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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
Time: 9:11 pm
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Results for night-time economy
22 results foundAuthor: Cozens, Paul Title: Investigating Crime Precipitators and the 'Environmental Backcloth' of the Night Time Economy: An Environmental Criminology Perspective from an Australian Capital City Summary: In many Western, post-industrial cities of the 21st Century, entertainment districts play an increasingly significant place-making role and contribute much to their night-time economies. However, many of these cities are experiencing increased levels of crime and fear of crime within their alcohol-oriented entertainment districts. This paper investigates crime and the night-time economy (NTE) associated with an entertainment district in an Australian capital city. It discusses the concept of the ‘environmental backcloth' (Brantingham and Brantinham, 1993) to this area as important contextual background to some of the contemporary crime problems. The paper highlights examples of situational crime precipitators (Wortley, 2008) from observational research and detailed land-use and pedestrian surveys conducted in the entertainment district. Seen within the context of the ‘environmental backcloth' these ‘situations' and settings can create irritation, frustration and pressures and potentially prompt / trigger or provoke criminality in otherwise, law-abiding citizens. The authors highlights the contribution that an environmental criminology perspective can provide to understanding the propensity for night-time entertainment districts to act as generators of and attractors for crime and anti-social behaviour. They set out a Scale Conscious Environmental Backcloth and Crime Precipitator Framework to assist in understanding crime and the NTE. The paper calls for more critical and detailed urban design studies and for ‘criminogenic environments' to be taken more seriously within planning. Details: Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales, 2011. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2012 at http://soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0217_final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0217_final.pdf Shelf Number: 126074 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorEnvironmental CriminologyNight-time Economy |
Author: Freel, R. Title: The Night-Time Economy: Findings from the 2009/10 and 2010/11 Northern Ireland Crime Surveys Summary: Respondents to the Northern Ireland Crime Survey (NICS) were asked about their perceptions and experiences of visiting their local high street or town centre in the evening to socialise. This might include going to pubs, clubs, restaurants, cinemas, theatres or concerts, meeting up with friends or attending community events and, within the context of the NICS, is referred to as the "night-time economy" (NTE). Over half of both NICS 2009/10 (53%) and 2010/11 (55%) respondents stated that they had not visited the night-time economy in the month preceding interview, with the most commonly cited reason being that they didn't really need or want to go (NICS 2009/10; 77% and NICS 2010/11; 84%). Findings from NICS 2010/11 suggest a relationship between frequency of visits to the night-time economy and age of the respondent, with younger age groups more likely than older age groups to socialise at least once per week (aged 16-24; 40% aged 75 plus; 3%). When age and gender are considered jointly, it is apparent that young men aged between 16 and 24 (50%) were most likely to frequent the NTE displaying a rate almost four times that of the NICS 2010/11 average (13%). NICS 2010/11 results also show a statistically significant increase since 2009/10 in the proportion of respondents who felt "very safe" (from 26% to 30%) and a subsequent decrease in those who felt a bit unsafe(15% to 11%) when socialising in their town centres in the evening. Over a third of respondents (38% in 2009/10; 37% in 2010/11) claimed that the presence of CCTV in the night-time economy made them feel safer whilst 16% of NICS 2009/10 respondents and 14% of NICS 2010/11 respondents were not aware of any CCTV cameras in their town centre. The most common method of transportation usually made for getting home from the NTE was public transport (43% in NICS 2009/10 and 45% in NICS 2010/11) which includes taxis, buses and trains. Findings show a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of NICS respondents who felt a bit unsafe whilst waiting for public transport in the NTE, falling from 23% in 2009/10 to 19% in 2010/11. Around two-fifths of NICS respondents considered people drinking or being drunk in public as the single most serious problem within the night-time economy (40% in 2009/10 and 38% in 2010/11). Over two-thirds of respondents felt that alcohol-related anti-social behaviour (ASB) is a very or fairly big problem in the NTE (69% in NICS 2009/10 and 67% in NICS 2010/11). Results from both sweeps of the survey show that around a third of respondents felt alcohol-related ASB had increased during the previous 12 months (33% in NICS 2009/10 and 31% in NICS 2010/11), with less than a tenth (7% and 8% respectively) of the opinion that the problem had decreased. Details: Belfast: Northern Ireland Department of Justice, Statistics and Research Branch, 2012. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Research and Statistical Bulletin 3/2012: Accessed July 11, 2013 at: http://www.dojni.gov.uk/index/statistics-research/stats-research-publications/northern-ireland-crime-survey-s-r/nics-2009-10-2010-11-night-time-economy-bulletin.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.dojni.gov.uk/index/statistics-research/stats-research-publications/northern-ireland-crime-survey-s-r/nics-2009-10-2010-11-night-time-economy-bulletin.pdf Shelf Number: 129364 Keywords: Crime Statistics (Northern Ireland, U.K.)Drunk and DisorderlyFear of CrimeNight-time EconomyPublic Safety |
Author: Palmer, Darren Title: ID Scanners in the Night-Time Economy: Social Sorting or Social Order? Summary: This project investigates the introduction of ID scanners in 'high risk' entertainment venues in Geelong (Vic) as part of an attempt to enhance community safety. Recently the inner city area of Geelong has been transformed into a significant 'night-time economy'. However, such developments come with potential harms, such as increases in crime and anti--social behaviour. Networked ID scanners are a unique innovation introduced to address these issues. The project documents what has been done, why, with what impact and what potential (or actual) harms exist to serve as a model for future policy and programme development. The research has identified the current interest in ID scanners across Australia and either planned or actual implementation of scanner networks in all jurisdictions. Such developments point to the need for immediate policy development in what is effectively an unregulated security practice, somewhat similar to the initial introduction of CCTV. Policy recommendations stemming from this research are summarised here and discussed in more detail under 'Conclusions and Recommendations' at the end of this report. Details: Criminology Research Council, 2011. 182p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 1, 2013 at: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1213/42-0809-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1213/42-0809-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 131579 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Night-Time EconomyNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Foundation for Alcohol Research Education Title: Busted: Correcting the Sydney Lockout Myths Summary: In February 2014, the New South Wales (NSW) Government introduced a range of measures to reduce alcohol-related violence. This included the restriction of entry to new licensed premises ('lockouts') after 1:30 am and the cessation of alcohol sales ('last drinks') at 3am in the newly established Kings Cross and Sydney CBD Entertainment Precincts. Trading hour restrictions have been identified as one of the most effective policy interventions to reduce alcohol harm, including alcohol-related violence. Australian and international research demonstrates that for every additional hour of trading, there is a 16 to 20 per cent increase in assaults and, conversely, for every hour of reduced trading there is a 20 per cent reduction in assaults. Since their introduction in 2014, there has been misrepresentation of information and propagation of myths in relation to the impact of the lockout and last drinks measures (the liquor law reforms). With an independent review of the measures currently underway, it is important that the facts are clearly established. For this reason, the present study uses newly available data with other sources of robust information to evaluate the impact of the liquor law reforms in Kings Cross. The study identifies a variety of claims in relation to the impact of the liquor law reforms as either false or grossly exaggerated. Details: Deakin ACT: The Foundation, 2016. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 26, 2016 at: http://fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Correcting-the-Sydney-lockout-myths-August-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Correcting-the-Sydney-lockout-myths-August-2016.pdf Shelf Number: 146010 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, ViolenceAnti-Social BehaviorLicense PremisesLiquor LawsNight-time Economy |
