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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for sports
22 results foundAuthor: Adang, Otto Title: Policing Football in Europe: Experiences from Peer Review Evaluation Teams Summary: Large scale public order police operations are a regular occurrence in almost every country, both in the context of sporting events and protest demonstrations. A model developed by Adang in 2000 for the evaluation of large scale police operations in general was developed and applied in practice during the Euro 2000 and 2004 football championships. This report presents the results from this evaluation. Details: Apeldoorn, The Netherlands: Politie - Police Academy of the Netherlands, 2008. 244p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: Europe URL: Shelf Number: 116476 Keywords: Crisis ManagementFootballHooliganismPolicingPublic Order DisturbancesPublic Order ManagementSports |
Author: Ahmad, Naureen Title: Evaluation of the Cashback for Communities 'Schools of Football' Programme Summary: In 2002 the Proceeds of Crime Act ( POCA) was passed, whereby monies acquired by criminal activity could be seized by the state. The Act allowed the government to take the money and any assets that had been gained by illegal means such as drug trafficking, theft and fraud etc. In June 2007 Ministers announced that they would use the funds recovered from criminals under the Proceeds of Crime Act in a positive way by launching CashBack for Communities, a programme providing a range of positive activities for young people. The Scottish Government is committed to providing opportunities to all young people in Scotland, which it is hoped will enable them to become successful learners, confident individuals, effective contributors and responsible citizens. The 'CashBack for Communities' programme has been running since 2008. The aim of the 'CashBack for Communities' programme is to use the proceeds of crime to expand young people's horizons and increase the opportunities they have to develop their interests and skills in an enjoyable, fulfilling and supported way. The Government's intention is to support an expanded range of activities for young people that helps their long-term personal and physical development. The activities provided are, where possible, open to all young people, but resources are focussed in those communities which are at most risk of anti-social behaviour and crime. The activities seek to increase the levels of participation in diversionary activities which will aim to help increase the positive long-term outcomes for those who take part. This report presents the findings of an evaluation of the Schools of Football pilot programme. The aims of the SoF, which runs in areas of high deprivation, is to improve attendance, attainment and discipline through providing daily football coaching to young people who are most likely to benefit from participating. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2010. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 17, 2010 at: Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 120542 Keywords: Delinquency Prevention (U.K.)Sports |
Author: Buettner, Cynthia K. Title: Parties, Police, and Pandimonium: An Exploratory Study of Mixed-Issue Campus Disturbances Summary: This dissertation explores mixed-issue campus disturbances (celebratory riots), which are defined as a public conflict between aggregates of participants (mostly students) and authorities (usually the police) that did not begin as an issue-based protest gathering. These disturbances have increased in number and intensity over the past two decades, and the severity of the problem, in danger to students and public safety personnel as well as in financial costs, has prompted a variety of untested actions by universities and communities. In an effort to develop a comprehensive description and a conceptual framework for further research, this mixed-method study combined a qualitative examination of student and public accounts of the disturbance that occurred after the 2002 Ohio State University/University of Michigan football game with data obtained through two quantitative surveys; one of administrators representing 31 universities and one of OSU students experiences with off-campus parties. Despite underage drinking laws that prohibit young adults from drinking until age 21, students report, “drinking is the major glue that bonds students.” Student parties (typically in student off-campus housing neighborhoods) provide a place for students to drink with friends (over 70% reported attending an off-campus party at least once a month). Large gatherings of students at parties appear to attract “entrepreneurs,” people (many of whom are not students at the university) intent on precipitating and participating in anti-social (car tipping, arson, etc.) behavior. As police take action to break up the parties before trouble begins or to apprehend the “entrepreneurs,” they often invoke negative responses from the partiers. Bystanders inadvertently affected by large-scale police tactics against partygoers and/or entrepreneurs, often join in the confrontation with the police in response to feeling unjustly harmed. Analysis of student comments indicates that for 18-21 year olds, an underlying issue is the minimum drinking age and police and university tactics used to enforce it. This suggests further research into police training and response to gatherings of students is needed. The prevention efforts employed by universities also require additional thought and research, as student comments suggest that most of the efforts currently in practice are likely to fail. Details: Columbus, OH: Ohio State University, 2004. 221p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=osu1085677892 Year: 2004 Country: United States URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=osu1085677892 Shelf Number: 121205 Keywords: Campus CrimeCampus DisturbancesColleges and UniversitiesRiotsSportsUnderage Drinking |
