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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:05 am
Time: 12:05 am
Results for stop-and-frisk
3 results foundAuthor: Ofer, Udi Title: Stop-and-Frisk: A First Look. Six Months of Data on Stop-and-Frisk Practices in Newark Summary: This analysis is based on six months of reports, the full second half of 2013, released by the Newark Police Department under the new Transparency Policy, and focuses on the stop-and-frisk data components of the policy. The study compares Newark to its close neighbor to the east, New York City, whose stop-and-frisk practices have been the subject of much criticism and media attention. We made this comparison in order to put into perspective the six months of data reported by the Newark Police Department. While six months of stop-and-frisk data is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions about the Newark Police Department's stop-and-frisk practices, the ACLU-NJ believes that the initial concerns raised by these data are strong enough to warrant corrective actions now. This study has three primary findings on stop-and-frisk activities in Newark from July to December 2013: (1) High volume of stop-and-frisks. Newark police officers use stop-and-frisk with troubling frequency. In Newark today, police officers make 91 stops per 1,000 residents. Last year in New York City, the NYPD made 24 stops per 1,000 residents. In the final six months of 2013, the NYPD made approximately 8 stops per 1,000 residents, compared to Newark's 91 stops per 1,000 residents during the same period. (2) Black Newarkers bear the disproportionate brunt of stop-and-frisks. Although black Newarkers represent 52 percent of the city's population, they make up 75 percent of all stops. The disparities between stops of black Newarkers and white Newarkers are probably even higher than the data currently reveals given that the Newark Police Department did not report data on stops of Latino residents during the six months analyzed in this report, meaning that the number of white individuals stopped in the data is likely inflated. (3) The majority of people stopped are innocent. Twenty-five percent of people stopped by the Newark Police Department are arrested or issued a summons. In other words, three out of four people stopped in Newark, including many who face interrogation and a frisk, have been determined by the police to be innocent of any wrongdoing. While such an innocence rate is lower than in New York City, this high rate of innocence still raises significant concerns about police department overuse of its stop-and-frisk authority. The study concludes with a series of recommendations for greater compliance with the Newark Police Department's Transparency Policy and for ensuring that stop-and-frisk abuses do not take place, including by establishing permanent civilian oversight over the police department through a strong Civilian Complaint Review Board and Inspector General's Office. An Appendix is also included with additional data on stop-and-frisk activities in Newark, including by precinct, age, and sex. Details: Newark, NJ: American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey, 2014. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 21, 2014 at: http://www.aclu-nj.org/files/8113/9333/6064/2014_02_25_nwksnf.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.aclu-nj.org/files/8113/9333/6064/2014_02_25_nwksnf.pdf Shelf Number: 132104 Keywords: Police BehaviorPolice DiscretionRacial DisparitiesRacial Profiling in Law EnforcementStop and SearchStop-and-Frisk |
Author: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Title: Born Suspect: Stop-and-Frisk Abuses & the Continued Fight to End Racial Profiling in America Summary: For more than a century the NAACP has been engaged in the fight for a more fair and effective system of policing in America. Indeed, the first case the Association took on after its inception in 1910 involved defending a sharecropper from an illegal police raid on his farm. And to date, there are more than a dozen national resolutions that emphasize the organization's commitment to advocate for greater law enforcement accountability. Yet, the recent death of young men of color, including Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York and Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri-both unarmed African American men-at the hands of police officers reveals that the battle for justice and accountability continues. In 2012, following the death of teenager Trayvon Martin, and building on the renewed national conversation about racial profiling that ensued as a result of this tragedy, and also on the momentum of decades of advocacy to fight stop-and-frisk abuses in New York City, the NAACP helped leverage a successful collaborative campaign to pass anti-racial profiling and police accountability measures in New York City. In Born Suspect, the New York campaign is used as a framework to open a dialogue on racial profiling across the country. To do this, the NAACP conducted the most up-to-date analysis of state racial profiling laws, analyzing these policies to ascertain whether they include the necessary components to make these policies effective and enforceable. This analysis found that: - 20 state laws do not explicitly prohibit racial profiling - 30 states have some form of racial profiling laws on the books - 17 state laws ban the use of pretextual traffic stops - 17 states criminalize violations of