Author: Tomsen, Stephen Title: Homicide and the Night-time Economy Summary: Homicide and social patterns of alcohol use have become matters of wide concern in the Australian community. In recent years there has been particular interest in understanding and preventing attacks in commercial nightlife settings that typically involve high levels of collective drinking. Although overall rates of Australian homicide are in a long-term pattern of decline the Australian Institute of Criminology National Homicide Monitoring Program has produced a series of reports that draw out the persistent role of alcohol in homicide. This study provides evidence that homicides related to the night-time economy are not highly concentrated in locations of nightlife and heavy drinking that are usually understood as problematic sites of assaults and public disorder. Nevertheless, there is a broad persistence of after dark homicides that involve intoxication and are either directly or indirectly related to commercial night leisure. Details: Canberra: Criminology Research Council, 2016. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2017 at: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1617/47-1011-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1617/47-1011-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 145061 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderHomicidesLicensed Premises Night-time EconomyPublic DisorderViolent Crime |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere? Addressing physical availability of alcohol in Australia and the UK Summary: Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) have observed an enormous increase in the availability of alcohol since the 1980s. There has been huge growth in the number and types of places at which alcohol can be purchased, and in the times of the day and week transactions can take place. Over this period, there has also been a substantial increase in alcohol purchases for consumption off-premises, a shift partly driven by the increasing cost ratio of on- versus off-premise drinks. The on-premises trade has responded by shifting business models. Some adjustments, such as increased food offerings, are likely to place downward pressure on rates of harm. However, the greater competition can also push up rates of harm, as marginal operators compete with bulk and cheap promotions. The net result seems to have been relatively stable per capita consumption, but an increased awareness of harms associated with drinking. The political response to increasing public concern has focused predominantly on late-night violence and the broad notion of community amenity. Cracking down on drink driving was an earlier manifestation of this kind of response to visible problems involving a large number of ambulance attendances and emergency department presentations. Pressure on the political system has produced a variety of policies targeting the temporal availability of alcohol. The high profile of alcohol-related street violence in Australia in particular, has driven restrictions on the sale of particular products or in certain forms late at night. Both Australia and the UK have initiatives attempting to address the cumulative impact of licensed businesses to maintain community amenity. The UK has also produced schemes such as 'reducing the strength' to encourage voluntary restrictions on particular products. Political will for meaningful reform has regularly been limited by the enormous power and sophisticated lobby of the alcohol and hospitality industries. Much of the policy debate in Australia has surrounded the late night trade of alcohol. With debate focusing on events at 4am, it has remained peripheral to the great majority of Australians who are in bed at that time. Similarly, progress on cumulative and community impact has been largely ineffective. Policies have focused on whether and where further licences will be issued rather than reducing the number of licences, which has not been an issue which governments have been willing to consider. The breadth of harm associated with alcohol demands targeted measures and consideration of alcohol policy across a variety of domains. The multifaceted nature of domestic violence and chronic disease, for example, mean policies addressing alcohol's role in these issues are both challenging to develop and sometimes overlooked. A recurrent surprise has been that a relatively strong measure aimed at visible problems on the street - for instance, drink driving - unexpectedly has an effect in reducing rates of domestic violence. Details: London and Canberra: Institute of Alcohol Studies and the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2017. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2017 at: www.ias.org.uk/ Year: 2017 Country: International URL: www.ias.org.uk/ Shelf Number: 145902 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law Enforcement Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNight-Time Economy |
Author: Butler, Nadia Title: Liverpool's Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention: Progress monitoring report Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, intoxicated individuals and flouting these laws can result in fines being imposed on the person (e.g. bar staff) selling the alcohol, the holder of the premises license, the premises supervisor or the person who purchases alcohol on behalf of an intoxicated individual (CPS, 2005). Despite this, public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation is typically low (HC Deb, 2014; Hughes & Anderson, 2008; Hughes et al., 2014). Nightlife settings across the UK are characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015). Further, research suggests that many nightlife users arrive in nightlife environments already intoxicated, having consumed a substantial amount of alcohol at home before going on a night out (i.e. preloading; Anderson et al., 2007; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016a; Quigg et al., 2016b). Excessive alcohol consumption not only damages the public's health, but also places a large burden on police, local authorities and health services who must manage nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour, violence and alcohol-related injuries (Anderson et al., 2007; Drummond et al., 2005). To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at both local and national level including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety (Bellis et al., 2011; HM Government, 2012). Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that such measures can contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). In 2013, the first UK study of bar servers' propensity to serve alcohol to drunks was undertaken in Liverpool City Centre and found that 84% of purchase attempts by pseudointoxicated actors resulted in the sale of alcohol (Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks can be achieved through multi-agency interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the law around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training (Andreasson et al., 2000; Lenk et al., 2006; Wallin et al., 2005). Following the presentation of these findings to local partners across Liverpool, the multi-component Say No to Drunks pilot intervention was developed and implemented. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of the legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Findings from the evaluation of this first pilot study were positive and suggested improved public awareness of the legislation on sales of alcohol to drunks and increased bar server confidence in refusing such sales. While wider impacts were not observed, it represented the first step in a continued body of work to address sales of alcohol to drunks and creating safer nightlife environments in Liverpool (Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). Thus, in 2015 the intervention was further refined and rebranded as Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) and was subsequently implemented as a second phase. Phase two built on key elements of the pilot intervention and was comprised f: a social marketing and public awareness campaign; bar staff training; and police enforcement. Further, it covered a wider geographical area and also targeted nightlife users prior to entering the night-time economy. Findings from the evaluation of DLEM were positive, crucially showing that the service of alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated actors had reduced substantially from 84% in 2013 to 26% in 2015 (Hughes et al., 2014; Quigg et al., 2016b). The evaluation suggested that learning from the pilot phase and subsequent amendments to the intervention, and a greater commitment to implementing all aspects of the intervention, served to strengthen the intervention's impact (Quigg et al., 2016b). Although wider impacts on addressing the culture of drunkenness in Liverpool's nightlife were not observed, local partners recognise that the intervention is a crucial step in