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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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Results for offender treatment
21 results foundAuthor: Scott, Wayne Title: Effective Clinical Practices in Treating Clients in the Criminal Justice System Summary: This report addresses effective clinical practices in treating clients in the criminal justice system. Details: Boston: Crime and Justice Institute, 2008 Source: National Institute of Corrections, Community Corrections Division Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 113904 Keywords: Offender TreatmentRehabilitation |
Author: Grapes, Tony Title: The NOMS Offender Management Model Summary: This document sets out the key ideas which make up the U.K. National Offender Management Service (NOMS) concept of offender managment. It presents the rationale behind the development of the model, the fundamental principles upon which offender management is based, and some of the standard tools for applying the model in practice. Details: London: Home Office, 2006. 82p. Source: Accesssed May 20, 2017 at: https://www.swmcrc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/offender_management_model_1.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 118174 Keywords: Offender Treatment |
Author: North East Public Health Observatory Title: A Review of Alcohol Services for Offenders in the North East Region Summary: This report presents a review of current provision for alcohol users within the criminal justice system in the North East region of the UK. The aim of the review was to map and explore the provision that is currently in place for offenders within the 12 localities. The mapping exercise also explored the pathways and partnership working between agencies, which are a key aspect of delivering a seamless journey for the offender and delivering a continuum of care. This report provides a snapshot of the work currently being undertaken within the region and also provides an overview of some of the work that is currently in development. The overarching aims of the review included developing an understanding of the key strengths of the provision available and its situation within the overall care pathway. In addition consideration was given to those areas of weaknesses, which if strengthened would improve the outcomes for service users. Details: Stockton on Tees, UK: NEPHO, 2010. 64p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119452 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime and DisorderOffender Treatment |
Author: Roberts, Colin H. Title: Displaying Effectiveness: Evaluation Report on the IRIS Project Summary: The Intensive Recidivist Intervention Scheme (IRIS) is a prolific offender (PO) project conceived and managed by the Thames Valley Police, in collaboration with the Thames Valley Probation Area. During the first year of operation the project focused on offenders living in the Oxford Local Police Area, and was run from the Police Station in Oxford (St Aldates). The project had two major aims when it commenced in September 2003. 1. To reduce the number of acquisitive crimes committed in the Oxford area by the targetted IRIS offenders and thereby helping to protect the public by limiting the harm to victims within the community. 2. To develop in the IRIS scheme participants a sense of personal responsibility, by encouraging them to improve their life skills and increase their levels of victim empathy. This report presents an evaluation of the program for the period from September 2003 to the end of December 2004. Details: Oxford, UK: University of Oxford, Centre for Criminology & Probation Studies Unit, 2005. 49p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119466 Keywords: Offender TreatmentRecidivismRepeat Offenders |
Author: Lovell, Mark Title: Jailbreak: How to Transform Prisoners' Training Summary: Within weeks of coming to office, Kenneth Clark (UK) has announced a dramatic change to justice policy. The use of prison sentences is now to be cut. Those who do end up in jail will be given training - with independent companies brought in to see it through. However, this study warns that radical change in the system is needed if the policy is to work. The last government had set out on the same path, but with little success. Re-offending rates remained high at around 62%. In particular the system: Lacks a clear chain of accountability. Responsibility for training and funding overlaps between different Whitehall Departments and their agencies; The system suffers from confused aims and means. Programmes are often ill-suited to the offenders and have the wrong emphasis. There are high drop-out rates; The system is patchy. Access to it for offenders is uncertain. Many don’t get the chance to train properly. But there are exceptions – where companies and others from outside the system have had remarkable success. A change of direction is needed if the system is to open to success. Responsibility for training must be allocated to one body with a clear chain of accountability. Success should be judged against whether the offender is prepared when in prison to find and keep a job on release. Funds must be transparently allocated on a per capita basis. The total amount now used should go to the contracted body for an individual’s training. Details: London: Politeia, 2010. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2010 at: http://www.politeia.co.uk/sites/default/files/files/Jailbreak%20PDF.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.politeia.co.uk/sites/default/files/files/Jailbreak%20PDF.pdf Shelf Number: 119974 Keywords: Correctional ProgramsCorrections TrainingInmate ProgramsInmatesOffender TreatmentRehabilitation |
Author: McCoard, Shirley Title: Scoping Study of Interventions for Offenders with Alcohol Problems in Community Justice Settings Summary: This report presents the findings of a scoping study of alcohol problems among offenders in the community justice setting. It is one of three studies that make up the portfolio of the Alcohol and Offenders Criminal Justice Research Programme which is led by NHS Health Scotland and funded by the Scottish Government. The overarching aim of the portfolio is to understand better the extent and nature of alcohol problems in offenders, and which effective interventions can address them, recognising that the criminal justice setting is an opportunity to detect and intervene in an often ‘hard to reach’ population. This research sought specifically to inform policy and practice by mapping plans, arrangements and procedures in place within local areas throughout Scotland to identify and intervene with offenders with alcohol problems, as part of the criminal justice process or otherwise, in community settings, including identifying emerging good practice. It also sought to establish what is known about the effectiveness of interventions for this group. Details: Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland, 2011. 130p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2011 at: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15007-Scoping%20Study%20of%20Interventions%20for%20Offenders%20with%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15007-Scoping%20Study%20of%20Interventions%20for%20Offenders%20with%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Shelf Number: 121075 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Scotland)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCommunity CorrectionsOffender Treatment |
Author: Parkes, Tessa Title: Prison Health Needs Assessment for Alcohol Problems Summary: Alcohol problems are a major and growing public health problem in Scotland with the relationship between alcohol and crime, in particular violent crime, increasingly being recognised. The consequences affect individuals, their families, the health and emergency services, and wider society. The current policy context includes a strategic approach to enhancing the detection, early intervention, treatment and support for alcohol problems across Scotland, as well as efforts to reduce re-offending. This study is part of a wider Scottish Government funded alcohol research programme in criminal justice settings which also includes a pilot of the delivery of alcohol brief interventions and a scoping study of alcohol interventions in community justice settings. It is anticipated that the study findings will inform broader health service development such as the integration of prison health care into the NHS and the update of core alcohol treatment and support services. These developments are set within a policy and practice context which acknowledges alcohol problems in the population and increasingly so the alcohol problem in offenders, along with the importance of applying a person-centred, recovery orientated approach underpinned by the NHS commitment to quality of services. The aim of this study was to undertake a needs assessment of alcohol problems experienced by prisoners and provide recommendations for service improvement including a model of care. The central objectives were to: 1. Conduct a rapid review of the relevant literature on effective interventions for identifying and treating offenders with alcohol problems in prison. 2. Report on the epidemiology of alcohol problems experienced by prisoners in Scotland compared to the general population and other offenders. 3. Undertake an assessment of alcohol problems among offenders within an individual prison. 4. Map current models of care in the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) and how they interface with community care models, including assessing aspects of treatment continuity and finding examples of best practice. 5. In a case study setting, explore and report on attitudes towards the delivery and effectiveness of current alcohol interventions. 6. Conduct a gap analysis between current service provision, best practice, effective interventions and national care standards for substance misuse. Details: Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland, 2011. 199p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2011 at: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15105-Prison%20Health%20Needs%20Assessment%20for%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15105-Prison%20Health%20Needs%20Assessment%20for%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Shelf Number: 121076 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Scotland)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderOffender TreatmentPrison Health Care |
Author: Howard, Philip Title: Hazards of Different Types of Reoffending Summary: The study examined patterns of reoffending using combined Offender Assessment System (OASys) and Police National Computer (PNC) data. Reoffending patterns were studied in terms of their hazards: the chance of reoffending in a given time period if reoffending had not occurred in an earlier time period. The results demonstrated that the hazards for all types of reoffending were highest in the first few months following sentence/discharge, but some types of reoffending had a much more persistent hazard than others. The value of the OASys reoffending predictors in segmenting different types of reoffending according to risk was also demonstrated. The findings could be combined with existing literature on offender treatment to inform the delivery of interventions and supervision designed to reduce reoffending. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2011. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Ministry of Justice Research Series 3/11: Accessed May 10, 2011 at: http://www.ohrn.nhs.uk/resource/policy/Hazardsofreoffending.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ohrn.nhs.uk/resource/policy/Hazardsofreoffending.pdf Shelf Number: 121691 Keywords: Offender TreatmentRecidivismRehabilitationReoffending (U.K.) |
Author: Macklin, Anna Title: Working With Indigenous Offenders To End Violence Summary: Violence continues to be a significant challenge for Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand. Treatment programs for violent adult offenders have the potential to contribute significantly to reducing violent reoffending. This research brief examines literature from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom and reports on the effectiveness of programs aimed at reducing violent reoffending. It specifically reports on the evidence concerning the development of culturally specific violent offender programs. The brief is intended to contribute to Objective 2.4 of the Australian National Indigenous Law and Justice Framework, reducing Indigenous recidivism rates. Details: Sydney: Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse, 2011. 8p. Source: Internet Resoruce: Brief 11: Accessed July 7, 2011 at: http://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/briefs/brief011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/briefs/brief011.pdf Shelf Number: 122001 Keywords: Indigenous Peoples (Australia)Offender TreatmentRecidivismViolent Crime |
Author: Iowa Department of Human Rights, Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning,Statistical Analysis Center Title: Process and Outcome Evaluation of the Iowa First Judicial District Department of Correctional Services Dual Diagnosis Offender Program (DDOP) Summary: This study consists of a process and outcome evaluation of the First Judicial District’s Dual Diagnosis Offender Program (DDOP). The study was supported by Byrne funds through the Iowa Office of Drug Control Policy, which provided partial support for DDOP operation. The purposes of the study were to: explain the context of the program, its history and funding sources; depict the program staff; describe the program and activities; portray the beneficiaries of the program and describe who completes it; describe changes to the program; and assess participants and a comparison group on measures such as recidivism, substance abuse relapse, and justice system costs. Program The Dual Diagnosis Offender Program (DDOP) is delivered by the First District Department of Correctional Services. The residential portion is housed at the Waterloo Residential Correctional Facility and consists of a 16–bed unit for male offenders. The program began in 1998 and was created to fill a void in services for criminally-involved dual-diagnosed individuals. The goal of DDOP is to divert clients from incarceration and crime