their anti-profiling laws - 3 states allow individuals to seek injunctive relief to stop officers or police departments from racial profiling - 17 states require mandatory data collection for all stops and searches; 15 require analysis and publication of racial profiling data - 17 states require the creation of commissions to review and respond to complaints of racial profiling - No states meet all of the NAACP criteria of an effective racial profiling law Born Suspect also focuses on successful efforts in passing legislation in the New York City Council to determine and recommend effective campaign building tools and strategy components for advocates across the country. These include: - Diverse and Strategic Coalition Building that highlights the need for building a campaign collaboratively with all stakeholders and impacted communities - Grassroots Mobilizing and Advocacy that speaks to the need for activating and empowering community members to serve as change agents - Grasstops Advocacy that ensures strategic participation of high-level, well-recognized community leaders, public figures, and opinion makers - Legislative Advocacy that highlights the need to connect voters to their elected official to advocate for the passage of reform bills - Media & Social Media Strategy that describes the importance of a well-planned and well thought out communications plan that relies on both social and traditional media In addition to providing information on state laws and a roadmap for planning a successful anti-racial profiling campaign, Born Suspect also makes several specific recommendations for advocates, including: - Advocating for Passage of the national End Racial Profiling Act (ERPA), first introduced in both houses of the United States Congress in June of 2001. The bill aims to: o Ban racial profiling at all levels of government o Provide provisions for data collection and monitoring o Include enhanced and funded training on racial profiling o Provide for sanctions and remedies for violations of the law - Calling on the Department of Justice to update the Guidance Regarding the Use of Race by Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, first issued in June of 2003. Though a good first step at the time, the Guidance is long overdue for an update to address its many shortcomings. Specifically, the NAACP calls for an updated Guidance to: o Cover profiling based on national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and gender identity o Eliminate loopholes allowing profiling to occur under the guise of "national security" and at US borders o Apply to all federal law enforcement activity, including actions by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) o Apply to every state or local agency receiving funds from, or working in cooperation with, federal law enforcement agencies o Explicitly state that the ban on profiling applies to data collection analysis, assessment, and predicated investigations carried out by law enforcement agencies subject to the DOJ Guidance o Include enforcement mechanisms o Advocate for strengthening existing anti-racial profiling policy or introducing new measures at the state and local levels Born Suspect also provides several other resources for advocates including: - A detailed description of various components of an effective anti-profiling law - A model racial profiling bill - An Action Alert on the End Racial Profiling Act - Components of an effective Civilian Police Review Board - A sample Police Misconduct Incident Documentation Form Details: Baltimore, MD: NAACP, 2014. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2014 at: http://naacp.3cdn.net/443b9cbc69a3ef1aab_ygfm66yd7.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://naacp.3cdn.net/443b9cbc69a3ef1aab_ygfm66yd7.pdf Shelf Number: 133910 Keywords: Police MisconductRacial Profiling (U.S.)Racial Profiling in Law EnforcementStop-and-Frisk |
Author: American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Massachusetts Title: Black, Brown and Targeted: A Report on Boston Police Department Street Encounters from 2007-2010 Summary: The Boston Police Department (BPD) has used racially biased policing, as shown by data from reports of 200,000+ encounters between BPD officers and civilians from 2007-2010. According to researchers, the data show that police targeted Blacks in 63.3% of encounters- while Blacks make up less than a quarter of Boston's population. This racial disparity cannot be explained away by BPD efforts to target crime. The researchers' preliminary statistical analysis found that the racial composition of Boston neighborhoods drove police-civilian encounters even after controlling for crime rates and other factors. They also found that Blacks were more likely than whites to be subjected to repeat police-civilian encounters and to be frisked or searched, even after controlling for civilians' alleged gang involvement and history of prior arrest. The bottom line is that race was a significant factor driving the BPD's stop-and-frisk practices Details: Boston: ACLU, 2014. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2014 at: https://www.aclum.org/sites/all/files/images/education/stopandfrisk/black_brown_and_targeted_online.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.aclum.org/sites/all/files/images/education/stopandfrisk/black_brown_and_targeted_online.pdf Shelf Number: 133958 Keywords: Police MisconductRacial Profiling (Boston)Racial Profiling in Law EnforcementStop-and-Frisk |