Author: LaBoucane-Benson, Patti Title: Soccer Moms are Part of the Solution "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Volunteer-Based Gang Prevention Initiative" Summary: Gang crime prevention is a large, all encompassing descriptor that includes a variety of actions that are taken at the community, municipal, provincial and national levels. For government and policy makers, crime prevention is most often the creation of legislation, policy and funding for services (correctional, policing or justice) that focuses on the reduction and prevention of crime. At the community level, crime prevention can be purposeful, community-based mobilization of members to prevent crime in their communities or may be the result of community member actions that are not necessarily intended to prevent crimes, but nonetheless clearly result in crime. The research presented here begins with a case study of community mobilization that took place in Edmonton, Alberta in 2008. Names and information pertaining to children and community members involved in this action have been changed to protect their privacy. The event itself is recounted using narrative methodology that relates the details of the events in a coherent, holistic story that is based upon interviews with key informants who were part of the narrative. In general, the narrative describes how two self-described “soccer moms” reached out to connect Aboriginal and refugee children to soccer, and how these actions not only had an impact on these children but also describes how these acts triggered a series of actions that lead to the development of summer recreational and cultural programming for 100 children a week for a six–week period. It is a story of how change is created in the community by individuals who set out to the open doors of opportunity to vulnerable children. Details: Ottawa: Aboriginal Corrections Policy Unit, Public Safety Canada, 2009. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 7, 2012 at: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/res/cor/apc/apc-31-eng.aspx Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/res/cor/apc/apc-31-eng.aspx Shelf Number: 125498 Keywords: Crime Prevention, Gangs 00 Voluntary and CommunityDelinquency PreventionGangsSportsVolunteers (Canada) |
Author: Great Britain. Positive Futures Team, Home Office Title: Positive Futures: impact report: End of season review Summary: Positive Futures is a national sports-based social inclusion programme, managed up to the end of March 2006 from within the Home Office Drug Strategy Directorate. It is currently delivered through 115 local partnership projects located throughout England and Wales. This is the third impact report produced by Positive Futures. It provides details of the programme’s progress in the final year of its three-year strategy, and looks at what the future holds as Positive Futures moves into its next phase of development. This report looks at Positive Futures’ success in meeting the commitments set out in the strategy document before addressing the delivery of programmes and associated achievements of the young people involved. Following this, it outlines the wider work undertaken to build an infrastructure for the ongoing delivery of sportsbased social inclusion work. Finally, as the third phase of the programme’s development comes to a close, the report looks at the new opportunities presented as Positive Futures moves into its next phase of development. Details: London: Treatment and Young People Drugs Unit, Positive Futures Team, Home Office, 2006. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2012 at http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/6207/1/pf-impact-report%3Fview%3DBinary Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/6207/1/pf-impact-report%3Fview%3DBinary Shelf Number: 126088 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior, Juveniles (U.K.)At-Risk Youth (U.K.)Delinquency Prevention (U.K.)Evaluative StudiesSports |
Author: Aston, Elizabeth Title: Evaluation of Glasgow Housing Association's Youth Diversionary Programme Summary: Glasgow Housing Association (GHA), in addition to its role in social housing provision, is engaged in a wider range of activities intended to promote safe, inclusive and sustainable environments and enhance tenant and resident wellbeing. GHA co-funds these activities principally through its Wider Action Fund (WAF), working in partnership with tenants and homeowners, local housing organisations (LHOs) and other registered social landlords (RSLs) and a range of other agencies. Youth diversionary projects are one dimension of the WAF programme, others include health improvement, employability, and financial inclusion initiatives. Youth diversionary projects supported by GHA vary in terms of their aims, scope, coverage, content and stage of development and range from strategic partnerships at national and citywide level to more localised level initiatives. To assist with funding decisions in this area and to build an evidence base, GHA commissioned an evaluation of a selection of its youth diversionary programmes in 2007. This evaluation was conducted between October 2007 and November 2008 as a nested study within the wider GoWell research programme. The evaluation combined qualitative and quantitative research methods, studying three youth diversionary projects with different characteristics. The evaluation comprised of interviews and focus groups with project participants, local residents and stakeholders (both directly involved in the projects and others). The evaluation also involved a survey of participants and the analysis of several sources of secondary data on crime and anti-social behaviour (ASB). This incorporation of the views of local residents, young people, and project stakeholders on the performance and effects of the projects is a particular strength of the evaluation. From the 22 Youth Diversionary projects run by GHA we selected three to study in detail: Operation Reclaim (OR): Operating in five sites across the North-East of the city since summer 2007 providing coached sporting and physical activities for large numbers of young people, plus mentoring support for education, training and progression towards employment. Participate (P8): Operating in the Shawbridge Estate in the South-West of the city since January 2008 providing individual level support for personal, social and educational development to ten ‘disaffected’ young people. Jedworth Avenue (JA): Operating in the Drumchapel Estate in the North-West of the city, completing in summer 2007 providing individual level activities for six young offenders, including cognitive behavioural therapy and training opportunities. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Community Health and Wellbeing Research and Learning Programme, 2010. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2012 at: Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126164 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorAt-Risk Youth (U.K.)Cognitive Behavioral TherapyDisorderly ConductDiversion, JuvenilesHousingSports |
