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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for parenting
40 results foundAuthor: Fitzgerald, Robin Title: Parenting, School Contexts and Violent Delinquency Summary: This study examines the relationship between parental monitoring and youth violent delinquency in Canada, as well as the extent to which this relationship may be influenced by the school context. Findings support the hypothesis that the negative influence of low parental monitoring is magnified when youth are also exposed to a pool of delinquent peers, and further suggests that the effectiveness of particular parenting strategies may vary depending on the environments to which youth are exposed. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2010. 17p. Source: Crime and Justice Research Paper Series Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 116296 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersParentingPeer InfluenceSchool Environment |
Author: McGee, Tara Renae Title: Antisocial Behaviour: An Examination of Individual, Family, and Neighbourhood Factors Summary: The present research is the first of its kind in Australia to simultaneously examine individual, family and neighbourhood predictors of adolescent antisocial behaviour. The study draws on two key data sources-Australian Bureau of Statistics census data and the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). The MUSP is a prospective longitudinal study of mothers and their children in Brisbane, Australia; the current project draws on data from birth through to adolescence (age 14 years). The study found that less than one percent of variation in antisocial behaviour was attributable to the statistical local area (SLA). Subsequent models of both SLA-level variables (neighbourhood disadvantage, immigration concentration and residential mobility) and individual and familial variables, showed that the strongest predictors of adolescent antisocial behaviour are those which measure disruptions in parenting processes, poor school performance and early childhood aggression. The findings suggest that programs that aim to enhance parenting practices, including improving communication, supervision and monitoring of children, are important in reducing adolescent antisocial behaviour. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 410: Accessed February 28, 2011 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/6/5/%7BF6506CB0-7D65-4EB9-B1A7-06FD80748B1C%7Dtandi410.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/6/5/%7BF6506CB0-7D65-4EB9-B1A7-06FD80748B1C%7Dtandi410.pdf Shelf Number: 120878 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorDelinquency PreventionParenting |
Author: Schnupp, Rebecca J. Title: Adolescent Deviance within Families and Neighborhoods Summary: Much of the research on delinquency has focused on the role that either families or neighborhoods play in the development of criminal behavior. While both of these theoretical traditions have received much empirical support, it is argued that individuals are simultaneously affected by each of these contexts either directly or indirectly (Gephart, 1997). Further, these contexts interact with each other and the individual to produce behavioral outcomes (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, 1986, 1988). A more adequate portrayal for why individuals engage in delinquency, therefore, should not only examine the effects of one context but also how these different contexts function together to either facilitate or impede antisocial behaviors. The primary propose of this dissertation is to try to ascertain if the effects of the more proximal context to the child, the family, is moderated by the more distal context, the neighborhood. Specifically, are the positive effects of “good” parenting found in both “good” and “bad” neighborhoods? Or does the neighborhood a family resides in alter the effects of “good” parenting? Using structural equation modeling, this dissertation will explore the moderating effects of neighborhood factors in the relationship between parenting and antisocial behavior while also considering the individual characteristics of the child. These relationships will be assessed using waves one and two of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH). The results of this study revealed that although the direct effects of parenting and neighborhood factors are weak, residential instability moderates the effects of parenting. This association remained after considering the reciprocal nature of the relationship between parenting and child’s disposition. The implications of these findings, as they pertain to the current practice of studying contexts in isolation from one another, will be discussed. Details: Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, Division of Research and Advanced Studies, 2010. 177p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 14, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1285687987 Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1285687987 Shelf Number: 120999 Keywords: Juvenile DelinquencyJuvenile OffendersNeighborhoods and CrimeParenting |
Author: Knerr, Wendy Title: Parenting and the Prevention of Child Maltreatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Interventions and a Discussion of Prevention of the Risks of Future Violent Behaviour Among Boys Summary: This review aims to answer the following question: Are parenting interventions in low- and middle-income countries effective at reducing harsh and abusive parenting, increasing positive parenting behaviours, improving parent–child relationships or reducing child conduct problems? It will provide an overview of the broad issue of child abuse and neglect and the types of parent- or primary carer-focused interventions which either explicitly or implicitly aim to prevent them. It will include conclusions from high-quality systematic reviews of reviews of interventions from high-income countries; information about interventions with a strong evidence base in high-income countries, which have been implemented but not rigorously trialed in low- or middle-income countries; and discussion about the ‘active ingredients’ of evidence-based parenting interventions that have been shown to prevent or reduce abuse and neglect. In addition the review will analyse and discuss issues related to effective cultural adaptation of parenting interventions from one setting or population to another, and will also include a brief case study of an intervention from a middle- or low-income country, or an intervention with a strong evidence base from a high-income country which has been implemented but not trialed in a low- or middle-income country. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Sexual Violence Research Institute, South African Medical Research Council, 2011. 72p, Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 1, 2011 at: http://www.svri.org/parenting.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Africa URL: http://www.svri.org/parenting.pdf Shelf Number: 122235 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectChild MaltreatmentParenting |
Author: McCloskey, Laura A. Title: A Systematic Review of Parenting Interventions To Prevent Child Abuse Tested with RCT Designs in High Income Countries Summary: This review aims to answer the following question: Are parenting interventions in low- and middle-income countries effective at reducing harsh and abusive parenting, increasing positive parenting behaviours, improving parent–child relationships or reducing child conduct problems? It will provide an overview of the broad issue of child abuse and neglect and the types of parent- or primary carer-focused interventions which either explicitly or implicitly aim to prevent them. It will include conclusions from high-quality systematic reviews of reviews of interventions from high-income countries; information about interventions with a strong evidence base in high-income countries, which have been implemented but not rigorously trialed in low- or middle-income countries; and discussion about the ‘active ingredients’ of evidence-based parenting interventions that have been shown to prevent or reduce abuse and neglect. In addition the review will analyse and discuss issues related to effective cultural adaptation of parenting interventions from one setting or population to another, and will also include a brief case study of an intervention from a middle- or low-income country, or an intervention with a strong evidence base from a high-income country which has been implemented but not trialed in a low- or middle-income country. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Sexual Violence Research Initiative, 2011. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 6, 2011 at: http://www.svri.org/systematicreviewParent.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.svri.org/systematicreviewParent.pdf Shelf Number: 122998 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectChild MaltreatmentChild ProtectionParentingSocioeconomic Status |
Author: Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. Title: Fathers and Youth's Delinquent Behavior Summary: This paper analyzes the relationship between having one or more father figures and the likelihood that young people engage in delinquent criminal behavior. We pay particular attention to distinguishing the roles of residential and non-residential, biological fathers as well as stepfathers. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that adolescent boys engage in more delinquent behavior if there is no father figure in their lives. However, adolescent girls' behavior is largely independent of the presence (or absence) of their fathers. The strong effect of family structure is not explained by the lack of paternal involvement that generally comes with fathers’ absence, even though adolescents, especially boys, who spend time doing things with their fathers usually have better outcomes. There is also a link between adult delinquent behavior and adolescent family structure that cannot be explained by fathers' involvement with their adolescent sons and is only partially explained by fathers' involvement with their adolescent daughters. Finally, the strong link between adolescent family structure and delinquent behavior is not accounted for by the income differentials associated with fathers' absence. Our results suggest that the presence of a father figure during adolescence is likely to have protective effects, particularly for males, in both adolescence and young adulthood. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series; Working Paper 17507: Accessed October 17, 2011 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17507 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17507 Shelf Number: 123010 Keywords: Broken HomesFamiliesFathersJuvenile DelinquencyParenting |