preventing the sales of alcohol to intoxicated patrons in Liverpool. Subsequently, the DLEM intervention continues to be a key work stream to prevent alcohol-related harms in the city's nightlife during peak periods (e.g. UEFA European Championship; Student Fresher's week; Halloween). As part of an ongoing monitoring and development process of DLEM, the Public Health Institute (PHI), Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to implement a research study to monitor progress of key elements of the intervention. Specifically the study aimed to: - Explore bar server awareness of legislation around the sale of alcohol to drunks; perceptions of the intervention; and their propensity to serve alcohol to drunks (i.e. pseudo-intoxicated actors); and, - Assess nightlife user: knowledge of the laws around the sale of alcohol to, and purchasing of alcohol for intoxicated individuals; perceptions and attitudes relating to drunkenness in nightlife; patterns of alcohol consumption and use of the night-time economy; and awareness and perceptions of the intervention. Details: Liverpool: Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 147609 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the Liverpool Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, a drunk person (Regulated under Section 141 and 142 of the Licensing Act 2003). However, until recent times public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation has appeared to be low. Critically, UK nightlife environments are often characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms. Excessive alcohol use damages the public's health, while managing nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour and violence places huge demands on police, local authorities and health services. To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at local and national levels including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety. Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that these measures may contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness. A study conducted in Liverpool in 2013 found that 84% of alcohol purchase attempts by pseudo-intoxicated actors in pubs, bars and nightclubs were successful (i.e. alcohol was sold to the actor; Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks, and associated harms, in nightlife settings can be achieved through the implementation of multi-component interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the laws around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training. Thus to address the sale of alcohol to drunks in the city's nightlife, local partners developed and implemented the multi-component Say No To Drunks pilot intervention. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Following an evaluation of Say No To Drunks, the intervention was further refined, broadened and implemented as a second phase in 2015 - rebranded to Drink Less Enjoy More. To inform the continued development of the intervention, the Centre for Public Health at Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to evaluate the intervention, comparing the results to previous work. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Liverpool-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-evaluation-report-March-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Liverpool-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-evaluation-report-March-2016.pdf Shelf Number: 147610 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder Alcoholism Antisocial BehaviorDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Miller, Peter Title: Dealing with alcohol-related harm and the night-time economy (DANTE): final report Summary: The 'Dealing with alcohol-related harm and the night-time economy (DANTE)' study compared the effectiveness of alcohol-related crime prevention measures put in place between 2005 and 2010 through licensing regulation in Newcastle (NSW) and the voluntary programs run in Geelong (Victoria). The study reviewed hospital, police and ambulance records to evaluate the rates of alcohol-related harm. 4000 patron interviews and 129 unannounced venue observations were undertaken and community attitudes towards alcohol-related harm and the available policy options were also canvassed. Across this very large range of data, the key findings were that a substantial amount of harm was associated with pre-drinking and that measures that dealt directly with alcohol consumption employed in Newcastle, such as restricted trading hours, were the most effective in reducing alcohol-related crime. The study found such measures need to be implemented across all venues, rather than just a specific venues to ensure a level-playing field for business and act as a vehicle for culture change amongst patrons. A range of interventions analysed in the study were found ineffective, including: the introduction of ID scanners, improved communication between venues and police and education campaigns (which were voluntary in Geelong). Strong, consistent policing using substantial personal fines was also found effective, but requires policing levels which are seldom sustained. Illicit drug use is fairly low, but does predict greater experience of violence and harm. The community surveys revealed that most people believed alcohol was a problem in their entertainment precincts and that nine out of ten people believed licenced venues should shut by 3am. There was similar support for more police on the street. The study concluded that while night-time economies, such as nightclubs and bars, are an important part of our urban and regional centres they are also places where violence and injury occur at great cost to the community. Using policies based on the evidence of this and other independent research can help create safe and vibrant night-time entertainment districts. Details: Sydney: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2012. 214p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph: Series No. 43: Accessed October 20, 2017 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph43.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph43.pdf Shelf Number: 137616 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderNight-time Economy |
Author: Donkin, Susan Title: Victims and Offenders of Night-time Economy Violence Summary: Recent increases in recorded levels of violent crime are a cause for concern, particularly since violence associated with the night-time economy (NTE) has attracted a great deal of negative media attention. The aim of this study is to provide insight, using the West Midlands as an example geography, into the underlying dynamics of violence within the night-time economy. By identifying characteristics of the clientele involved in violent offences, we endeavour to increase the efficiency of any strategies aimed at providing crime reduction in a NTE setting. Recorded violent crime data occurring at a licensed premise (LPVOs) in the West Midlands between October 2004 and September 2006 form the basis for the analysis described. Data relating to all known victims and offenders of these incidents were retrieved. Socio-demographic data for all victim and offender groups were compared and contrasted and a breakdown of the extent of both repeat victimization and offending established. Individuals who were the victim of or committed three or more violent offences at licensed premises were denominated as "recurrent" victims and offenders respectively. The criminal history of recurrent offenders was analysed and compared to that of both victim and offender groups, thus providing further detail regarding those who offend most and those who are victimised most. Details: London: UCL Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, 2007. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 7, 2017 at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan_Donkin/publication/241607010_Victims_and_Offenders_of_Night-time_Economy_Violence/links/5779dd2b08ae4645d611f3dd/Victims-and-Offenders-of-Night-time-Economy-Violence.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan_Donkin/publication/241607010_Victims_and_Offenders_of_Night-time_Economy_Violence/links/5779dd2b08ae4645d611f3dd/Victims-and-Offenders-of-Night-time-Economy-Violence.pdf Shelf Number: 110574 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductNight-time EconomyRepeat Victimization |