Author: Sport England Title: Positive Futures: A Review of Impact and Good Practice - Individual Project Reports Summary: In September 2001 Leisure Futures was commissioned by Sport England to carry out a “Review of impact and good practice” on a range of revenue funded schemes included in two of its main ‘branded’ programmes - Active Communities and Positive Futures. The aim of the research was to: Carry out a ‘short and sharp’ review of the sporting and broader social impacts of the Active Communities and Positive Futures projects that will provide evidence of what has been achieved to date, identify good practice, and inform and help to shape future investment decisions in these and related programmes. The more specific objectives of the research were: To provide a report of achievement for each project against its stated objectives relating these as far as possible to Sport England’s evaluation framework and key indicators; Based on the evidence available, identify good practice and make practical recommendations on how this can be extended more widely to both existing and future projects; To provide a summary report that identifies achievements across the programmes generally using a thematic issues based approach; and To learn lessons and make recommendations that will help to shape Sport England’s longer-term approaches to evaluation and impact assessment. Details: London: Sport England, 2002. 69p. Source: Library Resource: Available at Don M. Gottfredson Library of Criminal Justice. Year: 2002 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126169 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior, Juveniles (U.K.)At-Risk Youth (U.K.)Delinquency Prevention (U.K.)Evaluative StudiesSports |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Positive Futures Impact Report: Staying in Touch Summary: This is the second impact report produced by Positive Futures. It provides details of the programme’s progress in the second year of its current three-year strategy, as described in Cul-de-sacs and gateways. What is Positive Futures? Positive Futures is a national sports-based social inclusion programme managed within the Home Office Drug Strategy Directorate. It is currently delivered through 108 local partnership projects that are located throughout England and Wales. Launched in March 2000, Positive Futures is now in Phase 3 of its development. During this phase there has been considerable expansion in the number of projects and range of activity and a broadening of the national support structures. While last year’s impact report focused primarily on the programme’s achievements in engaging with young people in the first year of the new strategy (which coincided with an expansion of the programme from 67 to 108 projects), this report is principally concerned with the nature and strength of the relationships subsequently established with participants and how these relationships have been sustained. Positive Futures defines itself as a ‘relationship strategy’, which uses sport and other activities to establish relationships with young people who are regarded as being ‘socially marginalised’. This report focuses on the following elements of the relationship building process: • engagement • sport and other activities • moving beyond sport • ensuring continuity. In doing so, this report aims to provide an assessment of the programme’s overall achievements while also conveying a deeper sense of the relationship building process that lies behind those achievements. Details: London: Home Office, Positive Futures Team, 2006. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 13, 2012 at: Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126324 Keywords: At-Risk Youth (U.K.)Delinquency PreventionSports |
Author: Meenagh, Ann Title: Leisure, Organised Sport and Antisocial Behaviour an Examination of Youth’s Involvement in Leisure, Organised Sports and its Effect on Antisocial Behaviour Summary: Over the last ten years national strategies and policies placed youth at the forefront of their developments. Particular attention has been placed on antisocial behaviour and the appropriate punishments and rehabilitation methods. Programmes have been developed with the objective to deter antisocial behaviours with little empirical support to justify them. This study aims to determine whether youth’s involvement in leisure and sport has any effect on their involvement in antisocial or delinquent behaviour. This is mainly achieved through the quantitative research method of a survey. Sixty-five people aged between 14-20 years old from two contrasting educational institutions in Dublin were surveyed. The survey was designed based on other surveys conducted in this field of study. The research found that males were more likely to be involved in antisocial and delinquent behaviour than females. The research also found that participant’s who were involvement in organised sports were less likely to be involved in antisocial behaviour compared to participant’s who were not involved in organised sports. Further research in this area of study is recommended in order to improve current programmes and to develop new programmes. Details: Dublin: Dublin Institute of Technology, 2011. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Masters Dissertation: Accessed September 14, 2012 at: http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=aaschssldis&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dmeenagh%2520%2522leisure%252C%2520organised%2520sport%2522%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D2%26ved%3D0CCYQFjAB%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Farrow.dit.ie%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1031%2526context%253Daaschssldis%26ei%3DfC1TUNjZNZKc8gSMq4Fw%26usg%3DAFQjCNE5NqaLEpJT5APzlda7Fc6wxs7SHg#search=%22meenagh%20leisure%2C%20organised%20sport%22 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=aaschssldis&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dmeenagh%2520%2522leisure%252C%2520organised%2520sport%2522%26source%3Dweb Shelf Number: 126348 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorAt-risk YouthDelinquency PreventionLeisure ActivitiesRehabilitation ProgramsSports |
Author: Australian Crime Commission Title: Organised Crime and Drugs in Sport: New Generation Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs and Organised Criminal Involvement in their Use in Professional Sport Summary: In 2011, the Australian Crime Commission (ACC) highlighted threats to the integrity of professional sport and concluded that there was potential for organised crime to infiltrate sport in Australia, as has occurred overseas. Data from the ACC’s 2010–11 Illicit Drug Data Report indicated that the market for Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs) has expanded, with record numbers of seizures, detections and arrests and increasing reports by users that they were injecting them. The ACC also received information from the Australian Sports Anti- Doping Authority (ASADA), as part of the ACC’s routine monitoring of all illicit drug markets, which suggested a potential threat to a number of sports from the use of new generation PIEDs. In early 2012, the ACC, with the assistance of ASADA1, began a project to consider the extent of use of PIEDs by professional athletes, the size of this market and the extent of organised criminal involvement. This project focused particularly on a new form of PIEDs, known collectively as peptides and hormones. These substances may provide effects similar to anabolic steroids and are considered by users to be next generation PIEDs. Some of these substances are perceived by athletes to be undetectable, making them attractive to those seeking to gain an unfair advantage. This report provides a summary of findings from this project. In particular, the ACC has now identified use of these substances, which are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), by professional athletes in a number of sports in Australia. Widespread use has been identified or is suspected in a number of professional sporting codes. In detailing the nature and extent of this threat to the professional sporting industry and the Australian Community, this report provides an important opportunity for Government, regulatory bodies and the sporting industry to address these issues head on. Details: Canberra: Australian Crime Commission, 2013. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: http://resources.news.com.au/files/2013/02/07/1226572/544748-acc-reoport.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://resources.news.com.au/files/2013/02/07/1226572/544748-acc-reoport.pdf Shelf Number: 127556 Keywords: AthletesDrug Abuse and CrimeOrganized Crime (Australia)Sports |
