Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:50 am
Time: 11:50 am
Results for racial minorities
2 results foundAuthor: Mullen, Jess Title: The Young Review: Improving outcomes for young black and/or Muslim men in the Criminal in the Criminal Justice System. Summary: The disproportionately high numbers of black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) offenders and the poor outcomes they face in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) have been drawn to the attention of successive governments, voluntary and public sector agencies for decades. The situation has frequently been the subject of independent scrutiny and attempted institutional reform. Yet despite this, poor results persist; arguably, we have now reached a critical point. The figures should be of great concern to all those with an interest in crime prevention and reduction and the rehabilitation of offenders. For example: - There is greater disproportionality in the number of black people in prisons in the UK than in the United States. - 13.1% of prisoners self identify as black, compared with approximately 2.9% of the over 18 population recorded in the 2011 Census. - Similarly Muslim prisoners account for 13.4% of the prison population compared with 4.2 % in the 2011 Census. - This figure has risen sharply since 2002 when Muslim prisoners were 7.7% of the prison population. Starting its work in October 2013, one of the main aims of the Young Review has been to consider how existing knowledge regarding the disproportionately negative outcomes experienced by black and Muslim male offenders may be applied in the significantly changed environment introduced under the Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) reforms. We convened a Task Group comprising ex-offenders and representatives from the voluntary, statutory, private and academic sectors to advise and help shape the Young Review. We set up discussion groups with service users, in prison and community settings, along with organisations that provide services to them. We also met with a range of representatives from statutory agencies and independent providers in the CJS. Our findings and recommendations are based on these discussions and meetings, and an examination of the available literature and data relating to young black and/or Muslim offenders. In focusing on this particular demographic, we are immediately presented with the challenge of current methodologies employed in collecting and analysing information. Most existing data and research focuses on all people of BAME origin and of all ages and/or faiths. Where data is disaggregated, broad categories such as 'mixed origin' or Muslim are used, when neither group is culturally or ethnically homogeneous. In addition, not all criminal justice agencies use the same categories for ethnic origin data. BAME representation in the prison population is heavily influenced by age with many more young BAME male prisoners than older ones. In addition in the youth estate BAME disproportionality is even starker with 43% of 15-17 year olds coming from such backgrounds; this is a concerning sign for the potential future make up of the adult prison population. Whatever the shortcomings of the data, there is ample evidence demonstrating the high proportions of young black and/or Muslim men at all stages of the CJS compared to all other groups reporting the least positive perceptions of prison life8 and referring to the negative impact of being perceived through racialised stereotypes. The poorer outcomes we highlight for these young men exist within a wider context of over representation for this group at the earlier stages of the CJS and a pattern of multiple disadvantage in other areas of social policy. Details: London: Barrow Cadbury Trust, 2014. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2015 at: http://www.clinks.org/sites/default/files/basic/files-downloads/clinks_young-review_report_final-web_0.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.clinks.org/sites/default/files/basic/files-downloads/clinks_young-review_report_final-web_0.pdf Shelf Number: 134481 Keywords: Male Offenders (U.K.)Minority OffendersMuslim PrisonersRacial DisparitiesRacial MinoritiesYoung Offenders |
Author: Wortley, Scot Title: Police Use of Force in Ontario: An Examination of Data from the Special Investigations Unit Summary: Police use of force against racial minorities has emerged as one of the most controversial issues facing the law enforcement community in North America. In the United States, high profile incidents involving police use of force - including the Rodney King, Abner Louima and Amadou Diallo cases - often serve to increase tensions between racial minority communities and the police and solidify the public perception that the police are racially biased (Walker 2005; Walker et al. 2004; Joseph et al. 2003). The negative impact of police violence on community cohesion can be profound. For example, over the past twenty years, specific incidents of police violence against racial minorities have sparked major urban riots in several cities including Miami, Cinncinati and Los Angeles. Police use of force against racial minorities has also emerged as an important issue in Canada. As in the United States, well publicized police shootings in Ontario and Quebec - including the cases of Dudley George, Jeffrey Roedica, Lester Donaldson, Allen Gosset, Sophia Cook, Buddy Evans, Wade Lawson and Marlon Neal - have led to community allegations of police discrimination. Unfortunately, unlike the United States, very little empirical research has actually addressed the question of whether the police are more likely to use physical force against racial minorities than Whites (see discussion in Forcese 1999: 181-184). The following report attempts to address the gap in Canadian research by: 1) Providing a detailed literature review on police use of force against minorities in Canada and the United States; 2) Describing the results of a focus group with leaders from Toronto's Black community on the issue of police use of force; and 3) providing the results of a new study on police use of force in Ontario using data from the province's Special Investigations Unit. The report concludes with a discussion of different explanatory models that might help explain the overrepresentation of African Canadians and Aboriginals in police use of force statistics. Recommendations for reducing the illegitimate use of force by the police are provided. Particular emphasis is placed on reducing police use of force against racial minority communities. Details: Toronto: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto, 2012. 126p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 31, 2015 at: https://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/inquiries/ipperwash/policy_part/projects/pdf/AfricanCanadianClinicIpperwashProject_SIUStudybyScotWortley.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: https://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/inquiries/ipperwash/policy_part/projects/pdf/AfricanCanadianClinicIpperwashProject_SIUStudybyScotWortley.pdf Shelf Number: 136631 Keywords: Deadly ForceMinority GroupsPolice Use of ForceRacial DisparitiesRacial Minorities |