and enhance coordination of criminal justice and mental health services for the target population. The program provides integrated substance abuse and mental health group and individual treatment, which empirical research has identified as being an effective treatment model. The program also incorporates other elements that have been identified in the literature as being effective for dually-diagnosed offenders. Staff DDOP staff had varying educational and professional backgrounds and years of experience, a reflection of a program with a multidisciplinary team. Most staff had at least a Bachelor’s degree and professional background in human services or counseling with roughly half being with DDOP for up to five years. Program Clients Between January 1, 2001 and September 30, 2007, 236 males were admitted to the DDOP. Offenders were court ordered into the program for a minimum of six months and a maximum of one year. Participants spent an average of about five months in the residential program, with about 60% completing the residential program. The average participant at entry was 32 years old, white (71.6%), unmarried (86.0%) and had a GED or high school diploma (61.4%). Most had a prior prison admission (56.8%) and were under supervision for a felony (73.3%). Over one-third reported poly-drug usage (35.2%). Among the 73.3% of participants for whom data on chronic mental illnesses were available, 78% had a serious mental illness. The average score on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) was 37.3, in the moderate/high risk category, with relatively high average sub-scores on alcohol/drugs (6.0 out of 9) and emotional/personal (4.5 out of 5) indicators. DDOP Study Group The DDOP study group included all offenders who started the program after January 1, 2001 and were discharged by September 30, 2005 (n= 144). The matched “comparison group” was comprised of individuals who entered community supervision between January 1, 2001 and December 30, 2005 (n=106). While there were some differences in characteristics between the study and comparison groups, they were sufficiently similar to permit valid comparisons. Outcomes The DDOP study group and comparison group were tracked for the three years following their entry to DDOP or community supervision. Outcome measures included recidivism and substance abuse relapse. Justice system costs were also tracked for a three year time period for the groups. Generally, on recidivism measures, the DDOP study group completers had outcomes similar to the comparison group, while non-completers fared worse. 70.9% of the completers and 73.6% of the comparison group had a new conviction compared to 86.2% of the non-completers. 19.8% of the completers and 17.9% of the comparison group had a new felony compared to 37.9% of the non-completers. 48.8% of the completers and 42.5% of the comparison group returned to prison compared to 98.3% of the non-completers. On relapse measures, the DDOP study group completers and non-completers showed similar outcomes, while the comparison group fared worse. Half of the completers and 41.1% of the non-completers had a positive drug test, compared to 64.7% of the comparison group. 18.6% of the completers and 17.2% of the non-completers had a new drug conviction, compared to 25.5% of the comparison group. 62.8% of the completers and 55.2% of the non-completers had a positive drug test or a new drug or alcohol conviction, compared to 71.7% of the comparison group. In terms of justice systems costs, DDOP non-completers had the highest three-year supervision costs, followed by DDOP completers. Longer-term study is necessary to determine the true financial impact of the program. Race Outcomes suggested that white and non-white DDOP participants benefitted equally from the program. This is noteworthy because non-whites tend to have higher rates of failure than whites in most correctional programming. There were considerable differences in outcome measures between non-white DDOP clients and their comparison group counterparts. Details: Des Moines, IA: Iowa Department of Human Rights, 2011. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 10, 2012 at: http://www.humanrights.iowa.gov/cjjp/images/pdf/DualDiagnosisOffenderProgram.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.humanrights.iowa.gov/cjjp/images/pdf/DualDiagnosisOffenderProgram.pdf Shelf Number: 123536 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationCorrectional ProgramsDrug Offenders (Iowa)Mentally Ill OffendersOffender TreatmentRecidivism |
Author: Carns, Theresa White Title: Recidivism in Alaska’s Therapeutic Courts for Addictions and Department of Corrections Institutional Substance Abuse Programs Summary: The Judicial Council and ISER evaluated two programs for offenders with substance abuse problems: Alaska’s therapeutic courts and Department of Corrections institutional programs for incarcerated offenders. Based on the information available, the study found that the programs were promising, especially for those who completed them. This report also identifies ways to improve data collection. Suggestions for improved data collection and sharing • Agencies should improve their internal methods of data collection. Data should be entered electronically to the extent possible, in a consistent format. Agencies should collect additional data, such as information about substance abuse problems, mental health issues and socioeconomic status, all of which have been shown to be related to recidivism. • Agencies should work together to find efficient ways to reduce the burdens of collecting data, and to share data about offenders and programs. To match individuals so that agencies can share data accurately and efficiently, all agencies should begin to enter the APSIN ID number for each offender as soon as possible. • Agencies should work with treatment providers and others to assure that they meet the same high standards for data quality that the agencies set for in-house data collection. Agency staff responsible for contracted programs should assist management of the programs by providing clear descriptions of the data expected, and by frequent review of program reports. Findings about therapeutic court programs • Any participation by felons in a therapeutic court program appeared to be beneficial; all participants had lower rearrest and reconviction rates than comparison offenders. Graduates benefitted the most. The rearrest rate for felon graduates was about one-third lower than the comparison group, and the reconviction rate was about one-half that of the comparison offenders. • Misdemeanant success depended on graduation. The rearrest and reconviction rates for graduates were about one-third lower than those of the comparison offenders. Non-graduate misdemeanants had substantially higher rearrest and reconviction rates than comparison offenders, but the rearrest and reconviction rates for graduates and non-graduates combined were about the same as the rates for the comparison offenders. Findings about DOC institutional substance abuse programs • DOC institutional substance abuse treatment programs were most effective for those who completed them. Felons were 50% more likely to complete a program than misdemeanants, probably because it was less likely they would be transferred or released prior to completion. • Misdemeanor offenders who completed programs had the most success; their rearrest rate was about one-third lower than the comparison group and their reconviction rate was a little more than one-half that of the comparison group. Details: Anchorage: Alaska Judicial Council, 2012. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 18, 2013 at: http://www.ajc.state.ak.us/reports/2012programrecid.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.ajc.state.ak.us/reports/2012programrecid.pdf Shelf Number: 129019 Keywords: Correctional Treatment ProgramsDrug Offender TreatmentDrug OffendersOffender TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment Programs (Alaska) |