Author: Landale, Sarah A. Title: Trajectories, Transitions and Turning Points: Sports, Substance Misuse and Desistance Summary: Despite well-established health benefits of physical exercise (Department of Health 2004; 2010; Pang et al., 2008), sport has played relatively little part in adult alcohol and drug treatment programmes. Limited research examines the contribution sporting programmes may make to people in their recovery from addiction. However, natural recovery research (overcoming addiction without formal treatment) identifies that meaningful activities are a key part of resolving alcohol and drug problems. At six-month intervals, this study conducted three individual, in-depth interviews with 19 male adults with substance misuse problems. They were engaging regularly on Second Chance, a sports programme for socially excluded groups, as part of their recovery from addiction. The study identified two patterns of behaviour. One group were desisting. In addition to Second Chance they had occupations which provided them with networks of support, and their narratives reflected hope and self-efficacy. The second group had few occupations, low self-efficacy, and high levels of anxiety, and their time was spent with other similarly situated people. Employing a developmental, life course theory of informal social controls (Laub and Sampson 2003), this study prospectively examined desistance from substance misuse in the context of Second Chance. The theory suggests that desistance and persistence from crime can be meaningfully understood by examining individuals’ routine activities, informal social controls and agency. Turning points are a key concept in life course theories, defined as change in the long term pathway which was initiated at an earlier point in time (Elder 1998). This study suggested that Second Chance was a “window of opportunity for change” (Groshkova and Best 2011:33), within which a turning point was being experienced by some of the interviewees. The turning point was an identity transformation, and this was facilitated through a confluence of meaningful routine activities, informal social controls, and, personal agency. Details: Durham, UK: Durham University, School of Applied Social Sciences, 2011. 277p. Source: Internet Resource: Theses: Accessed March 1, 2013 at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3623/1/Thesis_-_landale,_s..pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3623/1/Thesis_-_landale,_s..pdf Shelf Number: 127746 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDesistance (U.K.)Rehabilitation ProgramsSportsSubstance AbuseTreatment Programs |
Author: Alpert, Geoff Title: Examining the Prevalence and Impact of Gangs in College Athletic Programs Using Multiple Sources: A Final Report Summary: Gangs in the United States have permeated areas and institutions previously unaffected by these anti-social and particularly violent youth groups until recent decades. Their geographic expansion has been documented by a substantial body of research that has focused primarily on the prevalence and impact of youth gangs in major American cities (e.g., Curry, Ball, & Fox, 1994; Miller, 1975). Contemporary research has demonstrated that these youth gangs have spread rapidly (e.g., Egley, Howell, & Moore, 2010; Klein, 1995) and the latest estimates provided by the 2008 National Youth Gang Survey suggest that approximately 27,900 gangs with 774,000 members exist in the United States (Egley, Howell, & Moore, 2010). The negative impact of youth gangs has also been well-established. Gang members have been disproportionately involved in delinquent and criminal activities as both offenders (Thornberry, 1998) and victims (Curry, Decker, & Egley, 2002; Peterson, Taylor, & Esbensen, 2004). Most notable has been their representation in violent crimes including homicides (Curry, Egley, & Howell, 2004; Miller, 1982; Tita & Abrahamse, 2004). Fortunately, most gang-involved youth have a relatively short duration of membership (Esbensen, Huizinga, & Weiher, 1993; Hill, Lui, & Hawkins, 2001; Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, & Chard-Wierschem, 1993) and interventions are focused on those stages in the life course during which the onset and continuity of gang activities is most likely to be established. Recent research has also examined the infiltration of youth gangs into various social institutions that serve youths and young adults in the United States. The existence of gangs in America’s schools has been repeatedly documented (e.g., Howell & Lynch, 2000; Tromanhauser, Corcoran, & Lollino, 1981) and these groups have negatively impacted individual students and the school as an organization (Burnett & Walz, 1994; Howell & Lynch, 2000; Hutchison & Kyle, 1993). In fact, there is a strong relationship between gangs and school crime (Burnett & Walz, 1994; Howell & Lynch, 2000), dropout rates (Hutchison & Kyle, 1993), and other anti-social outcomes. The problems posed by these groups in the larger communities served by those schools have created an inter-generational cycle of academic failure and criminal involvement. The presence of gangs in schools is not surprising considering the typical ages of gang members and the compulsory nature of our educational system. Gangs in the military, however, are counter-intuitive considering the structured and selective nature of this institution but their presence has been reported (United States Army, 2006; National Gang Intelligence Center, 2007). Youth gang members as student athletes in colleges and universities have surprised even the most attentive observers. This reality is startling considering that gang membership has been correlated with academic failure (Esbensen & Deschenes, 1998; Hill, Howell, Hawkins, & Battin-Pearson, 1999; Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, Smith, & Tobin, 2003) and serious criminal involvement as offenders (Curry, Egley, & Howell, 2004; Miller, 1982; Thornberry, 1998; Tita & Abrahamse, 