Author: Fuger, Kathryn L. Title: Strengthening Families and Fatherhood: Children of Fathers in the Criminal Justice System Project. Final Evaluation Report, July 1, 2005 - June 30, 2008 Summary: Strengthening Families and Fatherhood: Children of Fathers in the Criminal Justice System, otherwise known as Fathers for Life – A Head Start Father Involvement Model, developed as an Innovation and Improvement Project (IIP), funded through the Office of Head Start. Fathers for Life – A Head Start Father Involvement Model (referred to in this document as Fathers for Life) addressed the priority area of Strengthening Families/Fatherhood of the President’s Head Start initiatives. Office of Head Start first awarded Missouri Department of Social Services Family Support Division (FSD) funding to develop a sound logic model and theory of change during a 9-month Planning Phase. During the 3-year Implementation Phase that followed, the logic model continued to develop as the project entered early stages of implementation. This report summarizes the project model and describes the results of these efforts in the state of Missouri, in the local communities in which it was instituted, and in the lives of the fathers who participated. Some concluding comments summarize the initiative, pose additional questions, and give suggestions for next steps. Five sections comprise the body of this report. These sections present the following information: • The first section of this report provides a history of this work and describes the Fathers for Life logic model and theory of change in more detail. It describes the intended outcomes systemically at the state level, programmatically at the community level, and in practice at the level of fathers’ outcomes related to parenting their children. • The second section presents the evaluation findings of the Fathers for Life work at the state level that aimed for systemic change. Processes and outcomes related to these areas are discussed: project administration, State Steering Committee leadership, curriculum and product development, statewide dissemination of information, and capacity building through training and technical assistance. A profile of the Missouri Fathers for Life initiative describes this systemic work at the state level. • The evaluation findings associated with programmatic development of Fathers for Life at the local level are presented in the third section. The data describe both activities and outcomes regarding the following: Head Start leadership, development of local stakeholder teams, and training of local staff. Profiles of the first five Missouri communities to implement the model are presented. • In the fourth section the evaluation findings document the engagement of fathers in Fathers for Life through their involvement with a service coordinator and their access to interventions. The section features profiles of the fathers that participated and a summary of the outcomes that they achieved. • Finally, a discussion in the fifth section of the report reflects on both the successes and the challenges of the Fathers for Life initiative. Replication and sustainability are discussed, and other suggestions are made concerning possible next steps. Details: Kansas City, MO: University of Missouri - Kansas City, Institute for Human Development, 2008. 135p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 1, 2011 at: http://www.fatherhood.org/Document.Doc?id=50 Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://www.fatherhood.org/Document.Doc?id=50 Shelf Number: 123196 Keywords: Children of PrisonersEarly Childhood EducationFamilies of InmatesFathersHead StartParenting |
Author: Scott, Stephen Title: How is parenting style related to child antisocial behaviour? Preliminary findings from the Helping Children Achieve Study Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a major problem in childhood and beyond. More severe, persistent forms affect 5-10% of children in developed western countries and are linked to future adult crime, drug and alcohol misuse, unemployment, poor physical health, and mental disorders. A major risk factor is parenting style, in particular harsh and inconsistent parenting, which research has shown is associated with child behaviour problems. Other factors that feed into this directly and indirectly include domestic violence, parental drug abuse, maternal depression, family poverty, parents with low levels of education, stressed families and single parent status. This research report presents the findings from a study that examined the relationship between parenting styles and a range of family factors and child anti-social behaviour. The study examined in detail 278 families living in inner city areas who had children at higher risk of poor social and academic outcomes due to anti-social behaviour. The children involved in the study were aged four to seven. Details: London: Department for Education, 2012. 20p. Source: Research Report DFE-RR185a: Internet Resource: Accessed March 4, 2012 at https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DFE-RR185a.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DFE-RR185a.pdf Shelf Number: 124380 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorJuvenile OffendersParenting |
Author: Jones, Jerrett Title: Examining the Relationship between Paternal Incarceration, Maternal Stress, and Harsh Parenting Behaviors Summary: In response to rise of incarceration, there is a burgeoning literature examining the consequences of incarceration on families. Research has suggested that incarceration negatively impacts the well-being of partners connected to men with an incarceration history. However, research examining the effects of imprisonment on partners of former offenders remains underdeveloped. This area of research has yet to adequately address the methodological challenges associated with selection bias. This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N= 2,819) to examine the effect of paternal incarceration on maternal stress and harsh parenting behaviors. Using multiple methods and accounting for a rich set of covariates associated with incarceration, results run counter to existing literature. More specifically, after accounting for selection processes, the results suggest no relationship between paternal incarceration, maternal stress and harsh parenting behaviors. Research needs to address preexisting disadvantages that select partners to associating with criminal offenders. Details: Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 2013. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: workingpapers/WP13-03-FF; Accessed February 7, 2013 at: http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP13-03-FF.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP13-03-FF.pdf Shelf Number: 127520 Keywords: Children of PrisonersFamilies of Inmates (U.S.)Parenting |
Author: Turney, Kristin Title: The Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Effects of Paternal Incarceration on Maternal Neglect and Harsh Parenting Summary: The American incarceration rate has dramatically swelled since the 1970s, especially among poorly educated minority men, effectively increasing the number of families affected by the penal system. Despite escalating attention to the consequences of incarceration for families, little research considers the possibility that paternal incarceration is consequential for parenting among mothers who share children with currently or recently incarcerated men. In this manuscript, I use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a data source uniquely situated to understand the collateral consequences of incarceration for family life, and a series of propensity score models to examine the homogeneous and heterogeneous effects of paternal incarceration on three aspects of maternal parenting: neglect, psychological aggression, and physical aggression. First, results show that paternal incarceration has modest, negative effects on mothers’ physical aggression toward children but that observed effects on neglect and psychological aggression result from formidable selection forces. Second, and importantly, results show that considering the homogeneous effects of paternal incarceration overlooks heterogeneous effects. For psychological aggression and physical aggression, paternal incarceration is detrimental for mothers with a high propensity for attachment to recently incarcerated fathers but beneficial or inconsequential for mothers with a low propensity for such attachment. Taken together, results indicate that the collateral consequences of incarceration for family life may be concentrated among the most disadvantaged and, thus, have implications for increasing inequality among families. Details: Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 2013. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed February 7, 2013 at: http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP13-02-FF.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP13-02-FF.pdf Shelf Number: 127531 Keywords: Children of PrisonersFamilies of Inmates (U.S.)Parenting |
Author: Heilman, Anja Title: Equally Protected? A review of the evidence on the physical punishment of children Summary: The physical punishment of children is still a common parenting practice in Scotland and the rest of the UK. Although legal reform to protect children from all physical punishment in all settings is now regarded as an obligation under international human rights law, its use is lawful in the home and in private foster care1 in all four UK jurisdictions. This means that children do not have the same level of legal protection from violence as adults. The use of physical punishment, however, is becoming more and more controversial. There is increasing recognition that physical punishment constitutes a violation of children's human rights under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), and research evidence on its detrimental effects on children's health and development is fast accumulating. The last decade has seen a surge in the number of research articles on the outcomes of physical punishment for children, as well as in the rate at which states across the world have legislated to prohibit all forms of physical punishment and give children equal protection. Over the same period, child policy in Scotland has increasingly been developed with reference to a children's rights framework. The Scottish Government's overarching approach to child wellbeing ('Getting it Right for Every Child') is based on the twin principles of prevention and early intervention, and clearly articulates the right of all children to be nurtured, kept safe and have the best start in life. This research project was commissioned by NSPCC Scotland, Children 1st, Barnardo's Scotland and the Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland, with the aim of updating the findings of a previous review on physical punishment published in Northern Ireland in 2008 ('NI Review'). The current review summarises the evidence that has become available in the years since the NI Review, focusing on the following three research questions: 1. What are the prevalence of / attitudes towards different types of parental physical punishment in the UK and other OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries? In particular, a. What are the trends over time? b. What evidence is there of changes in prevalence / attitudes in countries which have made physical punishment illegal? 2. What are the outcomes of physical punishment for child health and development, and later-life health and wellbeing? 3. Is parental use of physical punishment related to an increased risk of child maltreatment? Details: London: NSPCC, 2015. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 28, 2015 at: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/research-reports/equally-protected.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/research-reports/equally-protected.pdf Shelf Number: 137356 Keywords: Child MaltreatmentChild ProtectionCorporal PunishmentParenting |