Author: Miller, Peter Title: Patron Offending and Intoxication in Night-Time Entertainment Districts (POINTED): final report Summary: Patron Offending and Intoxication in Night-Time Entertainment Districts (POINTED) is a massive project which interviewed almost 7000 patrons between November 2011 to June 2012, and conduct almost 900 hours of hours of observation of patrons in pubs and clubs. Entertainment precincts surveyed included King Street and Prahran in Melbourne, Northbridge in Perth, Kings Cross and Darling Harbour in Sydney and the Wollongong and Geelong night-time entertainment districts. The project showed that across Australia, after 1am, almost 30 percent of 6500 patrons tested had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of above 0.1 with the highest averages in Geelong and Perth. An average of 65% reported pre-drinking (or pre-loading) before to going out and the main reason to pre-load was to save money. Consuming five or six drinks before going to the pub indicated a higher risk of heavy alcohol consumption and risky behaviour, such as drink driving. The study also showed a high propensity for the use of high energy drinks (HED) - either in an alcohol mix or separate, and HED users generally had a higher BAC reading and experienced more aggression and injury. Most HED users had, on average, exceeded the daily recommended dose by 11pm. Finally, around one in four people are believed to have used drugs. This study was the first of its kind to use drug swabs to validate people own reports. It found between 1 and 2 people in every five had used drugs, but that one in four was the most likely average across the country. The main drugs admitted to were cannabis, amphetamines and ecstasy. Suggested policy directions from the study include: alcohol companies pay for health warning TV advertisements directly after the screening of pro-alcohol ads; ceasing the sales of high energy drinks from 10pm; the imposition of tighter trading hour restrictions; ceasing the sale of alcohol in venues an hour before closing; increasing the price of alcohol through taxation (preferably based on volume and increasing according to beverage strength) to include pre-packaged alcohol used for preloading, to allow for specific expenditure on measures that ameliorate harm, and; the banning of two for one, and bulk discount alcohol deals. Details: Canberra: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2013. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph Series No. 46: Accessed December 8, 2017 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph-46.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph-46.pdf Shelf Number: 128068 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Disorderly Conduct Night-Time Economy |
Author: Huddleston, Matthew R. Title: Taxi drivers and the night time economy: an exploratory study on their experiences Summary: Taxi drivers perform a significant role in the transport infrastructure of towns and cities around the world. They have become a vital subsidiary industry to the night time business of bars and clubs within central city areas, a term now collectively referred to as the night time economy. However, while catering to these transport needs, overseas evidence suggests that they are at great risk of falling victim to criminal acts such as assault, robbery, and even murder. There is a need then to establish whether these findings are relevant in a New Zealand context and establish how the risk of victimisation interacted with taxi drivers' involvement in the night time economy. This research was conducted using grounded theory methodology with taxi drivers interviewed from Auckland Co-operative Taxis. A total of nine drivers were interviewed in this study. Findings indicated that taxi drivers face a number of issues as a result of their occupation. It was found that the problems drivers face occur across day and night and are only further exacerbated by working within the night time economy. Economic insecurity was a primary motivator for continued involvement within this arena and affected drivers' decisions to accept risky fares. The introduction of a working wage was identified as a potential solution to this problem, freeing drivers to make rational decisions without regard to financial necessity. Future research should investigate the experiences of drivers that operate for the smaller companies as it was put forward that they have more relaxed operating standards than those observed with Auckland Co-operative Taxis. Details: Auckland: Auckland University of Technology, 2014. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 8, 2017 at: http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/8387 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/8387 Shelf Number: 148770 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductNight-Time EconomyTaxi DriversWorkplace Crime |
Author: Kerr, Jane Title: Responding to child sexual abuse and exploitation in the night-time economy Summary: Following high-profile cases of CSE (such as in Rotherham, Oxford and Rochdale), there have been a range of campaigns aimed at increasing people's awareness of, and capacity to act on, warning signs. Informing those who work in the night-time economy is of particular interest, as perpetrators are known to use fast-food outlets, taxi firms and hotel rooms to facilitate and conduct abuse. For this research, the night-time economy was defined as businesses and services that have direct contact with the public after 6pm. NatCen conducted an online questionnaire with 126 self-defined night-time economy workers across a range of legitimate industries within the public, private and third sectors. Key messages - The study found diversity in workers' awareness of the warning signs of CSA/CSE, knowledge of how to respond, experience of and interest in training, and awareness of campaigns. Key findings were that: - Perceptions of risk ranged from high to none at all across the industries and roles. - Being aware of the risks did not mean workers were clear about the warning signs or about how to respond; this appeared more to be associated with the responsibilities of their role. Participants whose roles include responsibility for child or public protection gave details of how they would respond to warning signs. Those with other roles referred more broadly to contacting the police or social services. - Not all workers in the night-time economy feel equipped to recognise and respond to the warning signs. Factors that appeared to influence how participants said they would react to the warning signs were: 1. The individual's role/remit specifically in relation to child protection; there were workers who did not see responding to CSA, including CSE, as part of their role 2. The extent of their contact with young people 3. The immediate perceived risk to the child. - Levels of training, information and support around CSE varied across industry sectors; training is not widespread across the night-time economy. Interest in receiving training and information was mixed, with a view that the issues and responses were 'common sense' or not part of their role. There was positive feedback on training that had been received, and some interest in receiving more. Those who did want further training mentioned specific training relating to their area of work, or ongoing training. - Two-fifths of participants had heard of one or more recent campaigns around CSE, even though many of those campaigns had targeted specific geographical locations. This research was intended as a preliminary stage of exploration into what night-time economy workers know and do about CSE/CSA. Further research could focus on fully understanding workers' knowledge of this area, evaluating the interventions aimed at night-time economy workers, and informing targeted initiatives and general messaging that the welfare of children and young people in the night-time economy is a responsibility that transcends workers' specific roles. Details: Centre of expertise on child sexual abuse, 2017. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 2, 2018 at: https://www.csacentre.org.uk/research-publications/night-time-economy/responding-to-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-in-the-night-time-economy/ Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.csacentre.org.uk/research-publications/night-time-economy/responding-to-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation-in-the-night-time-economy/ Shelf Number: 0 Keywords: Child ProtectionChild Sexual AbuseChild Sexual ExploitationNight-time Economy |
Author: London Assembly. Police and Crime Committee Title: Policing the Night-Time Economy Summary: The Night-Time Economy (NTE) is a crucial part of London's offer to both residents and visitors. Pubs and clubs, cinemas and theatres, and cafes and restaurants operating in the NTE all provide entertainment, jobs, and growth for the capital. In addition it contributes to the creation of new social networks, and plays an important part in city life and the vibrant cultural offer of London. The Mayor is committed to growing the NTE, and recently proposed the creation of a "Night Mayor" for London to ensure that nighttime activity can thrive. 1 The introduction of 24-hour alcohol licensing over a decade ago changed the way the NTE operates. This helped to diversify the NTE and gave individuals more choice. It also began to bring London's NTE into line with its European counterparts. This evolution, coupled with future changes like the introduction of the Night Tube, means London is very nearly a 24-hour city. But as the 24-hour city becomes a reality, what are the consequences for policing? The Night-Time Economy, crime, and alcohol Based on the available data, there does appear to be a correlation between the NTE, crime and alcohol. Alcohol features in a higher proportion of crimes in London that occur at night than during the day. Many of these are concentrated in areas with a strong NTE. There also appears to be a link between alcohol and violent crimes. In 2013- 14 in London, there were significantly more arrests for violence against the person offences that were linked to alcohol, than for other offences. The areas with the most violence with injury (VWI) offences committed at night tend to be those with a strong NTE.2 Assessments of the link between alcohol and crime, however, rely on subjective data. This has led some to criticise the statistics used to determine levels of 'alcohol-related' crime as unreliable and inconsistent. One of the reasons for this reliance on subjective data, and for inconsistency, is because there is no agreed definition of 'alcohol-related' or 'alcohol-fuelled' crime. This may be addressed in the near future, as the Home Office is exploring whether a definition of alcohol-fuelled violence, and a national 'flag' to be used in crime recording, should be introduced. MOPAC should lobby the Home Office for the introduction of a national definition of 'alcohol-related' crime. Details: London: The Assembly, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2018 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/policing_the_night-time_economy.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/policing_the_night-time_economy.pdf Shelf Number: 149015 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly ConductLicensed PremisesNight-Time Economy |
