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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:44 am
Time: 1:44 am
Results for students
2 results foundAuthor: Sapp, David Title: Counterproductive and Wasteful: Los Angeles' Daytime Curfew Pushes Students Away From School Summary: In 1995, the Los Angeles City Council passed an ordinance establishing a daytime curfew for the city's youth. Promulgated as Los Angeles Municipal Code (LAMC) 45.04, the law as currently written makes it unlawful, with limited exceptions, for any youth under the age of 18 to be in a public place during hours of the day when the youth's school is in session. Between 2005 and 2009, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and the Los Angeles School Police Department (LASPD) issued more than 47,000 tickets under the ordinance. This report - based on a review of scientific research, interviews with and surveys of thousands of students, and data obtained from LAPD, LASPD, and other public agencies - argues that LAMC 45.04 is a fundamentally misguided policy. The curfew, which has increasingly been used as an enforcement tool to improve student attendance, in fact causes students to miss school. The curfew's economic burdens - which include hefty fines, missed days of school to attend court hearings, and lost earnings by parents who must accompany their children to court - fall most heavily on low-income communities and families that are least able to afford them. And the law has been applied in a manner that disproportionately affects black and Latino youth, who have been issued curfew citations under LAMC 45.04 in numbers that far exceed their percentage of the population - a fact which, among others, exposes the city and other agencies to legal liability. Moreover, substantial research shows that curfew laws are ineffective in achieving their stated purpose of reducing crime. LAMC 45.04 diverts resources away from addressing serious crime, forcing police to address student attendance matters which are properly addressed by schools and families, not the penal system. In response to a multi-year campaign by community organizations, LAPD and LASPD have agreed to modify their enforcement protocols for the daytime curfew to address some of the law's most deleterious consequences. These changes, reflected in recently issued guidance directives, represent meaningful steps forward. The law enforcement agencies with primary responsibility for enforcing the daytime curfew have demonstrated leadership by curtailing the unnecessary criminalization of youth and ensuring that their limited resources are instead focused on investigating and preventing crime. Nonetheless, serious problems remain. Among other things, the new enforcement protocols are internal guidelines and thus can be revised at any time; they leave substantial discretion to individual officers (for example officers maintain discretion to handcuff and cite students who are simply running late to school); and they do not apply to the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, which also has authority to cite students under the ordinance. The reality is that as long as LAMC 45.04 is on the books, the potential for youth to be caught up unnecessarily in the penal system remains and limited resources for addressing real crime will continue to be misallocated. As we discuss in these pages, the time has come to repeal this failed and counterproductive policy and to establish in its place a sensible and sustainable approach for ensuring that children stay in school. In place of the current approach, we encourage the City of Los Angeles to work with the many agencies within Los Angeles County with a stake in ensuring that our youth are engaged in school - school districts, county agencies such as the Department of Children and Family Services and the Probation Department, the juvenile courts, and law enforcement officials and prosecutors - to implement a research-based approach to engage students in school and to ensure that students are connected with appropriate resources if they begin to disconnect from the education system. This report concludes with recommendations for a comprehensive set of reforms drawing from evidence-based practices and research evaluating the effectiveness of various programs from around the country. Details: Los Angeles: ACLU of Southern California, 2012. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2015 at: http://www.publiccounsel.org/tools/assets/files/Counterproductive-and-Wasteful-Los-Angeles-daytime-curfew-report_FINAL.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.publiccounsel.org/tools/assets/files/Counterproductive-and-Wasteful-Los-Angeles-daytime-curfew-report_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 135723 Keywords: Juvenile CurfewsSchool AttendanceStudentsTruants |
Author: Ramirez, Marizen Title: Contents and Contexts of Cyberbullying: An Epidemiologic Study Using Electronic Detention and Social Network Analysis Summary: Most of what is known about cyberbullying - its prevalence, risk factors, and links with offline bullying, violence and delinquency - draws heavily on single surveys, which limit researchers' ability to examine actual cyberbullying communications or the peer group contexts of the behavior. Using a multi-methods research design, we classified the contents of cyberbullying messages, measured their frequency and associations with offline bullying, and examined how social networks are associated with these behaviors. Beginning in January 2015, we surveyed 164 adolescents, grades 6 through 8, from two Iowa middle schools. Two surveys, one at the start of the spring semester and one at the end of spring 2015, gathered self-reported information on perpetration, victimization, and witnessing of online and offline bullying and the structure of peer networks. Of the 164 participants, a total of 77 participated in an electronic capture period from January through May 2015. We equipped participant smartphones with an application that collected incoming and outgoing text messages and Facebook and Twitter activity, and also surveyed them weekly about their bullying experiences. Approximately 21 per 1000 messages among youth in this sample were found to be aggressive in nature. Most aggression centered on topics about personality traits, sexual activity, harassment, jealousy, and appearance, and in peer-about-peer, peer-to-peer, and dating partners' communications. Messages with negative sentiment were found in specific participants, do not occur in mutual communications, and appear in gossip (i.e., discussed a third party). Findings form a scientific foundation for future studies of cyberbullying and more widely cyberaggresion. Our research also has practical implications for anti-bullying policies and practices, by providing by increasing knowledge about actual cyber aggressive communications and the social contexts in which they are embedded. Details: Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota, 2019. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 25, 2019 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/252847.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2019/grey-literature/contents-and-contexts-of-cyberbullying-an-epidemiologic-study-using-electronic-detection-and-social-network-analysis/ Shelf Number: 156925 Keywords: Bullying Cyberbullying Cybercrime Harassment Social Media StudentsSurvey |