family Formation, Fatherhood and Crime: An Invitation to a Broader Perspective on Crime and Family Transitions Summary: Using large-scale individual-level Norwegian administrative register data on the total population of men, we study the offending rates five years prior to and after five different family-related transitions. Leading criminological theories predict that marriage and fatherhood has a preventive effect on crime, with marriage receiving most support by empirical research. The last decades' major changes in family patterns warrant a re-examination of the marriage effect. We argue that marriage, cohabitation, and fatherhood all are important aspects of the family formation process. We find some support for the hypothesis that family formation inhibit criminal behaviors, but our results are less clear-cut than those reported by previous research. Most importantly, the declines in offending in the years prior to experiencing family transitions do not seem to be of a permanent nature. Details: Oslo: Statistics Norway, Research Department, 2009. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Paper No. 579: Accessed July 2, 2014 at: http://www.ssb.no/a/publikasjoner/pdf/DP/dp579.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Norway URL: http://www.ssb.no/a/publikasjoner/pdf/DP/dp579.pdf Shelf Number: 132603 Keywords: Desistance from CrimeFamiliesFatherhoodMarriage |
Author: Stepnitz, Abigail Title: Male-ordered The mail-order bride industry and trafficking in women for sexual and labour exploitation Summary: This report explores the concept of servile marriage and the ways in which it overlaps with trafficking and violence against women and girls, especially those brought to the United Kingdom. The report reviews the social, political and economic contexts in the UK and on a global scale that have contributed to the development and proliferation of the mail-order bride (MOB) industry, the trends that can currently be observed and the ways in which the industry promotes trafficking, slavery, prostitution, pornography, exploitation of vulnerable groups and racial and ethnic stereotyping. The report examines evidence from websites and marriage brokers as well as from men who have or intend to 'purchase' a wife. Much of this evidence reflects the disconcerting levels of racialisation, links with sexual abuse of children, and the use of deceit and coercion to lure women from their homes and communities into lives of servitude in the UK. Statistical evidence is also analysed to highlight trends in ethnic representation, region and country of origin, and the issuing of fiancee/spousal visas, reported trends in prostitution, POPPY Project referrals of women trafficked for sexual and labour exploitation, abuse of migrant domestic workers and overall rates of domestic violence suffered by women in the UK. The theme of this report - the trafficking of women and girls into servile marriage through 'mail-order bride' channels - is yet another frontier in the global struggle against contemporary slavery and the multiple ways in which women and girls are exploited. Trafficking is a primary example of the connection between poverty, development, migration, violence against women and sexual or labour exploitation. A servile marriage will be understood here to be any situation wherein a woman is in a marriage that is either legally binding or sanctioned by her community in such a way that she has no reasonable possibility of asserting that the marriage is invalid; and wherein the woman is held in domestic and/or sexual servitude that defines her role as a wife. Details: London: The POPPY Project, Eaves Housing for Women, 2009. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 3, 2015 at: http://i1.cmsfiles.com/eaves/2012/04/Male-ordered-bedd8d.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://i1.cmsfiles.com/eaves/2012/04/Male-ordered-bedd8d.pdf Shelf Number: 135876 Keywords: Forced LaborHuman TraffickingMail-Order BridesMarriageSex TraffickingSexual Exploitation |
Author: Goel, Rashmi Title: Women Who Kill Women Summary: This article focuses on the phenomenon of women who kill women in the context of India's dowry murders. Killing by females is rare, and killing of other females is rarer still. India's dowry deaths, where mothers-in-law are, next to husbands, the most accused and convicted, represents a unique opportunity to examine the mechanics around women who kill, especially in the context of a gender violence crime. The article examines both the roots of the dowry system and the current anti-dowry and dowry-violence legislation to demonstrate the implicit and accepted gender inequities within marriage that serve to under gird an overall system of female oppression within the marital relationship. This inequity is understood to be a positive aspect within marriage, but ironically negative within public Indian society. The article then considers various theories of agency and motivation from social science and feminist literature to answer why some women participate in oppressing other women in Indian society. Finally, the article notes some of the ways in which Indian courts are contributing to the oppressive power structure by limiting the application of the anti-dowry and dowry-violence laws. Details: Denver, CO: University of Denver Sturm College of Law, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: University of Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 15-22: Accessed October 15, 2015 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2668379 Year: 2015 Country: India URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2668379 Shelf Number: 136986 Keywords: DowryFemale OffendersGender-Based ViolenceHomicidesMarriageViolence Against WomenWomen Who Kill |
Author: Cameron, Lisa Title: China's Sex Ratio and Crime: Behavioral Change or Financial Necessity? Summary: This paper uses survey and experimental data from prison inmates and comparable non-inmates to examine the drivers of rising criminality in China. Consistent with socio-biological research on other species, we find that China's high sex-ratios are associated with greater risk-taking and impatience amongst males. These underlying behavioral impacts explain some part of the increase in criminality. The primary avenue through which the sex-ratio increases crime, however, is the direct pressure on men to appear financially attractive in order to find a partner in the marriage market. These marriage market pressures result in a higher propensity to commit financially rewarding crimes. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2016. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 9747: Accessed March 2, 2016 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp9747.pdf Year: 2016 Country: China URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp9747.pdf Shelf Number: 138021 Keywords: Crime RatesFamiliesFinancial CrimesMarriageOne Child PolicyRisk-Taking |
Author: Andersen, Lars Hojsgaard Title: How Delinquent Brothers-in-Law Undo the Crime-Fighting Benefits of Marriage: Evidence from Danish Registry Data Summary: Wives come with in-laws, and if these families include delinquent males, their delinquency could undo the prosocial effects of marriage. In this paper, I focus on having a convicted brother-in-law as one general indicator of this broader phenomenon. I use propensity score matching and registry data on all men from birth cohorts 1965-1975 in Denmark to show that when a man marries, new family ties to delinquent brothers-in-law indeed hinder his criminal desistance. Results suggest that influences from the broader social network one is exposed to through marriage are important for the protective effects of marriage. Men who vary by no other observable characteristic than the previous conviction of their brother-in-law have similar conviction rates up to three years before the marriage, yet their conviction rates differ by 50 percent after the wedding. Results also suggest that the effect of delinquent brothers-in-law arise not from co-offending among the in-laws, but from decelerating the desistance process among previously convicted men and from offsetting criminality among men who were not previously convicted. Details: Copenhagen: Rockwool Foundation Research Unit, 2015. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Study Paper No. 95: http://www.rockwoolfonden.dk/app/uploads/2015/12/Study-paper-95_WEB.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Denmark URL: http://www.rockwoolfonden.dk/app/uploads/2015/12/Study-paper-95_WEB.pdf Shelf Number: 139080 Keywords: Co-offending Families MarriagePeer Influence |