2004). That said, media reports have documented that gang members have been recruited by college athletic programs (e.g., Davidson, 1986; Grumment, 1993; Hooper, 1997; LiCari & Hall, 1994; Schlabach, 2000) and a few reports have portrayed these student-athletes as involved with crimes including homicide (e.g., Berkin, 2004; Mushnick, 2004, Bosworth, 1991; and Radford, 2009), and as victims (e.g., Faught, 2003; Johnson, 2007). Interestingly, no systematic research has examined the extent of gangs in college athletic programs, an institution that is ubiquitous in American society. The purpose of the current study is to examine the prevalence and impact of ganginvolved student-athletes participating in collegiate athletic programs. First, we present a review of the existing literature regarding gangs generally as well as in several institutions to establish the context for our study of gang membership in college athletics. Next, the methodology of the present study is discussed, followed by the findings provided by college athletes, athletic department administrators, and campus law enforcement executives. These findings provide the first systematic examination of gangs in college sports from several sources that have first-hand knowledge of these programs and individuals. Lastly, policy implications of this study are presented. Details: Unpublished report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2011. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 12, 2013 at: http://artsandsciences.sc.edu/crju/pdfs/gangs_and_student_athletes_final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://artsandsciences.sc.edu/crju/pdfs/gangs_and_student_athletes_final.pdf Shelf Number: 127919 Keywords: AthletesAthleticsCampus CrimeColleges and UniversitiesSportsYouth Gangs (U.S.) |
Author: Mcghee, Sarah Theresa Title: Masculinity, Sexuality, and Soccer: An Exploration of Three Grassroots Sport-for-Social-Change Organizations in South Africa Summary: Programs that utilize soccer as a tool for social change are steadily emerging throughout townships and rural areas in South Africa, the most economically disadvantaged areas of the country. In South Africa, grassroots sport-for-social-change organizations are compensating for failed government policies and programs that seek to help at-risk youth. As a result, program staff are often members of the community who are not versed in academic critiques of the use of sport in development initiatives. Additionally, much of the existing literature on sport-for-social-change champions the advancement of specific projects without asking critical research questions, which should include the appropriateness of the modality within a given context. In this case, the complexities of using soccer (e.g., its practices, historical significance, and gendered meanings) have not been thoroughly investigated. Soccer is not a “genderless” tool for social change. Participation in violent sports such as soccer has been used to bolster claims of a naturalized dominance of men over women. Although participation by girls and young women in soccer programs (professional and recreational) is increasing in urban townships and rural areas, soccer pitches remain largely “masculinized spaces.” In this study, I use qualitative research methods to show how gendered discourses organize sport-for-social-change programs. Using Ashcraft and Mumby’s theory of feminist communicology and Connell and Messerschmidt’s reformulated theory of hegemonic masculinity, I examine three sport-for-social-change organizations in South Africa through an applied lens with a feminist standpoint. Semi-structured interviews with twelve key informants were conducted over a three-month period between May and August of 2009. All three organizations studied are grassroots organizations that work within a particular area of South Africa. They each target male children and youth between the ages of 6 and 19 from economically disadvantaged households and use soccer as a modality for social change, yet each organization operates within a different cultural context primarily based on participants’ racial, regional, and ethnic identities. My research found that masculine discourses were constructed, maintained, and contested in sport-for-social-change organizations through: (a) (Not) Engaging in (Social) Fatherhood, (b) Challenging the Temptation to Lead a Gangster Life and Have a “Gangster” Attitude, and (c) Challenging Patriarchy, Physical Assault, and Cultural “Traditions.” Discourses also created paradoxes that worked against the goal of contesting local hegemonic masculinities, although these paradoxes were not typically identified by organizational members. Although I found similarities in the influences of local discourses on organizations such as the lingering effects of The Group Areas Act on urban migration that influenced men’s roles within their families; the desire to create positive male role models that rejected characteristics associated with exemplars of hegemonic masculinity identified in each case study; and concerns about stopping the pattern of domestic violence prevalent in some communities, an issue that is also related to spread of HIV, I also found differences. Differences were based primarily on racial, regional and ethnic signifiers and affected the goals of each organization as well as the design of programs aimed at achieving these goals. Details: University of South Florica, Department of Communications, 2012. 227p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 25, 2013: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5564&context=etd Year: 2012 Country: South Africa URL: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5564&context=etd Shelf Number: 128495 Keywords: At-risk YouthDelinquency PreventionGender StudiesSports |
Author: Carnibella, Giovanni Title: Football violence in Europe A report to the Amsterdam Group Summary: The report contains an up-to-date review of research and theoretical approaches to football violence in Europe. The historical development of the problems in various countries is outlined. Specific attention is given to the role of the media, the emergence of overt racism at football matches and the alleged influence of alcohol consumption on violent behaviour. A principal aim of this report has been to present a clear, unbiased, but critical review of the literature on football violence in Europe. This we have attempted to do by standing back from the vested interests, academic or otherwise, of the individuals and research groups from whom the literature emanates and by judging the work in terms of available evidence and relevance to contemporary problems in Europe. This detachment has been difficult at times because one of the authors of this report established a fairly significant theoretical perspective on football hooliganism in the late 1970s. In keeping with the traditions of this field, he has also been soundly attacked by a number of other authors whose work is reviewed here. Nonetheless, this report is a collective effort and we would claim that a high degree of balance has been maintained. The input of a number of consultants and colleagues throughout Europe has added significantly to this objectivity. Details: Oxford, UK: Social Issues Research Centre, 1996. 168p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2013 at: http://www.sirc.org/publik/football_violence.pdf Year: 1996 Country: Europe URL: http://www.sirc.org/publik/football_violence.pdf Shelf Number: 128595 Keywords: Football HooliganismSoccer ViolenceSport Violence (Europe)Sports |