Author: Davidson, Neil Title: Space, place and policing in Scotland's night-time economy Summary: There is a growing political discourse in Scotland acknowledging alcohol to be a significant contributor to crime. A significant portion of this is directly related to the evening and night-time drinking based leisure industry i.e. the night-time economy (NTE). The NTE is often characterised by violent and disorderly behaviour concentrated in and around pubs and nightclubs ('hotspots') on weekend nights presenting considerable public health, criminal justice and urban management issues. Recently the political rhetoric has been backed up by new legislation in an attempt to counterbalance what was previously a market-driven economy. There now exists various crime reduction partnerships and situational crime prevention technologies to restrict and control certain behaviours and the presence and movements of persons and groups. This research project has specifically focused on the role of police in this rapidly changing regulatory NTE context. Combining data gathered from participant observation sessions with front-line police and in-depth interviews with multiple NTE stakeholders in a multi-site comparison study across Scotland, this research project provides a robust evidential base from which to analyses and interpret policing of the NTE at the national and local scales using various conceptual frameworks of contemporary policing in western societies. What my findings have shown is that front-line officers have adapted their police work in order to suit the specific context within which they are operating. I have termed this specific variation on traditional understandings of 'cop culture' as being the 'street craft of policing the NTE'. Furthermore, while this street craft was evident across all three case study areas, the extremely tangled and convoluted nature of local security provision at the local scale necessitates that front-line officers adapt this street craft to meet the local specificities of their respective NTEs. Details: Dundee, UK: University of Dundee, 2011. 338p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Shelf Number: 150344 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime and PlaceCrime HotspotsDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-time Economy |
Author: Knight, Victoria Title: Engaging with the Night Time Economy Community: Finding Ways to Enhance Violence Reduction Across Leicester City Summary: This report documents the outcome of a series of consultations with the night time economy community in Leicester city. Its focus was to explore the ways in which this community and its stakeholders views and responds to the incidence of violent crime. The report describes the rationale and approach to understanding violent crime in the night time economy in the context of Leicester city. A number of key messages and themes have been identified as a result of this consultation. These messages have helped to secure a number of priorities to assist with violence reduction in the night time economy and more broadly enhance harm reduction associated with alcohol consumption. The report captures what Leicester city is doing well and highlights additional areas to enhance good practice for all stakeholders. A consolidated and joint approach is imperative to securing good working relationships across the night time community in order for it succeed. This executive summary highlights the key points of the full report. Rationale and Approach to the Consultation Violent crime reduction has been identified as a priority for the Safer Leicestershire Partnership. Common assault was identified as an area which required attention in Leicester's city centre and the West of the City. It was also observed that common assault and other violent crime was occurring more frequently during the night time periods, especially those where individuals visit these areas to consume alcohol. An audit of the night time economy in 2011 highlighted a number of complex issues associated with violence and the night time economy. In addition Leicestershire police conducted a review of violent crime data in the night time economy in 2011. Although useful, it was recognised that a much deeper understanding of the practices of key stakeholders was necessary in order to develop strategies to bring about harm minimization and a safer night time experience for all stakeholders. A series of consultations occurred in 2012 which was led by an independent researcher from De Montfort University. Key stakeholders who included licensees, door supervisors, police, clinical staff, volunteers and key strategic and operational staff took part in a series of group discussions to describe their practice and their views on violence reduction. What Research says about Violence in the Night Time Economy The causes and impact of violence in the night time economy have been closely associated with the consumption of alcohol. Using geographical techniques research has identified that violence increases during 'hot times' and in 'hot spots'. Extended opportunities to consume more alcohol as a result of relaxed licensing hours have also been attributed to an increase in violent crime. Injury is an outcome for some of the violence that occurs during these times and more recently clinical data has been used to understand the scale of violent crime. It is widely acknowledged that the extent of violence is not fully understood, with a large proportion going unreported. Significant contributors to violent crime in the night time economy include; drunkennessexacerbated by long drinking periods extended by 'pre-' and 'back-' loading and the availability of cheap alcohol, previous involvement in violence, drinking in single sex groups, young and male. Violence is also increased in spaces where crowds can gather, where loud music is played and in standing-only venues. Police typically employ two generic models of policing for the night time economy; community/preventative policing and reactive/fast response. Together these use intelligence and knowledge of the community to deliver their services. Clinical provision typically provides static care within A&E departments. More recently mobile and specialist units have been deployed at night time periods to slow down entrants to A&E. Research indicates that the night time periods have demanded an increase in staffing to manage an increase in alcohol related injury. Some departments now provide alcohol specialist nurses, alcohol screening tool, and joint working with police officers to promote harm minimization. Door supervisors contribute significantly to the regulation of the night time economy. Volunteers like Street Pastors provide additional pastoral care for vulnerable night time users. A range of prevention and intervention strategies have been trialed and implemented to assist with violence reduction in night time economy contexts. These include practices and techniques adopted by licensees and door supervisors such training for dealing with drunkenness, drinks or entry refusal and ID checking. The adoption of banning patrons, using plastic glasses instead of glass and pub/club watch initiatives. Policing has also used high visibility techniques to increase police presence, test purchasing, targeting hot spots and vulnerable venues, the use of dispersal orders and training the drinks industry. Local government initiatives include coordinated transport arrangements, multi-agency working, temporary road closures and replacing conventional street lighting with 'white lighting'. Public health interventions include harm minimization awareness campaigns and alcohol screening tools. Key Findings Maintaining standards across the night time economy is achieved through compliance with regulations and good practice. Balancing safety and working within resources and creating a healthy economy can be a challenge. There is a strong desire to maintain and extend standards. Barriers to this included lack of understanding about other services, working relationships, ability to invest in better practice and access to support. Good practice includes: coordinated