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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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2 results foundAuthor: Frontier Economics Title: Estimating the Global Economic and Social Impacts of Counterfeiting and Piracy Summary: Government efforts to stabilize the economy and stimulate economic growth, trade and employment must include the critical and pervasive role that intellectual property (IP) protection plays in driving, innovation, development and jobs. The massive infiltration of counterfeit and pirated products, or IP theft, creates an enormous drain on the global economy - crowding out billions in legitimate economic activity and facilitating an "underground economy" that deprives governments of revenues for vital public services, forces higher burdens on tax payers, dislocates hundreds of thousands of legitimate jobs and exposes consumers to dangerous and ineffective products. Reliable information on the scope, scale, costs and impacts of counterfeiting and piracy is critical for helping policymakers to better understand that the trade in fake goods is damaging their economies, threatening the health and safety of their citizens and stifling innovation and creativity. Policymakers with better information on of how counterfeiting and piracy undermine IP, innovation, economic growth and employment are better able to make the fight against IP theft a higher public policy priority and take the actions needed to prevent the damage inflicted by counterfeiting and piracy. In this regard, government efforts to strengthen IP enforcement regimes can more appropriately be considered as investments that pay tangible dividends to economic development and society. Because counterfeiters and pirates operate outside the law, estimating the extent of counterfeiting and piracy and the harm these activities cause is extremely challenging. Illegal businesses do not report information on their activities to any government agency so measuring their size must be done using indirect methods. For this reason, Business Action to Stop Counterfeiting and Piracy (BASCAP), an initiative of the International Chamber of Commerce, is commissioning experts (including Frontier for this report) to examine the issue and to develop methodologies for estimating the economic and social impacts of counterfeiting and piracy. No one report or approach will yield a complete picture or provide all the answers, but BASCAP is committed to learning from as many sources of expertise as possible. Details: Paris: BASCAP (Business Action to Stop Counterfeiting and Piracy), 2011. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 16, 2015 at: www.iccwbo.org Year: 2011 Country: International URL: www.iccwbo.org Shelf Number: 137282 Keywords: Counterfeit GoodsCounterfeitingEconomic CrimesFake GoodsFinancial CrimesPirated Products |
Author: Frontier Economics Title: The Economic Impacts of Counterfeiting and Piracy. Report prepared for BASCAP and INTA Summary: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Counterfeiting and piracy are highly pervasive across countries and sectors, representing a multi-Billion-dollar industry globally that continues to grow. Measuring the scale of counterfeiting and piracy helps us to understand the size of the problem, and the related social costs. It also helps inform policymakers so that they can target resources appropriately towards combating counterfeiting and piracy. 1.1 Extending the findings of the OECD/EUIPO Our starting point is the recent work undertaken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) to measure the extent of piracy and counterfeiting in international trade. The OECD/EUIPO Report builds on a previous, ground-breaking study by the OECD in 2008. Since the publication of the initial report, researchers at the OECD have been able to bring significant enhancements to their research methodology, including improved econometric modelling, greater magnitudes of data and increased primary data from customs experts. The OECD/EUIPO estimates that trade in counterfeit and pirated products accounted for as much as 2.5% of the value of international trade, or $461 Billion, in 2013.2 Notably, this figure represents an increase of more than 80% over the OECD's findings in 2008. Our report seeks to quantify the global value of counterfeiting and piracy and related economic and social costs. As revealing as the OECD/EUIPO Report is, its focus is on one specific aspect of counterfeiting and piracy: the international trade of counterfeits across borders. We therefore draw on and extend the OECD/EUIPO Report to include additional types and impacts of counterfeiting and piracy delineated, but not quantified, in their analysis. Specifically, this study quantifies three additional categories of losses: (i) the value of domestically produced and consumed counterfeit goods, (ii) the value of digital piracy, and (iii) wider economic impacts. Our approach