Author: Mosher, Clayton C. Title: Final Report on the Program Evaluation of the Pine Lodge Pre-release Residential Therapeutic Community for Women Offenders in Washington State Summary: This research report describes the purpose, methods, results, and implications of an evaluation of the Pine Lodge Pre-Release Therapeutic Community for Women Offenders in Washington State. Funded by the National Institute of Justice as part of its research initiative for local evaluations of prison-based residential substance abuse treatment programs, this evaluation focuses on: (1) factors that affect successful completion of the program; and (2) outcomes, i.e., recidivism, for Pine Lodge participants as compared with a matched control group. Our approach was to supplement primary, qualitative data derived from extensive on-site observations with secondary, quantitative data culled from periodic reports from the facility and the Washington State Department of Corrections. In that regard, this evaluation not only represents a departure from, but also is unique among, evaluations of therapeutic communities reported in the professional literature. We are able to describe (what we believe to be) important insights into the external pressures on the Pine Lodge therapeutic community, the internal dynamics and daily rhythms of the program, and the specific challenges faced by both inmates and staff in the program-insights that are not forthcoming from a reading of secondary program data alone. The operative word in our evaluation study is "change." Despite impressions from the extant literature that prison treatment programs in general, and therapeutic communities in particular, are static entities, our research indicates that they are highly dynamic and ever-changing. In ways both substantive and semantic, the Pine Lodge Pre-Release substance abuse treatment program was not the same entity from the beginning of our study in 1997 to its conclusion in the Summer of 2001. While the therapeutic community experienced "growing pains" in its first few years of operation that led to comparatively low completion rates, recent changes to the program are having a positive impact on completion. Further, women who participated in the Pine Lodge program, when compared with a matched control group, are less likely to be convicted of a new offense upon release. Most important, women who successfully completed the treatment program are the least likely to be convicted of a new offense after release. Overall, "New Horizons" is a prison-based residential substance abuse treatment program that is: Jadmitting, reaching, and servicing its targeted population; conforming to widely-accepted principles of chemical dependency therapy; being delivered by well-trained, highly dedicated professionals; operating at an .appropriate capacity with an effective client-staff ratio; exhibiting the essential characteristics of a therapeutic community; graduating reasonable numbers of participants; and exerting a long-term, positive influence on offenders who complete the program. Specific highlights of our findings, inferences, and recommendations regarding the Pine Lodge "New Horizons" program are itemized. Details: Pullman, WA: Washington State University, 2001. 132p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 31, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/196670.pdf Year: 2001 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/196670.pdf Shelf Number: 131822 Keywords: Drug Abuse TreatmentDrug OffendersFemale OffendersOffender TreatmentPrisonersSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: Usher, Amelia Title: The Effectiveness of Correctional Programs with Diverse Offenders: A Meta-Analytic Study Summary: Correctional populations in most countries today are composed of a heterogeneous group representing offenders from varying ethnic and racial backgrounds. Correctional constituencies therefore have an interest in determining if interventions are effective in reducing criminal recidivism for a diverse group of individuals. Canada's federal offender population increasingly represents a broad range of ethnic and cultural groups. The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is responsible for providing effective correctional programming for all offenders requiring it. Traditionally, most research on correctional interventions has not disaggregated outcomes for the various ethnic groups participating in these programs. Some critics have suggested that the current correctional model may not be appropriate for all ethnic groups. There is evidence to suggest from individual studies, however, that cognitive-behavioural approaches, which form the basis of CSC's correctional programming, are appropriate for individuals from a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The present study seeks to examine the effectiveness of CSC's correctional model for offenders of diverse ethnic backgrounds by using meta-analysis. The study will also estimate the base rates of reoffending for the various groups attending programming and their comparison groups. To investigate this issue, a search was undertaken of all previous outcome research on CSC correctional programs. Studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis if they investigated cognitive-behavioural correctional interventions, included federal offenders from a wide range of ethnic groups, used readmission to custody as an outcome measure, and employed a control group methodological design. Participants were grouped according to four different ethnic backgrounds: Aboriginal, Black, Caucasian, and Other. Overall mean effect sizes were calculated for each group using the odds ratio. Overall, it was found that all ethnic groups showed decreased likelihood of readmission after participating in correctional programming. Odds ratios ranged from 1.36 to 1.76. For example, Aboriginal offenders who participated in correctional programming had odds of success that were 1.45 times greater than Aboriginal offenders who did not participate in programming. Base rates of readmissions to custody were also calculated. The highest rates of readmission were found for Aboriginal offenders, followed by Caucasian, Black and Other offenders. Results of this study indicate that CSC's correctional programs are effective across a broad range of ethnic groups. Offenders who participate in programming are less likely to return to custody than offenders who do not participate in programs, regardless of ethnic background. While the cognitive-behavioural treatment model appears to be effective in addressing criminal recidivism for offenders with diverse cultural backgrounds, the results do not preclude attending to responsivity issues related to culture within the treatment model. Offender ethnicity and culture remain important responsivity factors in effective correctional programming. Details: Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2011. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: 2011 No. R-246: Accessed March 31, 2014 at: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/cn21448-eng.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/cn21448-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 132033 Keywords: AboriginalsCognitive-Behavioral TreatmentEthnic GroupsInmatesOffender TreatmentRecidivism |