forum through Citywatch to access support, advice and their radio service, licensee practices within venues to maintain compliance with Licensing Act, the city's shared agreement not to sell alcohol cheaply, designing in environmental features to keep night time visitors calm in venues, use of experienced and legitimate door supervisors, regulation of the security industry, joint local partnership between licensing and specialist licensing officers, focused policing- licensing officers and dedicated night time economy responsive teams, high visibility policing in hot spots, joint police and paramedic mobile unit- POLAMB, availability of voluntary services. Access and availability of training is limited across the city for all stakeholders. Despite training being available, this is uncoordinated and lacks consolidation. There is a desire for more frequent and diverse training to enhance knowledge and practice. The supply of alcohol across the city that exacerbates drunkenness and disorder has brought about a stigmatization of the industry and for licensees and door supervisors this has meant they are unable to promote their professionalism more extensively. There is evidence to support that licensees and door supervisors do accept a duty of care for their customers but it was felt this was not widespread or acknowledged by other stakeholders. Dealing with difficult situations as a result of drunkenness is a pressure point for all stakeholders. Stakeholders are routinely subjected to abuse (verbal and physical) from night time visitors. Stakeholders who used the Citywatch radio felt that this facility should be used more to help tackle these issues and help other services and visitors to keep safe There is some frustration about the ways in which offenders of crime and anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Confidence in the Section 27 disposal (dispersal order) is limited. All stakeholders expressed some misunderstandings about what other services can do. As a result disproportionate expectations of services have emerged. Achieving trust and sound working relationships between services is limited by lack of understanding, negative experiences of services, stigma and ability to forge relationships based on time and resources. The night time economy in Leicester is diverse in terms of places (including types of venues), people and behaviour. Open and transparent communication and targeting the right resources to the right places at the right time can enhance this. Problems arise when crowds are able to gather, transport remains limited, extended availability of alcohol (including off-licenses), litter is allowed to gather, response times are delayed by accessibility issues and the availability of food is limited. Competing agendas between stakeholders is a barrier to enhancing working relationships and subsequent partnerships. Limited resources were identified as a significant barrier. Details: Leicester, UK: Leicester City Council, 2012. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/9336/Engaging%20with%20the%20Night%20Time%20Economy%20Community%20Full%20Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/9336/Engaging%20with%20the%20Night%20Time%20Economy%20Community%20Full%20Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 150347 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social DisorderNight-Time EconomyViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: London Assembly. Economy Committee Title: Rewrite the night: the future of London's night-time economy Summary: London's night-time economy (NTE) is evolving. Bars, clubs and pubs have long been at the centre of night-time activity. But over the past decade, the capital's NTE has developed. The sheer volume and variety of entertainment and activities are a strong draw for residents, workers and over 31 million visitors to the capital each year. The launch of Night Tube services in summer 2016, followed by a night service on the London Overground network last December, has made it easier for people to travel around the capital at night. This, plus the introduction of 24-hour alcohol licensing, has earned London the right to be considered a 24-hour city, and brought the NTE in line with its European counterparts. However, the NTE could be further developed in terms of job creation, the range of cultural activity and the numbers and diversity of people enjoying nights out in the capital. London's NTE extends far beyond entertainment and leisure activities, and includes the many everyday jobs undertaken by cleaners, drivers, security and health personnel, for example, which are vital to its continued success. Developing the NTE will require a longer-term strategic outlook shaped by the Mayor, working with many partners. People who work in the NTE, use it, live around it, run the businesses operating during the night, and are involved in planning future development and managing the impacts, must be listened to. Looking after the welfare of night-time workers will be paramount. Their employment rights and workplace benefits will need to match those of workers in the day-time economy. At the very least they deserve the right to fair pay, a safe working environment, and access to safe transport options to and from work. The wellbeing of individuals on a night out should also be prioritised, driven by a broader national campaign to inspire more responsible alcohol consumption and to provide the support both they and pub and bar workers need. Residents should be properly included in discussions, locally and at a panLondon level, about planning the NTE as it develops, and how best to manage and respond to any impacts before they become problems. At times, these discussions will need to happen across borough boundaries and through well-established networks where the views of businesses, grassroots music venues, arts practitioners, residents, the police and local authority officers can be heard. These networks will help facilitate the more coordinated approach to regulating, licensing and public safety needed in the NTE across London. London's NTE must continue to diversify as it develops. It will mean being creative about content, welcoming of different genres of music, and appealing to more Londoners. Many varied and innovative things are happening in outer London boroughs. They too will need to be central to the Mayor's vision for the NTE. This will require an inclusive approach to marketing and promotion along with improvements to transport links in outer London boroughs at night. One simple measure would be to ensure that outer London events are featured and promoted in major listing publications across the capital, by London and Partners and on social media. The Mayor is rightly committed to turning London into a 24-hour city and this will need to be overseen at a London-wide level. This could usefully be delivered by permanently establishing roles for an individual, such as the Night Czar to promote and champion the NTE, and a policy-focused body, such as the Night Time Commission. The Mayor must build on his night vision document published in July 2017, and clarify how his plans for a more diverse NTE will be implemented, what the key milestones will be, and how he intends to measure the impact and progress of his work. A more diverse London NTE is to be welcomed, but it must be open to all Londoners - affordable, accessible, inclusive - and be a safe environment to enjoy a night out, and work in. Details: London: The Assembly, 2018. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 24, 2018 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/rewrite_the_night_final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/rewrite_the_night_final.pdf Shelf Number: 150352 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Assaults Disorderly Conduct Licensed PremisesNight-Time EconomyPublic Safety |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: STOP-SV: a training programme to prevent nightlife-related sexual violence (Evaluation Report) Summary: Globally, sexual violence is a key public health issue, placing large burdens on individuals' health and well-being, local communities and services. Accordingly, preventing sexual violence and associated risk factors are key targets in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) . Efforts to understand, prevent and respond to sexual violence have increased in recent decades. Importantly, studies have started to emerge highlighting nightlife environments as key settings for sexual violence, and critically the importance of developing and implementing prevention strategies in these settings. However, few prevention strategies exist that specifically aim to address nightlife related sexual violence. As part of the European Union Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme, in 2016 the STOPSV (staff training on prevention of sexual violence) project was established with partners from the Czech Republic (Charles University), Portugal (IREFREA), Spain (IREFREA) and the United Kingdom (UK; Liverpool John Moores University). The primary aim of STOP-SV is to support the prevention of nightlife related sexual violence, through: 1. Mobilising local communities and developing community coalitions to work together to prevent nightlife related sexual violence; 2. Providing