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Date: November 22, 2024 Fri
Time: 12:22 pm
Time: 12:22 pm
Results for shipping industry
4 results foundAuthor: Surtees, Rebecca Title: Trafficked at Sea. The exploitation of Ukrainian seafarers and fishers Summary: The blight of slavery continues to afflict our world today, on a far greater scale and in far more insidious forms than many of us realise. This paper addresses a manifestation of human trafficking that has yet to receive the attention it deserves from policymakers, practitioners or prosecutors around the world: seafarers and fishermen trapped for their labour at sea. The men interviewed for this report, young and old, experienced and novice, were led through a calculated maze into a world of imprisonment at sea, backbreaking labour, sleep deprivation, crippling and untreated illness, and, for the least fortunate, death. These men, seeking honest work at sea, ended up on slave ships without means of escape or reasonable prospects for rescue. Their unsettling stories are echoed by the experience of men in a number of countries around the world. Countries must find new ways to end the impunity of these floating safe havens for traffickers. This report also shines a bright light on the role played by unscrupulous labour recruiters, who repeatedly spin their deceptions to lure these men into the trap that waits for them at sea. In such cases, the recruiters are an integral part of a trafficking scheme under international instruments such as the UN Protocol to Prevent Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons and the governments of the countries in which they operate – in most cases in the home countries where the men are citizens and live – need to investigate and prosecute these recruiters, and the agencies they work for, as traffickers. Trafficking for forced labour has historically received less recognition than the more sensational sex trafficking cases. But as the groundbreaking research that forms the basis for this paper reveals, labour trafficking at sea is every bit as inhumane, and in dire need of a solution, as any form of slavery practiced today. This paper attempts to lay the groundwork for that solution by providing insight into the nature of this form of trafficking, analysis of its causes and patterns and recommendations for how to move forward. This report represents some of the very first in-depth research on the issue of seafarers and fishers as victims of trafficking. The importance of increasing popular awareness of this phenomenon and of encouraging governments, organisations, and individuals to take action on it, cannot be overemphasised. It was in that light that the NEXUS Institute, with support from IOM, was inspired to dig deeper into this understudied yet critical issue. The challenges confronting the international community in addressing trafficking at sea are not few and they do not lend themselves to easy solutions. The very nature of trafficking at sea—the mobility of the vessels used, its camouflage within the traditional seafaring industry and the illegal fishing market that funds it, among other characteristics —make it one of the most challenging forms of human trafficking to seek out and eradicate. But that eradication remains, as ever, our goal. Details: Geneva, SWIT: International Organization for Migration; Washington, DC: NEXUS Institute, 2012. 140p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2013 at: http://www.nexusinstitute.net/publications/pdfs/Trafficked%20at%20sea%20web.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Ukraine URL: http://www.nexusinstitute.net/publications/pdfs/Trafficked%20at%20sea%20web.pdf Shelf Number: 128602 Keywords: FishermenForced LaborHuman TraffickingMaritime CrimesShipping Industry |
Author: Whitman, S. Title: Dalhousie Marine Piracy Project: The Root Causes and True Costs of Marine Piracy Summary: Although the Socio Economic Module Draft Report conceptualizes piracy as an economic crime, it also considers political, social, and historical facts associated with piratical activity. The overall aim is to provide a report that may lead to more proactive approaches to combatting piracy in the future by considering the root causes and how to prevent future outbreaks. The Socio Economic Module was tasked with investigating two major themes under the broader DMPP project, including: 1) The cost of piracy: the effect piracy is having on the commercial shipping, including responses by the shipping and insurance industry, and uses of risk management, including the safety of seafarers. 2) The prevention of piracy: considering the social, political and economic factors which contribute to the emergence of piracy, including and exploration of parallels between child soldiers and loss of livelihoods following natural disasters. In order to address the broader themes listed above, the Socio Economic Module took a comparative case study approach to its research, focusing on geographic regions that are currently affected by piratical activity. This includes: Southeast Asia, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Aden, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Such an approach allowed us to identify both specific and common socio-economic factors related to piracy by tracing its origins and evolution. The global analysis of the root causes of piracy can be summarized as follows: 1) Economic Root Causes: a. The relatively high chances of substantial income; b. The relatively low costs of and attack; c. The relatively low opportunity costs and economic risks. 2) Social Root Causes: a. Maritime Capacity and tradition in a region; b. The ability to gain social status through piracy; c. The existence of grievance; d. The existence of community support for piracy. 