Author: Stewart, Lynn A. Title: Profile and Programming Needs of Federal Offenders with Histories of Intimate Partner Violences Summary: Previous research has indicated that prevalence rates for domestic violence (DV) are high among offender populations. An up-to-date profile of this population in the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is required to determine the treatment needs of offenders with this history. What we did A sample of 15,166 offenders was drawn from those currently under custody who had a suspected history of domestic violence based on the Family Violence Risk Assessment (FVRA) screening process. We also obtained a sample of 6,144 domestic violence offenders identified as moderate to high risk since 2002 on the Spousal Assault Risk Assessments (SARA) who were compared to offenders without a history of DV during the same time period. Further analyses compared high and moderate risk DV offenders and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal DV offenders. What we found Forty percent of offenders currently under CSC supervision have a suspected history of DV. Of these, 45% were rated as either moderate or high risk on the SARA, providing an estimate of at least 18% of the CSC population with a confirmed history of DV. The population of federal offenders assessed as moderate or high risk on the SARA indicated that DV offenders scored higher on criminal history risk ratings, had more learning disabilities and mental health problems, and were rated as higher need than non-DV offenders. DV offenders had extensive and varied offence histories with 79% having had at least one other violent offence and 18% had a sexual offence. Aboriginal offenders were over-represented among the DV perpetrators with 57% having a suspected history and 30% a confirmed history. Aboriginal DV offenders generally had higher criminal risk ratings and higher need ratings than non-Aboriginal DV offenders; in particular, they had more substantial histories of alcohol abuse indicating that interventions for Aboriginal offenders with DV must include treatment for substance abuse. The rate of DV among Inuit offenders is particularly high with over 48% having a confirmed history. When the DV group was assessed against the current program referral criteria, 40% meet the criteria for a violence prevention program, over 37% meet the criteria for a substance abuse program, and 22% meet the criteria for a sex offender program. Of concern are results that indicate that almost half (47%) of confirmed DV offenders would not qualify for participating in a family violence prevention program unless over-ride provisions are invoked. What it means Domestic violence offenders in CSC present with multiple criminogenic and mental health needs but are unique in the extent to which they have needs in the family and marital domain. Current referral guidelines mean that 47% of these offenders no longer qualify to attend a DV program to address this area and would not be treated for this offence pattern. Details: Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2012. 29p. To obtain a PDF version of the full report, contact the following address: research@csc-scc.gc.ca Source: Internet Resource: Research Report R-265: Accessed April 28, 2014 at: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/005/008/092/005008-0265-eng.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/005/008/092/005008-0265-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 132185 Keywords: Domestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceOffender Treatment |
Author: Burgess, Cheryl Title: Women in Focus: An Evaluation Summary: Women in Focus was introduced in South West Scotland as a partnership between Criminal Justice Social Work Services and Barnardo's, aimed at supporting women on court orders to complete these orders and to avoid custody through breach. Support workers from Barnardo's were located in criminal justice social work offices, and using a mentoring-style approach, Women in Focus provided support for women to meet the requirements of court orders and to access community resources aimed at supporting them in the longer-term. The development and operation of Women in Focus resulted from the concerns that many practitioners, policy-makers and others have expressed in relation to the increasing imprisonment of women in Scotland (and internationally). The report sets out the mentoring approach introduced and examines issues arising from the implementation and operation of the service. The report also attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the service in terms of increased community re/integration and reductions in breach and reoffending. However, innovative attempts, while making a significant difference to the individual women who are able to access them, are introduced and required to operate within, a wider social, political and economic context that can influence how services operate (i.e. short-term funding imposes its own constraints) and how 'effective' these innovative services can be seen to be. Details: Stirling: Scottish Centre for Crime & Justice Research, 2011. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2014 at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Women_in_Focus_FINAL_REPORT.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Women_in_Focus_FINAL_REPORT.pdf Shelf Number: 133389 Keywords: Community ServicesFemale Offenders (Scotland)MentoringOffender RehabilitationOffender TreatmentRecidivism |