Author: Hooker, Leesa Title: Domestic and family violence and parenting: Mixed methods insights into impact and support needs: State of knowledge paper Summary: This paper examines the current state of knowledge on the impact of domestic and family violence (DFV) on parenting. It considers how often DFV occurs among parents; the impact of DFV on parenting; the methods and behaviours used by perpetrators to disrupt the mother-child relationship; and interventions used to strengthen and support a healthy mother-child relationship. The paper finds that approximately one third or more of parents in the general community experience DFV, but there is limited evidence on DFV among marginalised parent populations such as Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD), rural, disabled and same-sex parents. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men, women and children suffer considerable DFV, but the true prevalence of abuse among parents is hard to determine due to a lack of reporting, limited screening for DFV, and methodological issues. Most evidence suggests that DFV during pregnancy can result in poor pregnancy outcomes and reduced attachment. It also impacts on an abused woman's ability to parent effectively; women will attend to their abusive partner's demands and needs, and control and discipline children to keep them safe. Attachments/relationships can improve over time, and parenting and child health outcomes also improve once DFV stops. There is limited information on the parenting style of abusive fathers, but researchers and victims have characterised them as authoritarian, under-involved, self-centred and manipulative. They aim to isolate, control and undermine women's authority to parent and have meaningful relationships with their children. The paper recommends supportive care for mothers experiencing DFV and their children as an alternative to reporting all DFV to child protection services. Home visiting programs have been shown to be effective in reducing child maltreatment, improving parenting skills and children's behaviour, but not necessarily effective in preventing or reducing DFV. New programs with an additional DFV focus are currently being assessed. Victims of abuse need more intense and targeted therapy; the paper recommends psychotherapeutic interventions with combined mother-child sessions as they have shown good results. Interventions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families show client satisfaction but are yet to show other effective outcomes. There are considerable gaps in Australian research on DFV and parenting. This paper recommends further research in areas including prevalence of DFV in diverse groups of parents; qualitative research on the experiences of motherhood and fatherhood in the context of DFV; and interventions measuring parenting and the parent-child relationship as primary outcomes, with larger, more representative samples. Details: Sydney: ANROWS, 2015. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Landscapes : State of knowledge: 01/2016) Accessed January 11, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/L1.16_1.8%20Parenting.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/L1.16_1.8%20Parenting.pdf Shelf Number: 137457 Keywords: Domestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceParentingViolence Against Women |
Author: Gordon, Liz Title: Formative Evaluation of the Activities Centre at Christchurch Men's Prison Summary: Should children visit their incarcerated parent in prison? Do prison policies and practices impede or support the maintenance of prisoners' family ties? These questions have been the focus of research both internationally and in New Zealand. The Pillars Inc research project (Gordon, 2009, 2011) which examined the situation of the children of prisoners in New Zealand, found that regulations around prison visiting had become much more stringent in recent years and few opportunities were evident for active parenting in the prison environment. Following Gordon's research, a joint prison/Pillars committee has worked to set up a pilot Activities Centre in the low security visiting area of Christchurch Men's Prison. The Centre's aim was to facilitate father and child bonding and contribute to better family outcomes. In conjunction with this initiative, an evaluation project was undertaken between April and June 2012. The evaluation data was gathered from a number of sources: a review of literature, paperwork, meeting minutes and materials associated with the Centre's background and development; attendance at the Centre over two days to observe, write field notes and undertake evaluative interviews with prisoners and their families; a series of stakeholder interviews. Setting up the Activities Centre was shared, using a task-orientated action model; Pillars were responsible for stocking and staffing the Centre, and Corrections undertook the capital development and furnishings. Preparations went smoothly. Three existing rooms in the visiting centre in Christchurch Mens' Prison were furnished as Arts and Crafts, reading and DVD rooms. The outdoor area was also improved, with a series of painted panels plus the addition of a hopscotch area. High quality toys, games, books and DVDs were purchased. The dates and times of the rooms' availability were well advertised beforehand and visitors could book half hour slots in advance. Although booking was minimal, over the two days that the Activities Centre was evaluated, rooms were full with families at all times. The evaluation visits identified some resource and management issues in accommodating the demand for rooms. Some conditions, such as not taking books, toys etc out of specified rooms, were relaxed in the interest of the families and children. The observer's notes provide a picture of the families' use of the Activities Centre and show that the initiative was highly successful, encouraging 'more normal' parental interactions with children, also providing privacy and quiet. In some cases some transformational changes in children's demeanour and behaviour were observed. The brief survey, undertaken with fourteen families over the two days, revealed that the families clearly enjoyed the space and the only complaint was that the Activities Centre was closed too often. The most popular activities are drawing, colouring and stickers, followed by dolls and cars. Overall the satisfaction ratings for the Activities Centre were very high. Providing adequate staffing was the most problematic issue as volunteers were hard to find. Consequently the centre was run by a Pillars social worker, who was paid for this work. This person believes that two paid staff should be employed to run the Activities Centre. This would allow the centre to open each week and volunteers could still be used as support. The advantage of paid staff is experience, adequate ongoing training, and possibly better skills. However, the need for staffing may make it less likely that other prisons might adopt a similar model. The stakeholders interviewed, consisting of two Corrections staff, two Pillars staff and one volunteer, were strongly supportive of children visiting their parents in prison; in particular, they found value in many aspects of the Activities Centre. The comments mainly focussed on relationship issues and the opportunity for parenting in the prison environment. However, stakeholders also agreed that more needed to be done generally to improve parent/child relationships when a parent is in prison and all offered suggestions about this. Several stakeholders cautioned that the existence and relatively cheap transformation of the rooms was a bonus, but they raised issues about (a) whether this is the best model and (b) whether it is replicable. Various institutional factors were also mentioned. The establishment of a pilot Activities Centre at Christchurch Mens' Prison facilitates father and child bonding and contributes to better family outcomes. The potential benefit of this initiative is clear and other correctional facilities in New Zealand might consider adopting a similar workable model. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Pukeko Research Ltd, 2012. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 11, 2016 at: http://www.pillars.org.nz/images/stories/pdfs/ac_evaluation_report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.pillars.org.nz/images/stories/pdfs/ac_evaluation_report.pdf Shelf Number: 137841 Keywords: Children of PrisonersCorrectional ProgramsFamilies of InmatesMale InmatesMale PrisonersParenting |
Author: Johnson, Wendi L. Title: Parents, Identities, and Trajectories of Antisocial Behavior from Adolescence to Young Adulthood Summary: PURPOSE Assessments of young adult well-being often focus on family formation and employment experiences, and ignore the potentially important, continuing role of parents. We consider whether and how parental influence reaches beyond the adolescent years. METHODS Drawing on longitudinal data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (N = 1,242) and multilevel modeling, analyses examine direct and indirect ways that traditional parenting practices, as well as parental histories of problematic behavior influence trajectories of offspring antisocial behavior. RESULTS Parental antisocial experiences influenced young adult outcomes and operated through youths' own developing identities. Youths whose parents scored higher on an index of antisocial behavior were more likely to agree with partier and troublemaker labels. Traditional parenting factors, such as parental support and harsh parenting also influenced respondents' own trajectories of antisocial behavior. Thus, parental influence persisted net of young adult gainful activity (school,employment), parenthood, and intimate involvement. CONCLUSION The results of the current study highlight that parent-child relationships and their association with antisocial behavior remains fluid and dynamic well into adolescence and young adulthood. Parents are also implicated in the adoption of problematic identities which in turn are associated with antisocial behavior. Taken together, greater attention should be given to how parents shape and influence the trajectories of behavior among their adolescent and young adult offspring. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2016. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed March 9, 2016 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2016-002/PWP-BGSU-2016-002.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2016-002/PWP-BGSU-2016-002.pdf Shelf Number: 138151 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorFamiliesParenting |
Author: Ruprah, Inder J. Title: Sex, Violence, and Drugs Among Latin American and Caribbean Adolescents: Do Engaged Parents Make a Difference? Summary: This paper uses data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey to investigate the prevalence of health risk behaviors, in particular substance use, risky sexual behavior, and violence among adolescents in 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Using logit regressions and meta-analysis, we find that having parents engaged in raising their children is associated with significantly reduced problem behaviors in adolescents. That said, in the Caribbean the prevalence of health risk behaviors in adolescents is higher and engaged parents is lower than in Latin America, and the correlation between engaged parenting and reduced risk behaviors is generally weaker. Nonetheless, for both subgroups of countries, engaged parents do appear to make a difference. Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: IDB WORKING PAPER SERIES N IDB-WP-664: Accessed April 27, 2016 at: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7557/Sex-Violence-and-Drugs-Among-Latin-American-and-Caribbean-Adolescents-Do-Engaged-Parents-Make-a-Difference.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2016 Country: Latin America URL: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7557/Sex-Violence-and-Drugs-Among-Latin-American-and-Caribbean-Adolescents-Do-Engaged-Parents-Make-a-Difference.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 138824 Keywords: Drug Abuse and Addiction Drug-Related Violence Drugs and Crime ParentingYouth Violence |
Author: Kramer, Katie Title: Children, Parents, and Incarceration: Descriptive Overview of Data from Alameda and San Francisco County Jails Summary: In Fall 2014, the Alameda County Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership (ACCIPP) and the San Francisco Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership (SFCIPP) worked in partnership with their respective Sheriffs' Departments to survey more than 2,000 individuals incarcerated within the local county jails. The focus of the survey was to identify whom within the jails is a parent, their perceptions of how their incarceration affects their children, and what types of resources are needed for children to maintain contact and relationships with their parents during their parents' incarceration and after release. This report presents the findings from these surveys. Details: San Francisco: Alameda County Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnerhsip & San Francisco Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership, 2016. 63p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 28, 2016 at: http://sfgov.org/sfreentry/sites/default/files/Documents/CIP%20Jail%20Survey%20-%20Full%20Report%20FINAL%203%2015%2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://sfgov.org/sfreentry/sites/default/files/Documents/CIP%20Jail%20Survey%20-%20Full%20Report%20FINAL%203%2015%2016.pdf Shelf Number: 138837 Keywords: Children of PrisonersFamilies of InmatesParenting |
