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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:14 pm
Time: 8:14 pm
Results for psychological interventions
3 results foundAuthor: Regehr, Cheryl Title: Interventions to Reduce Distress in Adult Victims of Sexual Violence and Rape: A Systematic Review Summary: Beginning with the articulation of Rape Trauma Syndrome (Burgess 1974), the traumatic aftermath of sexual assault on victims has become a focus of social and legal policy, scholarly inquiry, and mental health interventions. The wide variety of psychosocial treatment modalities for victims of sexual violence reported in the literature and used in practice are predominantly based on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioural or feminist-informed theoretical frameworks. Some modalities have been specifically designed for victims of sexual violence while others have been adapted from use with other traumatized populations. Although there is evidence of effective treatments for addressing traumatic stress in victims of many types of trauma, modalities specific to victims of sexual assault have not been systematically tested. Evidence suggests that trauma associated with rape or sexual assault differs from trauma stemming from other experiences, in part due to the strong element of self-blame, the individualized nature of this type of trauma, social support and social acceptance factors, and the higher incidence of concurrent depression. Therefore, it is critical to examine the effectiveness of interventions specific to victims of sexual violence and rape. The objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in reducing symptoms of distress and trauma for victims of sexual assault and rape. Details: Oslo: Campbell Collaboration, 2013. 133p. Source: Internet Resoruce: Campbell Systematic Reviews 2013:3 Accessed March 12, 2013 at: http://campbellcollaboration.org/lib/project/97/ Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://campbellcollaboration.org/lib/project/97/ Shelf Number: 127924 Keywords: Psychological InterventionsVictims of CrimeVictims of RapeVictims of Sexual Violence |
Author: Dennis, J.A. Title: Psychological Interventions for Adults Who Have Sexually Offended Or Are At Risk of Offending (Review) Summary: Sexual offending is a legal construct that overlaps, but is not entirely congruent with, clinical constructs of disorders of sexual preference. Sexual offending is both a social and a public health issue. Victim surveys illustrate high incidence and prevalence levels, and it is commonly accepted that there is considerable hidden sexual victimisation. There are significant levels of psychiatric morbidity in survivors of sexual offences. Psychological interventions are generally based on behavioural or psychodynamic theories. Behavioural interventions fall into two main groups: those based on traditional classical conditioning and/or operant learning theory and those based on cognitive behavioural approaches. Approaches may overlap. Interventions associated with traditional classical and operant learning theory are referred to as behaviour modification or behaviour therapy, and focus explicitly on changing behavior by administering a stimulus and measuring its effect on overt behaviour. Within sex offender treatment, examples include aversion therapy, covert sensitisation or olfactory conditioning. Cognitive behavioural therapies are intended to change internal processes - thoughts, beliefs, emotions, physiological arousal - alongside changing overt behaviour, such as social skills or coping behaviours. They may involve establishing links between offenders' thoughts, feelings and actions about offending behaviour; correction of offenders' misperceptions, irrational beliefs and reasoning biases associated with their offending; teaching offenders tomonitor their own thoughts, feelings and behaviours associated with offending; and promoting alternative ways of coping with deviant sexual thoughts and desires. Psychodynamic interventions share a common root in psychoanalytic theory. This posits that sexual offending arises through an imbalance of the three components of mind: the id, the ego and the superego, with sexual offenders having temperamental imbalance of a powerful id (increased sexual impulses and libido) and a weak superego (a low level of moral probation), which are also impacted by early environment. Details: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012, Issue 12. 97p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 19, 2014 at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007507.pub2/pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007507.pub2/pdf Shelf Number: 131963 Keywords: Psychological InterventionsSex Offender TreatmentSex Offenders |
Author: Madden, Vaishnavee Title: Understanding the Mental Health Needs of Young People involved in Gangs Summary: Street gangs and associated serious violence have been a growing concern in the UK over the past decade. They are concentrated in poor, urban areas with high crime rates and multiple social problems. The mental health needs of young people involved in gangs have until recently been overlooked. This report is an attempt to address this situation, and to provide recommendations for local commissioners. The problem Young people involved in gangs have much higher rates of a broad range of mental health problems. These higher rates (compared to both the general and young offender populations) include: Conduct disorder (in children and adolescents) and antisocial personality disorder in young adults, possibly due to common risk factors for gang membership and conduct disorder Anxiety disorders, possibly due to fear of violent victimisation Psychosis, possibly due to high cannabis use Suicide attempts, possibly due to impulsive violent acts directed inwardly In addition, young people involved in gangs have higher rates of drug and alcohol misuse. Psychological interventions primarily aim to improve mental health. Many interventions also have the added benefit of reducing re-offending, an important 'wider determinant' of health. There have been virtually no studies on psychological interventions delivered specifically to gang members. As a result, this report draws on the evidence base of psychological interventions delivered to the general population and young offenders in order to improve mental health as well as reduce reoffending. There is strong evidence of the importance of the relationship with the person providing care (therapist/social worker/key worker). A qualitative study of vulnerable young people in London demonstrated how they valued the role of a key worker in less formal settings, and had not found formal psychotherapy with scheduled appointments helpful. Where mental health problems require specialist input, there are evidence-based interventions for the treatment of mental health problems in children, adolescents and young adults. These fall intotwo major categories: cognitive behavioural interventions and systemic interventions. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is delivered to individuals or groups, and aims to re-evaluated patterns of thinking and behaving that are considered distressing or unhelpful. Systemic interventions, including family therapy and multi-systemic therapy (MST), are based on socio-ecological theories of human development, and aim to change dysfunctional social environments, including family, school and neighbourhood influences. These two categories of intervention are also effective in reducing reoffending. This report has demonstrated extremely high levels of mental health need in young people involved in gangs. Although some of the recommendations are specific to Westminster's Integrated Gangs Unit, they can also be applied across the tri-borough, as part of local young offending teams. A 'ladder of intervention' is recommended, so that all young gang members who are engaged with tri-borough services, have some level of benefit. The main recommendations are: To increase the mental health literacy and skills of key workers working with young people involved in gangs, thus supporting their essential therapeutic role - By commissioning a 5 day mental health awareness training course for all key workers who work with young gang members - By ensuring that all key workers working with young gang members attend the 3 day tri-borough drug and alcohol awareness training To maintain links with local NHS mental health services - By commissioning ongoing input of a psychiatrist and mental health nurse into Westminster's Integrated Gangs Unit To increase access to multisystemic therapy for young people in gangs - By expanding the current tri-borough MST pilot to prioritise gang members (12-17 years, with conduct disorder and a history of offending) All these recommendations should be fully evaluated when implemented. Details: London: Inner North West London Tri-borough Public Health Department, 2013. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2017 at: http://www.mac-uk.org/wped/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Mental-Health-and-Gangs-Report-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.mac-uk.org/wped/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Mental-Health-and-Gangs-Report-2013.pdf Shelf Number: 147635 Keywords: Gangs Mental Health Services Psychological InterventionsYouth Gangs |