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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:37 am
Time: 11:37 am
Results for pirated goods
4 results foundAuthor: Frontier Economics Title: The economic and social impacts of counterfeiting and piracy in Turkey Summary: This study is the first attempt to estimate the magnitude and costs of counterfeiting in Turkey. The magnitude of counterfeiting in the economy includes the value of imported, domestically produced, and digitally retrieved counterfeit products, and adds up to 1% of the GDP. The costs of counterfeiting include tax losses, additional welfare payments, health costs, as well as costs to the wider economy such as lost FDI and exports. Estimates on employment losses due to all these factors also are included. These estimates are based on a Frontier-developed methodology that is built on work by the OECD, and show that counterfeiting is a serious problem for Turkey. Counterfeiting is not only a law enforcement issue, but is also a core problem that is relevant for economic policy-makers. The recently published Global Competitiveness Report 2011-12 by the World Economic Forum classifies Turkey as a transition economy passing from an efficiency-driven to innovation-driven stage. Completing this transition will necessitate a tough stance against counterfeiting. Firms in an efficiency-driven economy compete and grow by cutting down costs, while firms in an innovation-driven economy compete and grow by creating unique value at the global level. Illicit entities that produce counterfeit products may "compete" on cost, but they cannot act as building blocks of an innovation-driven economy. They are destined to stay as small enterprises that generate little or self-employment with low wages, all the while skirting the law. Entities involved in counterfeiting are necessarily driven into informal, illicit markets. They are excluded not only from the tax collection system, but also from the global manufacturing value-chains of modern corporations that bring local firms opportunities to scale up to the global level. Needless to say, informal firms have limited access to bank credit and venture capital, further limiting their growth prospects. If the Turkish economy is to upgrade to an innovation-driven stage, it will be based on high-impact enterprises that are able to scale-up to the global level by creating unique value. Only firms that are not involved in counterfeiting can acquire and retain global customers and investors in the long-run. It is natural to see this value be distributed to wider society in form of larger employment with higher wages. This is why avoiding counterfeiting should be an economic-policy priority. Tackling counterfeiting is a difficult challenge. It requires not only close enforcement, but the necessary incentives to create long-lasting transformation in the habits of entrepreneurs. To create a policy environment against counterfeiting requires a high level of policy coordination among different departments in the government. Dialogue and coordination among the ministries of Culture and Tourism, Justice, Health, the Interior, Economy, Customs and Trade, as well as institutions such as the Turkish Patent Institute and the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), as well as between public institutions and private sector representatives are essential. To ensure coordination and dialogue among so many different agents, political will is critical. This report is a first step in building this political will by revealing the large magnitude and long list of costs associated with counterfeiting and piracy in Turkey. Details: Ankara: BASCAP (Business Action to Stop Counterfeiting and Piracy, 2011. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 16, 2015 at: www.iccwbo.org Year: 2011 Country: Turkey URL: www.iccwbo.org Shelf Number: 137281 Keywords: Counterfeit ProductsCounterfeitingEconomic CrimesFinancial CrimesIllicit MarketsPirated Goods |
Author: U.S. Chamber of Commerce Title: Measuring the Magnitude of Global Counterfeiting: Creation of a Contemporary Global Measure of Physical Counterfeiting Summary: Counterfeiting today represents a tremendous and ever increasing global threat. Counterfeit products- from goods and merchandise, tobacco products and industrial parts to currency and medicines - circulate across the globe. Yet these products cause real damage to consumers, industries and economies. First and foremost, counterfeit goods jeopardize consumers and pose a serious safety risk: fake toys contain hazardous and prohibited chemicals and detachable small parts; brake pads made of compressed grass; counterfeit microchips for civilian aircrafts; all these and many more may and tragically already have led to injuries and deaths. Counterfeit products also result in detrimental effects on economies due to decreased innovation, loss of revenue and taxation, and higher employment rate. Disturbingly, a growing body of evidence draws a clear link between physical counterfeiting and terrorist groups which exploit the easy-made money and high profit margin to fund terror activities around the world. The continuous growth of the global counterfeiting industry is a major cause for concern. Fueled by the proliferation of internet use and social media platforms, the magnitude of global physical counterfeiting is estimated to have increased considerably since the beginning of this century. One prominent example for this increase is reflected in the OECD's studies on global counterfeiting. In its first study from 2008 - The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy - the OECD estimated that global trade of counterfeit goods accounted for 1.9% of world trade in 2007, or 250 billion USD. In its recently published study of 2016 - Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods: Mapping the Economic Impact - the OECD now estimates that global trade-related counterfeiting accounts for 2.5% of world trade, or 461 billion USD. A key finding from these two OECD studies is that global counterfeiting has grown both organically with a growth rate of 0.6% (of its estimated share of world trade), and, since world trade has in itself increased constantly since 2009, also grown in its overall dollar figure. In this context, the US Chamber's Measuring the Magnitude of Global Counterfeiting study seeks to make