local stakeholders with the knowledge and tools to train nightlife staff (e.g. servers, security) so that they can recognise and effectively prevent and respond to sexual violence in nightlife; and, 3. Training nightlife workers so that they can recognise and effectively prevent and respond to sexual violence in nightlife. Based on existing literature on nightlife related sexual violence, and programmes that aim to prevent and respond to sexual violence through bystander intervention, the project developed a new pilot training programme for nightlife workers. In 2017/18, STOP-SV project partners from three pilot site countries (Czech Republic, Portugal and Spain) identified and tutored local stakeholders (i.e. training facilitators; Czech Republic n=5; Portugal n=11; Spain n=12, Appendix 1) to implement the STOP-SV training programme with nightlife workers in their respective countries. Subsequently, training facilitators implemented a training session with 114 nightlife workers (i.e. trainees; Czech Republic n=70; Portugal n=26; Spain n=18). A research study was conducted to evaluate the implementation and impact of the pilot STOP-SV training programme. The core objectives were to explore: The views of project partners, training facilitators and trainees of the STOP-SV training programme (following the piloting); and, The associated impact of the STOP-SV pilot training programme on nightlife workers': - Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of sexual violence; and, - Confidence in intervening in sexual violence in nightlife settings. In addition, the study sought to explore nightlife workers': Experience of identifying vulnerable patrons and/or sexual violence in nightlife settings; and, Personal experience of sexual violence in nightlife settings. Details: Liverpool: Faculty of Education, Health and Community, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 13, 2019 at: https://phi.ljmu.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/STOP-SV-a-training-programme-to-prevent-nightlife-related-sexual-violence-evaluation-report.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Europe URL: https://phi.ljmu.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/STOP-SV-a-training-programme-to-prevent-nightlife-related-sexual-violence-evaluation-report.pdf Shelf Number: 154940 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, ViolenceBystander InterventionNight-time EconomyPublic Health IssueRapeSexual AssaultSexual ViolenceViolence prevention |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the Cheshire and Merseyside Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention Summary: DLEM is a community-based intervention designed to prevent alcohol-related harms in nightlife settings through preventing sales of alcohol to intoxicated nightlife patrons in on-licensed premises (illegal in the UK); and discouraging, and reducing the acceptability of excessive drunkenness amongst nightlife patrons. DLEM is modelled on the evidence-based STAD programme, and involves the collective and coordinated implementation of three core components: community mobilisation, responsible bar staff training and strengthened police engagement. Nightlife settings can have major benefits for individuals' well-being, and for communities' economic prosperity. However, studies consistently suggest that UK nightlife settings are often characterised by high levels of drunkenness and associated harms (e.g. injury, violence. Across England and Wales, in 2015/16, 67% of all violent incidents occurring at the weekend were alcohol-related; a quarter of all violent incidents occurred around a pub or club and 91% of these were alcohol-related. Further, preloading (drinking at home prior to entering the night-time economy [NTE]), is a common drinking behaviour that has been associated with excessive alcohol consumption during a night out and experience of violence. Alcohol-related harms in nightlife have an impact on both individuals and wider communities, and efforts to prevent or minimise harms places heavy demands on public services. A study of attendances at Arrowe Park Accident and Emergency department (Wirral Local Authority) found that 47% of patients presenting with violent injury reported having consumed alcohol, while the majority (64%) attended the department at night and at weekends. Interventions targeting drunkenness in nightlife therefore have the potential to reduce harms to the drinker and to others affected by drunkenness, including surrounding communities and public services. Whilst the evidence base is limited, research suggests that multi-component community action programmes can be effective in reducing alcohol-related harms in nightlife settings. One of the most successful of these approaches is the STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems) programme. STAD combines responsible bar server (RBS) training with multi-agency planning, community mobilisation and strengthened law enforcement. Evaluation of STAD has shown significant reductions in the sale of alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated patrons and related harms in nightlife settings. Positive impacts were also observed across communities surrounding the nightlife setting (e.g. crime reduction). Further, through reductions in violent crime, estimates suggest that STAD saved L39 for every L1 invested [15]. In England and Wales, it is mandatory for statutory partners to collaborate locally to address crime and disorder. Through these partnerships, a broad range of strategies have been implemented to promote safer nightlife settings. Further, tackling drunkenness and sales to drunk individuals is increasingly being prioritised. In England and Wales it is illegal (Licensing Act 2003) to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, a person who is drunk. However, public awareness of the legislation is often lacking, there are few prosecutions for breaching the legislation, and bar staff do not always adhere to it. Ensuring the legislation is adhered to is essential; providing alcohol to already intoxicated people supports cultures of excessive nightlife alcohol intoxication. Details: Liverpool: Faculty of Education, Health and Community, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 26, 2019 at: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Cheshire%20and%20Merseyside%20DLEM%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018%20final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Cheshire%20and%20Merseyside%20DLEM%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018%20final.pdf Shelf Number: 155171 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol-Related ViolenceAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyDrunkennessIntoxicated PatronsNight-Time Economy |
Author: Ross-Houle, Kim Title: Evaluation of Sefton's Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention Summary: Summary - Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) is a community based multi-component intervention aiming to prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in nightlife settings through, in the first instance, raising adherence to and knowledge of UK legislation prohibiting the sale of alcohol to, or purchasing of alcohol for, drunks. - DLEM has been implemented across Liverpool City Centre's nightlife since 2014, and in 2017/18 was expanded across Cheshire and Merseyside, including Sefton Local Authority Area. - As part of an evaluation of DLEM across Cheshire and Merseyside, surveys with nightlife users and alcohol test purchases using pseudo-intoxicated actors (a proxy measure for the sale of alcohol to drunks) were implemented pre and post-intervention in Southport Town Centre. - This report provides a summary of information collected specifically from Southport, including data from: alcohol test purchases (pre-intervention = 50; post-intervention = 51) and nightlife user surveys (pre-intervention = 67; post-intervention = 75). - Across Sefton, the DLEM intervention was implemented from October to December 2017. - Whilst small sample sizes mean that findings should be interpreted with caution, findings suggest some positive outcomes over this time period: - Post-intervention, 38.4% of survey participants were aware of the DLEM intervention; of these: - 31.8% agreed2 it demonstrated that people who are drunk would not get served more alcohol in nightlife venues. - 23.8% agreed it would make them drink less alcohol before going on a night out. - 14.3% agreed it would make them drink less alcohol whilst on a night out. o 57.1% agreed it made them feel safer on a night out. - 28.6% agreed that it would make them more likely to go on a night out. - The proportion of survey participants recognising that serving alcohol to customers who are already drunk is illegal increased from 63.1% pre-intervention to 74.3% post-intervention. - The proportion of survey participants recognising it is illegal for a person to buy alcohol for a friend who was already drunk rose from 53.8% pre-intervention to 60.8% post-intervention. - There was a slight reduction in the proportion of alcohol test purchases that resulted in the sale of alcohol to a pseudo-intoxicated actor from 32.0% pre-intervention to 27.5% post-intervention. - Implementation of DLEM across Sefton nightlife settings appears to be associated with improvements in nightlife user knowledge of associated alcohol legislation. Whilst there was only a slight reduction in the number of successful test purchases to pseudo-intoxicated actors in on-licenced premises the number of successful serves was low in the pre-intervention phase. Details: Liverpool: Faculty of Education, Health and Community, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. 18p Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 27, 2019 at: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Drink%20Less%20Enjoy%20More%20Sefton%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Drink%20Less%20Enjoy%20More%20Sefton%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018.pdf Shelf Number: 155193 Keywords: Alcohol Interventions Alcohol-Related Violence Antisocial Behavior Community-Based Program Disorderly Conduct Drunk and Disorderly Drunkenness Intoxicated Patrons Night-Time Economy |
