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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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3 results foundAuthor: Phillips, Mary T. Title: Commercial Bail Bonds in New York City: Characteristics and Implications - Final Report Summary: This report updates and expands upon a recent study of bail making by the New York City Criminal Justice Agency, Inc. (CJA), which found that bail bondsmen play a much larger role in New York City than they once did (Phillips 2010a, hereafter referred to as the “bailmaking report”). The research revealed that bonds accounted for 15% of all bail releases in the study sample, and 21% of cases with bail set at $1,000 or more. The bail-making report presented data showing that over 750 commercial bonds were posted in the four largest boroughs of the City for cases with an arrest from July through September 2005. (The term “commercial bond” is used here to refer to an insurance company bail bond, written by a commercial bond agent.) That number results in an annualized estimate of about 3,000 bonds per year in the City, although the actual total is undoubtedly higher than that. The majority of defendants in New York City are still released on recognizance (CJA 2010), and the majority of defendants who make bail do so by posting cash directly with the court. Still, the research showed that commercial bonds are by no means the rarity they once were. Analyses presented in the bail-making report utilized defendant and case-processing data from the CJA database, as well as form-of-bail data from the Office of Court Administration (OCA). The research examined the factors associated with making bail by cash versus bond, including the amount of bail set at arraignment, the courts’ use of cash alternatives, and time to release. Supplementary information collected by hand from cash bail receipts was presented pertaining to the sureties who posted cash bail for defendants, their relationship to the defendant, and geospatial relationships among the locations of the jail where the defendant was held, the bail-posting site, and the surety’s residence. Supplementary data describing characteristics of cash bail cases were presented citywide and for all four boroughs included in the research. Comparably detailed information about bonds was also collected by hand from court papers filed by bail bondsmen, but when the bail-making report was in preparation this supplemental information for bond cases had been collected only for Brooklyn and Manhattan. The results, revealing striking differences between the two boroughs, were presented in the full report (Phillips 2010a) and summarized in the corresponding Research Brief (Phillips 2010b) with a cautionary comment on the preliminary nature of the conclusions. We promised to enlarge the number of cases with supplementary bond data citywide and to round out the borough comparisons by adding supplementary data from the Bronx and Queens in a future update. This report provides that update with the presentation of supplementary bond data for all four of the largest boroughs and expands the analyses to consider the implications for bail setting suggested by the citywide data. Details: New York, NY: CJA New York City Criminal Justice Agency, Inc., 2011. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 29, 2012 at http://www.cjareports.org/reports/bonds2010final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.cjareports.org/reports/bonds2010final.pdf Shelf Number: 123878 Keywords: BailDefendantsNew York City |
Author: New York City. Mayor's Task Force on Cannabis Legalization Title: A Fair Approach to Marijuana: Recommendations from the Mayor's Task Force on Cannabis Legalization Summary: New York State may be poised to legalize non-medical adult cannabis use in the coming year, joining ten other states and the District of Columbia. This crossroads presents New York City with unique challenges and opportunities. These challenges include working to see that the State legislation is best structured to protect New York City residents and visitors to avoid unwanted consequences from adult legalization. The legislation, and State and City regulations that follow, must do all they can to protect the health and safety of New Yorkers. At the same time, we have the responsibility to use this turning point to help redress the disproportionate harms that criminalization of cannabis use has caused the City's communities of color. Legalization also poses unique opportunities to build a new industry in ways that advance our City's commitment to promote economic opportunities for economically disadvantaged New Yorkers and small businesses. The State legislation should forge a path to opportunities not for big corporations but for New Yorkers who need them most. Ongoing federal criminalization of cannabis adds further complexity to these challenges, perpetuating potential ill-consequences particularly for disadvantaged communities while limiting access to financial, tax, and other services and benefits to support the burgeoning industry. To help chart the City's course for cannabis legalization, Mayor Bill de Blasio convened the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization with the charge of identifying the goals and challenges that should guide the City's preparations for potential legalization. The Task Force includes representatives of City agencies that engage in areas affected by cannabis legalization, including those concerned with public health, public safety, education, economic opportunity, and finance, among others. The Task Force reviewed the range of regulatory regimes in other jurisdictions that have legalized adult cannabis use and the practical experiences of those jurisdictions. It conducted interviews with public health and public safety officials throughout the nation and in Canada, and consulted with academic and other experts, New York City officials, and community organizations. Task Force members also attended community listening sessions in New York City to hear the views of New Yorkers on the issues posed by legalization. Based on this research, the Task Force developed the following guiding principles for cannabis legalization and the recommendations summarized in the Executive Summary and detailed in the report below. Details: New York City: Mayor's Task Force on Cannabis Legalization, 2018. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 30, 2019 at: http://criminaljustice.cityofnewyork.us/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/A-Fair-Approach-to-Marijuana.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://criminaljustice.cityofnewyork.us/reports/mayors-task-force-on-cannabis-legalization/ Shelf Number: 155247 Keywords: Cannabis LegalizationDrug PolicyDrug ReformIllegal DrugsMarijuana LegalizationNew York CityPublic Health |
Author: Travis, Jeremy Title: Trends in Crime and Justice: Reflections on the New York City Story, 1980-2017 Summary: I bring to today's discussion a rare treasure-trove of data that describe the New York City Story. These data have been compiled over the past six years by my colleague and friend, Dr. Preeti Chauhan, and the staff of the Data Collaborative for Justice at John Jay College. The Data Collaborative has published 12 reports that have brought clarity to recent debates in our City on topics such as summons reform, closing Rikers, reducing arrests for turnstile jumping, and most recently, addressing racial disparities in marijuana enforcement. I acknowledge a special thanks to Prof. Chauhan and her colleagues, particularly Quinn Hood, for preparing these analyses, some of which are presented for the first time. Here is the ground we are going to cover: We will first summarize the trends that led to the five "new realities" of crime and justice in New York City - low crime rates, low enforcement rates, low rates of incarceration and supervision, the consequences of drug enforcement and persistent racial disparities. I then offer my reflections on these realities: the good news, the shortcomings, the lessons learned, and the challenges ahead. Details: New York: Arnold Ventures, 2019. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 18, 2019 at: https://craftmediabucket.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/AV-Trends-in-Crime-and-Justice-Jeremy-Travis.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://craftmediabucket.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/AV-Trends-in-Crime-and-Justice-Jeremy-Travis.pdf Shelf Number: 156354 Keywords: Crime Patterns Crime Trends Misdemeanors New York City |