Author: Lindquist, Christine Title: Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting and Partnering: Change in Father-Child Relationships Before, During and After Incarceration Summary: Understanding what supports strong relationships formerly incarcerated men and their children could have an impact on individual, interpersonal, and community safety and well-being. The information in this research brief is drawn from a couples-based longitudinal study of families affected by incarceration, focusing on 772 fathers who were incarcerated at the beginning of the study and released prior to the completion of the final study interviews. This brief examines several aspects of the fathers' relationships with their children after their release from incarceration, including fathers' residential arrangements and financial support for their focal children and dimensions of the quality of the relationships the fathers reported having with their children after their release. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation/Office of Human Services Policy, 2016. 449p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Brief: Accessed May 16, 2016 at: https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/257881/MFSIPImpactReport.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/257881/MFSIPImpactReport.pdf Shelf Number: 139048 Keywords: Children of PrisonersFamilies of InmatesParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: KM Research and Consultancy Ltd. Title: Evaluation of the Caring Dads Cymru Programme Summary: 1 Executive Summary What is Caring Dads? Caring Dads Cymru (CDC) is a group work voluntary programme for men who are at risk of committing domestic viol ence and therefore, at risk of causing harm to their children. The Caring D ads programme originated in Canada but the programme content and theory wa s adapted and applied in Wales. CDC was delivered by the NSPCC and included group 'facilitators', who delivered the group work, central coordina tion and management and partner Support Workers who worked with clients' part ners or ex partners to ensure their safety and wellbeing. A central theory behind CDC is that men will be more motivated to engage in an intervention to address their abusive behaviour if the focus is ostensibly on their relationship with their children. The CDC programme was first initia ted in 2006 and funded by the Welsh Government. The programme was run by NSPCC Cymru. The Evaluation of Caring Dads Cymru The aim of the evaluation, which spanned two years of the Programme, was to establish the effectiveness of th e programme in changing men's abusive attitudes and behaviours thus preventing them from doing harm to children and children's mothers. Methods The evaluation included the following methods: - Interviews with Caring Dads facilitators and clients - Interviews with partners or ex part ners of Caring Dads clients, not necessarily connected to the client research participants - Standardised psychological measures given by CDC clients at the beginning and end of the programme - Interviews with staff who had referred men to CDC - A research and practitioner symposium to explore the purpose of Caring Dads and make recommendati ons for accreditation of the scheme. Details: Merthyr Tydfil, Wales: Welsh Government Social Research, 2012. 101p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/15837/1/120706caringdadsen.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/15837/1/120706caringdadsen.pdf Shelf Number: 139498 Keywords: Abusive MenChild Abuse and NeglectDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceParenting |
Author: McConnell, Nicola Title: Caring Dads: Safer Children. Evaluation Report Summary: Caring Dads: Safer Children 8 keY finDings: Young people's version Caring Dads: Safer Children (CDSC) is a training course that helps fathers who bully or are unkind to their family. The NSPCC has done some research to find out if the fathers were better dads after the course. - Some children felt happier and safer after their fathers had been on the course. Other children said their fathers could still be unkind or angry. - Most fathers said that they found it easier to be a good dad after the course. - Some of the children's mothers were very unhappy before the course. After the course, some mothers were happier. - Some mothers said that the father stopped bullying or being nasty after the course. Details: London: NSPCC, 2016. 168p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/evaluation-of-services/caring-dads-safer-children-evaluation-report-large-text.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/evaluation-of-services/caring-dads-safer-children-evaluation-report-large-text.pdf Shelf Number: 139599 Keywords: Abusive MenChild Abuse and NeglectDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceParenting |
Author: Bernstein, Nell Title: Mothers at the Gate: How a powerful Family Movement is Transforming the Juvenile Justice System Summary: One in four women in the United States has a family member in prison. Among black women, this number rises to two in five. The family burden of incarceration falls disproportionately on women - especially black and Latino women - and on families that are low-income and poor. According to a report from the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, Forward Together, and Research Action Design entitled Who Pays? The True Cost of Incarceration on Families ' in an overwhelming majority of cases, family members were primarily responsible for the costs associated with having a loved one arrested and/or incarcerated - everything from lawyers' fees, to court-imposed fines, to collect calls and visiting expenses. Eighty-three percent of these family members were women. Further, the report also found that the fiscal costs associated with a family member's incarceration left half of those affected struggling to meet basic needs and more than a third in debt. As of 2013, more than 54,000 juveniles were incarcerated in juvenile detention, correction, or other residential facilities. While this represents a significant decrease from highs in the 1990s, the U.S. still locks up far more of its children than do other countries - 18 times more than France and five times more than South Africa, for instance. Given these numbers, it may not be surprising that a movement of family members - particularly mothers - is developing around the country, a movement that aims to challenge both the conditions in which their loved ones are held and the fact of mass incarceration itself. This report reflects an initial effort to map that movement and to distill the shared wisdom of its leaders. Details: Washington, DC: Institute for Policy Studies, 2016. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed September 3, 2016 at: http://www.ips-dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/k-dolan-mothers-at-the-gate-5.3.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.ips-dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/k-dolan-mothers-at-the-gate-5.3.pdf Shelf Number: 140144 Keywords: Families of InmatesFamilies of PrisonersJuvenile Justice ReformParenting |
Author: Haskins, Anna R. Title: Schools as Surveilling Institutions? Paternal Incarceration, System Avoidance, and Parental Involvement in Schooling Summary: Parents play important roles in their children's lives, and parental involvement in elementary schooling in particular is meaningful for a range of child outcomes. Given the increasing number of school-aged children with incarcerated parents, this study explores the ways paternal incarceration is associated with mothers' and fathers' reports of home- and school-based involvement in schooling. Using Fragile Families Study data, findings suggest that a father's incarceration inhibits his school- and home-based involvement in schooling, while associations for maternal involvement are weaker. Results are robust to alternative specifications of incarceration that address concerns about selection and unobserved heterogeneity. Findings also hold when teachers' reports are substituted, and across levels of father-child contact. Lastly, a test of the system avoidance mechanism is conducted, and results suggest it partially explains reductions in school involvement for fathers following incarceration. Given the reoccurring interest in the interconnection between families and schools and how this translates into success, this study suggests that paternal incarceration is associated with lower parental involvement in schooling and highlights the role of system avoidance in this association. Attachment to social institutions like schools is quite consequential, and this work highlights another way mass incarceration influences social life in the US. Details: Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Department of Sociology, 2017. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Fragile Families Working Paper WP17-02-FF: Accessed April 12, 2017 at: http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP17-02-FF.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP17-02-FF.pdf Shelf Number: 144816 Keywords: Children of PrisonersEducationFamilies of InmatesParenting |
Author: Kejerfors, Johan Title: Parenting in Urban Slum Areas: Families with Children in a Shantytown of Rio de Janeiro Summary: This is a study of parenting and child development in a slum area in a developing part of the world. The aims of the study were threefold. The first aim was to explore the physical and social contexts for parenting in a shantytown in Rio de Janeiro using an ecological perspective. The second aim was to examine parenting and subsequent child outcomes among a sample of families living in the shantytown. The third aim was to explore what factors contribute to differences among parents in how they nurture and protect their children. The theoretical framework of the study was an updated version of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of human development. Using self-report questionnaires developed by Rohner, data on perceived parental acceptance-rejection were collected from 72 families with adolescents 12-14 years old, representing approx. 75% of all households with children in this age group in the shantytown. Besides self-report questionnaires, each adolescent's main caregiver replied to several standardized questionnaires developed by Garbarino et al., eliciting demographic and social- situational data about the family, neighborhood, and wider community. The results of the study paint a complex portrait of the social living conditions of the parents and children. Despite many difficulties, most parents seemed to raise their children with loving care. The results from the self-report questionnaires indicate that the majority of the adolescents perceived substantial parental acceptance. The adolescents' experience of greater or lesser parental acceptance-rejection seems to influence their emotional and behavioral functioning; it also seems to be related to their school attendance. Much of the variation in degree of perceived acceptance-rejection seems to be related both to characteristics of the individual adolescents and their main caregiver(s) and to influences from the social and environmental context in which they and their caregivers interact and live their lives. Details: Stockholm: Stockholm University Department of Social Work, 2007. 246p. Source: Internet Resource: Studies in International Social Work, 1651-0291 ; 7Accessed April 21, 2017 at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:197529/FULLTEXT01.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Brazil URL: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:197529/FULLTEXT01.pdf Shelf Number: 145066 Keywords: At-Risk YouthParentingPovertySlumsSocioeconomic Conditions |
