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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:21 pm
Time: 8:21 pm
Results for transnational
2 results foundAuthor: Gasparini Alves, Pericles Title: Illicit Trafficking in Firearms: Prevention and Combat in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A National, Regional and Global Issue Summary: Since the 1980s, Brazil has faced one of the worst small arms problems in the world. Drug and arms trafficking have lead to increasing levels of violence in Brazilian society, notably in large cities such as Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. This publication offers and account of the arms trafficking situation in Rio de Janeiro and the Brazilian Government's response to it. Details: Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2001. 66p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2001 Country: Brazil URL: Shelf Number: 119478 Keywords: CrimeIllegal Arms TransferSmugglingTransnationalViolence |
Author: Norton, Simon Title: Australia-China Law Enforcement Cooperation Summary: Australia and China have an extensive and growing economic relationship underpinned by diverse people-to-people connections. China is Australia's largest two-way trading partner in goods and services (A$195 billion in 2017-18). Chinese investment into Australia's real estate industry increased by 400% in the five years to 2015, to A$12 billion in 2014-15. Money flows from China into Australia almost doubled between 2011-12 and 2015-16, from A$42 billion to almost A$77 billion. China is Australia's largest source of overseas students (over 157,000 studied in Australia in 2016) and second largest and highest spending inbound tourism market (with 1.2 million visits in 2016). This economic relationship is mutually beneficial, but it also creates opportunities for criminals. The large volume of money, goods and people moving between the two countries makes it easier to conceal crimes, such as trafficked drugs or laundered money. Much activity also takes place online, making the cyber realm a major vector for cross-border criminal activity. It's therefore important that the two governments work together to fight transnational crime where there are links between Australia and China, or where either's citizens play key facilitator roles. Australian police already have one of the strongest relationships with China's police of any Western liberal democracy. The Australian Federal Police (AFP) has maintained a liaison office in China since the late 1990s and currently has six liaison officers based in China. The AFP has been working with its Chinese counterparts on a successful joint counter-narcotics effort called Task Force Blaze since 2015. Australia and China signed a treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters in 2006, leading to the confiscation and repatriation of criminal proceeds. The two countries signed a treaty concerning the transfer of sentenced persons, which came into force in 2011; Matthew Ng became the first Australian to be transferred back home to Australia under a prisoner exchange treaty. Australia and China cooperated in the ultimate arrest and conviction of Zhao Nuo, a Chinese-born Australian citizen who murdered his wife in Western Australia before fleeing to China on a false passport. The Australian financial intelligence unit, AUSTRAC, signed a memorandum of understanding with its Chinese counterpart in 2016 and announced in November 2018 the appointment of its first financial intelligence analyst to be posted to China. In April 2017, the inaugural Australia-China High-Level Security Dialogue was held, setting out a vision for future cooperation. Despite these successes and much promise, there are also inherent risks for Australian authorities in working with China, and limitations on what Australian authorities can do with their Chinese counterparts. China has a very different political and judicial system from that of Australia and other liberal democratic countries. China is a one-party authoritarian state in which law enforcement agencies operate at the direction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Australians have legitimate concerns about the rule of law and civil and human rights in China. The deteriorating human rights situation in Xinjiang Province is of particular concern, especially due to its nature and scale and because of Chinese authorities' denial of any problems despite compelling physical, documentary and eyewitness evidence. And large-scale cyber espionage targeting Australia by Chinese cyber actors, including from the Chinese state, can't be overlooked. Working with Chinese authorities can be politically difficult, and there are many domestic critics of cooperation. This means that Australia should make it clear to China that these differences complicate the ability to engage in law enforcement cooperation. However, the Australian Government has a duty to protect Australia and Australians from crime and terrorism. Those threats are transnational, so effective relationships and collaboration with foreign countries are essential. Australia must prevent itself from becoming an attractive destination and safe haven for criminals. And Australians who are the victims of crime expect perpetrators to be brought to justice. Therefore, Australian authorities should continue to cooperate with their Chinese counterparts, guided by our legal framework and system of government, and look for opportunities to enhance cooperation where it's in Australia's interests to do so and where that cooperation doesn't conflict with Australia's laws and values. This paper outlines existing law enforcement cooperation between Australian and Chinese authorities, highlights the risks and limitations in working with China, and suggests areas where future cooperation can be enhanced. The following sections examine: -counter-narcotics, -concerns about and risks of working with the Chinese Government (using the debate over the ratification of the Australia-China extradition treaty as a case study), -economic crimes (fraud and corruption), -anti-money-laundering and proceeds of crime, -cybercrime, -counter-terrorism. The final section provides recommendations for future cooperation. Details: Barton, Australia: Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 2019. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 20, 2019 at: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/2019-06/SR%20139%20Australia_China%20law%20enforcement%20cooperation_0.pdf?XTZs6NXo8RTt3.A45VMhBVAjHvAQOdwh Year: 2019 Country: International URL: https://www.aspi.org.au/report/australia-china-law-enforcement-cooperation Shelf Number: 156550 Keywords: Anti-Money Laundering Australia China Counter-Terrorism Cybercrime Extradition Human Rights Abuses Law Enforcement Prisoner Exchange Rule of Law Terrorism Transnational |