and analysis is a follow-on study from our 2011 report for BASCAP, which built on the OECD's 2008 analysis. Our analysis consists of the following four dimensions. - Quadrant 1: Internationally traded counterfeit and pirated goods. We reprise the OECD/EUIPO's recent estimates of the value of counterfeit and pirated physical goods in international trade. This captures the value of counterfeit goods that cross international borders. We also develop projections of this value to 2022. - Quadrant 2: Domestically produced and consumed counterfeit and pirated goods. We estimate the value of domestically produced and consumed counterfeit and pirated goods using the findings of the OECD/EUIPO Report as a starting point. This captures the value of counterfeits that are produced and consumed within the borders of a country. - Quadrant 3: Piracy distributed through the Internet, mainly by peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing and streaming. We estimate the value of digital piracy in film, music, and software, which is not captured in the OECD/EUIPO Report as it is based on physically traded goods. Our analysis draws on industry data and studies. - Quadrant 4: Wider economic and social impacts. Building on the magnitudes calculated in quadrants 1-3, we measure related economic and social impacts of counterfeiting and piracy. Specifically, we: - Develop an econometric estimate of the impact of counterfeiting and piracy on foregone economic growth. □ Present effects of the displacement by counterfeiting and pirating activities of legitimate activities on employment, FDI, and sales tax revenues. - Estimate costs of criminality related to counterfeiting and pirating activities 1.2 Key findings Our analysis shows that the scale of counterfeiting and piracy globally is large, that it has grown since previous estimates, and that this growth is expected to continue. Our estimates of these values across all four quadrants are shown in Table 1.S below. We estimate that the value of international and domestic trade in counterfeit and pirated goods in 2013 was $710 -$ 917 Billion. We estimate that, in addition to this, the global value of digital piracy in movies, music and software in 2015 3 was $213 Billion. We estimated wider economic costs associated with the effects of counterfeiting and piracy on the displacement of legitimate economic activity. This estimate also provides a starting point for inferring fiscal losses. We also estimated the effects of counterfeiting and piracy on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and crime. We find significant effects on the job market through the displacement of legitimate economic activity by counterfeiting and piracy. We estimate net job losses in 2013 to lie, globally, between 2 and 2.6 million, and we project net job losses of 4.2 to 5.4 million by 2022. We also estimated the effects of changes in the incidence of counterfeiting and piracy on economic growth. Our econometric model, estimating the impact of changes in the intensity of counterfeiting and piracy on economic growth, suggests that a percentage point reduction in the intensity of counterfeiting and piracy would be worth between $30 Billion to $54 Billion in 2017 for the 35 OECD countries. Our forward projections begin with OECD/EUIPO's estimates of international trade in counterfeit and pirated goods, augmented by forecasts of growth in import volumes and the ratio of customs seizures to real imports. Using these, we forecast that the value of trade in counterfeit and pirated goods could reach $991 Billion by 2022. We carry out a similar exercise to illustrate how the size of domestic production and consumption of counterfeit and pirated goods may change over time. We use data on recent and forecast rates of growth in global trade and GDP, and projected growth in the rate of counterfeiting. Using this approach, we forecast that the value of domestically produced and consumed counterfeit and pirated goods could range from $524 - $959 Billion by 2022. Applying the methodology used in our previous study, we combine two different approaches to project digital piracy into the future. The first approach assumes that digital piracy will maintain its share of total counterfeiting and piracy over time. The second approach assumes that digital piracy grows proportionally to global IP traffic. Combining these two approaches, we forecast that the value of digital piracy in movies, music and software could reach from $384 - $856 Billion by 2022. Details: Brussels: Frontier Economics, 2017. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 14, 2017 at: http://www.inta.org/Communications/Documents/2017_Frontier_Report.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Europe URL: http://www.inta.org/Communications/Documents/2017_Frontier_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 144910 Keywords: Counterfeit Goods Counterfeiting Digital PiracyEconomic Crimes Fake GoodsFinancial Crimes Pirated Products |