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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:35 am
Time: 11:35 am
Results for peacebuilding
3 results foundAuthor: Saferworld Title: Politics and Policing: Understanding the impact of post-conflict political settlements on security reforms in Kenya Summary: What role do political actors and politics play in shaping development outcomes? The concept of the 'political settlement' is increasingly prominent in peacebuilding discussions. This report focuses on Kenya: an important case study for understanding the of role political dynamics in determining the pace and nature of security sector reform. Kenya's post-election violence in late 2007 and early 2008 - where police were found to have committed human rights abuses - triggered the development of an ambitious blueprint for security reform, including the professionalisation and transformation of the national police service. Kenya's political elite committed to delivering changes in police structure and behaviour through the National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008 (NARA), as well as the Constitution of Kenya 2010. Reforms and changes were subsequently detailed in a significant number of new policing laws such as National Police Service Commission Act 2011, National Police Service Act 2011 and Independent Police Oversight Authority 2011. But how did the political elite, national police institutions and pro-reform actors interact to make police reform a reality? And what impact did that process have on security transformation in practice? This report highlights how control over the police service emerged as one of several key battlegrounds on which a power struggle took place within the Kenyan political elite reshaped by NARA. And after 2013, when the Act came to an end, new political coalitions sought to influence reform measures challenging centralised control over senior police appointments and strategy. The September 2013 Westgate shopping mall attack in Nairobi - and increasing fears around violent extremism - were context for legitimising the reassertion of central control over the police. This report provides a context-specific and policy-relevant application of the 'political settlements' concept in Kenya. Findings have implications for a number of people and institutions engaged in the security sector reform process; suggesting a need for realistic and politically aware programming based on analysis of the policing context and the conditions in which transformation is likely to take place. Details: London: Saferworld, 2016. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 1, 2016 at: http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/1082-politics-and-policingaunderstanding-the-impact-of-post-conflict-politicalasettlements-on-security-reforms-in-kenya Year: 2016 Country: Kenya URL: http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/1082-politics-and-policingaunderstanding-the-impact-of-post-conflict-politicalasettlements-on-security-reforms-in-kenya Shelf Number: 139917 Keywords: PeacebuildingPolice ReformPolicingSecurity |
Author: International Alert Title: The New Deal's Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals and Organised Crime Summary: Organised crime is frequently listed as one driver and manifestation of the contemporary forms of violence discussed above that is increasing (although it must be emphasised that crime and violence are not always necessarily linked). Therefore, we have chosen to focus on the impact that organised criminality has on political and social instability, particularly its potential to exacerbate conflict drivers and perpetuate fragility. Recent research has provided convincing evidence that this problem is worsening, in part because ‘globalization has reduced the costs of criminal risk arbitrage, leading to a convergence of zones of crime, corruption and weak rule of law’.16 Of course, the country-specific dynamics of how criminal violence and organised crime affects the social infrastructure of a country, and thereby its fragility, depends on the market and the strength of the institutions in any given context. However, broadly speaking, settings with institutional fragmentation, weak interpersonal ties, high inequality and a poorly functioning state tend to appeal to criminal actors, who see opportunities within these socio-political gaps.17 Many fragile states already suffer from some, if not all, of the above. Thus, organised crime has the potential to further contribute to fragility by intervening in what are often fraught relationships between state and society, as well as between citizens themselves. At the same time, the characteristics and occurrence of criminal violence in states not classified as fragile mean that the notion of fragility as a result of absent or illegitimate statehood also needs to be re-examined. Details: London: International Alert, 2013. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 23, 2016 at: http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/DVC_PSGsOrganisedCrime_EN_2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/DVC_PSGsOrganisedCrime_EN_2013.pdf Shelf Number: 131636 Keywords: Organized Crime PeacebuildingSocioeconomic Conditions and Crime Violent Crime |
Author: International Conflict and Security Consulting Ltd. Title: Stabilising Areas Affected by Criminalised Violence Conflict: A Guide for Analysis and Stabilisation Strategy Summary: This Guide is based on our work over the last decade in helping governments and companies address situations where crime is a defining characteristic of violent conflict, or affects the conflict dynamics to a considerable extent - and where stabilisation efforts have to integrate measures that address both grievance and greed. These situations span those that fall within the scope of armed violence (for example, in certain parts of Jamaica and Mexico), to those where ideologically- driven armed groups are actively engaged in criminal activities or cooperate with organised criminal groups (for example, in Colombia, Nigeria, North Caucasus and Myanmar). Over the last decade, we have seen more violent conflicts become criminalised and there is an element of criminalisation in most current internal armed conflicts. The need to address the criminal dimension of violent conflicts, we believe, will continue to feature prominently in the work of peacebuilding practitioners and consultants. The Guide is the first INCAS in Practice Series publication for 2014 and part of our commitment to promote debate on good consulting practice in the conflict and security field. Details: London: Urban Guru Publishing, 2014. Source: Internet Resource: Incas in Practice Series, No. 01/14; Accessed July 1, 2017 at: www.ecasconsulting.com Year: 2014 Country: International URL: www.ecasconsulting.com Shelf Number: 146498 Keywords: Conflict-Related Violence Organized Crime Peacebuilding |