Author: Pritchard, David Title: Streetchance: Understanding the role StreetChance can play in reducing youth crime and anti-social behaviour Summary: The StreetChance programme is a partnership between the Cricket Foundation and Barclays Spaces for Sports which runs weekly cricket sessions for young people in some of the most deprived areas of the UK. The sessions are often supplemented by informal education classes that address topics such as gangs, knife crime and drug abuse, delivered by partner charities and individuals with experiences relevant to these issues. In some areas representatives of the local police force participate in the sessions. To date, more than 38,000 children and young people have participated in StreetChance projects. This paper discusses the potential benefits of StreetChance in the three outcome areas that are related to StreetChance's theory of change-namely its impact on community cohesion, crime and anti-social behaviour, and health. As well as reporting on surveys of participants, it also includes recommendations for programme design. Details: London: New Philanthropy Capital, 2014. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2014 at: http://www.thinknpc.org/publications/streetchance/ Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.thinknpc.org/publications/streetchance/ Shelf Number: 133318 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthDelinquency Prevention (U.K.)Sports |
Author: Sport England Title: Creating safer communities: Reducing anti-social behaviour and the fear of crime through sport Summary: This paper is one of a series of five papers aimed at policymakers and practitioners who are looking to use the 'power of sport' to help shape their local areas and to advocate the value of sport with partners to deliver local objectives. In focussing on the role sporting organisations and related projects can play in reducing anti-social behavior and the fear of crime the paper will be valuable to you because it: - highlights key national policy announcements, programmes and initiatives impacting on the environment within which community sport can be sustained, can grow and can contribute to the development of talented players; - presents the evidence to justify why community sport can contribute to a range of other shared priorities; and - shares case studies to bring to life the benefits to local communities and the enjoyment that people can get from being involved in sport. Details: London: Sport England, 2008. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2015 at: https://www.sportengland.org/media/91502/creating-safer-communities.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.sportengland.org/media/91502/creating-safer-communities.pdf Shelf Number: 135112 Keywords: Anti-social BehaviorDelinquency PreventionSports |
Author: Fink, Naureen Chowdhury Title: Thinking Outside the Box: Exploring the Critical Roles of Sports, Arts, and Culture in Preventing Violent Extremism Summary: Unlike traditional law-enforcement and military responses to terrorism and conflict, countering violent extremism (CVE) efforts take a preventive approach aimed at reducing the appeal and recruiting potential of extremist groups. Recent attacks across the world, such as those in Ottawa and Sydney, for example, have highlighted concerns about smaller groups and individuals who may be acting with little or no formal association with a terrorist group. Consequently, preventive approaches that serve to enhance early identification and response capacities have gained greater traction. The relative youth of foreign fighters traveling from both Western and non-Western countries to Iraq and Syria has also highlighted the need for creative and innovative interventions. However, despite the increased emphasis on countering violent extremism by governments and international actors like the Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF), preventive approaches have continued to focus on measures associated with criminal justice, law enforcement, and legal responses. The use of sports, arts, and culture is sometimes considered by policymakers and practitioners as too peripheral to security issues and yet extremist groups effectively utilize them in their narratives and recruitment strategies. Efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism have sought increasingly to engage youth, communities, and marginalized groups, including women, and sports, arts, and culture offer much underutilized platforms to address the ideologies and root causes of violent extremism. As the 2015 U.S. National Security Strategy notes, in the long term, such efforts "will be more important than our capacity to remove terrorists from the battlefield." To foster a more inclusive discourse on multidimensional approaches to preventing and addressing violent extremism, the Global Center on Cooperative Security and Hedayah, the International Center of Excellence for Countering Violent Extremism, have partnered on a series of workshops to bring together governments, practitioners, and experts to share lessons learned and best practices, as well as to inform the development and implementation of CVE policies and programs. One of these workshops, held at Hedayah in Abu Dhabi in May 2014, focused on the role of sports, arts, and culture in CVE efforts, particularly on the ways they might enhance educational initiatives to directly or indirectly contribute to CVE objectives. The workshop drew on, and complemented, other discussions that focused on the role of education and the roles of families and communities in countering violent extremism and enhancing community resilience, and projects focused on counternarratives and strategic communication, among others. This brief explores the history of cultural diplomacy and use of sports in conflict situations and draws on discussions at the May 2014 workshop, as well as desk research, to examine relevant lessons learned and good practices for integrating sports, arts, and culture into CVE efforts. It concludes with some practical policy and programming recommendations for policymakers and practitioners focusing on countering violent extremism. It is important to note that sports, arts, and cultural interventions for CVE purposes should take into consideration the local push and pull factors leading to radicalization and recruitment into violent extremism as well as the local context where these policies and programs will be carried out. That is, sports, arts, and cultural programming do not necessarily have to be specifically related to countering violent extremism, but this policy brief outlines ways in which sports, arts, and culture could be effectively integrated into CVE programming. Details: Washington, DC: Global Center on Cooperative Security, 2015. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Brief: Accessed April 25, 2015 at: http://www.globalcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/15Feb17_SAC_Brief_Hedayah_GlobalCenter.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://www.globalcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/15Feb17_SAC_Brief_Hedayah_GlobalCenter.pdf Shelf Number: 135391 Keywords: Extremist GroupsRadical GroupsRadicalizationSportsViolence PreventionsViolent Extremism |