Author: Butler, Nadia Title: STAD in Europe (SiE): Process and outcome evaluation of Wrexham's Drink Less Enjoy More intervention Summary: The STAD in Europe (SiE) project -- The SiE project aims to reduce binge drinking and associated harms in young people, through the development of locally tailored community based interventions designed to tackle heavy episodic drinking in different drinking environments. The project is based on the original STAD programme in Sweden, which combines three core components (community mobilisation, bar staff training in responsible beverage service, and stricter law enforcement) aiming to tackle alcohol-related harms in nightlife environments. The SiE project focuses on transferring the STAD model to four drinking settings: nightlife; festivals; public environments (e.g. streets, parks and beaches); and, private environments (e.g. home drinking). The project involves the development and piloting of interventions to tackle heavy episodic drinking for one of these settings in seven pilot areas in: the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK). The UK pilot intervention The UK SiE pilot intervention was implemented in Wrexham (North Wales) and aimed to reduce drinking amongst young people in private drinking environments prior to going out in the night-time economy (i.e. preloading). In the UK, preloading appears to be common practice, particularly amongst young people, with the proportion of 18-21 year olds reporting preloading ranging from 75%-83% across two UK nightlife environments [1, 2]. Tackling preloading is a complex issue; there is no UK legislation around adults consuming excessive amounts of alcohol in private settings [3]. However, preloading has relevance to policies concerning licensed premises. Theoretically, if legislation which prohibits the service of alcohol to, or purchase of alcohol for, drunks was adhered to, individuals would not be able to acquire more alcohol in nightlife venues. This may both reduce levels of drunkenness in the nightlife environment and deter patrons from consuming excessive amounts while preloading. Thus, the UK SiE pilot intervention, Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM), aimed to discourage and reduce preloading behaviour by changing the acceptability of drunkenness in the nightlife environment, both upon entry and throughout the night out, by increasing nightlife user awareness of relevant legislation and alcohol-related harms and vulnerability associated with preloading, and preventing the sale of alcohol to drunks in licensed premises in the town centre. The pilot Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) intervention was modelled on the three core components of the STAD programme, and closely based on the previous adaptation of the STAD model to UK nightlife settings across England and Wales. The pilot intervention was implemented over a six week period (November - December 2017) and contained all core components of the original STAD model including: - Establishment of a multi-agency steering group, including representatives from: Wrexham County Borough Council (Trading Standards, Licensing, Community Safety and Communications); North Wales Police; Public Health Wales; youth services; education; and, the LJMU SiE project team; - Community engagement with licensees, door security personnel and young people at local educational establishments; - Implementation of an awareness raising campaign on legislation around the sale and purchase of alcohol for drunks and vulnerability associated with preloading and intoxication, through email, blogs, posters in venues, local and national press, and social media; - Responsible Bar Staff (RBS) training for on and off-licence premise licensees and heads of door security on associated legislation, vulnerability associated with drunkenness, and the DLEM intervention; and, vulnerability training with the local university captains of clubs and societies on vulnerability associated with intoxication; - Police engagement with the licensing trade to cultivate self-policing practices, prevent the sale of alcohol to drunks and increase awareness of vulnerability associated with drunkenness; and, re-enforcement by officers policing the night-time economy of the values of DLEM stressing to nightlife users that drunkenness is not acceptable. Details: Liverpool: Faculty of Education, Health and Community, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 28, 2019 at: http://allcatsrgrey.org.uk/wp/download/public_health/alcohol/Wrexham-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-pilot-intervention-report-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://allcatsrgrey.org.uk/wp/download/public_health/alcohol/Wrexham-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-pilot-intervention-report-2018.pdf Shelf Number: 155206 Keywords: Alcohol Interventions Alcohol-Related Violence Antisocial Behavior Disorderly Conduct Drunk and Disorderly Drunkenness Intoxicated Patrons Night-Time Economy |
Author: Grey, Hannah Title: Evaluation of the Wirral's Drink Less Enjoy More intervention Summary: Summary - Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) is a community based multi-component intervention aiming to prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in nightlife settings through, in the first instance, raising adherence to and knowledge of UK legislation prohibiting the sale of alcohol to, or purchasing of alcohol for, drunks. - DLEM has been implemented across Liverpool City Centre's nightlife since 2014, and in 2017/18 was expanded across Cheshire and Merseyside, including Wirral Local Authority Area. - As part of an evaluation of DLEM across Cheshire and Merseyside, surveys with nightlife users and alcohol test purchases using pseudo-intoxicated actors (a proxy measure for the sale of alcohol to drunks) were implemented pre and post-intervention, across selected nightlife settings, including Birkenhead, Oxton and Heswall (Wirral Local Authority). - This report provides a summary of information collected specifically across Wirral, including data from: alcohol test purchases (pre-intervention = 20; post-intervention = 19) and nightlife user surveys (pre-intervention = 44; post-intervention = 34). - Across Wirral, the DLEM intervention was implemented from October to November 2017. - Whilst small sample sizes mean that findings should be interpreted with caution, findings suggest some positive outcomes over this time period: -- Post-intervention, 41.4% of survey participants were aware of the DLEM intervention; of these: -- 70.0% agreed it demonstrated that people who are drunk would not get served more alcohol in nightlife venues. -- 40.0% agreed it would make them drink less alcohol before going on a night out. -- 20.0% agreed it would make them drink less alcohol whilst on a night out. -- 40.0% agreed it made them feel safer on a night out. -- 30.0% agreed that it would make them more likely to go on a night out. - The proportion of survey participants recognising that serving alcohol to customers who are already drunk is illegal increased from 62.8% pre-intervention to 81.3% post-intervention. - The proportion of survey participants recognising it is illegal for a person to buy alcohol for a friend who was already drunk rose from 53.3% pre-intervention to 71.9% post-intervention. - There was a significant reduction in the proportion of alcohol test purchases that resulted in the sale of alcohol to a pseudo-intoxicated actor from 90.0% pre-intervention to 36.8% post-intervention Implementation of DLEM across Wirral nightlife settings appears to be associated with a significant reduction in sales of alcohol to pseudo-drunks in on-licensed premises, and improvements in nightlife user knowledge of associated alcohol legislation. Details: Liverpool: Faculty of Education, Health and Community, Liverpool John Moores University, , 2018. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 28, 2019 at: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Drink%20Less%20Enjoy%20More%20Wirral%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Drink%20Less%20Enjoy%20More%20Wirral%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018.pdf Shelf Number: 155207 Keywords: Alcohol Interventions Alcohol-Related Violence Antisocial Behavior Disorderly Conduct Drunk and Disorderly Drunkenness Intoxicated Patrons Night-Time Economy |