Author: Fontaine, Jocelyn Title: Final Implementation Findings from the Responsible Fatherhood Reentry Projects Summary: Fathers recently released from correctional institutions have significant service needs and can face considerable barriers to meeting those needs as they reintegrate back to their communities. To help fathers achieve their reentry, self-sufficiency, and family goals, six Office of Family Assistance-funded Fatherhood Reentry programs employed unique approaches to providing parenting, relationship, and economic stability services to fathers and their families. This report describes the range of activities the programs implemented in correctional institutions and community-based locations and offers lessons based on the relative advantages and disadvantages of the programs' different approaches to participant recruitment and enrollment, program and case management, and partner organization engagement and use. This report also details the programs' partnerships for delivering services and their creative thinking when making mid-course adjustments to overcome implementation challenges. This report aims to inform implementation of family-focused reentry programs given the need for these types of services for justice-involved fathers. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2017. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 21, 2017 at: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89766/final_implementation_report_1.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89766/final_implementation_report_1.pdf Shelf Number: 145068 Keywords: Fathers ParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Cuartas, Jorge Title: Parenting, Scarcity and Violence: Theory and Evidence for Colombia Summary: During early childhood, children develop cognitive and socioemotional skills that predict success in multiple socioeconomic dimensions. A large part of the development of these skills depends on the child's context during the first years of life and, in particular, on the quality of parental care. Grounded on recent literature in psychology and behavioral economics, we discuss a theoretical framework for understanding why some children receive adequate care, while others do not. Within this framework, we identify a determinant of the quality of parenting that has not yet been explored in-depth: the availability of parents' mental resources, which are depleted by the subjective feeling of scarcity and the stress generated by adversities. Using cross-sectional data from a household survey in Colombia and administrative data on crime and violence, we find that a greater subjective feeling of scarcity (β=0.45, IC95%:[0.082, 0.979]) and greater exposure to violence (β =0.09, IC90%:[0.004, 0.182]) are associated with a lower likelihood that parents engage in stimulating activities with their children. At the same time, the results show that receiving information on childrearing is correlated with better parental practices (β =-0.48, IC95%:[-0.822, -0.136]). Details: Bogota; Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Economa, 2016. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Documento CEDE No.38 2016: Accessed May 10, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2912482). Year: 2016 Country: Colombia URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2912482 Shelf Number: 145401 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectChild MaltreatmentParentingSocioeconomic Conditions and CrimeViolence |
Author: Fontaine, Jocelyn Title: Promoting the Economic Stability of Fathers with Histories of Incarceration. Activities and Lessons from Six Responsible Fatherhood Programs Summary: People return from incarceration with limited resources, accumulated debt, weak employment histories, and no means of supporting themselves financially (McLean and Thompson 2007; Visher, Debus, and Yahner 2008; Visher, Yahner, and La Vigne 2010). For many of these people, their ability to achieve economic stability in the community is exacerbated by other reentry challenges they might face that may preclude or hinder their ability to find and maintain employment (La Vigne and Kachnowski 2005; La Vigne, Shollenberger, and Debus 2009; La Vigne, Visher, and Castro 2004; Visher and Courtney 2007; Visher et al. 2004, Visher, Yahner, and La Vigne 2010). Adding to the importance of their achieving economic stability, the majority of people returning to their communities after incarceration also have minor children and/or family members who rely on them financially and emotionally (Fontaine et al. 2015; Glaze and Maruschak 2008). Furthermore, the communities where people with criminal justice histories are concentrated are often economically disadvantaged (Fontaine et al. 2015; Lynch and Sabol 2004; Rose and Clear 1998). Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2017. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 16, 2017 at: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89781/economic_stability_brief_1.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89781/economic_stability_brief_1.pdf Shelf Number: 146211 Keywords: EmploymentEx-offender EmploymentEx-offendersParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Fontaine, Jocelyn Title: Encouraging Responsible Parenting among fathers with Histories of Incarceration. Activities and Lessons from Six Responsible Fatherhood Programs Summary: The massive growth in incarceration rates in the United States has had significant consequences for families. Over the past four decades, incarceration rates have more than quadrupled (Travis, Western, and Redburn 2014). In 2007, the most recent year for which national statistics are available, an estimated 53 percent of the more than 1.5 million individuals incarcerated in state and federal prisons were parents of minor children (Glaze and Maruschak 2008). As of 2012, between 5 and 10 million children in the United States had lived with a parent who had been incarcerated at any point in the child's life (Murphey and Cooper 2015; Schirmer, Nellis, and Mauer 2009). Given that rates of incarceration are higher among nonwhites than whites, a higher percentage of minority children, particularly black children, have experienced parental incarceration in their life. Approximately 7 percent of all children in the United States have had a parent spend time in prison or jail, ranging from 6 percent of white children to nearly 12 percent of black children (Murphey and Cooper 2015). Similarly, children from economically disadvantaged families are more likely to experience parental incarceration than those from families of higher socioeconomic status (Murphey and Cooper 2015). Children left behind because of parental incarceration experience worse life outcomes relative to their peers, including economic hardship caused by the loss of a parent's income (Phillips et al. 2006), residential instability (Geller et al. 2009), academic difficulties (Parke and Clarke-Stewart 2003), mental health problems (Murray and Farrington 2008), and behavioral problems (Dannerbeck 2005; Murray, Farrington, and Sekol 2012; Wildeman 2010). Details: Washington, DC; Urban Institute, 2017. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: OPRE Report #2017-2: Accessed June 16, 2017 at: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89771/responsible_parenting_brief_1.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89771/responsible_parenting_brief_1.pdf Shelf Number: 146213 Keywords: FamiliesParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Ruprah, Inder J. Title: Mothers Are Right: Eat Your Vegetables and Keep Away From the Girls (Boys): Bullying Victimization Profile in the Caribbean Summary: About 29 percent of teenagers are bullied at school in the Caribbean. Victims of bullying are more lonely, sleep less, and have fewer friends than do their non-bullied peers. Although victims of bullying eat more frequently at fast food restaurants, they also experience more periods of hunger than do non-bullied children. Acting out with the goal of being considered a "cool" teenager does not work; even if adolescents frequently smoke cigarettes, bullies may still intimidate and harass them. The opposite is true for virgins. Good parenting can, however, make a difference in preventing a child from being a victim of bullying. Growing international evidence has shown that school-based programs can reduce the prevalence of bullying and that bullying has long-term negative consequences into adult life (for both bullies and victims). Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Brief IDB-PB-225: : Accessed June 20, 2017 at: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/6591/IDB_PB_225_Bullying%20Victimization%20Profile%20in%20the%20Caribbean.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2014 Country: Caribbean URL: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/6591/IDB_PB_225_Bullying%20Victimization%20Profile%20in%20the%20Caribbean.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 146310 Keywords: Bullying ParentingSchool Bullying School Violence |
Author: Fontaine, Jocelyn Title: Supporting Health Marriages among Fathers with Histories of Incarceration: Activities and Lessons from Six Responsible Fatherhood Programs Summary: After incarceration, fathers must overcome several reentry barriers, including reconnecting with their spouse, partner, or co-parent. To help fathers reunify with and support their families, six Office of Family Assistance-funded Fatherhood Reentry programs implemented a range of healthy marriage activities aimed to strengthen fathers' relationships with their partners or coparents, encourage effective co-parenting, and prevent domestic violence. This implementation evaluation documented the array of healthy marriage services offered to participating fathers, such as relationship classes, family activity days, coached telephone calls, special events, assistance navigating child support issues, and domestic violence screenings and programming. Drawing on the six programs' implementation experiences, this brief recommends that providers consider partner/co-parent interaction activities as a targeted and meaningful component of any family-focused reentry program and that providers work with partners on family reunification when they are ready. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2017. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 24, 2017 at: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89776/healthy_relationships_brief_0.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/89776/healthy_relationships_brief_0.pdf Shelf Number: 146212 Keywords: FamiliesFathersParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Nelson-Dusek, Stephanie Title: Look Up and Hope: Final Evaluation Report Summary: Since its founding in 1896, Volunteers of America has supported and empowered America's most vulnerable populations, including those returning from prison. The past several decades have seen a particularly staggering rise in the growth of mothers affected by incarceration. Between 1991 and midyear 2007, the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that the number of mothers in federal and state prisons had increased 122 percent. During the same period, the number of children with mothers in prison had more than doubled, rising to almost 150,000 children nationwide. To address this issue, Volunteers of America launched Look Up and Hope, an innovative initiative that works with the whole family - mother, caregiver, and child - to improve the lives of those affected by maternal incarceration. Over the past five years, Wilder Research has evaluated Look Up and Hope to determine the impact that the program has on families. This final evaluation report illustrates the successes and challenges of those participating in the program. Successes - Strengthened families: After participating in Look Up and Hope, families appear to have stronger connections - meaning increased quantity and quality of contact between mothers, children, and caregivers. For example, 61 percent of children were either living with their mother or had increased contact with her, and 60 percent were reported to have an improved relationship with their mother. - Positive school outcomes: The majority of school-aged children (6+ years old) either increased or maintained their grades, attendance, and behavior. Most prominently, nearly four in ten (37%) children had improved their grade point average by their follow-up assessment, according to family coaches. - Healthy children and caregivers: Overall, the children and caregivers served by the program were relatively healthy. The majority of children (61%) were reported to be in good health at both their baseline and follow-up assessments, and family coaches assessed nearly all children (94%) and caregivers (93%) to have their basic needs met. - Improved parenting skills: Nearly all (97%) of the mothers who received parenting education or training showed improved knowledge of parenting skills. - Improved employment status for mothers: The majority of mothers with available follow-up data experienced a change in employment status from baseline to follow-up. For those who did, over four in ten went from unemployment to either full-time or part-time employment. In addition to the annual report, Wilder Research conducted a Social Return on Investment (SROI) study to estimate some of the potential long-term cost savings that the Look Up and Hope program could eventually provide to society. The study found that, even if the only benefits the program produced were improved long-term outcomes for some participating children (e.g., avoidance of out-of-home placements and school failures), the net cost savings to society could be as much as $48,495 per child. This represents a potential return on investment of $14.31 for every dollar invested. The full SROI (including the limitations of the analysis) is appended. Details: St. Paul, MN: Wilder Research, 2016. 144p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2017 at: https://www.wilder.org/Wilder-Research/Publications/Studies/Strengthening%20Families%20Impacted%20by%20Incarceration%20-%20Evaluation%20of%20Volunteers%20of%20America%20Programs/Look%20Up%20and%20Hope%20Final%20Evaluation%20Report,%20Full%20Report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.wilder.org/Wilder-Research/Publications/Studies/Strengthening%20Families%20Impacted%20by%20Incarceration%20-%20Evaluation%20of%20Volunteers%20of%20America%20Programs/Look%20Up%20and%20Hope%20Final%20Evaluation%20R Shelf Number: 146447 Keywords: Children of PrisonersCost-Benefit AnalysisFamilies of InmatesFemale OffendersParentingPrisoner ReentryVolunteers in criminal Justice |