Author: Jennings, Will Title: Mega-Events and Risk Colonisation: Risk Management and the Olympics Summary: This paper uses the idea of risk colonisation (Rothstein et al. 2006) to analyse how societal and institutional risks simultaneously make mega-events such as the Olympics a problematic site for risk management while contributing to the spread of the logic and formal managerial practice of risk management. It outlines how mega-events are linked to broader societal and institutional hazards and threats but at the same time induce their own unique set of organizational pathologies and biases. In this context, it is argued that the combination of societal and institutional risks create pressure for safety and security which in turn give rise to the growing influence of risk as an object of planning, operations and communication both in organisation of the Games and governance of the Olympic movement. This is consistent with the colonizing influence of risk over time: both in the creation of formal institutions (such as risk management teams and divisions) and the proliferation of the language of 'risk' as an object of regulation and control. Details: London: Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Paper No. 71: Accessed October 8, 2015 at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/DPs/Disspaper71.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/DPs/Disspaper71.pdf Shelf Number: 136978 Keywords: Event PlanningOlympicsRisk ManagementSecuritySports |
Author: Kavanagh, Emma J. Title: The Dark Side of Sport: Athlete Narratives of Maltreatment in High Performance Environments Summary: This study provides a unique insight into the impact and experience of maltreatment in elite adult sport, which to date has had limited consideration within the sporting literature. The evidence suggests that elite adult athletes can experience maltreatment in high performance environments and such treatment has the potential to have long-term negative effects on athlete wellbeing and continued participation in sport. However, to date, much of the guidance on protecting and supporting athletes has been directed toward child athletes or those under the age of 18. There remains much to be understood about the experience of maltreatment into adulthood if adult safeguarding and protection in sport are to be enhanced. The aim of this study is to explore elite adult athletes' experiences of maltreatment in high performance sport. In order to meet the aim of this research, athlete narratives of maltreatment gained through in-depth interviews were completed in order to capture the experiences of both male and female elite athletes. The participants of this study were 12 elite athletes between the ages of 19 and 35 years (mean = 27 years), who had competed in the United Kingdom and had represented England, Wales and/or Great Britain within their chosen sport. A variety of sports and sports types were included within the sample with participants from eleven different sports (hockey, volleyball, archery, rugby, cricket, football, eventing, handball, beach volleyball, taekwondo and tennis), and both team and individual sports were represented. Five main themes were identified: becoming an athlete, being an athlete, being maltreated, the perceived impact of maltreatment and coping with maltreatment. The findings suggest that maltreatment in sport is complex and multifaceted, and has the potential to pose a significant threat to athlete wellbeing. Prior to this study, existing research had failed to explore maltreatment as an overarching phenomenon and instead sought to examine individual types of maltreatment. While this has increased understanding, the complexity of experience is lost when individual maltreatment types are explored in isolation. This study underlines the co-occurring nature of maltreatment as well as the diverse nature of the experience of maltreatment. In addition, taking a broader approach has enabled an understanding of maltreatment types that have not previously been systematically explored. This study therefore extends knowledge about and understanding of the experience of maltreatment in high performance environments. A conceptual framework is presented to demonstrate how athletes experience maltreatment in sport. This study supports the need to further explore the impact on and consequences of maltreatment for athletic experience. Implications for practice and future research directions are outlined in order to identify the scope of work yet to be explored in this area. This study makes an important contribution to knowledge as the first piece of research that seeks to illuminate the experience of maltreatment in high performance sport. Details: Poole, UK: Bournemouth University, 2014. 322p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 15, 2015 at: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21488/1/PhD%20EK%20Final%20(2).pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21488/1/PhD%20EK%20Final%20(2).pdf Shelf Number: 136981 Keywords: AthletesMaltreatmentSports |
Author: Eren, Ozkan Title: Emotional Judges and Unlucky Juveniles Summary: Employing the universe of juvenile court decisions in a U.S. state between 1996 and 2012, we analyze the effects of emotional shocks associated with unexpected outcomes of football games played by a prominent college team in the state. We investigate the behavior of judges, the conduct of whom should, by law, be free of personal biases and emotions. We find that unexpected losses increase disposition (sentence) lengths assigned by judges during the week following the game. Unexpected wins, or losses that were expected to be close contests ex-ante, have no impact. The effects of these emotional shocks are asymmetrically borne by black defendants. We present evidence that the results are not influenced by defendant or attorney behavior or by defendants' economic background. Importantly, the results are driven by judges who have received their bachelor's degrees from the university with which the football team is affiliated. Different falsification tests and a number of auxiliary analyses demonstrate the robustness of the findings. These results provide evidence for the impact of emotions in one domain on a behavior in a completely unrelated domain among a uniformly highly-educated group of individuals (judges), with decisions involving high stakes (sentence lengths). They also point to the existence of a subtle and previously-unnoticed capricious application of sentencing. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper 22611: Accessed September 7, 2016 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22611.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22611.pdf Shelf Number: 147856 Keywords: JudgesJudicial SentencingJuvenile CourtJuvenile OffendersJuvenile SentencingSports |
