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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:16 pm
Time: 12:16 pm
Results for natural disasters
8 results foundAuthor: Kirk, David S. Title: Lessons from Hurrican Katrina: A Natural Experiment of the Effect of Residential Change on Recidivism. Summary: In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina ravaged the Louisiana Gulf Coast, damaging many of the neighborhoods where ex-prisoners typically reside. Given the residential destruction resulting from Hurricane Katrina, it is unclear whether the resulting geographic displacement of returning prisoners has had any adverse, or even beneficial, impact on the likelihood of recidivism. In this study, a natural experiment is utilized as a means of addressing the selection issue, and seek to establish whether the migration of ex-prisoners away from their former place of residence will lead to lower levels of recidivism. Findings suggest that moving away from former geographic areas substantially lowers an ex-prisoner's likelihood of re-incarceration. Details: Ann Arbor, MI: National Poverty Center, University of Michigan, 2008 Source: National Poverty Center Working Paper Series: #08-10: Accessed April 25, 2018 at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254046054_Lessons_from_Hurricane_Katrina_A_Natural_Experiment_of_the_Effect_of_Residential_Change_on_Recidivism Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254046054_Lessons_from_Hurricane_Katrina_A_Natural_Experiment_of_the_Effect_of_Residential_Change_on_Recidivism Shelf Number: 117092 Keywords: Communities and CrimeEx-OffendersHurricane KatrinaNatural DisastersRecidivism |
Author: Berg, Louis-Alexandre Title: Crime, Politics and Violence in Post-Earthquake Haiti Summary: Crime and violence are on the rise in Port-au-Prince due to prisoner escapes during the earthquake. Youth gangs and other armed groups are regaining strength in the most vulnerable neighborhoods and spreading to other areas of the city. In the tent camps around Port-au- Prince, displaced people—especially women — remain vulnerable to crime. These factors have contributed to an increasing sense of insecurity. As political tensions rise in the run-up to elections, armed groups, criminal enterprises and vulnerable youth could once again be mobilized by political forces to fuel violence or disrupt the political process. Gangs and their involvement in criminal and political violence are deeply rooted in Haitian politics, and fueled by widespread poverty, inadequate police presence, government weakness, and social and economic inequities. Prior to the earthquake, criminal violence had begun to decline due to a combination of political reconciliation, law enforcement operations and investment in marginalized neighborhoods. These fragile gains have been reversed since the earthquake and public confidence in the police has been shaken. Directing resources toward mitigating violence while addressing the underlying sources of crime and violence should remain a priority in post-earthquake reconstruction. Details: Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2010. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Peace Brief, no. 58: Accessed October 18, 2010 at: http://www.usip.org/files/resources/PB%2058%20-%20Crime%20Politics%20and%20Violence%20in%20Post-Earthquake%20Haiti.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Haiti URL: http://www.usip.org/files/resources/PB%2058%20-%20Crime%20Politics%20and%20Violence%20in%20Post-Earthquake%20Haiti.pdf Shelf Number: 119996 Keywords: GangsNatural DisastersViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Roy, Susmita Title: The Impact of Natural Disasters on Crime Summary: This study addresses the following questions in the context of a developing coun- try. Do crimes increase following natural disasters? Does an upcoming election or the presence of a strong local media, which potentially increases the incentive of the government to provide disaster relief, mitigate the effect of disasters on crime rates? The study found that crime rates tend to increase following moderate to big disasters. Furthermore, a higher pre-disaster growth of newspapers has a mitigating effect on the crime response to disasters. Elections also influence the crime response to disasters. Crimes are more likely to rise following disasters in the years that are close to an election year. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Economics, University of Canterbury, 2010. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper No. 57/2010: Accessed October 26, 2010 at: http://www.econ.canterbury.ac.nz/RePEc/cbt/econwp/1057.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.econ.canterbury.ac.nz/RePEc/cbt/econwp/1057.pdf Shelf Number: 120101 Keywords: Crime RatesMass MediaNatural Disasters |
Author: Bailey, Kevin L. Title: An Evaluation of the Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Crime in New Orleans, Louisiana Summary: This Applied Research Project is an explanatory study that evaluates the impact of Hurricane Katrina on crime rates in New Orleans. By analyzing existing data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Census, this research measures crime trends in New Orleans from January 2002 through December 2007. The findings of this research suggest that some types of crime increased after this disaster, while others decreased. In New Orleans, most crime rates increased significantly beginning in January 2006. Additionally, most crime rates appeared to be returning to pre-storm levels by December 2007. Since the reconstruction of New Orleans is projected to last for between 8 and 11 years, this research evaluates crime trends early in the reconstruction of the city Details: San Marcos, TX: Applied Research Project, Texas State University - San Marcos, 2009. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Paper 304: Accessed March 11, 2011 at: http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/304 Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/304 Shelf Number: 120968 Keywords: Crime Trends (New Orleans)Hurricane KatrinaNatural Disasters |
Author: Andrews, Susan James Title: Assessment of the Impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on the Juvenile Justice System Summary: When Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the Gulf Coast in August of 2005, the juvenile justice systems in the impacted states were responsible for the welfare of approximately 16,000 youth under their supervision and custody. This report looks at what became of these youth — specifically, how jurisdictions responded to the monumental challenges posed by the storms, what lessons were learned, and how these lessons can be applied to improve the system’s response to future catastrophes. The information on which this report is based comes directly from juvenile justice professionals who were on duty during and in the aftermath of the storms. Their stories were gathered during a series of nine focus groups conducted between mid-February and early March of 2006 as part of a “hurricane impact assessment” designed and implemented by ICF Caliber under a contract with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The purpose of the assessment was to determine the impact of the storms on the lives of justice-involved youth by gathering an oral history of the chain of events leading up to and following the hurricanes, drawing on the perspectives of state and local professionals both in storm-impacted areas and in areas impacted by massive relocation. This report synthesizes the experiences and lessons learned gathered from focus group participants under five “Key Findings.” Each finding is accompanied by recommendations to OJJDP regarding how to support jurisdictions and states impacted by the storms in their recovery from the past crisis, and how to help jurisdictions nationwide prepare effectively for future crises of similar magnitude. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, 2006. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2011 at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/nccd/reports_studies/resources/Combined_Report_With_Cover.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/nccd/reports_studies/resources/Combined_Report_With_Cover.pdf Shelf Number: 121588 Keywords: HurricanesJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile OffendersNatural Disasters |