Author: Kaspiew, Rae Title: Domestic and family violence and parenting: Mixed methods insights into impact and support needs: Final report Summary: The Domestic and Family Violence and Parenting program is an extensive mixed method project that examines the impact of inter-parental conflict (IPC) and domestic and family violence (DFV) on parenting and parent-child relationships. It makes a unique contribution by bringing together evidence on a diversity of Australian populations, life-course stages, and experiences of IPC and DFV. The research captures the experiences and impacts on fathers, mothers, and children at varying ages and stages of development and independence. This has enabled identification of important issues that are shared or differ across gender and family structure. The results illustrate the impacts of IPC and DFV that affect a large number of families, as well as the experiences of those who have undergone highly challenging and traumatic circumstances. The research findings have significant police and practice implications at a range of levels, including: - Women who engage with services against a background of DFV have a number of complex material and psychosocial needs. - If women are not already engaged with a specialist DFV service, then such a referral is usually necessary. - It is likely that women and their children are experiencing ongoing abuse unless contact with the perpetrator has ceased and other safety measures to prevent abuse are available (e.g. being legally permitted to live at an undisclosed address to prevent stalking). - Women may need assistance and referral in relation to financial and housing needs, including being informed about the availability of Financial Wellbeing and Capability services and Financial Counselling. - Women and their children may be experiencing physical and emotional consequences from DFV and abuse and may need long-term therapeutic assistance. - Mothers may need referrals to programs and services that will support the restoration of parenting capacity from a perspective of understanding the dynamics of DFV, including programs that offer services to mothers and children together. Children may also need assistance separately. - Where relationships between fathers and children are being maintained, fathers may need referral to services in relation to parenting. Where this is occurring, the wellbeing and safety of children need to be monitored. - Service providers should be alert to the fact that their services and other types of services and agencies may be used in a pattern of systems abuse. Staff, including legal professionals, should be trained to recognise this and provide appropriate advice and referrals where this is occurring. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2017. 228p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 30, 2017 at: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Parenting_Horizons_FINAL.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Parenting_Horizons_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 146480 Keywords: Children Exposed to ViolenceDomestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceParentingViolence Against Women |
Author: Courser, Matthew Title: Assessing the Impact of parental Characteristics, Parental Attitudes, and Parental Engagement on Mentoring Relationship Outcomes: Final Report Summary: In October 2013, the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), in partnership with Big Brothers Big Sisters of Kentuckiana (BBBS‐KY), was funded under OJJDP Award 2013‐JU‐FX‐ 0010 to assess the impact of three types of parent/guardian factors-parent‐child dynamics, family dynamics, and parent/guardian involvement in mentoring matches‐‐influenced match length, the strength of relationships between volunteer mentors and youth, and youth outcomes. The project utilized an intervention‐only pre‐post design in which the BBBS community‐based and site‐based programs were the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from youth, mentors, and parent‐guardians in the BBBS‐KY program at match and 12‐months after match. These data were complemented by school record data from 16 area school districts and from data from the BBBS‐KY AIM database. We found that parental‐youth relationship dynamics and parenting styles had a direct impact on youth attitudes toward risky behaviors. For youth in site‐based matches, these factors also were related to academic performance, unexcused school absences, and school suspensions. We also found that while parent/guardian involvement in match relationships influences strength of relationship ratings, it does not appear to influence youth/program outcomes directly. However, relationships between parents/guardians and volunteers influence both the strength of mentoring relationships developed and two key youth outcomes- attitudes toward risky behaviors and academic performance. Details: Louisville, KY: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2017. 148p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 19, 2018 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/251114.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/251114.pdf Shelf Number: 149525 Keywords: Delinquency PreventionJuvenile Mentoring ProgramsParenting |
Author: Baldwin, Lucy Title: Short but not sweet: A study of the impact of short custodial sentences on mothers & their children Summary: This research report is based on a small scale study of 17 post prison mothers, and their fifty children The report serves to highlight the significant harm of short custodial sentences on mothers and their children. The report, heavy with the voices of post prison mothers, identifies mothers' own view of the impact of short custodial sentences on themselves and their children. Mothers described challenges to their physical and mental health, challenges in relation to contact, lack of maternal support and significant impact on children. The report echo's previous research findings in relation to the harm of custodial sentences for mothers, reiterating that previously identified harms occur even when sentences are a matter of weeks as opposed to months. The report makes recommendations for positive change. The report concludes with suggestions for future research. Details: Leicester, UK: De Montford University, 2017. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2018 at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/14301/Final%203Research%20Report%20LB%20RE%202017%20.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/14301/Final%203Research%20Report%20LB%20RE%202017%20.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 149811 Keywords: Children of Prisoners Families of Inmates Female Offenders Parenting |
Author: Garcia-Hallett, Janet Title: The Navigation of Motherhood for African America, West Indian, and Hispanic Women in Reentry Summary: Though women are less likely than men to be incarcerated and are disproportionately outnumbered in United States jails and prisons (Guerino et al., 2011; Minton, 2013), women in state facilities are more likely to report being parents (Glaze & Maruschak, 2008; Mumola, 2000) and most plan to rekindle maternal relationships with their children upon their release (Barnes & Stringer, 2014; Hairston, 1991). Research demonstrates that women face substantial burdens during their reentry into the community, but reentry burdens may be more challenging to women of color who stand at the intersection of sexism and racism (Brown, 2010; Roberts, 1993). Ethnic differences among Black women are overlooked, however, as existing knowledge of women's experiences is often constructed along a Black/White dichotomy. Furthermore, selfconceptions as mothers, social expectations of mothers, and attempts to mother may place additional burdens on formerly incarcerated women with children. Yet, motherhood is still understood as a motivating factor in women's lives post-incarceration (Brown & Bloom, 2009; Hayes, 2009). This study investigates how formerly incarcerated women navigate motherhood and how this process influences mothers' reintegration after their release from imprisonment. The research draws on 37 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with formerly incarcerated mothers. These women's narratives focus on the role that maternal desires, decisions and behaviors play across various aspects of life post-incarceration: parenting, employment and finances, living arrangements, custody of children, as well as recovery from histories of addiction. This study utilized a comparative sampling strategy to unpack the experiences of groups viewed collectively as ―minorities‖ and to examine similarities and differences among African American, West Indian and Hispanic formerly incarcerated mothers. There is also a comparative feature across varying degrees of contact with children (both minor and adult children) - specifically, mothers living with their children, mothers not living with their children but remaining in contact, and mothers without contact. This study not only examines post-incarceration reintegration for formerly incarcerated mothers but it captures the intersectionality of criminal status, gender, and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, its comparative features go beyond common racial-ethnic labels and classifications of mother-child relationships in understanding the role of navigating motherhood in women's reintegration after incarceration. Details: Newark, NJ: Rutgers University, School of Criminal Justice, 2017. 268p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54125/PDF/1/play/ Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54125/PDF/1/play/ Shelf Number: 150333 Keywords: Children of PrisonersFemale OffendersMinority GroupsMotherhoodParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: de Vries, Lise Anne Title: The effectiveness of youth crime prevention Summary: Evidence-based interventions are crucial for preventing that at-risk youth will develop a persistent criminal carreer. This dissertation includes a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of youth crime prevention, and an evaluation of the Dutch youth intervention 'New Perspectives' (NP). At-risk youth (N = 101) aged 12 to 19 years were randomly assigned to NP and care as usual (CAU). New Perspectives proved not to be more effective than other existing youth care services. However, the time to re-arrest appeared to be longer for NP-participants than for CAU-participants. Also, NP was most successful for youth with prior offenses, whereas participants without prior offenses performed better in CAU. The effectiveness of NP could be enhanced by focusing on youth with prior offenses. In addition, the findings of the meta-analysis showed small effects of crime prevention. However, under specific conditions, prevention could lead to larger positive effects; programs with behavioral contracting and training parenting skills, carried out in a family-based or multimodal format, produced the largest effects. Group-based interventions and too intensive interventions should be avoided among youth showing low risk of delinquency. Finally, this dissertation includes the results of two separate structural equation models showing that social factors, including deviant peers and low parental monitoring, mediated the association between attachment and delinquency, whereas the association between attachment and aggression was mediated by individual factors, including cognitive distortions. Clinical practice should focus on the attachment relationship between adolescent and parents in order to positively affect risk and protective factors for adolescents' externalizing problem behavior. Details: Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, 2016. 157p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 14, 2018 at: https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=0f5aebf4-a698-4126-a8c4-258bb6287cb9 Year: 2016 Country: Netherlands URL: https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=0f5aebf4-a698-4126-a8c4-258bb6287cb9 Shelf Number: 150542 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Delinquency Prevention Evidence-Based Programs Juvenile Delinquents ParentingPeer Relationships |