Author: Hudson, Kirsty Title: Evaluation of the 'Going Straight Contract' Pilot Project. Final Report Summary: The Going Straight Contract was first mentioned in the Social Exclusion Unit's report - Reducing Re Offending by Ex-Prisoners (2002:7). In line with recent developments in the management of offenders (NOMS 2005), the report stipulated that prisoners who engaged with the Going Straight Project should be given the opportunity to obtain direct access to services to address their needs both in and out of custody, as well as being offered continued contact with project staff after release. In response to the Social Exclusion Unit's recommendations, the Home Office produced the 'Reducing Re-Offending National Action Plan' (July 2004) setting out a clear plan for delivery, including action points for implementation of a 'Going Straight' Pilot Project. A sub-regional GSC Pilot Project was thus developed by South West Integration (SWing), in partnership with the Home Office and Her Majesties Prison and Young Offender Institution Guys Marsh (HMP & YOI Guys Marsh), in an attempt to utilise and test this 'end to end' resettlement strategy. This report presents an evaluation of the Going Straight Contract, in which a total of 168 prisoners took part. Structure of the report The report is structured as follows. The remainder of this chapter provides a descriptive overview of the organisational structure of the GSC and the arrangements that surrounded its implementation within HMP & YOI Guys Marsh. It also sets out the methodology used to evaluate the pilot project. Chapter 2 presents findings that relate to how successfully the GSC was integrated within the prison as a whole. First, attention is paid to attempts to integrate the ideals surrounding the Going Straight Contract across the prison as a whole, through changes in the induction process and the use of motivational training, and then ways in which the Pilot Project itself was integrated into the prison, for example, through the incorporation of the personal Officer Scheme. Chapter 3 then presents a profile of the type of prisoners who engaged with the GSC Pilot Project. Details presented include their age and ethnicity, offending behaviour, initial CRIME-PICS II assessment scores, and their problems and needs, as measured by the South West - Offender Management Record (SWOMR - these research tools will be discussed in more detail later in this chapter). Chapter 4 looks at the role of offender management as tasked by the project's Intensive Support Worker (ISW). This chapter also explores how successful the ISW was at linking up with other agencies working in the area of resettlement both in custody and in the community. In doing so it provides further evidence of how well the Project was integrated within the rest of the prison and within the local community. Unlike in chapter two, particular attention will be on the different agencies working relations with the pilot and their perceived advantages of the pilot for offenders. Chapter 5, by an analysis of interviews with prisoners , then focuses on the offenders' views of the pilot as a whole. Chapter 6 presents findings relating to the impact and outcomes of the pilot. This includes levels of continuity of service (as already discussed in chapter 4), as well as changes in crime related attitudes and self assessed problems as measured by the CRIME-PICS II instrument, and changes in employment and accommodation status following intervention by the GSC Pilot Project, as measured by the SW-OMR. Finally, chapter 7 draws together the main research findings from the study and offers some broad conclusions. It also provides recommendations in relation to the future delivery of the national offender management model (NOMM) that could eventually be absorbed (without major upheaval) into the NOMS system. Details: Cardiff: Cardiff University, 2007. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 17, 2014 at: http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/resources/GSC.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/resources/GSC.pdf Shelf Number: 133736 Keywords: Offender Management (U.K.)Offender TreatmentPrisoner ReentryProbation SupervisionProbationersRe-OffendingRecidivism |
Author: Bickle, Gayle Title: What Works? General Principles, Characteristics, and Examples of Effective Programs Summary: Currently, the ODRC and other departments of corrections around the nation are adopting the Reentry approach to offender treatment, which focuses on criminal justice programming and practices that promote criminal desistance (turning away from crime), family and community reintegration, and public safety. This holistic rehabilitative approach arose at a time when prison populations were soaring and researchers were identifying the characteristics of effective programs based on the research evidence (in other words, "evidence-based programming"). The purpose of this paper is to identify the major characteristics of effective offender programming as found in the research literature and provide a description of programs that work. The hope is that this document can assist administrative and treatment staff in the design and implementation of effective offender programming. The paper begins with a brief historical picture of the research that led to current efforts to identify effective programs and their characteristics. Then, a review of the characteristics of effective programs is provided. Finally, ineffective programming is briefly discussed, and evidence-based programs are identified for the major areas of criminogenic needs, which are "dynamic risk factors [for criminal behavior] that when reduced are followed by reduced reoffending and/or protective factors that when enhanced are followed by reduced reoffending." Details: Columbus, OH: Ohio Dept. of Rehabilitation and Correction. Bureau of Research and Evaluation, 2010. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2015 at: http://www.drc.ohio.gov/web/Reports/Effective%20programs.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.drc.ohio.gov/web/Reports/Effective%20programs.pdf Shelf Number: 135452 Keywords: Evidence-Based PracticesOffender TreatmentTreatment Programs |
Author: Sarver, Christian M. Title: Utah Cost of Crime. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Adults): Technical Report Summary: Increasingly, research indicates that criminal sanctions alone are not an effective means for preventing reoffending (Andrews et al., 1990; Bonta, 2001). Treatment modalities, however, are differentially effective with criminal justice populations (Lipton, Martinson, & Wilks, 1975; MacKenzie, 2006; Pearson, Lipton, Cleland, & Lee, 2002). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as the primary intervention used within correctional settings to change criminal behaviors (Milkman & Wanberg, 2007). CBT combines elements from behavior modification and cognitive restructuring theories. When used with offender populations, interventions most commonly target criminal thinking patterns, problem-solving behaviors, and coping skills (MacKenzie, 2006). Within the criminal justice system, CBT has been adapted for a variety of settings and populations: secure- and community-based; adults and juveniles; general, violent, sex, and substance-using offenders; and group and individual formats (Wilson, Bouffard, & MacKenzie, 2005). Treatments are highly structured and can be facilitated by licensed mental health professionals as well as non-clinical staff (Milkman & Wanberg, 2007). While CBT encompasses a heterogeneous set of interventions, six "brand-name" programs were specifically designed for use with offenders: Aggression Replacement Training (ART), Cognitive Interventions Program (CIP), Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT), Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT), Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program (R&R), and Thinking for a Change (T4C). All six programs are manualized and specify treatment targets that have been empirically demonstrated to be related to criminal thinking patterns and behaviors. Details: Salt Lake City: Utah Criminal Justice Center, University of Utah, 2012. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2016 at: Utah Cost of CrimeCognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult Offenders:Technical Report Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: Utah Cost of CrimeCognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult Offenders:Technical Report Shelf Number: 139124 Keywords: Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyCorrectional ProgramsOffender TreatmentTreatment Programs |