Author: Guerin, Paul Title: College Student Athletes Early Intervention Program at the University of New Mexico Summary: The Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse Programs (DSAP) contracts and works with the Public Safety Psychology Group (PSPG), Media Literacy and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), and the Albuquerque Police Department (APD) in an effort to prevent drug and alcohol abuse. Due to the age of college athletes, and the above average risk of heavy episodic drinking, getting to these groups of students early in their college and sport careers is vital. Details: Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, Institute for Social Research, 2016. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 16, 2017 at: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2016/college-student-athletes-early-intervention-program-at-the-university-of-new-mexico.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2016/college-student-athletes-early-intervention-program-at-the-university-of-new-mexico.pdf Shelf Number: 147352 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse PreventionAthletesColleges and UniversitiesDrug Abuse PreventionSportsSubstance Abuse Prevention |
Author: Meek, Rosie Title: A Sporting Chance: An Independent Review of Sport in Youth and Adult Prisons Summary: Working with people in prison and tackling reoffending is one of the biggest challenges our society faces, and one in which sport has a unique and important role to play. As Tracey Crouch MP, the Minister for Sport, Tourism and Heritage, reminds us in her foreword to the current Sport England strategy, sport can have an impact on almost every aspect of everyone's life. In prison, just as in our communities, the impact of sport can be far-reaching. Participation can not only improve health and behaviour but can directly contribute to efforts to reduce reoffending, particularly by providing a route into education and employment. Recognising this, clubs and organisations representing football (including Cheslea, Everton and Fulham), rugby (including Saracens, Northampton and Leeds Rhinos) and beyond (including parkrun, the English Chess Federation and Brighton Table Tennis club) are collaborating with prisons in developing programmes that promote activity and tackle reoffending. In undertaking this review I visited and audited the provision of 21 different establishments, where I spoke with individuals from across the staffing structure and the children, young adults and adults in their care. I invited responses to a public consultation and met with community groups and dozens of people whose lives have been changed through sport in prison. These experiences helped to shape the recommendations that follow. Although this review demonstrates that much still needs to be done, I have also reported here some of the positive sporting achievements which have already taken place in our prisons and which have provided the motivation and skills for people to turn their lives around. These achievements are all the more remarkable given the levels of despair and brutality often encountered within our prison system. As well as celebrating these successes we need to develop mechanisms for rewarding and sharing good practice and I hope I have contributed to the latter by presenting a series of good practice examples from across the youth and adult estate. The 12 recommendations I outline below are largely targeted at prison staff and senior managers, HM Prison and Probation Service, the Ministry of Justice, and the wider Criminal Justice and Sport and Fitness sectors, particularly those involved in designing and delivering prison sports programmes. In responding to these recommendations, we have a collective responsibility to challenge outdated and ineffective policies and practices and to make greater efforts to instil in our prisons a consistent culture of learning and wellbeing, both of which are fundamental in promoting a wider rehabilitative culture. Government policies relating to prison regimes are crucial in guiding change, but just as significant are the ways in which prison sport and physical activity are positioned within the wider Criminal Justice System and beyond. My recommendations call for collaboration and innovation, which will need to be empowered by effective leadership, training and evaluation. Language is also important in positioning prison sport, and a simple branding exercise, for example where a prison gym is referred to as a Sports College, will go some way to inspiring an educational culture in a prison gym. What takes place in our prisons is a public concern, and the physical and psychological wellbeing of those in prison is a public health issue. Those who return to their communities after serving a prison sentence will bring with them their experiences, both negative and positive, which will also have had (and will continue to have) an impact on the lives of their families and those who work with them. Our efforts in this domain will have an impact on our efforts to create safer communities and reduce the numbers of future victims. My suggestions for the reform of physical activity in custody should be seen in the context of other Government campaigns, and now is the time for the Ministry of Justice, HM Prison and Probation Service and Youth Custody Service to work together with partners such as the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, the Department of Health and Social Care, Department for Education and the Home Office, many of whom are progressing with their own strategies18, in order to develop coordinated efforts to promote physical activity. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2018. 199p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 13, 2018 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733184/a-sporting-chance-an-independent-review-sport-in-justice.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733184/a-sporting-chance-an-independent-review-sport-in-justice.pdf Shelf Number: 151115 Keywords: Correctional Programs Offender Rehabilitation Prison Programs Prisoner Rehabilitation Recreational Programs Sports |