Author: Police Executive Research Forum Title: Managing Major Events: Best Practices from the Field Summary: One of the most important challenges facing police executives is the need to prepare their departments for major events — everything from large-scale political protest marches and sporting events to natural disasters and acts of terrorism. To some extent, this is an issue that tends to affect departments serving larger cities, as these sites are most often chosen to host major events such as the Olympics or a national political convention. However, police departments in any size jurisdiction can suddenly be called upon to respond to an earthquake, a flood, or an act of terrorism. And often, when cities or other jurisdictions host events such as a visit from the President, they need to work cooperatively with other local agencies to develop a large enough police presence to meet the demands of the event, and to coordinate travel and multiple events that may occur across jurisdictional lines. Managing major events requires police chiefs to have a good sense of vision, an ability to look into the future and imagine the types of disasters or other events that might occur in their jurisdiction. Police agencies are always busy with the daily press of responding to calls for service, investigating crimes, and solving crime and disorder problems. So it requires a certain amount of far-sightedness to find time to prepare for events that might never occur, but which could cause tremendous devastation, and to realize that the devastation could be made worse if the police are unprepared for it. PERF’s “Critical Issues in Policing” series was created to focus on issues like this. We understand that police agencies’ planning for major events is an enormous topic. Entire books could be written about various subtopics, such as crowd control techniques, police training programs for major events, or the use of social media to communicate with the public during a crisis. So this report is not a comprehensive study of all of the aspects of policing major events. Rather, this report aims to explore some of the key issues that have proved important or difficult in the real world of policing. PERF’s approach to this project, as with many other PERF initiatives, is to bring police practitioners together to discuss the issues they have encountered, the approaches that they have tried and have found either useful or unhelpful, and the lessons they have learned. More specifically, PERF identified scores of police executives who have had experience dealing with natural disasters, major sporting events such as the Olympics, national political conventions, and other major events. We invited these leaders to participate in an Executive Session at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. in November 2010, where they discussed the most critical issues they encountered and their approaches to solving the problems they faced. The bulk of this report consists of quotations from that Executive Session. Details: Washington, DC: PERF, 2011. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Critical Issues in Policing Series: Accessed September 16, 2011 at: http://www.policeforum.org/dotAsset/1491727.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.policeforum.org/dotAsset/1491727.pdf Shelf Number: 122756 Keywords: Crowd Control (U.S.)Natural DisastersPublic Order ManagementSporting Events |
Author: Hussey, Andrew Title: Crime Spillovers and Hurricane Katrina Summary: Using a di erences-in-di erences approach, we estimate the e ects of migration due to Hurricane Katrina on crime rates across the United States between 2003 and 2007. To account for possible endogeneity between the socio-economic characteristics of a host city and evacuees, we instrument the number of evacuees going to a certain metropolitan area by its distance to New Orleans, LA. Our results suggest that im- migration of Katrina evacuees led to a more than 13 percent increase in murder and non-negligent manslaughter, an almost 3 percent increase in robbery, and a 4.1 per- cent increase in motor vehicle theft. We also examine Houston, TX, home to a large number of comparatively more disadvantaged evacuees, and nd dramatic increases in murder (27 percent) and aggravated assault (28 percent) coupled with increases in illegal possession of weapons (32 percent) and arson (41 percent) in areas lived by evacuees. While these estimated e ects are substantial, we are unable to determine whether the crimes were committed by evacuees, or were triggered by their presence. Details: Memphis, TN: University of Memphis, Department of Economics, 2011. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 3, 2011 at: http://umdrive.memphis.edu/ajhussey/www/Katrina_5_28.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://umdrive.memphis.edu/ajhussey/www/Katrina_5_28.pdf Shelf Number: 122970 Keywords: Crime DisplacementCrime PatternsGeographic StudiesHurricane KatrinaMigration (U.S.)Natural Disasters |
Author: Berrebi, Claude Title: Earthquakes, Hurricanes, and Terrorism: Do Natural Disasters Incite Terror? Summary: A novel and important issue in contemporary security policy is the impact of natural disasters on terrorism. Natural disasters can strain a society and its government, creating vulnerabilities which terrorist groups might exploit. Using a structured methodology and detailed data on terrorism, disasters, and other relevant controls for 167 countries between 1970 and 2007, we find a strong positive impact of disaster-related deaths on subsequent terrorism deaths and incidence. We find that, on average, an increase in deaths from natural disasters of 25,000 leads to an increase in the following year of approximately 33 percent in the number of deaths from terrorism, an increase of approximately 22 percent in the number of terrorist attacks, and an increase of approximately 16 percent in the number wounded in terrorist attacks, holding all other factors constant. Furthermore, the effects differ by disaster types and country characteristics. Results were consistently significant and robust across a multitude of disaster and terrorism measures for a diverse set of model specifications. The results have strong implications for both disaster and terrorism mitigation policy. Details: Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2011. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper W876: Accessed January 13, 2012 at: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/2011/RAND_WR876.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/2011/RAND_WR876.pdf Shelf Number: 123608 Keywords: Natural DisastersTerrorism |