Author: Halstead, Imogen Title: Does the Custody-based Intensive Treatment (CUBIT) program for sex offenders reduce re-offending? Summary: Aim: To investigate whether completing the Custody-based Intensive Treatment (CUBIT) program for moderate to high risk/needs sex offenders reduces re-offending. Method: The study sample includes 386 male offenders identified by custodial staff as suitable for participation in CUBIT who were released from NSW custody during the period 2000 to 2010. An Instrumental Variables (IV) approach is adopted to control for potential unobservable selection bias in treatment outcomes (a key concern in the treatment effects literature), with the CUBIT completion rate amongst commencements around the time of an offender's own potential participation in CUBIT employed as the preferred IV. This method is statistically inefficient, and has limited power to assess the impact of treatment on sex re-offending (which is relatively rare) specifically. As such, three separate two-stage least squares models (including a range of control variables) are used to estimate the impact of completing CUBIT on whether or not an offender will re-offend with a sex, violent, or general offence, respectively, within five years of free time following their release from custody. Results: Within five years free time following release from custody 12 per cent of offenders who completed CUBIT committed a proven sex offence, 27 per cent re-offended with a new violent offence and 41 per cent committed a proven offence of any type. Multivariate models controlling for a range of important observable risk factors found that CUBIT completers had, on average, a 5-year general recidivism risk that was 13 percentage points lower than a similar cohort of offenders suitable for CUBIT but who did not participate. No significant differences between the treated and untreated groups were found for violent or sex re-offending. Conclusion: There is some evidence to suggest that completing CUBIT results in a considerable reduction in general recidivism risk. No evidence is found to suggest that CUBIT completion reduces sexual or violent re-offending. However, it is difficult to draw any conclusion from the null results, since the power of the statistical methods employed to detect a treatment impact in this study is limited given the relatively small sample size. Details: Sydney, NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2016. 24p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, No. 193: Accessed August 30, 2016 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2016-Custody-based-Intensive-Treatment-%28CUBIT%29-program-cjb193.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2016-Custody-based-Intensive-Treatment-%28CUBIT%29-program-cjb193.pdf Shelf Number: 140087 Keywords: Offender TreatmentRe-offendingRecidivismSex Offenders |
Author: Yesberg, Julia Title: Exploring Mechanisms of Change in the Rehabilitation of High-Risk Offenders Summary: The success or failure of many different types of treatment is often measured by one type of outcome. For example, treatment for substance abuse might be judged to have failed if a patient "goes on a bender" some time after completing the programme. The same is true for offender rehabilitation. Treatment success or failure is usually determined by whether or not an offender is reconvicted of a new offence in a specified follow-up period. We know from the literature that offender rehabilitation can have modest but significant effects on reducing recidivism. Yet we know little about what brings about these reductions (i.e., how the treatment worked). This thesis explores possible mechanisms of change in offender rehabilitation. I propose that although a reduction in recidivism is an important long-term outcome of treatment, there are a number of additional outcomes that have the potential to explain not only if but how treatment works and why it is unsuccessful in leading to a reduction in reoffending for some offenders. Study 1 is a typical outcome evaluation of New Zealand's rehabilitation programmes for high-risk male offenders: the High Risk Special Treatment Units (HRSTUs). I compared the recidivism rates of a sample of HRSTU completers with a comparison sample of high-risk offenders who had not completed the programme (a between-subjects design). I found that relative to the comparison group, treatment completers had significantly lower rates of four different indices of recidivism, varying in severity. The remainder of the thesis explored possible mechanisms of change within the HRSTU sample (a within-subjects design). Study 2 examined immediate outcomes of treatment, which I defined as within-treatment change on dynamic risk factors. I found that offenders made significant change on the Violence Risk Scale during treatment, but there was no significant relationship between treatment change and recidivism. Studies 3 and 4 examined intermediate outcomes of treatment, which I defined as barriers (risk factors) and facilitators (protective factors) that influence the process of offender re-entry. Study 3 validated an instrument designed to measure these factors: the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR). I found that the tool had good convergent validity and reliably predicted recidivism above a static risk estimate. Study 4 used the newly validated DRAOR to test an explanation for the lack of a direct relationship between treatment change and recidivism. I tested whether treatment change had an indirect relationship with recidivism through its influence on the re-entry process. I found that treatment change was related to a number of re-entry outcomes; however, only two models could be tested for mediation because the re-entry outcomes themselves lacked predictive ability. Nevertheless, findings from Study 4 suggest the re-entry process is an area worthy of further investigation. Taken together, the findings from this thesis highlight the importance of considering alternative treatment outcomes in addition to whether or not a programme leads to a reduction in long-term recidivism outcomes. Answering the question of how treatment works requires an exploration into possible mechanisms of change. This thesis was only a preliminary investigation into such mechanisms; however, the findings have both practical and theoretical implications for the way we conceptualise how treatment programmes work. Developing a greater understanding of mechanisms of change in offender rehabilitation has the potential to lead to the design and delivery of more effective programmes Details: Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington, 2015. 229p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 17, 2018 at: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/4300/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand URL: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/4300/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 Shelf Number: 150253 Keywords: Offender ReentryOffender RehabilitationOffender TreatmentTreatment Programs |
