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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 11:37 am
Time: 11:37 am
Results for routine activities theory
2 results foundAuthor: Duru, Haci Title: Crime on Turkish Streetblocks: An Examination of the Effects of High-Schools, On-Premise Alcohol Outlets, and Coffeehouses. Summary: This dissertation examines the relationships between three specific types of places, including high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, and Turkish coffeehouses, and crime on Turkish streetblocks. Its theoretical framework is grounded in an environmental criminology approach. Research hypotheses are derived from an integration of routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, social disorganization theory, and multilevel criminal opportunity theory. For each of the target places, (high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, Turkish coffeehouses), it is hypothesized that as the number of the target places (e.g., high schools) on a streetblock increases, the number of crimes also increases on that streetblock. Further, this relationship is hypothesized to be moderated by neighborhood level social disorganization variables. The data for this research come from four different sources. The crime data come from the Bursa Police Department, Turkey. The locations of crime incidents and places are plotted on electronic maps of streetblocks and neighborhoods of Bursa. The map files, including the maps of high schools and on-premise alcohol outlets, come from the Bursa Police Department as well. The locations of Turkish coffeehouses come from the Bursa Chamber of Commerce/Coffeehouses. Neighborhood level social disorganization variables come from the Turkish Statistical Institution. The LandScan 2008 Dataset is used to construct a measure of population at risk. The data are analyzed using the multilevel multivariate Poisson modeling (HGLM) technique (Raudenbush and Earl 2002). The research hypotheses are tested for total crimes, as well as for specific types of crime (i.e., violent crime, burglary, theft, auto-theft, and theft from auto). The results of the analyses indicate that, overall, as the number of target places (e.g., high schools) increases on a streetblock, the number of crimes also increases. The strength of this relationship varies by the type of place (i.e., it is strongest in on-premise alcohol outlets models and weakest in high schools models) and the type of crime. This relationship is also moderated by neighborhood social disorganization. More specifically, overall, neighborhood heterogeneity and economic disadvantage strengthens, and neighborhood instability and family disruption weakens the relationship. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed. There are several limitations of this research. These include problems regarding the temporal ordering of the variables and technical issues regarding the map files (i.e., ambiguity regarding some streetblocks, boundary streets, locations of crime incidents and business places), and limited measures of business places and indicators of social disorganization variables. Possible effects of these limitations on the findings are discussed. With these limitations in mind, this study shows that a multilevel criminal opportunity theory is generalizable to Turkish streetblocks and neighborhoods. Details: Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Criminal Justice, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 15, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Year: 7526 Country: Turkey URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Shelf Number: 122737 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNeighborhoods and Crime (Turkey)Routine Activities TheorySocial DisorganizationStreet Crime |
Author: Wyckoff, Laura Ann Title: Moving Social Disorder Around Which Corner? A Case Study of Spatial Displacement and Diffusion of Benefits Summary: Prior research seeking to understand the spatial displacement of crime and diffusion of intervention benefits has suggested that place-based opportunities - levels and types of guardianship, offenders, and targets - explain spatial intervention effects to places proximate to a targeted intervention area. However, there has been no systematic test of this relationship. This dissertation uses observational and interview data to examine the relationship, in two street-level markets, between place-based opportunities and spatial displacement and diffusion of social disorder. The street segment is the unit of analysis for this study, since research shows crime clusters at this level and it is a unit small enough to accurately represent the context for street-level crime opportunities. The study begins by investigating if catchment area (an area proximate to an intervention area) segments with similar opportunities to the target area segments differentially experienced parallel intervention effects as compared to segments with dissimilar opportunity factors. These analyses resulted in null findings. The second set of analyses examined if place-based opportunities predicted the segments which fall into a high diffusion group or a displacement group, as compared to a low/moderate group. These analyses resulted in primarily null findings, except for the measures of public flow and the average level of place manager responsibility which positively predicted the segments in the high diffusion group, as compared to the low/moderate diffusion group. A third set of analyses was also performed where the outcome measure was the odds of the occurrence of a social disorder incident in a measured situation period in the segment during the intervention. These analyses revealed that the situations within segments which had a greater number of possible targets and offenders with a lack of guardianship were more likely to experience incidents of social disorder, reinforcing past findings about the relationship between social disorder and opportunities at place. Place-based opportunity factors are likely important factors in understanding parallel spatial intervention effects, but the null findings suggest additional research is needed to better understand these effects. Details: College Park, MD: University of Maryland, 2011. 253p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed December 4, 2012 at: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/11929/1/Wyckoff_umd_0117E_12485.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/11929/1/Wyckoff_umd_0117E_12485.pdf Shelf Number: 127126 Keywords: Crime and PlaceCrime Displacement of CrimeDiffusion of BenefitsGeographic Distribution of CrimePolice InterventionsRoutine Activities Theory |