Author: Bezin, Emeline Title: Crime, Broken Families, and Punishment Summary: We develop a two-period overlapping generations model in which both the structure of the family and the decision to commit crime are endogenous and a culture of honesty is transmitted intergenerationally by families and peers. Having a father at home might be crucial to prevent susceptible boys from becoming criminals, as this facilitates the transmission of the honesty trait against criminal behavior. By "destroying" bi-parental families and putting fathers in prison, we show that more intense crime repression can backfire because it increases the possibility that criminals' sons become criminals themselves. Consistent with sociological disorganization theories of crime, the model also explains the emergence and persistence of urban ghettos characterized by a large proportion of broken families and high crime rates. This is because for children who come from these broken families, negative community experiences (peer effects) further encourage their criminal participation. Finally, we discuss the efficiency of location and family policies on long-term crime rates. Details: unpublished paper, 2018. Source: Internet Resource: unpublished paper: Accessed July 27, 2018 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3200773 Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3200773 Shelf Number: 150944 Keywords: Broken Families ParentingSocioeconomic Conditions and Crime Urban Areas and Crime |
Author: Lindquist, Christine Title: The Experiences of Families during a Father's Incarceration: Descriptive Findings from Baseline Data Collection for the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting and Partnering Summary: The United States has the highest incarceration rate and the most people incarcerated in the world (International Centre for Prison Studies, 2012). Over half of the 2.3 million individuals in U.S. jails and prisons are parents, and in 2006 an estimated 7,476,500 children had a parent who was incarcerated or under correctional supervision (Glaze, 2010; Glaze & Maruschak, 2008). Many fathers in prison are in committed intimate or coparenting relationships, and their incarceration can affect their families both during and after the sentence is served. This report describes the experiences of 1,482 incarcerated fathers and their intimate or coparenting partners. It is based on survey data collected for the impact evaluation of the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting and Partnering (MFS-IP), which includes in-depth, longitudinal interviews in five states (Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, New Jersey, and New York). Although this report uses data collected for the MFS-IP evaluation, the results presented here are not findings about the impact of MFS-IP programming. Rather, the data are used to generate descriptive information on salient characteristics for a large sample of couples separated by incarceration. Because the study sample is based on a selection of competitively selected Office of Family Assistance grantees, it cannot be considered as nationally representative of the prison population as a whole nor of the prison populations in the five selected states. Nevertheless, it provides the most detailed, descriptive portrait to date of incarcerated men who are in intimate or coparenting relationships during their incarceration, and their partners. The study sample of incarcerated men and their female partners was asked about their work and family lives prior to incarceration; their health and well-being during the fathers' incarcerations; and their expectations for reentry, including reunification with each other and their child or children. Survey questions addressed relationship quality, parenting and coparenting, family contact, and the well-being of children and mothers during the fathers' incarcerations. Detailed information about a single "focal child" for each father was obtained. One key contribution of this report is that responses reflect the dual perspectives of both men and their partners during incarceration. Findings from subsequent interview waves at 9, 18, and (for a subset of sites) 34 months after this baseline interview will provide information on later experiences, including reentry, family reunification, and factors associated with reductions in criminal behavior. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families/Office of Family Assistance, 2015. 157p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 16, 2018 at: https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/137556/MFS-IP%20BaselineReport.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/137556/MFS-IP%20BaselineReport.pdf Shelf Number: 151152 Keywords: Children of PrisonersFamilies of InmatesParenting |
Author: Mitchell, Lindsay Title: Imprisonment and Family Structure: What is the Evidence Telling us? Summary: A wealth of research has investigated associations between family structure and adverse outcomes, but surprisingly little has investigated prisoners childhood family backgrounds. At September 2017, New Zealand prisons held a total of 10,470 individuals. This is an historic high. The imprisonment rate has grown steeply in the last 40 years. If people were locked up today for those crimes worthy of imprisonment in the first half of last century (drunkenness and vagrancy for instance) our current rate would be significantly higher. In most respects (a notable exception being family violence) it has become much harder to get into prison but the numbers who do continue to escalate. Maori make up around half of the current prison population but only 15 percent of the general population. This overrepresentation is however a relatively recent development influenced by rapid urbanisation and the loss of whanau support systems. Urbanisation also gave rise to gangs, which account for 30 percent of the prison population and whose members have higher recidivism rates. A sharp increase in unmarried births during the 1960s correlates markedly with a later rise in the imprisonment rate. Ex-nuptial births made up 79 percent of total Maori births in 2017. For non-Maori, the corresponding figure was 34 percent. Prison over-representation of indigenous and non-indigenous minorities occurs in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. African-American, Canadian native, Afro-Caribbean and Australian Aboriginal populations all feature high rates of one-parent families. New Zealand does not routinely collect data about the childhood backgrounds of prison inmates. But data from other developed nations shows a majority of prisoners are raised by one parent, one-parent and step-parent(s), grand-parent(s) or in state care. A minority grew up with both natural parents. A number of studies have found that growing up with a step-parent (or serial step-parents) is a particular risk factor for later incarceration. Biological parents appear to provide a protective role which replacement parents do not. The strongest predictor for imprisonment is growing up in state care. Several researchers have shown that family factors-in particular, family structure-have greater impact on future risk of criminal offending than socioeconomic factors, albeit the two are closely intertwined. New Zealand birth cohort data shows a strong flow from being known to Child, Youth and Family (CYF) as a child to becoming a Department of Corrections 'client' later in life. Analysis of two 1980s birth cohorts found 69 percent of incarcerated adults and 83 percent of teenage prisoners had a CYF record. One of the strongest correlates for substantiated findings of child abuse or neglect by CYF, second only to having spent more than 80% of time on a welfare benefit, is being born to a single mother. Prison studies repeatedly find high incidence of childhood maltreatment amongst inmates, especially female. A pronounced risk factor for becoming a prisoner is having a family member who is or has been incarcerated; especially a father. Inter-generational imprisonment has been identified in New Zealand, more strongly among Maori. Coincidental to this is the documented increased likelihood that very young Maori men will also be fathers, anecdotally, to multiple children. Further, female multi partner fertility is also associated with father imprisonment. Evidence of bias against Maori in the justice system is not disputed. Maori over-representation in prison is also a facet of ethnic self-identification and/or identification by prison administration. Institutionalisation, or habituation and dependence on the prison environment, is a surrogate for a properly functioning family that transforms children into adults able to cope in the real world. The short term outlook for reducing prison numbers is not promising. While there is growing activist and academic clamour for the new government to stop the Waikeria prison build, a softening of policy to ease prisoner numbers as serious, violent crime worsens is politically difficult. The long term outlook is mixed. If New Zealand does not want to keep building more prisons it needs to look to the children who are potentially tomorrows offenders, and eventually, inmates. This includes acknowledging the role family plays. Campaigns are fought against obesity, tobacco, road speed, child poverty-to name a few. But there is no public messaging about the critical importance of parental commitment to each other and their child. The community is a poor substitute for caring, committed parents. In 2017, no parental relationship details were recorded in 17 percent of registered births. For Māori children, the figure more than doubles to 35 percent. Government departments such as Treasury, Justice and the Ministry of Social Development have repeatedly pointed to the known trajectory from birth to prison which is commonly characterised by birth to a young, poorly educated, isolated mother; exposure to multiple stepparents; parental substance abuse and protracted benefit dependence. Even without specific New Zealand data relating to the childhood family structure of prisoners, Corrections has identified that the pathway to prison inevitably involves a mother who is young, has little education, is from a disadvantaged family of origin where she received little care and affection, is, or has been, substance dependent, is socially isolated and without family connections, and finally has a number of male partners in a serial fashion. Thereafter key risk factors include, "social isolation of the child, harsh and erratic discipline, changes of father figure, and