Author: Shingler, Jo Title: The effectiveness of rehabilitative services for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people: a rapid evidence assessment Summary: To provide effective criminal justice services that respect diversity, it is vital to establish what evidence exists about how to achieve the best outcomes for people in prison or on probation, who are Black, Asian or Minority Ethnic (BAME). A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was conducted to explore the research evidence looking at the effectiveness of rehabilitative correctional interventions in reducing reoffending or substance misuse, among BAME people. In addition, the review also considered those factors that affect how people in these groups respond to these interventions, in custodial or community correctional settings. A previous internal literature review carried out by HM Prison and Probation Service (unpublished, 2012) revealed a lack of empirical evidence about the efficacy of rehabilitative interventions aimed at reducing reoffending, for people who are BAME. This REA updates that review, and expands its scope to explore the wider research literature on factors impacting BAME individuals' response to rehabilitative programmes aimed at reducing reoffending. REA methodology was employed to search a range of databases. The review focused on a range of populations both in prison and in the community. The target population included men, women, young adults (including those under the age of 18) and populations of any ethnic background or grouping. It is important to note that defining BAME in this way results in a large, indiscriminate and heterogeneous group, which makes it challenging to draw any meaningful conclusions about improving the responsivity of correctional programming. However, it was necessary to include the diverse population range given the lack of evidence about specific populations, and this highlights the need for much more and better quality research to achieve a more nuanced understanding of what works, with whom and under what conditions. Given the dearth of relevant and high-quality research into the effectiveness of rehabilitative correctional interventions among BAME people, this review included international literature, published in English. Comparability and generalisability of any non-UK studies was carefully considered and presented within the findings of the review. The search process yielded 3,101 studies, of which only 11 were of sufficient relevance and methodological rigour for inclusion. The type and quality of research design was varied. Of the 7 quantitative studies: 1 was a meta-analysis of high quality studies that used control and/or comparison group designs; 4 were randomised control trials; and 2 were studies that compared people from different ethnic groups on factors predicting different responses to treatment (treatment attrition and resistance to treatment). Four studies were qualitative in nature. Five studies were conducted in the UK and 6 were carried out in North America or Canada. The REA indicates there is still insufficient evidence relevant to understanding how to improve outcomes for individuals from a BAME background. However, the research reviewed points to some tentative but promising approaches for increasing the responsivity of correctional programmes to people who are BAME. First, the evidence suggests that the content of 'standard' correctional programmes can be experienced as relevant to BAME participants, and that BAME participants can benefit from such programmes. However, some studies suggest that treatment that is: culturally aware, sensitive and inclusive; that is delivered by culturally aware and sensitive staff; and delivered by staff from similar ethnic backgrounds to their clients is preferred, and is more likely to reduce the chances that potential BAME participants will experience any fear or resistance associated with feeling isolated or misunderstood. Second, there are some barriers to effective treatment for BAME clients that may interfere with them starting, completing or engaging in treatment. Such barriers could include experiences or fear of racism or discrimination, and the perception and possible reality that the intervention will not be culturally relevant. There is early evidence that a strong sense of cultural identity and pride is associated with greater reductions in substance misuse among juveniles. Explicitly recognising and encouraging cultural identity could be a promising approach to facilitating greater responsivity of correctional programmes for people who are BAME. The research is in its infancy, and further work is required to understand and draw firm conclusions about how to improve participation and engagement in, and retention and reoffending outcomes, of BAME individuals in prison and on probation. However, the research reviewed points to some promising approaches which could help achieve this aim: Efforts could be made to make correctional interventions more relevant to BAME groups. Work is needed to increase the number of BAME clients taking up interventions; increase the number of BAME staff members working within interventions; ensure treatment materials are relevant to BAME groups; and doing more to actively engage with and respect cultural experiences and differences. BAME clients need to be facilitated to express their cultural identity free from fear of being stereotyped or discriminated against. Results from the REA indicate that the idea that therapy, or 'treatment', is a predominantly white construct, in some cases with no cultural equivalent. The lack of understanding, recognition or acceptance of this amongst some cultural groups suggests further work is needed. This may usefully include engaging with and raising awareness among some BAME participants and their families about notions of treatment. Future research should aim to evaluate treatment effectiveness on large sub-groups of minority ethnic participants in both custodial and community settings. Alongside this, additional larger scale research to increase understanding about the barriers to interventions for BAME individuals in prison and on probation is necessary, in order to learn how to make correctional interventions more responsive and appealing to individuals from different ethnic groups. Details: London: HM Prison & Probation Service, 2018. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: Ministry of Justice Analytical Series: Accessed July 10, 2018 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/721977/_the-effectiveness-of-rehabilitative-services-for-BAME.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/721977/_the-effectiveness-of-rehabilitative-services-for-BAME.pdf Shelf Number: 150795 Keywords: Correctional ProgramsEthnic MinoritiesOffender RehabilitationOffender Treatment |