a contribution to this growing body of literature and complement the OECD's work in two ways: 1. The study provides a deep-dive analysis of trade-related physical counterfeiting on a comparative level, and; 2. It provides a breakdown of the share of the global rate of physical counterfeiting (as both a percentage and with a USD figure) for the 38 economies included in the 2016 U.S. Chamber of Commerce's GIPC International IP Index (fourth edition published in February 2016) based on new modeling of an economy's propensity for counterfeiting, including factors such as broader levels of IP enforcement and estimated rates of corruption. The study makes the following key findings: 1. China alone is estimated to be the source for more than 70% of global physical trade-related counterfeiting, amounting to more than 285 billion USD. Physical counterfeiting accounts for the equivalent of 12.5% of China's exports of goods and over 1.5% of its GDP. China and Hong Kong together are estimated as the source for 86% of global physical counterfeiting, which translates into 396.5 billion USD worth of counterfeit goods each year. 2. Despite China and Hong Kong's dominant share of global counterfeiting, a considerable amount of physical counterfeiting activity as share of world trade can be attributed to other economies as well. Indeed, the level of counterfeiting activity attributed to some economies is substantial and bears significant economic and public health implications, both locally and internationally. 3. In addition to the modeled estimates of rates of global physical counterfeiting and percentage attributed to each economy, this report has also examined the value of seized counterfeit goods in the 38 economies sampled and the World Customs Organization (WCO). The value of counterfeit goods seized and reported by customs authorities today from our sample of 38 economies ($5.2 billion) represents slightly less than 2.5% of the global measure of physical counterfeiting of $461 billion dollars. This suggests that though customs authorities' activities yield results and their efforts are highly laudable, the extent of their successes still represents "a drop in an ocean." This does not mean to say that economies should not continue to step up efforts to combat counterfeiting. Recent actions taken by economies include enhancing customs authorities' scope of action, strengthening IP protection, introducing targeted measures aimed at deterring counterfeiting, and joining international trade and enforcement initiatives. Taken together, these steps are expected to increase economies' ability to limit counterfeiting activities both domestically and globally over time. 4. Our analysis of seizure data from customs authorities shows that the dearth of seizure data is acute. Of the 38 economies examined in this study, only a third of the customs authorities publish data. Moreover, only a small proportion of these publish reliable, consistent, and detailed seizure statistics. Additionally, the data are often focused on intermittent seizures of varying scope and so do not necessarily reflect systematic efforts against counterfeiting. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Global Intellectual Property Center, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 30, 2017 at: http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/themes/gipc/map-index/assets/pdf/2016/GlobalCounterfeiting_Report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/themes/gipc/map-index/assets/pdf/2016/GlobalCounterfeiting_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 146943 Keywords: Counterfeit ProductsCounterfeitingIllegal TradeOrganized CrimePirated GoodsTerrorist Financing |
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Title: Trade in Counterfeit Goods and Free Trade Zones: Evidence from Recent Trends Summary: This study examines the potential for the misuse of Free Trade Zones (FTZs) for trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. It presents the evolution of the FTZs and the international legal framework in which they operate, the reasons for establishing such zones and the benefits they offer businesses, and, finally, the role these zones play in fueling trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. It also analyses the links between the FTZs and trade in counterfeit products, and provides data on these links. Details: Paris: OECD Publishing, 2018. 82p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 30, 2019 at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264289550-en.pdf?expires=1553955479&id=id&accname=oid006203&checksum=CBB320957F8520F57F01BF21A837D80F Year: 2018 Country: International URL: http://www.oecd.org/gov/trade-in-counterfeit-goods-and-free-trade-zones-9789264289550-en.htm Shelf Number: 155235 Keywords: Counterfeit Goods Counterfeit Products Fake Goods Free Trade Zones Illicit Trade Pirated Goods |
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Title: Trade in Counterfeit Goods and the Italian Economy: Protecting Italy's Intellectual Property Summary: The Italian economy is innovative and rich in intellectual property (IP), with nearly every industry either producing or using IP. Italian IP-intensive industries are very well integrated in the global economy, through active participation in global value chains. At the same time, the threats of counterfeiting and piracy are growing - and Italy is vulnerable. This report measures the direct, economic effects of counterfeiting on Italian consumers, the Italian retail and manufacturing industry, and the Italian governments. It examines both the impact that the imports of fake products to Italy has on these three groups and the impact on the Italian intellectual property rights holders of the global trade in fake products that infringe their IP rights. Details: Paris: OECD Publishing, 2018. 109p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 30, 2019 at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264302426-en.pdf?expires=1553955708&id=id&accname=oid006203&checksum=13E7D59C3017EDEC53718DB8861586C8 Year: 2018 Country: Italy URL: http://www.oecd.org/gov/trade-in-counterfeit-goods-and-the-italian-economy-9789264302426-en.htm Shelf Number: 155236 Keywords: Counterfeit Goods Counterfeit Products Fake Products Global Value Chains Illicit Economy Illicit Trade Intellectual Property Italy Pirated Goods |