3) Political Root Causes: a. The existence of corruption within the state; b. The presence of armed groups; c. Limited state capacity; d. Regional disputes. Given these root causes, it is a challenge to address how to prevent the occurrence of maritime piracy. The Socio Economic Module seeks to provide new theoretical paradigms through which to address piracy: 1) Conflict Prevention Theory requires a multi-pronged approach that requires sincere commitment to short, medium and long-term objectives. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine should be born in mind and applied to the piracy problematique. 2) Addressing the Demand side of the problem in terms of the lessons learned from the drug and human trafficking paradigms provides potential remedies. The inelasticity in the demand for piracy has undermined the operational and security-centric interventions to date. 3) Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalization need to be considered as piracy is a profit making business that has benefitted from globalized markets and technology. Can the remedies to piracy be found in the principles of corporate social responsibility – through the creation of programmes, taxes, and infrastructure development that impacts poverty levels, unemployment, and violence and corruption levels in the regions where piracy exists? Key areas for further research that have been identified include: 1) the Environmental impacts on piracy; 2) Latin America and emerging trends; 3) Links to the small arms trade; 4) Links to human trafficking; 5) Links to the drug trade; 6) Human costs of piracy; 7) The relationship between subsistence pirates and organized pirates; 8) Gender dimensions of piracy. Details: Halifax, Nova Scotia: Dalhousie University, 2012. 135p. Source: Internet Resource: Marine Affairs Program Technical Report #1: Accessed May 21, 2013 at: http://marineaffairsprogram.dal.ca/Files/MAP_Technical_Report_%231.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://marineaffairsprogram.dal.ca/Files/MAP_Technical_Report_%231.pdf Shelf Number: 128770 Keywords: Economics of CrimeMaritime CrimesPiracy/PiratesShipping Industry |
Author: Dugato, Marco Title: Maritime Piracy Worldwide Summary: The phenomenon of maritime piracy dates back to the beginning of seafaring. Since the 1980s, maritime piracy has re-emerged as an international problem because of a significant rise in the recorded attacks. The security of maritime routes is a matter of concern for national governments, ship owners and trade companies whose vessels face the risk of being robbed of their cargo or hijacked for a ransom. Maritime piracy is a complex phenomenon that, according to the definition used, comprises different criminal behaviours (e.g., theft, robbery, kidnapping), modus operandi (e.g., massive armed attacks, insiders, use of skiffs and mother ships) and targets (e.g., the goods carried on the ship, the belongings of the crew, the ship itself). These features may change over time and over space. Looking at the evolution and peculiarities of this phenomenon in different areas can help to identify regularities and implement more effective countermeasures. In recent years, Transcrime has been active in promoting the idea that actual reductions of complex crime phenomena can be reached through specific prevention strategies. This approach relies on accurate analyses of the available data to identify regular patterns and risk factors. This study summarises some of the findings that emerged from the research Transcrime conducted on maritime piracy, using a comparative approach. Details: Trento: Transcrime - Universita degli Studi di Trento, 2015. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Transcrime Research in Brief no. 1: Accessed march 16, 2015 at: http://www.transcrime.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/maritime-piracy.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://www.transcrime.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/maritime-piracy.pdf Shelf Number: 134932 Keywords: Cargo TheftMaritime Crime (International:Piracy/PiratesShipping IndustryStolen PropertyTheft of Goods |
Author: Policy Research Corporation Title: The impact of 100% scanning of U.S.-bound containers on maritime transport Summary: On the 3rd of August 2007 former President Bush signed into law the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act which requires the scanning of all U.S.-bound containers by radiation detection and non-intrusive inspection equipment at a foreign port before being loaded on a vessel. At the European Commission level it was agreed to prepare a "long-term assessment of the impact of 100% scanning in order to be ready for the discussion with the new U.S. Congress and administration". The study ‘The impact of 100% scanning of U.S.-bound containers’ was awarded to Policy Research Corporation and analyzes the impact of the obligation of 100% scanning of U.S.- bound containers before shipping: - on port facilities and ports, including their competitiveness; - on transport towards ports and on adjacent regions; - and finally also on the U.S. production using components shipped via European ports. The study started in October 2008 with an extensive literature search, in particular legal documents and papers considering the operation and economic impact of the 100% scanning rule. In a second phase data collection was combined with a series of interviews and field trips, directed to Port Authorities, Terminal Operating Companies, transport operators, professional associations, forwarders and any other stakeholders. For these interviews and field trips a selection was made of 14 European ports including the main U.S.-bound containerized cargo. Details: Antwerp: European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport, 2009. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 21, 2016 at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/security/studies/doc/2009_04_scanning_containers.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Europe URL: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/security/studies/doc/2009_04_scanning_containers.pdf Shelf Number: 147790 Keywords: Cargo SecurityMaritime CrimeMaritime TransportShipping IndustryTransportation Security |