changes of dwelling place. By primary school entry the child on a trajectory to adult offending will show conduct disorder-which is a pattern of regular breaking of major rules in all settings, school, home and community-and frequent defiance of authority." The trajectory description grimly continues through the life stages eventually concluding with, "Many serious adult offenders will be supported in institutions or on welfare for the greater part of their adult lives" though optimistically notes that the prospects of rehabilitation "never reach zero." There are some positive developments though. The sharply declining Maori and non-Maori teenage birth rates since 2008 offer cause for optimism. A trend towards permanent child placement as opposed to moving children back and forth between birth whanau and foster care should also yield positive results, though the approach remains controversial. Home visitation programmes to young mothers show improved outcomes for at-risk children (though this may be too late for babies suffering foetal neurological damage due to maternal substance or alcohol abuse.) Internationally, specialised male prison units focused on family and fathering are not only reducing recidivism but producing other positive outcomes such as climbing school attendance rates amongst the children of inmates. There is also New Zealand evidence mother-with-baby prison facilities and Maori Focus Units lower reoffending rates. This paper draws conclusions from the available evidence, much of it international. Ideally New Zealand would collect actual data regarding inmates childhood family backgrounds. However, the wealth of statistical information now being assembled by Treasury makes such an undertaking somewhat redundant. Without personal testimony we know that most prisoners, as children, have been abused or neglected, were born to single parents (probably with subsequent partners), were heavily reliant on welfare incomes and had poorly educated mothers. Often little, or nothing, is known about their fathers. This report is not an attack on single mothers. Strong parental attachment generally mitigates the many disadvantages their children face. But while too many children continue to be born into high-risk circumstances-to unstable, uneducated and unsupported single parents-there is little prospect, all else being equal, of a diminishing imprisonment rate any time soon. Details: Manukau City, New Zealand: Family First New Zealand, 2018. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 7, 2018 at: https://www.familyfirst.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Imprisonment-and-Family-Structure-What-is-the-Evidence-Telling-Us-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.familyfirst.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Imprisonment-and-Family-Structure-What-is-the-Evidence-Telling-Us-2018.pdf Shelf Number: 151437 Keywords: Family Structure Imprisonment Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Offenders Parenting |
Author: Dion, Robin Title: Trauma-Informed Approaches for Programs Serving Fathers in Re-Entry: A Review of the Literature and Environmental Scan Summary: A large proportion of incarcerated persons in the U.S. are low-income men of color who are fathers. Evidence is growing that many such men have experienced trauma early in life, and that experiencing trauma may complicate their efforts to reconnect with and support their families after incarceration. This report explores trauma in the reentry population and how responsible fatherhood programs, including those funded by the Office of Family Assistance (OFA) in the Administration for Children and Families, can take a trauma-informed approach to the services they offer. OFA provided support for fathers in 2015 through two funding streams that are part of the Healthy Marriage and Responsible Fatherhood (HMRF) discretionary grant program. OFA awarded grants to community-based organizations for services specifically tailored to the needs of fathers in the process of transitioning from incarceration to their families and communities, known as the Responsible Fatherhood Opportunities for Re-entry and Mobility (ReFORM) programs. OFA also awarded grants for programs that serve fathers without regard to incarceration status or history, known as the New Pathways for Fathers and Families (NPFF) programs, or more generally responsible fatherhood programs. Research suggests that many responsible fatherhood program participants have incarceration histories (Dion et al. forthcoming). Programs in both funding streams tend to focus on low-income fathers, and are required to offer services to promote responsible parenting, economic stability, and healthy marriage and relationship skills. Legislative authorization for HMRF programs was provided by the Claims Resolution Act of 2010. Primary research questions 1. What does the research literature suggest about the types and prevalence of traumatic experiences among fathers returning from incarceration? What are the potential consequences of these traumas for fathers' parenting, economic stability, and relationships? 2. What are the elements of a trauma-informed approach, and what can we learn from programs that are implementing such an approach with fathers returning from incarceration? 3. What evidence-based trauma-specific services are available to reentering fathers, and to what extent are they appropriate for men returning to the community after incarceration? Purpose The purpose of this report is to document what is known about trauma among fathers reentering from incarceration, how fatherhood programs can foster healing and avoid exacerbating or re-traumatizing participants, and resources that may be available to help fatherhood programs become trauma-informed. Details: Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, 2018 53p. Source: Internet Resource: OPRE Report # 2018-69: Accessed September 27, 2018 at: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/pact_rf_tic_lit_review_final_508.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/pact_rf_tic_lit_review_final_508.pdf Shelf Number: 151711 Keywords: Children of Prisoners Families of Inmates Families of Prisoner Fathers ParentingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Pacheco, Edgar Title: Children's exposure to sexually explicit content: Parents' awareness, attitudes and actions Summary: This report presents findings from a larger quantitative study about parenting, digital technologies and online risks. It focuses on parents and caregivers' awareness and attitudes regarding their child's exposure to sexually explicit content online. The study was conducted in New Zealand based on a nationally representative sample. Summary of findings - Parents' main online concerns are their children sharing nudes of themselves, being treated in a hurtful way, and seeing sexually explicit content. - 1 in 5 parents said their children were exposed to sexually explicit content online in the prior year. - Parents reported children's exposure to sexually explicit content increased with age; and exposure to sexually explicit content was more common among boys. - The main reasons parents gave for their child's exposure to this content were: it popped up on the screen/device, curiosity, and accidental access. - 39% of parents said they stayed calm after finding their children were exposed to sexually explicit content while 22% were angry, and 10% ignored the situation. - Most parents believe they know what to do and say if their children access or are exposed to sexually explicit content. - After a situation occurred, most parents (72%) talked with their children about sexually explicit content on the internet. - Most parents are confident talking with their children about pornography, while 2 in 10 feel embarrassed. Over half said they discuss sex education and sexuality with their children, while 3 in 10 do not. - Half of parents know where to access information and resources about children and pornography, while 4 in 10 do not. Details: Wellington, New Zealand : Netsafe, 2018. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2019 at: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Parents-and-Pornography-2018_10Dec2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.netsafe.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Parents-and-Pornography-2018_10Dec2018.pdf Shelf Number: 154491 Keywords: Digital CommunicationsInternetOnline PornographyParentingPornographySexually Explicit MaterialSocial Media |
Author: Harwin, Judith Title: The contribution of supervision orders and special guardianship to children's lives and family justice. Summary report Summary: This report is about the use of 'family orders' to support family reunification and placement with family and friends as outcomes of S31 care and supervision proceedings brought under the Children Act 1989 . These proceedings are brought by local authorities for children who they believe have experienced or are likely to experience 'significant harm' as a result of the parenting they have received falling below a reasonable standard. They are amongst the most vulnerable children in society who have met the highest threshold of concern and their futures cannot be decided without the intervention of the court. The main focus is on supervision orders made by the courts to help support birth families to stay together, and on special guardianship when the child is placed with family and friends, with or without a supervision order. It is important to distinguish between these two family orders regarding the support they provide for permanency. A special guardianship order (SGO) lasts until the child reaches the age of 18 but a supervision order is time-limited. A supervision order places a duty upon the local authority 'to advise, assist and befriend the supervised child'. It is initially made for a period up to one year but can be extended after this to a maximum of three years. An SGO gives the carers the main responsibility for the child's care and upbringing but retains the legal link with the birth family. The local authority does not hold parental responsibility when either order is made. The over-arching aim of this study is to understand the opportunities, challenges and outcomes of these orders, and their use at national and regional level. This is the first study of both supervision orders and special guardianship to make use of national (England) population-level data routinely produced by the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass) concerning all children subject to S31 care and supervision proceedings. It is also the first study to use this data to examine the proportion of SGOs in which a supervision order is also made for the child. The report is being published at a critical time in family justice. The overall trend regarding care demand is upward. Despite a small drop in demand in 2017/18, the number of children in care and supervision applications is still more than double the figure recorded in 2007. This has created huge pressures on the family court and children's services alike. As part of its inquiry into ways of tackling the issues, the recent Care Crisis Review concluded that the family itself is an underused resource (Care Crisis Review, 2018). Since 2013, case law has also affirmed the important role of the court and children's services in promoting permanency orders that keep families together, and most recently called for new guidance on special guardianship. This comes just three years after a major review undertaken by the Department for Education introduced changes to the regulatory framework (Department for Education, 2015). Details: Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University, Centre for Child & Family Research, 2019. 183p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2019 at: https://www.cfj-lancaster.org.uk/app/nuffield/files-module/local/documents/HARWIN%20main%20report%20SO%20and%20SGOs%20_%204Mar2019.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.cfj-lancaster.org.uk/app/nuffield/files-module/local/documents/HARWIN%20main%20report%20SO%20and%20SGOs%20_%204Mar2019.pdf Shelf Number: 155602 Keywords: Child Abuse and NeglectChild ProtectionChild SupervisionFamily CourtFamily JusticeParentingSupervision Orders |